What is LAN

Local area network: A local computer network for communication between computers;
especially a network connecting computers and word processors and other electronic office
equipment to create a communication system between offices
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a small physical area, like a
home, office, or small group of buildings, such as a school, or an airport. ...

Fig: Two or more computer connection for use LAN

What is a Network Switch

A network switch is a device that manages the sharing of multiple computers or networks on
the same data connection. Another name for a network switch is a network bridge, which is a
physical device responsible for routing and processing data within the open systems
interconnection model. A network switch does not include hubs or repeaters, as these devices
do not include any type of logical processors.

A network switch can support 10/100 Mbit/s (Megabits per second) or 10/100/1000 Mbit/s
port transfer rates. It is possible to have multiple network switches operating at different
speeds on the same network. However, this type of setup lends itself to bottlenecks and
restricts the possible routes available for the flow of data.

Picture: LAN card

Picture: RJ-45 Connector

Picture: bulk Category (Cat) 5, 5e, 6, 6a or higher Ethernet cable

Types Of network: -
-LAN (Local Area Network)
-MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
-WAN (Wide Area Network)

LAN: -
-Confined to a single location
-Using Cable as its connecting media
-Maximum distances between two networks are limited by length of
signal.
-Network systems built in time limit
MAN: -
-Covers a much larger area compared to LAN
WAN: -
-Covers a larger area compared to LAN
-WAN is spread over wide areas such as
 Cities
 States
 Countries
-WAN established communication via
 Telephone
 Satellite
 Microwave

Classification of Network: -
-Server Based Network
-Peer to peer Network
-Combination Network
Protocol: - A protocol is a standard that regulates the transmission of data between
computers.
Here is a wiring diagram and pin out:

Modular Connector Plug and Jack Pin Out

Ethernet Cable Pin Outs:
There are two basic Ethernet cable pin outs. A straight through Ethernet cable, which is used
to connect to a hub or switch, and a crossover Ethernet cable used to operate in a peer-to-peer
fashion without a hub/switch. Generally all fixed wiring should be run as straight through.
Some Ethernet interfaces can cross and un-cross a cable automatically as needed, a handy
feature.

State connection:

Standard, Straight-Through Wiring Diagram(both ends are the same):

Wire Wire 10Base-T Signal
RJ45 Pin 1000Base-T
Color Diagram 100Base-TX
# Signal
(T568A) (T568A) Signal
1 White/Green Transmit+ BI_DA+

2 Green Transmit- BI_DA-

3 White/Orange Receive+ BI_DB+

4 Blue Unused BI_DC+

5 White/Blue Unused BI_DC-

6 Orange Receive- BI_DB-

7 White/Brown Unused BI_DD+

8 Brown Unused BI_DD-

Straight-Through Ethernet Cable Pin Out for T568A

Wire Wire 10Base-T Signal
RJ45 Pin 1000Base-T
Color Diagram 100Base-TX
# Signal
(T568B) (T568B) Signal
1 White/Orange Transmit+ BI_DA+

2 Orange Transmit- BI_DA-

3 White/Green Receive+ BI_DB+

4 Blue Unused BI_DC+

5 White/Blue Unused BI_DC-

6 Green Receive- BI_DB-

7 White/Brown Unused BI_DD+

8 Brown Unused BI_DD-

Straight-Through Ethernet Cable Pin Out for T568B

Crossover Cable Wiring Diagram(T568B):

RJ45 Pin Wire Diagram RJ45 Pin Wire Diagram
# (END 1) Color End #1 # (END 2) Color End #2
1 White/Orange 1 White/Green

2 Orange 2 Green

3 White/Green 3 White/Orange

4 Blue 4 White/Brown

5 White/Blue 5 Brown

6 Green 6 Orange

7 White/Brown 7 Blue

8 Brown 8 White/Blue
Crossover Ethernet Cable Pin Outs

How to wire Ethernet Patch Cables:

1. Strip off about 2 inches of the ethernet cable sheath.
2. Untwist the pairs - don't untwist them beyond what you have exposed, the more
untwisted cable you have the worse the problems you can run into.
3. Align the colored wires according to the wiring diagrams above.
4. Trim all the wires to the same length, about 1/2" to 3/4" left exposed from the sheath.
5. Insert the wires into the RJ45 plug - make sure each wire is fully inserted to the front
of the RJ45 plug and in the correct order. The sheath of the ethernet cable should
extend into the plug by about 1/2" and will be held in place by the crimp.
6. Crimp the RJ45 plug with the crimper tool.
7. Verify the wires ended up the right order and that the wires extend to the front of the
RJ45 plug and make good contact with the metal contacts in the RJ45 plug
8. Cut the ethernet cable to length - make sure it is more than long enough for your
needs.
9. Repeat the above steps for the second RJ45 plug.
How to wire fixed Ethernet Cables:
1. Run the full length of ethernet cable in place, from endpoint to endpoint, making sure
to leave excess.
2. At one end, cut the wire to length leaving enough length to work, but not too much
excess.
3. Strip off about 2 inches of the ethernet cable sheath.
4. Align each of the colored wires according to the layout of the jack.
5. Use the punch down tool to insert each wire into the jack.
6. Repeat the above steps for the second RJ45 jack.
How to wire your own Ethernet cables and connectors.
What You Need:
Required:
 Ethernet Cable - bulk Category (Cat) 5, 5e, 6, 6a or higher Ethernet cable
 Wire Cutters - to cut and strip the Ethernet cable if necessary
 For Patch Cables:
o 8P8C Modular Connector Plugs ("RJ45")
o Modular Connector Crimper ("RJ45")
 For Fixed Wiring:
o 8P8C Modular Connector Jacks ("RJ45")
o 110 Punch Down Tool
Recommended:
Wire Stripper
Cable Tester
RJ-45 Connector
Cable (cat 5 or cat 6 ) UTP cable

Local Area Connection Setup

Go to control panel \ network connection \ local area connection

PC-1 : 192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0
 192.168.1.1 Computer Name: Mehedi-1

DNS Server 192.168.1.1 Workgroup: Manarat-1

PC-2 : 192.168.1.2
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.1 Computer Name: Mehedi-2

DNS Server 192.168.1.1 Workgroup: Manarat-2

192.168.1 is Network address and 1, 2 is Host ID.

Fig: Small office or Home Networking Use LAN

Classes

Class A: - (Large Scale Network) [0-127]

-The Number Of Hosts: A maximum of 1,67,77,216
-The Number Of subnets: A maximum Of 128, default=255.0.0

Class B: - (Medium Scale Network) [128-191]

-The Number Of Hosts: A maximum of 65,536
-The Number Of subnets: A maximum Of 16,384 default=255.255.0.0

Class C: - (Small Scale Network) [192-223]

-The Number Of Hosts: A maximum of 256
-The Number Of subnets: A maximum of 2,097152 default=255.255.255.0

*Class C---> 192.168.1.2 or 5 etc

255.255.255.0
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.1

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255.255.0.0
172.16.1.1
172.16.1.1
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