Modul I Love Maths

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
1
 Modul I Love Maths

TOPIC :1 NUMBER SYSTEM

RULES OF LOGARITHM
log a mn  log a m  log a n
m
log a    log a m  log a n
 n 
log a mn  n log a m
log a a  1.
aloga b  b
log b c
Change base: log a c  .
log b a

RULES OF INDICES RULES OF SURDS

a m  a n  a m n ab  a  b , a, b  0
am a a
 a m n  , a  0, b  0
an b b
 am   amn a a a
n

an a b  c d  a  c  bd
a 0  a nn  1
an
a0 1 a b  c b  a  c  b
a  m  a 0 m  m  m
a a
a a 2 a
a n   n a   n am
m
m

 a  b   a  2 a b   b
2 2 2

1
an  n a  a  2 ab  b

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
2
 Modul I Love Maths

SUBTOPIC: COMPLEX NUMBER

Complex number must be written in the form of z  a  bi

Conjugate of complex number z*  a  bi

Modulus of complex number: z  a 2  b 2

Arguement of complex number:     

    
 b   tan 1 b
   tan1 a
z  1  2i a z  1  2i

       b
 b    tan1
    tan1  a
 a

 
z  1  2i
z  1  2i
IMPORTANT!
Make sure  in
Polar form : z  r cos   i sin  . radian.

r z   arg z  ,

Equality of complex number

z1  z2
a  bi  x  yi
STEP 1: make sure z1 and z2 in the form of a  bi .

STEP 2: Compare :
real part of the right hand side= real part of the left hand side
imaginary part of the right hand side= imaginary part of the left hand side

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
3
 Modul I Love Maths

TOPIC :2 EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES

SUBTOPIC: LOGARITHM
PROBLEMS: HOW TO SOLVE LOGARITHM EQUATION?

METHOD:
LOG

SAME BASE DIFFERENT BASE

MAKE IT AS SINGLE LOG CHANGE BASE

CHANGE INTO INDEX FORM/

SOLVE THE EQUATION
COMPARE

2 log x  log 2  log  3 x  4  log 6 x 3  2 log x 6  1

STEP 1: COLLECT LOG AT ONE SIDE STEP 1: CHANGE BASE DIFFERENT BASE
2 log x  log 2  log  3 x  4  log 6 x 
3 2 log 6 6
1
log 6 x
STEP 2: MAKE IT AS SINGLE LOG STEP 2 : SOLVE THE EQUATION
Use Law Of 2
Logarithm: log a  log b  log ab 3log 6 x  1
log 6 x USE RULE
a
log a  log b  log Let u  log 6 x log a bm  m log a b
b
2
3u  1
log x  log 2  3x  4 
2
u
STEP 3 : CHANGE INTO INDEX FORM/ 3u 2  2  u
COMPARE 3u 2  u  2  0
x 2  2  3x  4 
 u  1 3u  2   0
STEP 4 : SOLVE THE EQUATION
2
x2  6 x  8  0 u  1, u  
3
 x  4  x  2   0 2
log 6 x  1,log 6 x  
x  4, x  2 3
2

TIPS:Don’t forget x  6, x  6 3

to check the final

answer!!
By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah
Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
4
 Modul I Love Maths

TOPIC :2 EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES

SUBTOPIC: INDICES
PROBLEMS: HOW TO SOLVE INDICES EQUATION?

METHOD:

SOLVING INDICES

TAKING LOG TO
BOTH SIDES
2 TERMS

COMPARE INDEX SOLVE

COUNT TERMS

3 AND MORE MAKE IT AS AN

TERMS EQUATION

EXAMPLE

2 x5  4 9 x  10  3x  25  0

STEP 1: Count Term STEP 1 : Count Term

1 2 1 2 3
STEP 2: Change to similar base STEP 2: Change to similar base
2 x5  2 2 32 x  10  3x  25  0
STEP 3: Compare index STEP 3: Make it as an equation
x5  2 let u  3
x

u 2  10u  25  0
STEP 4: Solve the equation STEP 4: Solve the equation
x7  u  5 u  5  0
u 5
3x  5
x log 3  log 5
x  1.47

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
5
 Modul I Love Maths

TOPIC :2 EQUATIONS,INEQUALITIES AND ABSOLUTE VALUES

SUBTOPIC: SOLVING INEQUALITIES

INEQUALITIES

LINEAR QUADRATIC RATIO

Do not
5x  6 x  5 x  6
2
2x  3 cross
1 multiply
6 S1:SIMPLFY
x5
x S1:SIMPLFY x2  5x  6  0
5 2x  3
 6
S2:FACTOR  x  3 x  2   0 x5
1  0
  ,  x  3, x  2
 5 S3:CN 2 x  3   x  5
0
S4:GRAPH x5
S2:FACTOR x 8
0
x5
2 3 S3:CN Critical Number
Choose positive
 (, 2]  [3, ) x  8, x  5
sign! Shade
S4:S-LINE
right and left of
the graph.
x 8
 , 5   5,8 8,  
x5
+ - +

Its important to identify the -5 8

types of Inequalities, either
LINEAR / QUADRATIC /RATIO NOTE!!
 ( 5,8] Choose negative
to avoid mistakes. -5 is a denominator. sign!
Cannot be included ,need
to use open bracket.

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
6
 Modul I Love Maths

TOPIC : 2 EQUATIONS,INEQUALITIES AND ABSOLUTE VALUES

SUBTOPIC: SOLVING ABSOLUTE VALUES INEQUALITIES

ABSOLUTE VALUES INEQUALITIES

LINEAR QUADRATIC

x2  7 x  6  6
5x  6 S1:DEFINE
x2  7 x  6  6 x 2  7 x  6  6
6 A 6 S2: SIMPLIFY
x x x2  7 x  0 O x 2  7 x  12  0
5 N 5 R
D x( x  7)  0  x  3 x  4   0 S3: FACTOR

x  0, x  7 x  3, x  4 S4: CRITICAL NUMBER

6 6 S5: GRAPH

5 5
-7 0 -4 -3
 6 6
 ,  C1 :
 5 5
(, 7]  [0, ) C 2 : [  4,  3]
O -5 8 S6:ANSWERS
R
S7:NOM LINE
CASE 1:
CASE 2:
-7 -4 -3 0

 (, 7]   4, 3  [0, )

S8:FINAL
ANSWER

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
7
 Modul I Love Maths

RATIO

1
5
x 1
1 1
5 A  5 S1:DEFINE
x 1 x 1
1 N 1 S2: SIMPLIFY
5  0 5  0
x 1 D x 1
1  5  x  1 1  5  x  1
0 0
x 1 x 1
1  5x  5 1  5x  5
0 0
x 1 x 1
Divide /Multiply 5 x  4 5x  6 S3: FACTOR
with Negative 1 if 0 0
x 1 x 1
x is negative.
5x  4
0
**CHANGE THE x 1
SIGN!! 4 6
x   , x  1 x   , x  1 S4: CRITICAL
5 5 NUMBER S5: S-LINE

5x  4  4  4  5x  4 6  6
 , 1  1,     ,    ,   , 1  1,  
x 1  5  5  x 1 5   5
+ - + + - +

4 6
1   1
5 5

AND
 4  6
Case 1 (, 1)   , ) Case 2:   ,     1,  )
 5  5 S6:ANSWERS
C1 & C2

Case 2:
S7:NOM LINE
Case 1:

6 4
 1 
S8:FINAL
5 5
ANSWER
6  4
(,     , )
5  5

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
8
 Modul I Love Maths

SUMMARY
BOTH MODULUS
|6 − 2𝑥| > |5𝑥|
CHAPTER 2
**squaring both
CHAPTER 1
sides

Solve.. INEQUALITY
TYPES BASIC
LINEAR
OF 1.INDICES |7 − 2𝑥| > 5𝑥
NUMBE *count.. …
1.INDICES LINEAR A
B
2terms 7-6x < 8x B 7-2x>5x OR ………….
apply A
COMPLEX 3terms S
S X >….
NUMBERS Ex: O Combine: Shaded
I
a)9x+2-3x=8 L
-in form of…….. C QUADRATIC QUADRATIC
b)2x-4=3x+2 U
*coef x2 must be + |𝑥 − 2| ≤ 𝑥 + 5
Ex: Ex: Simplify 2n-6(4n-3) c)ex=5 T
*change sign > /<
7-6x2 < 3x-4 E
a) = x-2≤x2+5 AND…….
2.LOG 2.LOG 6x2+3x+3 >0 X2-x+7≥ 0 ……………
MODULUS ** BASE
Same Different Graph 1
apply Graph 1 Graph 2
1)………….. 1)……………
z  a b 2 2
Combine: Shaded
2)………….. 2)………….. RATIO
3)……………. 3)…………… 2
*coef x must be +
ARGUMENT  RATIO
Ex :2 ln x =ln (6-x)+ln 3 *change sign > /< 4𝑥
3logx3 +log3 3 *use table@ S- line ≥ 4 − 3𝑥
x =10/3 2𝑥 − 3
*if quadratic cannot be
3.SURD factorized need to use CTS ………………OR…………..
3.SURD Ex:
POLAR FORM 5 & the value is always + S-line 1 S-line 2
*use expansion a)√𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 7𝑥 − 4
z  cos   i sin   √2𝑥 − 7
=
(a+b)2=
−3𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1
b)√𝑥 + 1 − √𝑥 − 3=2 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 3)
≥0
By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah (a-b)2=
Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang c) 2x 1  x 1  x  2 S-line 1 Combine: Shaded
9
 Modul I Love Maths

TOPIC :5 FUNCTION AND GRAPHS

SUBTOPIC: SKETCHING GRAPH
BASIC GRAPH

LINEAR QUADRATIC CUBIC

y  mx  c y  x2 y  x3
ABSOLUTE VALUE SURD RECIPROCAL

y x y x 1
y
x
EXPONENTIAL LOG

y  ex y  ln x

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
10
 Modul I Love Maths

There are 6 graph

movement

MOVEMENT QUADRATIC SURD

yx 2
y x
f ( x)

0 0
Original
Domain:  ,   Domain:  0,  
function
Range:  0,   Range:  0,  
f ( x)  a y  x2  4 y  x 5
Move:
+ upward 4
- downward
Domain:  ,   -5

Range:  4,   Domain:  0,  
Range:  5,  
f ( x  a) y   x  5
2
y  x2
Move:
- right 5
+left -2
Domain: Domain:
Range: Range:
f ( x  a)  b y   x  3  1
2
y  x 1  4
Move:
- right -3 4
+left
Move: -1
+ upward 1
Domain: Domain:
- downward Range: Range:
 f ( x) y  x2 y x

Reflection on
x axis Domain: Domain:
Range: Range:
f ( x) y   x 
2
y  x

Reflection on Domain: Domain:

y axis Range Range:

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
11
 Modul I Love Maths

MOVEMENT MODULUS RATIO

y x 1
f ( x) y
x

0 y=0
Original Domain:  \ 0
function 0
Domain: x=0
Range:  \ 0
Range:
f ( x)  a y  2x  4 1
y 5
x
Move:
+ upward 4
- downward y=-5
Domain:
Domain:  ,  
Range:
Range:  4,   x=0
f ( x  a) y  x 3 4
y
x3
Move:
- right y=0
+left Domain:
Range: 3 Domain:
Range: x=-3
f ( x  a)  b y  x2 4 1
y 2
Move: x4
- right
+left y=2
-2
Move:
-4
+ upward Domain:
Domain:  ,   x=4
- downward
 , 4    4,  
Range:  4,  
Range:  , 2    2,  
 f ( x) y x 1
y
x

Reflection on
0 y=0
x axis Domain: Domain: x=0
Range: Range:
f ( x) y  x 1 x=2
y
2 x

Reflection on Domain: y=0

y axis 0
Range Domain:
Range:

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
12
 Modul I Love Maths

MOVEMENT EXPONENTIAL NATURAL LOG

y e x y  ln x
f ( x)

Original Domain: Domain:

function Range: Range:

f ( x)  a y  ex  4 y  ln x  5

Move:
+ upward
- downward Domain: Domain:
Range: Range:
f ( x  a) y  ex2 y  ln( x  2)

Move:
- right
+left Domain: Domain:
Range: Range:
f ( x  a)  b y  ex3 1 y  ln( x  1)  2
Move:
- right
+left
Move:
+ upward Domain: Domain:
- downward Range: Range:
 f ( x) y  ex y   ln x

Reflection on
x axis Domain: Domain:
Range: Range:
f ( x) y  ex y  ln(  x )

Reflection on Domain: Domain:

y axis Range Range:

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
13
 Modul I Love Maths

SKETCHING GRAPH OF EXPONENTIAL AND NATURAL LOGARITHM

y  e x and y  ln x

STEP 1: Quadrant
LOOK AT
The sign of x=
The sign of y=
Choose the quadrant to get the starting point!

STEP 2: Intercept
Find the x and y intercept When x=0, y=?
When y=0, x=?

STEP 3: Asymptote
Find the asymptote?

STEP 4: Sketch
Don’t hit the asymptote

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
14
 Modul I Love Maths

STEPS y e x  1 y  - ex  2
LOOK AT The sign of x= - The sign of x= +
The sign of x=
The sign of y= The sign of y= + The sign of y= -
Choose the quadrant to get Choose the quadrant to get the Choose the quadrant to get
the starting point! starting point! the starting point!
 Starting point is at  Starting point is at
Quadrant 2 Quadrant 4
y
y
Q
x
x

STEP 2: Intercept When x=0, y=e0 +1=2 when x = 0, y = -3

when y = 0, x =doesn’t exist when y = 0, x =doesn’t exist
y y
Find the intercept

2
I x -3
x

STEP 3: Asymptote y e x  1 y  - ex  2
Horizontal Asymptote, y = 1 Horizontal Asymptote, y= - 2

A y
y

2 x
y=1 y=-2
-3
x
STEP 4: Sketch Sketch From left to right Sketch From right to left
Don’t hit the asymptote Don’t hit the asymptote
y y
Don’t hit the asymptote
x
From left to right 2
y=1 y=-2
(Starting point at Q2 0r Q3)
or -3
From right to left x
(Starting point at Q1 0r Q4) Domain=  ,   Domain=  ,  
Range= 1,   Range=  , 2 

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
15
 Modul I Love Maths

STEPS y  log  x  3 y  log 2-x 

LOOK AT The sign of x= + The sign of x= -
The sign of x=
The sign of y= The sign of y= + The sign of y= +
Choose the quadrant to get Choose the quadrant to get the Choose the quadrant to get the
the starting point! starting point! starting point!
 Starting point is at  Starting point is at
Quadrant 1 Quadrant 2
y y

Q
x x

STEP 2: Intercept when x = 0, y = not exist when x = 0, y = log 2

when y = 0, x = 4 when y = 0, x = 1
y y
Find the intercept

I x
log 2
x
4 1
STEP 3: Asymptote y  log  x  3 y  log  2  x
Vertical Asymptote, Vertical Asymptote,
x-3=0 2-x=0
A x=3
y x=3
x=2
y x=2

log 2

4 x x
1
STEP 4: Sketch Sketch From top to bottom Sketch From top to bottom
Don’t hit the asymptote Don’t hit the asymptote
Don’t hit the asymptote x=3 y
y
x=2
From top to bottom
(Starting point at Q1 0r Q2) log 2
Or
From bottom to top 1 x
4 x
(Starting point at Q3 0r Q4)

Domain=  3,   Domain=  , 2 

Range=  ,   Range=  ,  

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
16
 Modul I Love Maths

FIND INVERSE??

Function Show 1-1 f 1  x  Graph f and f-1 Df, Rf Df-1, Rf-1

f ( x)   x  4 METHOD 1 Df   ,    Rf 1
f ( x1 )  f ( x2 ) f  f 1 ( x)  x
Rf   ,    Df 1
 x1  4   x2  4   f ( x)   4  x
1
y=x
 x1  x2
  f 1 ( x)   x  4 f(x) 4
METHOD 2
 f 1 ( x)    x  4
f(x) 4 4
HLT -1
f (x)
4
By using horizontal line test it
cut the graph at 1 point.Thus
f(x) is 1-1 function.
f : x  x  2, x  2 METHOD 1 Df   2,    Rf 1
f ( x1 )  f ( x2 ) f  f 1 ( x)  x
Rf   0,    Df 1
x1  2  x2  2 y=x
f  f ( x)   x
1
f(x)
x1  2  x2  2 1
f ( x)  2  x
 x1  x2
f 1 ( x)  2  x 2
METHOD 2 -2
f(x) f 1 ( x)  x 2  2
x0 -2
f-1(x)
HLT

-2
By using
horizontal line test it cut the
graph at 1 point.Thus f(x) is 1-1
function.

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
17
 Modul I Love Maths

Function Show 1-1 f 1  x  Sketch Graph f and Df, Rf Df-1, Rf-1

f-1
f ( x)  x 2  2 x, x  1 METHOD 1
f ( x1 )  f ( x2 ) f  f 1 ( x)  x f(x)
CTS ( x1  1)  1  ( x2  1)  1
2 2
f  f 1 ( x )   x
f ( x)  x 2  2 x, x  1 Df   1,    Rf 1
( x1  1)2  ( x2  1) 2 2
f ( x)   x  1  1  f 1 ( x)  1  1  x Rf   1,   ,  Df 1
2
x1  1    x2  1 -1 f-1(x)
2
x  1, x1  1  x2  1  f 1 ( x )  1  x  1
 x1  x2 -1
f 1 ( x )  1   x  1
1  1 function y=x
METHOD 2 f 1 ( x)   x  1  1
f(x) x  1,
HLT f 1 ( x)  x  1  1
-1
By using horizontal line test it cut
the graph at 1 point.Thus f(x) is 1-1
function.
f(x) = ex + 3 METHOD 1
f-1(x)
f ( x1 )  f ( x2 ) f  f 1 ( x)  x f(x)
e 3 e 3
x1 x2
f  f ( x )   x
1

e e
x1 x2 4 Df   ,    Rf 1
f 1 ( x )
e 3 x
ln e x1  ln e x2 1
Rf   3,    Df 1
e f ( x)
 x3 y=3
 x1  x2 1
ln e f ( x)
 ln x  3 3
METHOD 2 4
f(x) f 1 ( x)  ln x  3
HLT
y=3 y=x
By using horizontal line x=3
test it cut the graph at 1 point.Thus Vertical asymptote
f(x) is 1-1 function.

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
18
 Modul I Love Maths

Function Show 1-1 f 1  x  Sketch Graph f Df, Rf Df-1, Rf-1

and f-1
f ( x )  ln( x  1) METHOD 1 f  f 1 ( x )  x f(x)
f ( x1 )  f ( x2 )
f  f ( x)   x
1 Df   1,    Rf 1
y=x
ln( x1  1)  ln( x2  1) Rf   ,    Df 1
1
x1  1  x2  1 ln f ( x )  1  x

 x1  x2 f 1 ( x )  1  e x
f-1(x)
f(x) is 1-1 function f 1 ( x )  e x  1

METHOD 2
f(x) y=-1
x=-1
HLT

x=-1
By using horizontal
line test it cut the graph at 1
point.Thus f(x) is 1-1 function.
1 METHOD 1 f-1(x)
f ( x)  2 x  1 , x  f ( x1 )  f ( x2 ) y=x
2 f  f 1 ( x )  x
2 x1  1  2 x2  1 f  f 1 ( x )   x
1 
2 x1  1    2 x2  1 1 1 Df   ,    Rf 1
2 f ( x)  1  x 2 
1 2 f(x)
x , 2 f 1 ( x)  1   x Rf   0,    Df 1
2
2 x1  1  2 x2  1 1
x  , 2 f 1 ( x )  x  1 1
2
2 x1  2 x2 2
1
 x1  x2 f 1 ( x)   x  1
2
f ( x ) is 1  1 function

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
19
 Modul I Love Maths

Function Show 1-1 f 1  x  Sketch Graph f and Df, Rf Df-1, Rf-1

f-1
METHOD 2
f(x)

HLT
1
2
By using horizontal line test it
cut the graph at 1 point.Thus
f(x) is 1-1 function.

f ( x) 
2 METHOD 1 Df  Rf 1
x3 f ( x1 )  f ( x2 )
f  f 1 ( x)  x
 ,   \ 3
2 2
 x=-3
x1  3 x2  3 f  f 1 ( x )   x
y=x Rf  Df 1
2  x2  3  2  x1  3 2 f(x)
2 x2  6  2 x1  6
1
f ( x)  3
x  ,   \ 0
2 x2  2 x1 2  xf 1 ( x )  3x y=0
 x1  x2 1
xf ( x)  2  3 x
f ( x) is 1  1 function 2  3x
f 1 ( x)  y=-3
METHOD 2 x
2
f 1 ( x)   3
x f-1(x)

x=0
HLT

By using horizontal line test it

cut the graph at 1 point.Thus
f(x) is 1-1 function.

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
20
 Modul I Love Maths

BASIC GRAPH BASIC GRAPH LOG AND EXPONENTIAL

FIND DOMAIN RANGE? Find Domain Range?

FUNCTIONS

HOW TO DETERMINE 1-1 FIND INVERSE

SKETCH F(X) AND INVERSE

Domain and Range f(x) and f-1(x)

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

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 Modul I Love Maths

TOPIC: 8 LIMITS

LIMITS CONTINUITY

SUBSTITUTE f ( x )is said to be continuous

at x  a if it satisfy the
following condition
0 number i)f ( a )is defined

0 0 number asymptote
0  ii) lim f ( x )exists
xa
  iii) lim f ( x )  f ( a )
factorize X conjugate   xa

Factorize the highest power

3
6 1 4 x H
f ( x) 
lim lim 3x  1
2 3x  1 V x2
x 1 x 1 x2 x  2 lim lim o e x20
x2 2
x  x 2  1 x 
x2  1 r r
lim 2 5    x2
x2 x  4
   0  1   1 i t
0 x2  3  2  x3   z i lim
3
 
x 
lim  
x2 x o c x2
x  2
 lim lim
x  2  x  2  x  2 
x 1 x   1  x   1  n a 3
lim x 2 1  2  x2  1  2  t lim  
x 1 x 1  x  x 
l x2 x  2
1  a
VA is x  2
 lim x 1 x 1 30 l
x 2  x  2   1
 lim   3 x3 
x 1 x 1 x 1 1 0
1  lim  x

4
 lim
x 1  x 1 x   1 
x  1 2 
f ( x) 
3
x2
x 1 x 1  x, x  0  x 
lim
3
0
x2  x   x  x  2
 lim x  1
x 1
  x, x  0
 lim
3  0  3 3
2 x 
1  1 0  lim
x  x  2
0

HA is y  0

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

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 Modul I Love Maths

TOPIC:9 DIFFERENTIATION

BASIC DIFFERENTIATION
FIRST PRINCIPLE DERIVATIVE AT A POINT
f x  h   f  x  f  x   f a 
f  a   lim
dy
 f  x  lim
dx h 0 h x a xa
DIFFERENTIABLE If a function is differentiable at a point,
f  x  f  a  f x   f  a  then the function is also continuous at
f  a   lim  lim that point
x a xa x a xa
PRODUCT RULE QUOTIENT RULE
dy dy vu ' uv '
 vu ' uv ' 
dx dx v2
DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION
GENERAL POWER RULE DIFFERENTIATE NATURAL LOG
y  2x  6 y  ln  x 2  5 
5

METHOD METHOD

y  ln x 2  5 
Sing:
Tips!!
Bring down power
1.Use law of logarithm
Reduce power
2.Put a slash / on n
Differentiate bracket
(the letter l looks like number 1)
So remember 1 / (…)
3.Then write number 1 and 2 on the top
4.Proceed to step 2, differentiate bracket
Example 1 Example 1
y  2x  6
5 1 2
dy 
y  ln x  5
2

 5  2x  6  2
4

dx
Put a slash / on n and it become 1/ x 2  5 
Bring down power dy l
 2 (2 x )
Reduce power dx  x  5 
Differentiate
Move to 2nd step: Differentiate bracket
bracket
Example 2 Example 2
y  4  cos  
3 1 2
dy 
y  4 ln 3 x 5  2 
 4 3  cos     sin   
2

dx  
Put a slash / on n and it become 1/ x 2  5 
Bring down power dy 4
 (15 x 4 )
Reduce power dx  3 x  2 
5

Differentiate
Move to 2nd step: Differentiate bracket
bracket

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

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 Modul I Love Maths

DIFFERENTIATE TRIGO DIFFERENTIATE EXPONENTIAL

y  sin  3x  4 
2
5
y  e2 x
METHOD METHOD

Tips!! Use ACRONIM DI-CO-DI Tips!! Use ACRONIM CO-DI-PO-LN

1. Write number 1 and 2 on the top 1.Copy the exponent
2. Differentiate nom 1, 2.DIfferentiate POwer
3. Copy angle 3.ln base
4. Differentiate nom 2
Example 1 1 2 Example 1 y  e2 x
2
5

y  sin  3x  4  dy 2
 e2 x 5 (4 x) ln e
dx
dy
 cos  3x  4  .3 1.Copy the exponent
dx 2.DIfferentiate POwer
Differentiate nom 1 3.ln base
Copy angle
Differentiate
Nom 2

Example 2 1 2 Example 2 y  32 x

2

y  cos  x 2  3
dy
dy
   2x  ln 3
 32 x
2

  sin  x 2  3  2 x  dx
dx 1.Copy the exponent
2.DIfferentiate POwer
Differentiate nom 1 3.ln base
Copy angle
Differentiate
Nom 2

DERIVATIVE OF TRIGO

d d d
sin x  cos x cos x   sin x tan x  sec2 x
dx dx dx
d d d
cot x   cosec 2 x sec x  sec x tan x cosec x   cosec x cot x
dx dx dx

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

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 Modul I Love Maths

IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

1ST DERIVATIVE
 x  5
2
 y3  7 x  6 y
dy dy
2  x  5  3 y 2
1
 76 S1:Differentiate each terms with respect to x
dx dx
dy dy dy
 6  7  2  x  5
1
3 y2 S2: Collect on the left
dx dx dx
dy
dx
 3 y 2  6   7  2 x  10 S3: Factorize
dy
dx
dy 17  2 x
 dy
dx 3 y 2  6 S4:Make as a subject
dx

2nd DERIVATIVE

dy 17  2 x u

dx 3 y 2  6 v

u  17  2 x v  3y2  6
dy
u '  2 v'  6y
dx
d 2 y vu ' uv '

dx 2 v2
 dy 
2
d y
3 y 2
 6   2   17  2 x   6 y 
 dx 
 dy
S1:Differentiate
3 y  6
2
dx 2 2
dx
 dy dy 
6 y 2  12   102 y  12 xy 
  dx dx 
3 y 2  6
2

 17  2 x   17  2 x 
6 y 2  12  102 y  2   12 xy  2  dy
  3y  6   3y  6  S2:Substitute
dx
3 y 2  6
2

18 y 4  72 y 2  72  1734 y  408 xy  24 x 2 y d2y

 S3: Simplify
3 y  6
3
2
dx 2

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

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 Modul I Love Maths

PARAMETRIC DIFFERENTIATION

1ST DERIVATIVE

x  4  t3 y  t 2  2t  2 S1:Differentiate x and y with respect to t

dx dy
 3t 2  2t  2
dt dt
dy dy dt dy dy dt
  S2: Form a Chain Rule  
dx dt dx dx dt dx
dy 1
  2t  2   S3: Substitute into Chain Rule formulae
dx 3t 2
dy 2t  2 2 2 2 1
  t  t S4: Simplify
dx 3t 2 3 3
2nd DERIVATIVE
S1: Form a Chain Rule
2
d y d  dy  dt d 2 y d  dy  dt
      
dx 2 dt  dx  dx dx 2 dt  dx  dx
d 2 y d  2 2 2 1  1
  t  t  dy dt
dx 2 dt  3 3  3t 2 S2: Differentiate and multiply with
dx dx
d 2 y  4 3 2 2  1
   t  t 
dx 2  3 3  3t 2
 4 2  1
   3  2 
 3t 3t  3t
2

4 2
 5 4
9t 9t
4  2t S3: Simplify

9t 5

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

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 Modul I Love Maths

TOPIC 10: APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIATION

EXTREMUM PROBLEMS OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

7 2 Hydrogen is being inflated into a spherical

y  x3  x  6x  8 balloon at a constant rate at 2.5cm3s-1.find the
2
rate of increase of the radius when the radius
of the balloon is 1.563.
STEP 1 FIND CRITICAL NUMBER Step 1 :Write down the info
f  x  0 or f  x does not exist. dV
 2.5
dt
dy
 3x 2  7 x  6 dr
dx ?
dt
3x 2  7 x  6  0
 3x  2  x  3  0 Step 2: Write the equation
2 4
x  , x  3 V   r3
3 3
STEP 2 FIND EXTREMUM Step 3: Form a chain rule
METHOD 1: 1st derivative
dr dr dV
 2 2   
 , 3  3, 3   3 ,   dt dV dt
value -4 0 1
dy + - +
Step 4: Based on Chain Rule above,
dx differentiate the equation
conclusion
4
V   r3
 61   2 158  3
Max point   3,  , Min point  , 
 2  3 27  dV
 4 r 2
dr
METHOD 2: 2nd derivative
dy Step 5: Substitute into the Chain Rule
 3x 2  7 x  6
dx dr dr dV
 
d2y dt dV dt
 6x  7 Substitute
dx 2 critical dr 1
  2.5
d2y number dt 4 r 2
x 3  6  3  7  11  0, Max dr 1
dx 2 d2y   2.5
into
d2y dx 2 dt r 1.563 4 1.563 2
2
2  6    7  11  0, Min
dx 2 x 3 0.256
3 

 61   2 158 
Max point   3,  , Min point  , 
 2  3 27 

By: Madam Nuraini Abdullah

Kolej Matrikulasi Pahang
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