Health and Safety

Executive

Health and safety made simple

The basics for your business

Introduction
This guide is for employers and those who want some basic information on what they
must do to make sure their businesses comply with health and safety law.

Managing health and safety doesn’t have to be complicated, costly or time-

consuming. In fact it’s easier than you think. If you have taken reasonable steps to
prevent accidents or harm to your employees (and the injury or illness was caused
after 1 October 2013), you shouldn’t have to pay compensation.

For many businesses, all that’s required is a basic series of practical tasks that
This is a web-friendly version protect people from harm and at the same time protect the future success and the
of leaflet INDG449(rev1), growth of your business. This guide will take you through the steps and help you
published 08/14 make sure you have done what you need to – and no more.

In general, health and safety laws apply to all businesses. As an employer, or a

self-employed person, you are responsible for health and safety in your business.
Health and safety laws are there to protect you, your employees and the public from
workplace dangers.

The approach you take should be proportionate to the size of your business and the
nature of your business activity. For most small, low-risk businesses the steps you need
to take are straightforward. If you have fewer than five employees you don’t have to
write down your risk assessment or your health and safety policy.

How the guide can help you

This guide makes life easier for you by providing the basic information on what you
need to do in one place. It will help you get started in managing health and safety in
your business.

Following this guidance is normally enough to comply with the law. You are free to
take other action, except where the guidance says you must do something specific.
We’ve introduced the H&S ABC
logo onto guidance and tools For some work activities there may be extra things you need to do. Throughout the
to show small and medium- guide there are web links that will take you to further information on the HSE website.
sized businesses just how
straightforward health and
safety can be. So when they Stop check!
see the logo, they know that This guide includes ‘Stop check!’ boxes – they tell you when you may need to take
it’s designed specifically with extra steps and provide signposts to more detailed guidance and industry-specific
them in mind. advice.

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 Health and Safety
Executive

Decide who will help you with

your duties
As an employer, you must appoint someone competent to help you
meet your health and safety duties. A competent person is someone with the
necessary skills, knowledge and experience to manage health and safety.

If you run a low-risk business, health and safety is something you can manage
without needing to buy in expert help. Here you could appoint yourself as a
competent person or one or more of your workers.

However, if you are not confident of your ability to manage all health and safety
in-house, or if you are a higher-risk business, you may need some external help
or advice.

Deciding what help you need is very important. Unless you are clear about what
you want, you probably won’t get the help you need. Use the web links below to
get more information and to help you ask the right questions:

■■ Get competent advice (www.hse.gov.uk/business/competent-advice.htm)

■■ HSE leaflet: Getting specialist help with health and safety
(www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg420.htm)

Write a health and safety policy

for your business
Describing how you will manage health and safety in your business will let your staff
and others know about your commitment to health and safety. This will be your
health and safety policy. It should clearly say who does what, when and how.

If you have fewer than five employees you don’t have to write down your
health and safety policy.

The policy does not need to be complicated or time-consuming. To help you, we

have created a template that you can download and complete.

The template also includes a section for your risk assessment so that you can
record everything in one document. Use the copy at the back of this guide or you
can find it online (www.hse.gov.uk/risk/risk-assessment-and-policy-template.doc).

We also provide an example health and safety policy to give you an idea of what
to include when writing your own (www.hse.gov.uk/risk/health-and-safety-policy-
example.doc).

A policy will only be effective if you and your staff follow it and review it regularly.

Health and safety made simple: The basics for your business Page 2 of 12
 Health and Safety
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Control the risks in your business

You must control the health and safety risks in your workplace.

To do this you need to think about what, in your business, might cause harm to
people and decide whether you are taking reasonable steps to prevent that harm.
This is known as a risk assessment. You are probably already taking steps to
protect your employees, but your risk assessment will tell you whether you have
covered all you need to.

A risk assessment is not about creating huge amounts of paperwork, but

rather about identifying sensible measures to control the risks in your
workplace.

You should record your significant findings, but there is no need to record
everyday risks. Keep it simple and focus on controls. If you have fewer than five
employees you don’t have to write anything down.

The law does not expect you to remove all risks, but to protect people by putting
in place measures to control those risks, so far as reasonably practicable. Your risk
assessment need only include what you could reasonably be expected to know –
you are not expected to anticipate unforeseeable risks.

For most low-risk businesses controlling risks is straightforward. HSE has created
tools to help you. We have online risk assessment tools to help businesses working
in offices and shops complete their risk assessment quickly (www.hse.gov.uk/risk/
assessment.htm).

We also have a selection of example risk assessments (www.hse.gov.uk/risk/

casestudies). They show you what a completed risk assessment might look like for
your type of business. You can use these as a guide when doing your own.

An easy way to record your findings is to use the risk assessment template. This
template also includes a section for your health and safety policy so you can record
everything in one place. You can find it online (www.hse.gov.uk/risk/risk-assessment-
and-policy-template.doc) or use the copy at the back of this guide.

How do I assess the risks in my workplace?

A good starting point is to walk around your workplace and look for any hazards
(things that may cause harm).

Then think about the risk, which is the chance, high or low, of somebody being
harmed by a hazard, and how serious the harm could be.

Think about how accidents could happen and who might be harmed. Ask your
employees what they think the hazards are, as they may notice things that are not
obvious to you and may have some good ideas on how to control the risks.

Concentrate on the real risks – those that are most likely to cause harm. Consider
the measures you are already taking to control the risks and ask if you have
covered all you need to do.

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 Health and Safety
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Once you have identified the risks and what you need to do to control them, you
should put the appropriate measures in place.

Then record your significant findings. Any paperwork you produce should help you
to manage the risks in your business and tell people what they need to know. For
most people this does not need to be a big exercise – just note the main points
down about the significant risks and what you concluded.

If you have fewer than five employees you don’t have to write anything down.

You can get more help and ideas on ways to control your risks by going to the risk
management pages on our website (www.hse.gov.uk/risk).

Few workplaces stay the same and sooner or later you will bring in new equipment,
substances or procedures that could lead to new hazards. It makes sense to review
your risk assessment on a regular basis. If anything significant changes, check your risk
assessment and update it.

Stop check!

Don’t forget to consider everyone who could be harmed

■ Some workers may have particular requirements. You can get more help on our
diversity pages (www.hse.gov.uk/diversity).
■ Think about homeworkers, and people who might not be in the workplace all the
time, such as visitors, contractors and maintenance workers.
■ Take members of the public into account, if they could be hurt by your work
activities.
■ If you share a workplace with another business, you will need to consider how
your work affects others and how their work affects you and your staff. Talk to
each other and work together to make sure controls are in place.

High-risk activity

■ For some activities that are recognised to carry high risks there are particular
control measures beyond those set out in this guide that are required by law. The
HSE website (www.hse.gov.uk) has information on specific activities and industries
to help you decide what you need to do about the risks.
■ A few examples are working at height, working with chemicals or other dangerous
substances, working with machinery, gas, electricity and asbestos or working
within explosive atmospheres. Depending on the type of work you do, there may
be other risks that are relevant to your business.
■ If you carry out a high-risk activity, check whether you need to obtain a licence
or notify someone before you start work. See our website for further information
and all the necessary notification forms
(https://www.hse.gov.uk/forms/notification/index.htm).

Health and safety made simple: The basics for your business Page 4 of 12
 Health and Safety
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Consult your employees

You have to consult all your employees on health and safety. This does not need to
be complicated. You can do this by listening and talking to them about:

■■ health and safety and the work they do;

■■ how risks are controlled;
■■ the best ways of providing information and training.

Consultation is a two-way process, allowing staff to raise concerns and influence

decisions on the management of health and safety.

Your employees are often the best people to understand risks in the workplace
and involving them in making decisions shows them that you take their health and
safety seriously.

In a very small business, you might choose to consult your employees directly.
Alternatively, you might consult through a health and safety representative, chosen
by your employees or selected by a trade union. As an employer, you cannot
decide who will be the representative.

See the ‘do your bit’ pages on our website for more information on consulting with
your employees (www.hse.gov.uk/involvement/doyourbit).

These pages include:

■■ advice on what you should be doing;

■■ a step-by-step guide;
■■ case studies.

Provide training and information

Everyone who works for you needs to know how to work safely and without risks to
health. You must provide clear instructions and information, and adequate training,
for your employees.

Consider how much training is necessary. A proportionate approach is needed, for

example a low-risk business would not need lengthy technical training. Providing
simple information or instructions is likely to be sufficient.

Don’t forget contractors and self-employed people who may be working for you and
make sure everyone has the right level of information on:

■■ hazards and risks they may face, if any;

■■ measures in place to deal with those hazards and risks, if necessary;
■■ how to follow any emergency procedures.

When you provide training, ask your employees what they think about it, to make
sure it’s relevant and effective. Keeping training records will help you to identify when
refresher training might be needed.

The information and training you provide should be in a form that is easy to
understand. Everyone working for you should know what they are expected to do.
Health and safety made simple: The basics for your business Page 5 of 12
 Health and Safety
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Health and safety training should take place during working hours and it must not
be paid for by employees. There are many external trainers who will be able to help
you with your training needs but effective training can often be done ‘in-house’.

For more advice, see HSE’s leaflet Health and safety training: A brief guide
(www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg345.htm).

Stop check!
Some of your staff may have particular health and safety training needs, for example:

■■ new recruits;
■■ people changing jobs or taking on extra responsibilities;
■■ young employees, who are particularly vulnerable to accidents;
■■ health and safety representatives.

Our website provides more information on laws relating to the protection of young
people at work (www.hse.gov.uk/youngpeople) and the functions and training of
health and safety representatives (www.hse.gov.uk/involvement/training.htm).

Provide the right workplace facilities

You must provide the right workplace facilities for everyone in your workplace,
including people with disabilities. However, this doesn’t have to be complicated or
time-consuming.

Basic things you need to consider are outlined below.

Welfare facilities

For your employees’ well-being you need to provide:

■■ toilets and hand basins, with soap and towels or a hand-dryer;

■■ drinking water;
■■ a place to store clothing (and somewhere to change if special clothing is worn
for work);
■■ somewhere to rest and eat meals.

Health issues

To have a healthy working environment, make sure there is:

■■ good ventilation – a supply of fresh, clean air drawn from outside or a ventilation
system;
■■ a reasonable working temperature (usually at least 16 ºC, or 13 ºC for strenuous
work, unless other laws require lower temperatures);
■■ lighting suitable for the work being carried out;
■■ enough room space and suitable workstations and seating;
■■ a clean workplace with appropriate waste containers.

Health and safety made simple: The basics for your business Page 6 of 12
 Health and Safety
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Safety issues

To keep your workplace safe you must:

■■ properly maintain your premises and work equipment;

■■ keep floors and traffic routes free from obstruction;
■■ have windows that can be opened and also cleaned safely;
■■ make sure that any transparent (eg glass) doors or walls are protected or made
of safety material.

You can find more detailed information at www.hse.gov.uk/toolbox/workplace.

Stop check!
There are specific laws relating to some higher-risk workplaces, such as construction
sites. For more information, select your workplace from HSE’s industries page
(www.hse.gov.uk/guidance/industries.htm).

Make arrangements for first aid,

accidents and ill health
First aid

You must have first-aid arrangements in your workplace.

You are responsible for making sure your employees receive immediate attention
if they are taken ill or are injured at work. Accidents and illness can happen at any
time and first aid can save lives and prevent minor injuries from becoming major
ones.

Your arrangements will depend on the particular circumstances in your workplace

and you need to assess what your first-aid needs are.

As a minimum, you must have:

■■ a suitably stocked first-aid box;

■■ an appointed person to take charge of first-aid arrangements;
■■ information for all employees giving details of first-aid arrangements.

You might decide that you need a first-aider. This is someone who has been
trained by a competent first-aid training provider.

More detailed information can be found on the first-aid pages on our website
(www.hse.gov.uk/firstaid).

Accidents and ill health

Under health and safety law, you must report and keep a record of certain injuries,
incidents and cases of work-related disease.

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 Health and Safety
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You can find out which ones must be reported and how to report them on our
website (www.hse.gov.uk/riddor).

Keeping records will help you to identify patterns of accidents and injuries, and will
help when completing your risk assessment. Your insurance company may also
want to see your records if there is a work-related claim.

Stop check!

■■ Make sure you protect people’s personal details by storing records

confidentially in a secure place.
■■ If you have more than ten employees, or own or occupy a mine, quarry or
factory, you must keep an accident book under social security law.
■■ You can buy an accident book from HSE Books (http://books.hse.gov.uk) or
record the details in your own record system.

Display the health and safety law

poster
If you employ anyone, you must display the health and safety law poster, or provide
each worker with a copy of the equivalent pocket card. You must display the
poster where your workers can easily read it.

The poster outlines British health and safety laws and includes a straightforward list
that tells workers what they and their employers need to do.

You can also add details of any employee safety representatives or health and
safety contacts if you wish to do so.

You can get copies of the poster and pocket card from HSE Books
(www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/lawposter.htm).

Stop check!
A revised version of the health and safety law poster was published in 2009 and,
as of 5 April 2014, you are obliged to display it or give workers the equivalent
leaflet.

It makes it easier for employers and saves time by removing the requirement
to enter details of the local enforcing authority and the Employment Medical
Advisory Service.

Health and safety made simple: The basics for your business Page 8 of 12
 Health and Safety
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Get insurance for your business

If your business has employees you will probably need employers’ liability insurance.

If an employee is injured or becomes ill as a result of the work they do for you, they
can claim compensation from you. Meeting your health and safety duties is easier
than you think. As long as you have taken reasonable steps to prevent accidents or
harm to your employees (and the injury or illness was caused after 1 October 2013),
you shouldn’t have to pay compensation.

However, if a court finds you are liable, employers’ liability insurance will help you to
pay any compensation for your employees’ injuries or illness.

Only a few businesses are not required to have employers’ liability insurance. If you
have no employees, or are a family business and all employees are closely related to
you, you may not need it.

For further details see our leaflet Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act
1969: A brief guide for employers (www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/hse40.htm).

How do you get employers’ liability insurance?

You can buy employers’ liability insurance through insurers or intermediaries like
brokers or trade associations. You may find that it often comes as part of an
insurance package designed to cover a range of business needs.

Your policy must be with an authorised insurer and the Financial Conduct Authority
(FCA) has a list of these. You can check their register on the FCA website
(www.fca.org.uk).

Keep your business up to date

Following news and events in your industry will help you keep your health and safety
policies and risk assessments up to date. You can access HSE news in the way that
suits you best:

■■ RSS news feeds to your computer or mobile (www.hse.gov.uk/news/rss)

■■ Free ebulletins (www.hse.gov.uk/news/subscribe)
■■ Podcasts (www.hse.gov.uk/podcasts)

Where can you go for help?

We’ve organised our website (www.hse.gov.uk) by industry and topic to help you
find what’s relevant to you.   

Help is also available through trade unions, employers’ organisations and trade
associations.

Health and safety made simple: The basics for your business Page 9 of 12
 Health and safety policy
This is the statement of general policy and arrangements for: (Name of company)

(Name of Employer/Senior manager) has overall and final responsibility for health and safety

(Member of staff) has day-to-day responsibility for ensuring this policy is put into practice

Responsibility of: Action/Arrangements

Statement of general policy
Name/Title (customise to meet your own situation)

Prevent accidents and cases of work-related ill health by            

managing the health and safety risks in the workplace
Provide clear instructions and information, and adequate      
training, to ensure employees are competent to do their work
Engage and consult with employees on day-to-day health            
and safety conditions
Implement emergency procedures – evacuation in case of
fire or other significant incident. You can find help with your
fire risk assessment at:
https://www.gov.uk/workplace-fire-safety-your-responsibilities

Maintain safe and healthy working conditions, provide and      

maintain plant, equipment and machinery, and ensure safe      
storage/use of substances

Signed: (Employer) Date:

Health and safety made simple: The basics for your business
You should review your policy if you think it might no longer be valid, eg if circumstances change.
If you have fewer than five employees, you don’t have to write down your policy.

Health and safety law poster is displayed at: (location)
     
First-aid box is located:
     
Accident book is located: Date:     

Accidents and ill health at work reported under RIDDOR (Reporting of Injuries, Diseases

Page 10 of 12
and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations) www.hse.gov.uk/riddor
To get an interactive version of this template go to: Combined risk assessment and policy template published by
www.hse.gov.uk/risk/risk-assessment-and-policy-template.doc the Health and Safety Executive 08/14
 Risk assessment
All employers must conduct a risk assessment.
If you have fewer than five employees you don’t have to write anything down.

Company name: Date of risk assessment:

What are the Who might be harmed What are you already doing? Do you need to do anything Action by who? Action by when? Done
hazards? and how? else to control this risk?

Health and safety made simple: The basics for your business

You should review your risk assessment if you think it might no longer be valid (eg following To get an interactive version of this template go to:
an accident in the workplace or if there are any significant changes to hazards, such as new www.hse.gov.uk/risk/risk-assessment-and-policy-template.doc

Page 11 of 12
work equipment or work activities)
Combined risk assessment and policy template published by
For further information and to view our example risk assessments go to: the Health and Safety Executive 08/14
www.hse.gov.uk/risk/casestudies
 Health and Safety
Executive

Further information
Please tell us what you think of this guide by emailing us at:
healthandsafety.madesimple@hse.gsi.gov.uk.

For information about health and safety, or to report inconsistencies or inaccuracies

in this guidance, visit www.hse.gov.uk/. You can view HSE guidance online and
order priced publications from the website. HSE priced publications are also
available from bookshops.

This guidance is issued by the Health and Safety Executive. Following the guidance
is not compulsory, unless specifically stated, and you are free to take other action.
But if you do follow the guidance you will normally be doing enough to comply with
the law. Health and safety inspectors seek to secure compliance with the law and
may refer to this guidance.

This leaflet is available at www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg449.htm

© Crown copyright 2014 If you wish to reuse this information visit

www.hse.gov.uk/copyright.htm for details. First published 08/14.

We’ve introduced the H&S ABC

logo onto guidance and tools
to show small and medium-
sized businesses just how
straightforward health and
safety can be. So when they
see the logo, they know that
it’s designed specifically with
them in mind.

Published by the Health and Safety Executive 08/14 INDG449(rev1) Page 12 of 12