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Introduction To Data Science-Python

Python can be run in several ways: through the Python interpreter, Python console, or IPython console. The Anaconda distribution helps manage Python packages and environments. Python uses indentation rather than curly braces to delimit code blocks. Comments start with # and modules must be imported to use features they contain. Variables are created on assignment and types are associated with objects, not variables. Strings can be concatenated with + and repeated with *, and come in single, double, or triple-quoted forms.

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RM1966
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43 views

Introduction To Data Science-Python

Python can be run in several ways: through the Python interpreter, Python console, or IPython console. The Anaconda distribution helps manage Python packages and environments. Python uses indentation rather than curly braces to delimit code blocks. Comments start with # and modules must be imported to use features they contain. Variables are created on assignment and types are associated with objects, not variables. Strings can be concatenated with + and repeated with *, and come in single, double, or triple-quoted forms.

Uploaded by

RM1966
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction do Data Science

Python Review
Different ways to run python
• Call python program via python interpreter from a Unix/windows
command line
– $ python testScript.py
– Or make the script directly executable, with additional header lines in the
script
• Using python console
– Typing in python statements. Limited functionality
>>> 3 +3
6
>>> exit()
• Using ipython console
– Typing in python statements. Very interactive.
In [167]: 3+3
Out [167]: 6
– Typing in %run testScript.py
– Many convenient “magic functions”
Anaconda for python3
Conda
• conda install -c conda-forge numpy

• conda install -c anaconda pandas

• conda install -c conda-forge matplotlib

• conda install -c anaconda seaborn


• conda update jupyter

• conda install -c conda-forge notebook

• conda install -c conda-forge jupyterlab

• jupyter notebook

• jupyter lab
https://www.datacamp.com/community/tutorials/tutorial-jupyter-notebook
Formatting
• Many languages use curly braces to delimit blocks of code. Python
uses indentation. Incorrect indentation causes error.
• Comments start with #
• Colons start a new block in many constructs, e.g. function
definitions, if-then clause, for, while

for i in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:


# first line in "for i" block
print (i)
for j in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:
# first line in "for j" block
print (j)
# last line in "for j" block
print (i + j)
# last line in "for i" block print "done looping
print (i)
print ("done looping”)
• Whitespace is ignored inside parentheses and
brackets.
long_winded_computation = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 +
9 + 10 + 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 +
15 + 16 + 17 + 18 + 19 + 20)

list_of_lists = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]

easier_to_read_list_of_lists =
[ [1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9] ]

Alternatively:
long_winded_computation = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + \
9 + 10 + 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 + \
15 + 16 + 17 + 18 + 19 + 20
Modules
• Certain features of Python are not loaded by
default
• In order to use these features, you’ll need to
import the modules that contain them.
• E.g.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
Variables and objects
• Variables are created the first time it is assigned a
value
– No need to declare type
– Types are associated with objects not variables
• X=5
• X = [1, 3, 5]
• X = ‘python’
– Assignment creates references, not copies
X = [1, 3, 5]
Y= X
X[0] = 2
Print (Y) # Y is [2, 3, 5]
Assignment
• You can assign to multiple names at the same
time
x, y = 2, 3
• To swap values
x, y = y, x
• Assignments can be chained
x=y=z=3
• Accessing a name before it’s been created (by
assignment), raises an error
Arithmetic
• a=5+2 # a is 7
• b = 9 – 3. # b is 6.0
• c=5*2 # c is 10
• d = 5**2 # d is 25
• e=5%2 # e is 1

Built in numerical types: int, float, complex


• f=7/2
# in python 2, f will be 3, unless “from __future__
import division”
• f = 7 / 2 # in python 3 f = 3.5
• f = 7 // 2 # f = 3 in both python 2 and 3
• f = 7 / 2. # f = 3.5 in both python 2 and 3

• f = 7 / float(2) # f is 3.5 in both python 2 and 3


• f = int(7 / 2) # f is 3 in both python 2 and 3
String - 1
• Strings can be delimited by matching single or double
quotation marks
single_quoted_string = 'data science'
double_quoted_string = "data science"
escaped_string = 'Isn\'t this fun'
another_string = "Isn't this fun"

real_long_string = 'this is a really long string. \


It has multiple parts, \
but all in one line.'

• Use triple quotes for multi line strings


multi_line_string = """This is the first line.
and this is the second line
and this is the third line"""
String - 2
• Use raw strings to output backslashes
tab_string = "\t" # represents the tab character
len(tab_string) # is 1

not_tab_string = r"\t" # represents the characters '\' and 't'


len(not_tab_string) # is 2

• Strings can be concatenated (glued together) with the + operator,


and repeated with *
s = 3 * 'un' + 'ium' # s is 'unununium'
• Two or more string literals (i.e. the ones enclosed between quotes)
next to each other are automatically concatenated
s1 = 'Py' 'thon'
s2 = s1 + '2.7'
real_long_string = ('this is a really long string. '
‘It has multiple parts, '
‘but all in one line.‘)

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