Discussion Forum Unit 3

Research on the Internet and discuss the following:
 Mobile Telephones have evolved in a number of ways, from 1G to 4G. Compare

them in terms of Standards used and Features. The submissions should be to
the point and precise.
Features 1G 2G/2.5G/2.75G 3G/3.5G/3.75G 4G/4.5G/4.9G 5G

Evolution/ 1970/1984 1980/1999 1990/2002 2000/2010 2010/2015
development
Technology AMPS,NMT, 2G: GSM, CDMA WCDMA, LTE Advanced, MIMO,
(standards) TACS 2.5G: GPRS, CDMA2000,HS WiMax, mmWaves
EDGE, 1xRTT PDA, EVDO MIMO, OFDM
Technology behind Analog Digital cellular Broad Undefined IP Undefined IP
cellular tech. Bandwidth, and seamless and seamless
tech. CDMA, IP combination combination
technology of broadband, of broadband,
LAN/WAN/PA LAN/WAN/PA
N/WLAN N/WLAN
Frequency 30 Khz 1.8 Ghz 1.6-2 Ghz 2-8 Ghz 3-30 Ghz
Bandwidth 2 kbps 14.4 – 64kbps 2Mbps 2000 Mbps to 1 Gbps and
(Data Rate) 1 Gbps higher
Avg Speeds 2 kbps 40 kbps 300 kbps 25 Mbps 150 Mbps
Range N/A 50 miles 35 miles 10 miles 1000 ft
Multiplexing FDMA TDMA/CDMA CDMA CDMA OFDM/BDMA
Voice Switching Circuit 2G: Circuit Circuit Packet Packet
2.5: Circuit &
Packet
Data Switching Circuit 2G: Circuit Packet Packet Packet
2.5: Circuit &
Packet
Handoff Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal and
and vertical vertical
Core Network PSTN PSTN Packet Internet Internet
Network
Services Voice only 2G: Digital Voice Voice, Data & Voice, Data & Voice, Data &
& SMS Video calling, Video calling, Video calling,
2.5G: Voice GPS, web HD video HD video
+Data browsing, streaming, streaming,
, video wearable wearable
internal roaming, steaming, devices, cloud devices with
conference calls, smartphone computing, AI capabilities,
call hold technologies Internet over IoT, Cloud
such as email, IP, voice over storage
video IP, gaming
downloading, services,..
picture sharing
etc.
communicate Only Only 3G phone can 4G phone can 5G phone can

through other communicat communicate communicate communicate communicate
network e through through itself through 3G, through a 4G, through a
itself network and 2G 3G or even 2G 5G ,4G, 3G or
network networks networks even 2G
networks
The letter "G" stands for "GENERATION." While connected to the internet, the speed of your connection
is determined by the signal strength, which is shown next to the signal bar on your home screen in
alphabetical order such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and so on. Each Generation is defined as a set of telephone
network standards that describe how a specific mobile phone system is implemented technologically. As
the rate of change increases, so does the technology utilized to attain that speed.
1G - First Generation
This was the first cell phone technology generation. In the late 1970s, the first commercial cellular
network was introduced, with fully implemented standards being established throughout the 1980s. 1G
is an analog technology, and the phones had a small battery, had poor speech quality, lacked security,
and experience dropped calls. All these standard’s AMPS, NMT, TACS were analog telecommunications
standards. Later 1G is replaced by 2G digital telecommunications. 1G has a maximum speed of 2.4 Kbps.
2G - Second Generation
2G networks use digital radio signals not analog signals as in 1G. This generation's main goal was to
establish a secure and dependable communication channel. It was the first device to implement the
CDMA and GSM concepts. During the 2G era, cellular phones were utilized for data as well as voice.
Many of the basic services that we still use today were launched with the advancement in technology
from 1G to 2G, such as SMS, internal roaming, conference calls, and call hold. The maximum 2G speed is
50 Kbps with GPRS or 1 Mbps with EDGE.
3G - Third Generation
Most of the wireless technology we know and love was developed during this generation such as web
browsing, email, movie downloading, image sharing, and other features were added. The goals of third
generation mobile communication, which went on sale in 2001, were to allow for increased voice and
data capacity, a larger range of applications, and lower data transmission costs. As its basic network
architecture, the 3G standard employs a new technology known as UMTS. This network combines parts
of the 2G network with new technology and protocols to enable much faster data rates.
4G - Fourth Generation
4G is a significantly different technology from 3G. It was made to provide consumers with high-speed,
high-quality, and high-capacity voice and data services, as well as multimedia and internet over IP, while
enhancing security and lowering costs. Mobile online access, IP voice, gaming services, video
conferencing, and cloud computing are just a few of the potential and present applications. MIMO and
OFDM are the key technologies that have enabled this generation. WiMAX and LTE are the two most
major 4G standards. LTE is a set of enhancements to existing UMTS technology that will be deployed on
Telstra's existing 1800MHz frequency range. When the device is moving, the maximum speed of a 4G
network is 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps. For low mobility communication, such as when stationary or strolling,
latency is decreased from roughly 300ms to less than 100ms, and congestion is greatly reduced. When
4G originally came out, it was just a slight bit faster than 3G. 4G is not the same as 4G LTE, which comes
close to matching the standards' requirements.
5G - Fifth Generation
5G is a generation currently under development, that's intended to improve on 4G. 5G promises

significantly faster data rates, higher connection density, much lower latency, among other
improvements. Some of the plans for 5G include device-to-device communication, better battery
consumption, and improved overall wireless coverage. The max speed of 5G is aimed at being as fast as
35.46 Gbps , which is over 35 times faster than 4G. Key technologies to look out for: Massive MIMO ,
Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications etc. Massive MIMO, millimeter wave, small cells, Li-Fi all the
new technologies from the previous decade could be used to give 10Gb/s to a user, with an unseen low
latency, and allow connections for at least 100 billion devices. Different estimations have been made for
the date of commercial introduction of 5G networks. Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance feel
that 5G should be rolled out by 2020 to meet business and consumer demands.
Reference
Bhalla, M. R., & Bhalla, A. V. (2010). Generations of mobile wireless technology: A survey. International
Journal of Computer Applications, 5(4), 26-32.
Netinformations. (2020) .Net-informations, http://net-informations.com/q/diff/generations.html

Discussion Forum Unit 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Discussion Forum Unit 3

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Discussion Forum Unit 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Research on the Internet and discuss the following:

 Mobile Telephones have evolved in a number of ways, from 1G to 4G. Compare

Features 1G 2G/2.5G/2.75G 3G/3.5G/3.75G 4G/4.5G/4.9G 5G

communicate Only Only 3G phone can 4G phone can 5G phone can

5G is a generation currently under development, that's intended to improve on 4G. 5G promises

Netinformations. (2020) .Net-informations, http://net-informations.com/q/diff/generations.html

You might also like