Astm A484 2020

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles
for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A484/A484M − 20a
Standard Specification for

General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and
Forgings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A484/A484M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
NOTE—Table 1 was corrected editorially and the yeardate changed on May 5, 2020.
1. Scope* used independently of the other, and values from the two
2
1.1 This specification covers general requirements that systems shall not be combined
shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, 1.7 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the
and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) for material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
forging, under the latest revision of each of the following 1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
ASTM specifications: A276/A276M, A314, A458, A477, dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
A479/A479M, A564/A564M, A565/A565M, A582/A582M, ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
A638/A638M, A705/A705M, and A831/A831M. Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
product specification and a requirement of this specification, Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict
between a requirement of the product specification or a 2. Referenced Documents
requirement of this specification and a more stringent require- 2.1 ASTM Standards:3
ment of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular
The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product A276/A276M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and
specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a Shapes
test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent. A314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for
1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials in Forging
specifications referencing this specification are given in Annex A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
A1. of Steel Products
A458 Specification for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold-Worked, and
1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel prod- Cold-Worked Alloy Steel Bars for High Strength at
ucts other than bar are covered in Specification A480/A480M. Elevated Temperatures (Withdrawn 1988)4
1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are A477 Specification for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold Worked and
covered in Specification A555/A555M. Cold-Worked Alloy Steel Forgings and Forging Billets for
High Strength at Elevated Temperatures (Withdrawn
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
1988)4
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
A479/A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
A480/A480M Specification for General Requirements for
Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,
Sheet, and Strip
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3
A01.17 on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 5, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as A484/A484M – 20. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0484_A0484M-20A. the ASTM website.
2 4
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications, see related Specifi- The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
cation SA-484/SA-484M in Section II of that code. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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1
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A484/A484M − 20a
TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances
NOTE 1—This table specifies tolerances over the maximum limits or under the minimum limits of the chemical requirements of the applicable material
specification (see 1.1); it does not apply to heat analysis.
Tolerances over the Tolerances over the
Upper Limit or Maxi-
Upper Limit of Maximum Maximum (Upper Limit) Maximum (Upper Limit)
Element Element mum of Specified
of Specified Range, % or Under the Minimum or Under the Minimum
Range, %
(Lower Limit) (Lower Limit)
Carbon to 0.010, incl 0.002 Cobalt over 0.05 to 0.50, incl 0.01
over 0.010 to 0.030, incl 0.005 over 0.50 to 2.00, incl 0.02
over 15.00 to 22.00, incl 0.20
Manganese to 1.00, incl 0.03 over 22.00 to 30.00, incl 0.25
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.04
over 3.00 to 6.00, incl 0.05 ColumbiumA + Tantalum to 1.50, incl 0.05
over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.10 over 5.00 0.15
over 15.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15
Tantalum to 0.10, incl 0.02
Phosphorus to 0.040, incl 0.005
over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010 Copper to 0.50, incl 0.03
over 0.50 to 1.00, incl 0.05
Sulfur to 0.040, incl 0.005 over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10
Silicon to 1.00, incl 0.05 Aluminum to 0.15, incl −0.005, +0.01

over 3.00 to 7.00 incl 0.15 over 0.50 to 2.00, incl 0.10
over 2.00 to 5.00, incl 0.20
Chromium over 4.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10 over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.35
over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.15
over 15.00 to 20.00, incl 0.20 Nitrogen to 0.02, incl 0.005
over 0.19 to 0.25, incl 0.02
Nickel† to 1.00, incl 0.03 over 0.25 to 0.35, incl 0.03
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10 over 0.45 0.05
over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15
over 20.00 to 30.00, incl 0.20 Tungsten to 1.00, incl 0.03
over 40.00 0.30 over 2.00 to 5.00, incl 0.07
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10
Molybdenum over 0.20 to 0.60, incl 0.03 over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15
over 0.60 to 2.00, incl 0.05
over 2.00 to 7.00, incl 0.10 Vanadium to 0.50, incl 0.03
over 15.00 to 30.00, incl 0.20
Selenium all 0.03
Titanium to 1.00, incl 0.05
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.07
over 3.00 0.10
† Editorially corrected.
A
Columbium (Cb) and niobium (Nb) are considered interchangeable names for element 41 in the periodic table and both names are acceptable for use.
A555/A555M Specification for General Requirements for A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods for Steel Products for Shipment
A564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold- A705/A705M Specification for Age-Hardening Stainless
Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes Steel Forgings
A565/A565M Specification for Martensitic Stainless Steel A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
Bars for High-Temperature Service cal Analysis of Steel Products
A582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless A831/A831M Specification for Austenitic and Martensitic
Steel Bars Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings for Liquid
A638/A638M Specification for Precipitation Hardening Iron Metal Cooled Reactor Core Components (Withdrawn
Base Superalloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for 2005)4
High-Temperature Service E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
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A484/A484M − 20a
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, straightening, meeting the permitted variations in length as
and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials listed in the tolerance tables of this specification.
2.2 Federal Standards:5 3.1.6 finish, n—description of the surface finish and appli-
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies) cable dimensional tolerances of the product as delivered, most
Fed Std. No. 183 Continuous Marking of Iron and Steel typically by identification of the process applied to the product,
Products and identification of the applicable category of product dimen-
2.3 Military Standards:5 sional tolerances; examples of finishing operations include
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage blasting, pickling, rough turning, machine straightening, cen-
MIL-STD-163 Preservation of Steel Products for Shipment terless grinding, polishing, and light cold drawing for surface
(Storage and Overseas Shipment) finish but not for increased mechanical properties; see also
2.4 Other Standard:6 8.1.1 for hot-finished bars and 8.1.3 for cold-finished bars.
Primary Metals Bar Code Standard 3.1.7 forgings, n—parts, including bars, billets, semi-
finished products, or complex shapes, produced by hot me-
3. Terminology chanical working using hammers, presses, or forging ma-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: chines.
3.1.1 bars, n—straight lengths that are produced by process- 3.1.8 multiple lengths, n—lengths that are specified as
ing that includes hot deformation, such as rolling, forging, or containing a predetermined number of units of length associ-
extrusion; the permitted cross-sections include round, ated with production of a particular part, commonly including
rectangular, and complex shapes; shall include shapes with all an allowance of 1⁄4 in. [6.5 mm] per unit for cutting to insure
dimensions under 5 in. [125 mm]; shall include hot-rolled flats obtaining the required number of pieces.
with width of 10 in. [250 mm] or less, and with thickness
0.125 in. [3.00 mm] or greater; shall include flats with width of 3.1.9 random lengths, n—a length range not less than 24 in.
10 in. [250 mm] or less, and with thickness 0.125 in. [3.00 mm] [1 m]; for example, 10 to 12 ft [3 to 4 m], 14 to 17 ft [4 to 5 m],
or greater, cut from strip or plate provided that the long or 15 to 20 ft [5 to 6 m].
direction of the cut bar is parallel to the final rolling direction 3.1.10 shapes, n—bar having a cross section other than
of the strip or plate. circular, rectangular, or hexagonal.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—All cold-reduced flat material with 3.1.11 slabs or sheet bars, n—products, typically produced
thickness less than 0.1875 in. [5.00 mm] and width 0.375 in. by blooming, slabbing, or sheet bar mills or by continuous
[9.50 mm] and over is classified as strip. casting, that are shipped without further hot working to be
3.1.2 billets, n—semi-finished products, typically produced further processed into plate, sheet, or strip; it is permitted to
by rolling, forging, or continuous casting, that require subse- heat treat, cut to shape, or surface condition a slab or sheet bar.
quent hot working by rolling, forging, or extrusion; typically
have a cross-section area of 36 in.2 [230 cm2] or less and shape 4. Ordering Information
that is square or rectangular with width less than twice the 4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
thickness; rectangular cross sections with width equal to or requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
greater than twice the thickness are classified as slabs or sheet specification. Such requirements to be considered include, but
bars. are not limited to, the following:
3.1.3 blooms, n—semi-finished products, typically produced 4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
by rolling or continuous casting, that require subsequent hot 4.1.2 Dimensions, including shape or form with diameter or
working by rolling or forging; typically have a cross section width and thickness as applicable, length, and prints or
area of greater than 36 in.2 (230 cm2) and shape that is square sketches as applicable,
or rectangular with width less than twice the thickness; 4.1.3 Type or UNS designation,
rectangular cross sections with width equal to or greater than 4.1.4 ASTM specification designation and edition year if
twice the thickness are classified as slabs or sheet bars. other than the latest edition,
3.1.4 condition, n—identification of the final step or steps 4.1.5 Condition,
thermomechanical processing as required to describe the met- 4.1.6 Finish,
allurgical state of the material as delivered (examples include 4.1.7 Supplementary Requirements when invoked,
hot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed, 4.1.8 Whether bars are to be rolled as bars or cut from strip
and cold-worked for increased mechanical properties; and or plate, when applicable,
hot-worked, quenched, and tempered). 4.1.9 Preparation for delivery,
3.1.5 dead lengths or exact lengths, n—bars, typically 4.1.10 Marking requirements,
hot-sheared, hot-sawed, or machine-cut after machine- 4.1.11 Surface preparation, for shapes, and
4.1.12 Special requirements.
5
Available from Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 5000 lb
Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 or from http://assist.daps.dla.mil. [2000 kg]; 1.000 in. [25 mm] round bar by 10 to 12 ft [3 to 4 m]; Type 304
6
Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., or S30400; Specification A479/A479M; annealed, centerless ground; plus
Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http://www.aiag.org. optional requirements, such as special marking instructions.
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A484/A484M − 20a
5. Materials and Manufacture 6.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for
the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the
5.1 The material shall be made by any process.
requirements of another grade in the referencing product
5.2 The material shall be furnished in one of the conditions specification, and any of the product specifications within the
detailed in the applicable product specification, for example, scope of this general requirements specification, for which that
hot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed, element has a specified minimum.
and cold-worked; or hot-worked, annealed, and heat-treated.
7. Heat Treatment
5.3 The material shall be furnished in one of the finishes as
detailed in Section 8 or further described in the applicable 7.1 The heat treatments shown in this section are to be
product specification, for example, hot-finished or cold- followed unless otherwise specified in the applicable product
finished. specification.
7.2 Austenitic Grades:
6. Chemical Composition 7.2.1 Except for strain-hardened grades (see 7.2.4), hot-
rolled grades (see 7.2.5), and UNS N08020 (see 7.2.6), all
6.1 Heat or Cast Analysis—The chemical analysis of each
austenitic stainless steels shall be furnished in the solution
heat shall be determined in accordance with the applicable
annealed condition in accordance with Table 2, with subse-
materials specification and Test Methods, Practices, and Ter-
quent light cold drawing for cold finishing and straightening
minology A751.
permitted.
6.1.1 The analysis of each heat shall be made from a test
7.2.2 Except as indicated in Table 2, the austenitic grades
sample taken during the pouring of the melt or from the
shall be annealed, at the option of the manufacturer, by a
in-process product later in the manufacturing flow.
separate annealing treatment or by process annealing.
6.1.2 The heat analysis shall conform to the chemical 7.2.2.1 The separate annealing treatment shall consist of
requirements for each of the specified elements for the grade heating the material to the minimum annealing temperature for
ordered, as listed in the applicable product specification. the grade as listed in Table 2, holding for a sufficient time to
6.1.3 All commercial metals contain small amounts of permit grain boundary carbides to enter into solution, and
elements other than those which are specified. It is neither cooling rapidly enough to prevent unacceptable grain boundary
practical nor necessary to specify limits for unspecified ele- carbide precipitation. Except as indicated in Table 2, austenitic
ments that can be present. The producer is permitted to analyze stainless steels solution annealed by a separate annealing
for unspecified elements and is permitted to report such treatment shall be capable of meeting the requirements of
analyses. The presence of an unspecified element and the Practice E of Practices A262. Practice E of Practices A262 is
reporting of an analysis for that element shall not be a basis for not required unless specified on the purchase order.
rejection unless the presence of that element cause the loss of 7.2.2.2 Process annealing shall consist of completing hot
a property typically expected for that metal, for the type and working above the minimum annealing temperature required
quality ordered. for each grade as indicated in Table 2, and cooling rapidly
6.1.4 The purchaser is permitted to require in the purchase enough to prevent unacceptable grain boundary carbide pre-
order a maximum limit for an individual element not specified cipitation. Except as indicated in Table 2, austenitic stainless
in the product specification. Such a requirement for an element steels solution annealed by process annealing shall be capable
not listed in the product specification, when acknowledged in of meeting the requirements of Practice E of Practices A262.
the order acceptance, shall be treated as a specified element, Practice E of Practices A262 is not required unless specified on
with determination of chemical analysis and reporting of that the purchase order.
analysis. 7.2.3 For the stabilized grades, Types 321, 321H, 347,
6.1.5 The purchaser is permitted to make the requirements 347H, 348, and 348H, the manufacturer is permitted, if
for any element more stringent, that is, require higher mini- necessary, to use a lower temperature resolution anneal or a
mums for elements having minimum requirements or ranges stabilization anneal after a high temperature anneal in order to
with minimum requirements, or requiring lower maximums for maximize resistance to intergranular corrosion.
elements having specified maximums, or ranges with maxi-
NOTE 2—Solution annealing temperatures above 1950 °F [1065 °C]
mums. The purchaser is not permitted to make chemical may impair the resistance to intergranular corrosion after subsequent
requirements less stringent. exposure to sensitizing conditions for the stabilized grades. When inter-
6.1.6 Analysis limits shall be established for specific granular corrosion is of concern, the purchaser should specify Practice E
elements rather than groups of elements, including but not of Practices A262 (to be conducted on specimens exposed to a sensitizing
treatment). Consideration should be given to the corrosive media before
limited to all others, rare earths, and balance, unless all using a stabilization anneal at less than 1800 °F [980 °C], as such a
elements in such a group are similar in technical effect and are treatment may not be fully effective for all media.
associated in typical methods of chemical analysis.
7.2.4 Strain-Hardened Austenitic Grades—When a particu-
6.2 Product Analysis—When required, a product analysis lar austenitic grade is desired with increased mechanical
shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods, properties, the purchaser is permitted to specify a strain
Practices, and Terminology A751. The chemical composition hardened condition. This condition is produced by solution
thus determined shall conform to the tolerances shown in Table annealing the product in accordance with Table 2, followed by
1. strain hardening sufficient to meet the required mechanical
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A484/A484M − 20a
TABLE 2 Annealing Requirements
Cooling/Testing Permitted AnnealingB
Designation/Type TemperatureA
Requirements Separate Process
Austenitic (Chromium-Nickel)
(Chromium-Nickel-Manganese)
C
All austenitic grades except as listed below 1900 °F [1040 °C] x xD
E
All Cr-Ni-Mn grades, 1900 °F [1040 °C] x xD
302, S30215, S30452, S30600, S30615, 308, S30815,
S30880, 309, 309S, 310, 310S, 314, 317, S31725,
S31726, S32615, S38100
E
309Cb, 310Cb, 316Cb, 316Ti, 321, 347, 348 1900 °F [1040 °C] x
E
304H, 309H, 310H, 316H 1900 °F [1040 °C] x
321H, 347H, 348H
E
Hot-worked 1925 °F [1050 °C] x
E
Cold-worked 2000 °F [1095 °C] x
E
S31254, S32050 2100 °F [1150 °C] x
E
S31727, S32053 1975 ° to 2155 °F [1080° to 1180 °C] x
E
S33228 2050° to 2140 °F [1120° to 1170 °C] x
E
S34565 2050° to 2140 °F [1120° to 1170 °C] x
E
S35315 2010 °F [1100 °C] x
E
N08367 2025 °F [1105 °C] x
E
N08700 2000 °F [1095 °C] x
E
N08020 1700 to 1850 °F [930 to 1010 °C] x
E
N08810 2050 °F [1120 °C] x
E
N08811 2100 °F [1150 °C] x
E
N08904 2000 °F [1095 °C] x
E
N08925, N08926 2010 to 2100 °F [1100 to 1150 °C] x
Austenitic-ferritic
(Duplex)
E
S32100 1900 °F [1040 °C] x xF
E
S31260 1870° to 2010 °F [1020° to 1100 °C] x xF
E
S31266 2100 °F [1150 °C] x
E
S31803 1900 °F [1040 °C] x xF
E
S32101 1870 °F [1020 °C] x xF
E
S32202 1800 to 1975 °F [980 to 1080 °C] x xF
G
S32205 1900 °F [1040 °C] x xF
E
S32304 1800 °F [980 °C] x xF
E
S32506 1870° to 2050 °F [1020° to 1120 °C] x xF
E
S32550 1900 °F [1040 °C] x xF
E
S32750 1880 °F [1025 °C] x xF
E
S32760 2010 °F [1100 °C] x xF
E
S32808 1925 to 2100 °F [1050 to 1150 °C] x xF
E
S32900 1750° ± 25 °F [955°± 15 °C] x xF
E
S32906 1830° to 2100 °F [1000° to 1150 °C] x xF
E
S32950 1850° ± 25 °F [1010°± 15 °C] x xF
E
S82441 1830 °F [1000 °C] x xF
A
Minimum annealing temperature unless otherwise specified.
B
Permitted annealing procedure, see 7.2.2.
C
Quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means at a rate sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of carbides, as demonstrable by the capability of passing Practice E
of Practices A262. Performance of the test is not required unless specified in the purchase order.
D
Minimum temperature at which hot rolling is completed shall be 1850 °F [1010 °C].
E
Quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means.
F
Minimum temperature at which hot rolling is completed shall be the minimum temperature for separate annealing.
G
Quenched in water.
properties. Annealing in accordance with Table 2 is permitted in accordance with Table 2, with subsequent light cold drawing
between strain hardening steps. The solution annealed and for cold finishing and straightening permitted.
strain hardened material shall be capable of meeting the
7.3 Austenitic-ferritic (Duplex) Grades:
intergranular corrosion test requirements of Practice E of
Practices A262. Practice E of Practices A262 is not required 7.3.1 The austenitic-ferritic (duplex) grades shall be fur-
unless specified on the purchase order. nished in the solution annealed condition in accordance with
7.2.4.1 Individual product specifications are permitted to Table 2, with subsequent light cold drawing for cold finishing
define particular strain hardened conditions as functions of and straightening permitted.
grade, size, and degree of strain hardening. 7.3.2 Except as indicated in Table 2, the duplex grades shall
7.2.5 Hot-Rolled Austenitic Grades—Individual product be annealed, at the option of the manufacturer, by a separate
specifications are permitted to define requirements for particu- annealing treatment or by process annealing.
lar hot-rolled austenitic grades without annealing. 7.3.2.1 The separate annealing treatment shall consist of
7.2.6 Except when strain-hardened (see 7.2.4), UNS heating the material to the minimum annealing temperature for
N08020 shall be furnished in the stabilized annealed condition the grade as listed in Table 2, holding for a sufficient time to
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A484/A484M − 20a
permit dissolution of intermetallic phases, and cooling rapidly dimensional tolerances or surface condition for the hot-finished
enough to prevent unacceptable precipitation of intermetallic bar. The dimensional tolerances applicable to hot-finished bars
phases. are less stringent than those applicable to cold-finished bars.
7.3.2.2 Process annealing shall consist of completing hot 8.1.2 Bars Cut from Strip or Plate—Bars cut from flat-rolled
working above the minimum annealing temperature required stainless steel products shall have two surfaces that are pickled
for each grade as indicated in Table 2, and cooling rapidly or descaled, and two cut surfaces, except when the bar is heat
enough to prevent unacceptable precipitation of intermetallic treated subsequent to cutting, in which case all surfaces shall
phases. be descaled or pickled.
7.4 Ferritic Grades—Ferritic grades shall be annealed to 8.1.3 Cold-finished Bar—Cold-finished bars shall have the
meet their respective mechanical testing requirements as surface finish that results from hot-finished bars being further
shown in the applicable product specification. processed by additional mechanical operations on the surface
of the bar, including but not limited to light cold drawing,
7.5 Martensitic Grades: burnishing, centerless grinding, and polishing to provide closer
7.5.1 All martensitic grades shall be supplied in either the tolerances and improved surface finish. The dimensional tol-
annealed condition or in the tempered condition as specified by erances applicable to cold-finished bars are more stringent than
the purchaser. Tempered material shall be normalized, or shall those applicable to hot-finished bars.
be liquid quenched from 1700 °F [925 °C], minimum, fol- 8.1.4 Bars and Billets or Other Semi-finished Material for
lowed by tempering in accordance with 7.5.2, 7.5.3, or 7.5.4. Reforging—Material intended for reforging shall be delivered
7.5.2 Types 403 and 410 tempered material shall be held at in the hot-finished condition or in the cold-drawn condition.
the tempering temperature for at least 1 h/in. (25.4 mm) of The cold-drawn condition alternative is only permitted for
cross section as follows: austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings. When
7.5.2.1 Condition 1—1250 °F [675 °C] minimum, 1400 °F delivered in the hot-finished condition, it is permitted to
[760 °C] maximum. condition the surface by removing surface defects provided
7.5.2.2 Condition 2—1100 °F [595 °C] minimum, 1400 °F that the depth of the conditioning does not exceed that which
[760 °C] maximum. affects the surface condition or dimensions of the article to be
7.5.2.3 Condition 3—1050 °F [565 °C] minimum, 1400 °F forged from the bar or billet. When delivered in the cold-drawn
[760 °C] maximum. condition, it is permitted to hot forge forgings from cold-drawn
7.5.3 Types XM-30, 414, and 431 tempered materials shall bar provided this bar has been cold-drawn from material in the
be held at 1100 °F [595 °C], minimum for at least 1 h/in. solution-annealed condition.
[25 mm] of cross section. Maximum tempering temperature 8.1.5 Shapes—Shapes shall be descaled by machining,
shall be 1400 °F [760 °C]. grinding, blasting, or pickling.
7.5.4 S41500 shall be heated to 1750 °F [955 °C] minimum, 8.1.5.1 Shapes shall be subject to either Class A or Class C
air cooled to 200 °F [95 °C] or lower prior to any optional surface preparation as specified on the purchase order. Class A
intermediate temper and prior to the final temper. The final consists of grinding for the removal of imperfections of a
temper shall be between 1050 °F [565 °C] and 1150 °F hazardous nature, such as fins, tears, and jagged edges,
[620 °C]. provided the underweight tolerance is not exceeded and the
7.5.5 When the purchaser elects to perform the hardening maximum depth of grinding at any one point does not exceed
and tempering heat treatment, martensitic materials shall be 10 % of the thickness of the section. Class C consists of
supplied by the manufacturer in the annealed condition (see grinding for the removal of all visible surface imperfections,
7.5.1). In this case the purchaser shall be responsible to apply provided that the underweight tolerance is not exceeded and
the proper heat treatment and to conduct the tests deemed the maximum depth of grinding at any point does not exceed
necessary to assure that the required properties are obtained. 10 % of the thickness of the section.
8.1.6 Forgings—Forgings shall be descaled by machining,
8. Finish
blasting, or pickling. The selection of the descaling methods
8.1 The following types of finishes are permitted, as appli- shall be at the option of the producer unless a particular
cable to the product ordered: descaling method is specified in the purchase order.
8.1.1 Hot-finished Bars—Hot-finished bars shall have the
surface finish that results from hot processing, with or without 9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
certain additional surface modification. Hot-finished bars are 9.1 Unless otherwise specified on the purchase order, the
commonly produced by hot rolling, forging, pressing, material shall conform to the permitted variations in dimen-
extruding, or similar hot working procedures applied to ingots, sions as specified in the following:
blooms, or billets. The resulting products are typically subject 9.1.1 Bars—Tables 3-12.
to various additional operations affecting the surface of the 9.1.2 Shapes—Tables 13-19 and Figs. 1 and 2.
bars, including but not limited to one or more of the following: 9.1.3 Forgings—As specified in the purchase order, or in
annealing or other heat treatment; cleaning by blasting, prints or sketches accompanying the purchase order.
pickling, or other descaling methods; rough turning; and 9.1.4 Billets or Other Semi-finished Material for
machine straightening. The producer is permitted to use Reforging—Billets and other semi-finished material shall con-
centerless grinding, polishing, or other operations commonly form to the shape and dimensions specified by the purchaser
associated with cold finishing in order to provide improved within a permitted variation of 65 %.
6
A484/A484M − 20a
TABLE 3 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-finished Round, Turned,A and Square Bars
Permitted Variations from Specified Size,
in. [mm] Out-of-RoundB or
Specified Size, in. [mm]
Out-of-Square,C in. [mm]
Over Under
⁄ to 7⁄16 [8.00 to 11.00], inclD
5 16 0.006 [0.15] 0.006 [0.15] 0.009 [0.23]
Over 7⁄16 to 5⁄8 [11.00 to 15.50], inclD 0.007 [0.18] 0.007 [0.18] 0.010 [0.26]
Over 5⁄8 to 7⁄8 [15.50 to 22.00], incl 0.008 [0.20] 0.008 [0.20] 0.012 [0.30]
Over 7⁄8 to 1 [22.00 to 25.00], incl 0.009 [0.23] 0.009 [0.23] 0.013 [0.34]
Over 1 to 11⁄8 [25.00 to 28.00], incl 0.010 [0.25] 0.010 [0.25] 0.015 [0.38]
Over 11⁄8 to 11⁄4 [28.00 to 31.50], incl 0.011 [0.28] 0.011 [0.28] 0.016 [0.42]
Over 11⁄4 to 13⁄8 [31.50 to 34.50], incl 0.012 [0.30] 0.012 [0.30] 0.018 [0.46]
Over 13⁄8 to 11⁄2 [34.50 to 38.00], incl 0.014 [0.35] 0.014 [0.35] 0.021 [0.53]
Over 11⁄2 to 2 [38.00 to 50.00], incl 1⁄64 [0.40] 1⁄64 [0.40] 0.023 [0.60]
Over 2 to 21⁄2 [50.00 to 63.00], incl 1⁄32 [0.80] 0 0.023 [0.60]
Over 21⁄2 to 31⁄2 [63.00 to 90.00], incl 3⁄64 [1.20] 0 0.035 [0.90]
Over 31⁄2 to 41⁄2 [90.00 to 115.00], incl 1⁄16 [1.60] 0 0.046 [1.20]
Over 41⁄2 to 51⁄2 [115.00 to 140.00], incl 5⁄64 [2.00] 0 0.058 [1.50]
Over 51⁄2 to 61⁄2 [140.00 to 165.00], incl 1⁄8 [3.00] 0 0.070 [1.80]
Over 61⁄2 to 8 [165.00 to 200.00], incl 5⁄32 [4.00] 0 0.085 [2.20]
Over 8 to 12 [200.00 to 300.00], inclA 3⁄16 [4.80] 0 3⁄32 [2.40]
Over 12 to 15 [300.00 to 400.00], inclA 7⁄32 [5.50] 0 7⁄64 [2.80]
Over 15 to 25 [400.00 to 625.00], inclA 1⁄4 [6.50] 0 1⁄8 [3.20]
A
Turned bars are generally available from 2 to 25 in. [50 to 625 mm] in diameter, over 8 in. [200 mm] only turned bars are available.
B
Out-of-round is the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters of the bar measured at the same cross section.
C
Out-of-square section is the difference in the two dimensions at the same cross section of a square bar, each dimension being the distance between opposite faces.
D
Size tolerances have not been evolved for round sections in the size range of 5⁄16 in. [8.00 mm] to approximately 5⁄8 in. [15.5 mm] in diameter which are produced on
rod mills in coils.
TABLE 4 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-finished Hexagonal and Octagonal Bar

Permitted Variations from Specified Size, Maximum Difference in 3
Specified Sizes Measured Between Opposite in. [mm] Measurements for Hexagons
Sides, in. [mm]
Over Under Only, in. [mm]
⁄ to 1⁄2 [6.50 to 13.00], incl
14 0.007 [0.18] 0.007 [0.18] 0.011 [0.28]
Over 1⁄2 to 1 [13.00 to 25.00], incl 0.010 [0.25] 0.010 [0.25] 0.015 [0.38]
Over 1 to 11⁄2 [25.00 to 38.00], incl 0.021 [0.53] 0.021 [0.53] 0.025 [0.64]
Over 11⁄2 to 2 [38.00 to 50.00], incl 1⁄32 [0.80] 1⁄3 [0.80] 1⁄32 [0.80]
Over 2 to 21⁄2 [50.00 to 63.00], incl 3⁄64 [1.20] 3⁄64 [1.20] 3⁄64 [1.20]
Over 21⁄2 to 31⁄2 [63.00 to 90.00], incl 1⁄16 [1.60] 1⁄16 [1.60] 1⁄16 [1.60]
TABLE 5 Permitted Variations in Thickness and Width for Hot-finished Flat Bars Rolled as Bars
Permitted Variations in Thickness for Thicknesses Given, in. [mm] Permitted
Specified Width, ⁄ to 1⁄2
18 Over 1⁄2 to 1 Over 1 to 2 Over 2 to 4 Over 4 to 6 Over 6 to 8 Variations in
in. [mm] [3.2 to 13], incl [13 to 25], incl [25 to 50], incl [50 to 100], incl [100 to 150], incl [150 to 200], incl Width, in. [mm]
Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under
To 1 0.008 0.008 0.010 0.010 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.015 0.015
[25.00], incl [0.20] [0.20] [0.25] [0.25] [0.40] [0.40]
Over 1 to 2 0.012 0.012 0.015 0.015 0.031 0.031 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.031 0.031
[25.00 to 50.00], incl [0.30] [0.30] [0.40] [0.40] [0.80] [0.80] [0.80] [0.80]
Over 2 to 4 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.020 0.031 0.031 0.062 0.031 ... ... ... ... 0.062 0.031
[50.00 to 100.00], incl [0.40] [0.40] [0.50] [0.50] [0.80] [0.80] [1.60] [0.80] [1.60] [0.80]
Over 4 to 6 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.020 0.031 0.031 0.062 0.031 0.093 0.062 ... ... 0.093 0.062
[100.00 to 150.00], incl [0.40] [0.40] [0.50] [0.50] [0.80] [0.80] [1.60] [0.80] [2.40] [1.60] [2.40] [1.60]
Over 6 to 8 0.016 0.016 0.025 0.025 0.031 0.031 0.062 0.031 0.093 0.062 0.125 0.156 0.125 0.156
[150.00 to 200.00], incl [0.40] [0.40] [0.65] [0.65] [0.80] [0.80] [1.60] [0.80] [2.40] [1.60] [3.20] [4.00] [3.20] [4.00]
Over 8 to 10 0.020 0.020 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.062 0.031 0.093 0.062 0.125 0.156 0.156 0.187
[200.00 to 250.00], incl [0.50] [0.50] [0.80] [0.80] [0.80] [0.80] [1.60] [0.80] [2.40] [1.60] [3.20] [4.00] [4.00] [4.80]
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance ordered, that they shall not adversely affect the forming,
10.1 The material shall be of uniform quality consistent machining, or fabrication of finished parts.
with good manufacturing and inspection practices. Imperfec-
tions shall be of such a nature or degree for the type and quality
7
A484/A484M − 20a
TABLE 6 Permitted Variations in Dimensions for Flat Bars Cut from Strip or Plate
Permitted Variation in Permitted Variation in
Permitted VariationA in Width
Thickness, in. [mm] LengthB
Order Thickness
Widths to 4 [100] Widths Over 4 [100]
Over Under Over Under
Over 0.114 to 0.130 [2.90 to 3.30], incl 0.010 0.010 0.094 0.031 0.094 0.094 0.188 0
[0.25] [0.25] [2.40] [0.80] [2.40] [2.40] [4.80]
Over 0.130 to 0.145 [3.30 to 3.70], incl 0.012 0.012 0.094 0.031 0.094 0.094 0.188 0
[0.30] [0.30] [2.40] [0.80] [2.40] [2.40] [4.80]
Over 0.145 to less than ⁄ , [3.70 to 4.80]
3 16 0.014 0.014 0.094 0.031 0.094 0.094 0.188 0
[0.35] [0.35] [2.40] [0.80] [2.40] [2.40] [4.80]
⁄
3 16 to 3⁄8 [4.80 to 9.00], excl 0.050 0.010 0.094 0.031 0.094 0.094 0.188 0
[1.25] [0.25] [2.40] [0.80] [2.40] [2.40] [4.80]
⁄ to 3⁄4 [9.00 to 19.00], excl
38 0.060 0.010 0.094 0.031 0.094 0.094 0.188 0
[1.50] [0.25] [2.40] [0.80] [2.40] [2.40] [4.80]
⁄ to 1 [19.00 to 25.00], excl
34 0.065 0.010 0.094 0.031 0.094 0.094 0.188 0
[1.65] [0.25] [2.40] [0.80] [2.40] [2.40] [4.80]
1 to 2 [25.00 to 50.00], excl 0.075 0.010 0.094 0.031 0.094 0.094 0.188 0
[1.90] [0.25] [2.40] [0.80] [2.40] [2.40] [4.80]
2 to 3 [50.00 to 75.00], excl 0.150 0.010 0.125 0.062 0.125 0.125 0.250 0
[3.80] [0.25] [3.00] [1.60] [3.00] [3.00] [6.50]
3 to 4 [75.00 to 100.00], excl 0.210 0.010 0.125 0.062 0.125 0.125 0.250 0
[5.30] [0.25] [3.00] [1.60] [3.00] [3.00] [6.50]
4 to 6 [100.00 to 150.00], excl 0.300 0.010 0.125 0.062 0.125 0.125 0.250 0
[7.60] [0.25] [3.00] [1.60] [3.00] [3.00] [6.50]
6 to 8 [150.00 to 200.00], excl 0.420 0.010 0.125 0.062 0.125 0.125 0.250 0
[10.65] [0.25] [3.00] [1.60] [3.00] [3.00] [6.50]
8 to 10 [200.00 to 250.00], excl 0.540 0.010 0.125 0.062 0.125 0.125 0.250 0
[13.70] [0.25] [3.00] [1.60] [3.00] [3.00] [6.50]
A
By agreement between purchaser and seller, tolerances can be shifted as desired to any combination of plus-minus tolerance between all minus and all plus.
B
Not applicable when bars are ordered random length.
TABLE 7 Permitted Variations in Size of Cold-finished Round TABLE 8 Permitted Variations in Size of Cold Finished
Bars Hexagonal, Octagonal, and Square Bars
Permitted Variations from Specified Permitted Variations from
Specified Size, in. [mm] Size, in. [mm]A,B A
Specified Size,
Specified Size, in. [mm] in. [mm]B
Over Under
⁄ to 5⁄16 [1.50 to 8.00], excl
1 16 0.001 [0.03] 0.001 [0.03] Over Under
⁄ to 1⁄2 [8.00 to 13.00], excl
5 16 0.0015 [0.04] 0.0015 [0.04] ⁄ to 5⁄16 [3.00 to 8.00], excl
18 0 0.002 [0.05]
1⁄2 to 1 [13.00 to 25.00], excl 0.002 [0.05] 0.002 [0.05] 5⁄16 to 1⁄2 [8.00 to 13.00], excl 0 0.003 [0.08]
1 to 11⁄2 [25.00 to 38.00], excl 0.0025 [0.06] 0.0025 [0.06] 1⁄2 to 1 [13.00 to 25.00], incl 0 0.004 [0.10]
11⁄2 to 31⁄4 [38.00 to 83.00], inclC 0.003 [0.08] 0.003 [0.08] Over 1 to 2 [25.00 to 50.00], incl 0 0.006 [0.15]
31⁄4 to 4 [83.00 to 100], inclC 0.005 [0.13] 0.005 [0.13] Over 2 to 3 [50.00 to 75.00], incl 0 0.008 [0.20]
A Over 3 [75.00] 0 0.010 [0.25]
Unless otherwise specified, size tolerances are over and under as shown in the
A
above table. When required, however, they may be specified all over and nothing Distance across flats.
B
under, or all under and nothing over, or any combination of over and under, if the When it is necessary to heat treat or heat treat and pickle after cold finishing, size
total spread in size tolerance for a specified size is not less than the total spread tolerances are double those shown in the table.
shown in the table.
B
When it is necessary to heat treat or heat treat and pickle after cold finishing, size
tolerances are double those shown in the table.
C
Cold-finished bars over 4 in. [100 mm] in diameter are produced; size tolerances
for such bars are not included herein. to Condition T or H, and when age hardening the precipitation
hardening grades, a lot shall consist of the same size, same
heat, and the same heat treat charge in a batch-type furnace or
11. Sampling under the same conditions in a continuous furnace.
11.2.1 For forgings weighing from 1000 lb [500 kg] to
11.1 A lot for product analysis shall consist of all bars, 5000 lb [2500 kg] each, a lot shall consist of one size classi-
shapes, or forgings made from the same heat. fication from each heat and each heat-treating charge. Where
11.2 For other tests required by the product specification, a continuous heat-treating furnaces are used, a lot shall consist of
lot shall consist of all bar products of the same size, or forgings one size classification from each heat, heated in a period of 8 h
weighing less than 1000 lb [500 kg] each, from the same heat, or less.
and produced under the same processing conditions. All 11.2.2 For all classes of forgings weighing from 5000 to
austenitic, ferritic, austenitic-ferritic, and free-machining 7000 lb [2300 to 3200 kg], each unit shall be considered a lot.
grades, martensitic grades annealed to Condition A, and 11.2.3 For all classes of forgings weighing more than
precipitation or age-hardening grades when solution treated are 7000 lb [3200 kg], each unit shall be considered a double lot,
permitted to be heat treated in the same furnace or in several and two tension tests shall be required, one from each end of
furnaces utilizing controlled processing and equipment (see each forging. In the case of ring forgings, the tension test
Appendix X1). When heat treating martensitic stainless steels specimens shall be removed from each of two locations on the
8
A484/A484M − 20a
TABLE 9 Permitted Variations in Width and Thickness of Cold- TABLE 12 Permitted Variations in Straightness of Machine
finished Flat Bars Straightened Hot-finished or Cold-finished BarsA
Permitted Variations in Width, Over and Measurement is taken on the concave side of the bar with a straightedge.
Under, in. [mm]A Unless otherwise specified, hot-finished or cold-finished bars for machining
Width, in. [mm] purposes are furnished machine straightened to the following tolerances.
For Thicknesses For Thicknesses
1⁄4 in. [6.5]
Hot-finished
Over 1⁄4 in. 1⁄8 in. [3.00 mm] in any 5 ft [1.50 m]; but may not exceed
and Under [6.5] 1⁄8 in. [3.00 mm] × (length in ft/5) [m/1.50]
1⁄16 to 3⁄8 [1.50 to 9.50], incl 0.005 [0.12] 0.005 [0.12] Cold-finished
Over 3⁄8 to 1 [9.50 to 25.00], incl 0.004 [0.10] 0.004 [0.10] 1⁄16 in. [1.5 mm] in any 5 ft [1.5 m]; but may not exceed
Over 1 to 2 [25.00 to 50.00], incl 0.006 [0.15] 0.004 [0.10] 1⁄16 in. [1.5 mm] × (length in ft/5) [m/1.50]
Over 2 to 3 [50.00 to 75.00], incl 0.008 [0.20] 0.004 [0.10] A

Over 3 to 41⁄2 [75.00 to 115.00], incl 0.010 [0.25] 0.005 [0.13] Straightness tolerances have not been established for sizes less than 1⁄2 in.
Permitted Variations in Thickness, Over [13.00 mm].
Thickness, in. [mm]
and Under, in. [mm]A
Up to .029 [0.70], incl 0.001 [0.03]
Over .029 to .035 [0.70 to 1.00], incl 0.0015 [0.04] TABLE 13 Permitted Variations for Hot-finished Angles
Over .035 to 1 [1.00 to 25.00], incl 0.002 [0.05]
Over 1 to 2 [25.00 to 50.00], incl 0.003 [0.08] NOTE 1—For unequal leg angles, the longer leg determines the
Over 2 to 3 [50.00 to 75.00], incl 0.004 [0.10] tolerance for the length of each leg.
Over 3 to 41⁄2 [75.00 to 115.00], inclB 0.005 [0.13]
WeightA
A
When it is necessary to heat treat or heat treat and pickle after cold finishing, size For angles of 6 lb/ft [9.0 kg/m] or less, the weight tolerances shall not exceed
tolerances are double those shown in the table. ±71⁄2 %. For angles over 6 lb/ft [9 kg/m], the weight tolerance shall not exceed
B
Cold-finished flat bars over 41⁄2 in. [115 mm] wide or thick are produced; width ±41⁄2 %.
and thickness tolerances for such bars are not included herein. Length of Legs
For angles having legs or flanges up to 6 in. [150 mm], incl, the length toler-
ance shall not exceed ±1⁄8 in. [3.00 mm]. For angles having legs or flanges over
6 in., the length tolerance shall not exceed +3⁄16 in. [5.00 mm] and –1⁄8 in.
TABLE 10 Permitted Variations in Length of Hot-finished or Cold-
Squareness of Legs
finished Bars The tolerance for the right angle between the legs is ±2°.
Specified Size of Permitted Variations in Length, in. [mm]B A
For equal leg angles, the theoretical weight per foot is:
Rounds, Squares,
For Lengths up to 12 ftC For Lengths Over 12 to weight/foot = (24 W × t − 12t 2) (0.2871 lb/ft)
Hexagons, Octagons, [4 m], incl 25 ft [4 to 8 m], incl
and Widths of Flats,A in. where:
[mm] Over Under Over Under
W = specified length of the leg, in inches, and
Up to 6 [150.00], incl 1 [25] 0 11⁄4 [31.50] 0
t = specified thickness, in inches.
Over 6 to 9 11⁄4 [31.5] 0 11⁄2 [38.00] 0
[150.00 to 225.00], incl
Over 9 to 12 11⁄2 [38] 0 2 [50.00] 0 For unequal leg angles, the theoretical weight per foot is:
[225.00 to 300.00], incl weight/foot = [12 W1 × t + 12 W2 × t − 12t 2] (0.2871 lb/ft)
A
The maximum width of bar flats is 10 in. [250 mm]. where:
B
Random Lengths—When ordered as random lengths, permissible variation is
W1 and W2 = specified leg lengths, in inches, and
2 ft [0.6 m] over and under the specified length. When ordered as random lengths
t = specified leg thickness, in inches.
subject to a minimum length requirement, permissible variation is 2 ft [0.6 m] over
and nothing under the specified length.
C
For lengths under 3 ft [1 m] and sizes up to 1⁄2 in. [13.00 mm] incl., the
permissible variation in length is 1⁄32 in. [0.80 mm] over and nothing under. bars and shapes and from each lot of forgings. Except for bars
cut from strip or plate, tension tests of bars and shapes shall be
made in the longitudinal direction or, at the manufacturer’s
TABLE 11 Permitted Variations in Length of Hot-finished or Cold- option unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, in the
finished Bars Machine Cut After Machine StraighteningA
transverse (through thickness) direction. Material tensile tested
NOTE 1—These tolerances are not applicable when bars are ordered in the transverse direction and meeting the specified tensile
random length. property requirements need not be tested in the longitudinal
Permitted Variations in Length, in. [mm] direction. Testing for bars cut from strip or plate shall conform
Specified Size of Rounds, For Lengths Over
Squares, Hexagons, Octagons,
For Lengths up to
12 to 25 ft to the requirements of the applicable product specification for
12 ft [4 m], incl
and Width of Flats,B in. [mm] [4 to 8 m], incl the strip or plate and to Specification A480/A480M. Hardness
Over Under Over Under tests on bars shall be conducted midway between the center
To 3 [75], incl 0 0
Over 3 [75] to 12 [225 to 300], incl 1⁄2 [13.0] 0 1⁄2 [13.0] 0 and surface of the product. Tension tests on forgings shall be
A
Table 11 does not apply to product produced on coil to bar equipment. prepared from suitable prolongations, or at the option of the
B
The maximum width of bar flats is 10 in. [250 mm]. supplier, excess forgings may be provided for test. All tests
shall conform to the chemical and mechanical requirements of
the product specification.
periphery, approximately 180° apart, and insofar as practicable, 12.2 One intergranular corrosion test, when required, and
from opposite ends of the forging. one grain size test, when required shall be made on each lot.
Often, it is convenient to obtain test material from the
12. Number of Tests and Retests specimen selected for mechanical testing.
12.1 Unless otherwise specified in the product specification, 12.3 If any test specimen shows defective machining or
one sample per heat shall be selected for chemical analysis and flaws, it is permitted to discard the specimen and to substitute
one mechanical test sample shall be selected from each lot of another specimen.
9
A484/A484M − 20a
TABLE 14 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-finished Channels
Size Tolerances, Over and Under, in. [mm]
Thickness of Web for Thickness Given Out-of-SquareB of
Specified Size of Channel, in. [mm] Either Flange, in./in.
Depth of SectionA Width of Flanges To 3⁄16 incl Over 3⁄16 [mm/ mm] of
[5.00 mm] [5.00 mm] Flange Width
To 11⁄2 [38.00], incl ⁄
3 64 [1.20] 3⁄64 [1.20] 0.015 [0.41] 0.023 [0.60] 3⁄64 [1.20]
Over 11⁄2 to 3 [38.00 to 75.00], excl ⁄

3 32 [2.40] 3⁄32 [2.40] 0.023 [0.60] 0.030 [0.80] 3⁄64 [1.20]
A
Channel depth is measured at back of web.
B
For channels 5⁄8 in. [15.50 mm] and under in depth, the out-of-square tolerance is 5⁄64 in./in. [2.00 mm/mm] of depth. Out-of-squareness is determined by placing a square
against the bottom surface of the web and measuring the amount of toe-in or toe-out of either flange. Measurements for depth of section and width of flanges are over-all.
TABLE 15 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-finished Tees

Width or Depth, in.B Thickness of Flange, in. [mm] Thickness of Stem, in. [mm] Stem Out-of-
Specified Size of Tee,
SquareC in.
in. [mm]A Over Under Over Under Over Under [mm]
To 11⁄2 [38.00], incl. 5⁄64 [2.00] 5⁄64 [2.00] 0.015 [0.38] 0.015 [0.38] 0.008 [0.20] 0.030 [0.75] 3⁄64 [1.20]
Over 11⁄2 to 2 [38.00 to 50.00], 3⁄32 [2.40] 3⁄32 [2.40] 0.018 [0.46] 0.018 [0.46] 0.015 [0.38] 0.030 [0.75] 3⁄32 [2.40]
incl
Over 2 to 3 [50.00 to 75.00], ⁄
9 64 [3.60] ⁄
9 64 [3.60] 0.023 [0.60] 0.023 [0.60] 0.023 [0.60] 0.030 [0.75] ⁄
9 64 [3.60]
excl
A
The longer member of an unequal tee determines the size for tolerances.
B
Measurements for both width and depth are over-all.
C
Stem out-of-square is the variation from its true position of the center line of stem measured at the point.
TABLE 16 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-extruded Shapes TABLE 19 Twist Tolerances

Section Tolerances, in. [mm] NOTE 1—The amount of spiraling in an extruded shape is called twist.
Specified Size, in [mm]
Over Under
It can be measured by the height of the high corner from a flat reference
Dimensions under 1 [25] 0.020 [0.50] 0.020 [0.50]
Dimensions 1 to 3 [25 to 75], excl 0.031 [0.80] 0.031 [0.80]
base (established rise).
Dimensions 3 to 4 [75 to 100], incl 0.046 [1.20] 0.046 [1.20] NOTE 2—Using the following calculation the twist tolerance must not
Over 4 [100] 0.062 [1.60] 0.062 [1.60]
exceed what is shown in the table.
TABLE 17 Angularity Tolerance for Extruded Shapes

Plus and minus max 2°
established rise3 number of ft in length

rise in 5 ft5
5
Section Width Rise in 5 ft

⁄ to 11⁄2 in. [13 to 39 mm]
12 0.125 in. [3.00 mm]
Over 11⁄2 to 4 in. [39 to 100 mm] 0.188 in. [4.80 mm]
TABLE 18 Length Tolerances for Extruded Shape LengthA,B Over 4 in. [100 mm] 0.250 in. [6.50 mm]
For Lengths up to 12 ft For Lengths over 12 ft
Specified Size [4 m], incl. [4 m]
Up to 3 in. [75 mm], excl 3⁄16 in. [4.8 mm] 0 1⁄4 in. [6.5 mm] 0
A
Multiple Lengths—Unless otherwise specified, 1⁄4 in. [6.5 mm] is added to the 13. Retreatment
total length of each piece for each multiple contained.
B
Random Lengths—When ordered as random lengths, permissible variation is 2
13.1 Where the failure of a lot is attributable to inadequate
ft [0.6 m] over and under the specified length. When ordered as random lengths heat treatment, the producer may reheat treat the material and
subject to a minimum length requirement, permissible variation is 2 ft [0.6 m] over submit the retreated material for test.
and nothing under the specified length.
14. Test Methods

14.1 The properties enumerated in the applicable product
specification shall be tested in accordance with the following
12.4 If the results of any test are not in conformance with ASTM methods:
the requirements of this specification or the requirements of the 14.1.1 Chemical Analysis—Test Methods, Practices, and
applicable product specification, it is permitted to retest a new Terminology A751.
sample of two specimens, to replace the original failed sample. 14.1.2 Tension Tests—Test Methods and Definitions A370.
If one of the retest specimens fails, the lot shall be rejected. 14.1.3 Stress Rupture—Test Methods E139.
10
A484/A484M − 20a
17. Certification
17.1 A report of the results of all tests required by the
product specification shall be supplied to the purchaser. This
material test report shall reference the product specification
designation and year date indicating that the material was
manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance
with requirements of the product specification and has been
NOTE 1—Camber or bow tolerances shall not exceed 0.025 in. [0.60 found to meet those requirements. The material test report shall
mm] × length in ft [m⁄3 ]. report the melting process when the purchase order requires
Camber tolerances for hot finished or extruded shapes camber (or bow) either a specific type of melting or requires that the melting
is the greatest deviation of a side from a straight line. Measurement is
taken on the concave side of the shapes with a straight edge.
process used is to be reported.
FIG. 1 Camber or Bow Tolerances 17.1.1 The report shall indicate the type of steel. If certify-
ing that the material conforms to the requirements for more
than one type of steel, the manufacturer may indicate each type
of steel on the report, or may issue a separate report for each
type of steel.
17.2 A signature is not required on the report. However, the
NOTE 1—Allowable deviation from flat is max 0.010 in. [0.25 mm] per document shall clearly identify the organization submitting the
1 in. [25 mm] of width. Maximum deviation on dimensions of less than 1 report. Not withstanding the absence of a signature, the
in. [25 mm] is 0.010 in. [0.250 mm]. organization submitting the document is responsible for its
The transverse flatness tolerance is the maximum deviation from a content.
reference base across any cross-section flat surface.
FIG. 2 Transverse Flatness Tolerances 17.3 A document printed from or used in electronic form
from an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be
14.1.4 Brinell Hardness—Test Methods and Definitions regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in
A370. the certifier’s facility. The content of the EDI transmitted
14.1.5 Rockwell Hardness—Test Methods and Definitions document shall meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM
A370. standard(s) and conform to any existing EDI agreement be-
14.1.6 Intergranular Corrosion—Practice E of Practices tween the purchaser and the supplier. Not withstanding the
A262. absence of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI
14.1.7 Grain Size—Test Methods E112. transmission is responsible for the content of the report.
14.1.8 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test—Test Methods and NOTE 3—The industry definition of EDI invoked herein is the
Definitions A370. computer-to-computer exchange of business information in a standard
format such as ANSI ASC X12.
15. Inspection 17.4 When finished material is supplied to a purchase order
15.1 Civilian Procurement—Inspection of the material shall specifying the product specification, the organization supply-
be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier as ing that material shall provide the purchaser with a copy of the
part of the purchase contract. original manufacturer’s test report.
17.4.1 When the original manufacturer’s test report was
15.2 Government Procurement—Unless otherwise specified
provided by EDI to the organization supplying the finished
in the contract or purchase order, the seller is responsible for
material to the purchaser, the organization supplying the
the performance of all inspection and test requirements in this
finished material shall provide to the purchaser a printed form
specification, the seller is permitted to use their own facilities
of the original test report or shall retransmit the test report by
or other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection
EDI to the purchaser. In either case, the test report shall be
and testing, and the purchaser shall have the right to perform
complete with the full identification of the original manufac-
any of the inspection and tests set forth in this specification.
turer and with all data provided on the test report of the original
The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s inspector all
manufacturer.
reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy purchaser that the
material is being furnished in accordance with the specifica-
18. Product Marking
tion. Inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unneces-
sarily with the manufacturer. 18.1 Civilian Procurement:
18.1.1 Bars and shapes shall be marked or tagged with the
16. Rejection and Rehearing name of manufacturer, purchaser’s name and order number,
16.1 The purchaser is permitted to reject material that fails ASTM specification designation, heat number, grade or type,
to conform to the requirements of this specification. Rejection condition, finish, and where appropriate, the size, length, and
shall be reported to the producer or supplier promptly, prefer- weight. Unless otherwise specified, the method of marking is at
ably in writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of a the option of the manufacturer. Marking shall be made by hot
test, the producer or supplier is permitted to make claim for a stamping, cold stamping, or painting of bars, or by marking
rehearing. tags attached to bundles, lifts, or boxes.
11
A484/A484M − 20a
18.1.2 Forgings shall be legibly die stamped with the 19. Packaging and Package Marking
manufacturer’s symbol or name, material specification
19.1 Unless otherwise specified, the bars and shapes shall be
designation, grade or type, and heat identification. When die
stamping is not permitted by the purchaser, electric pencil or packaged and loaded in accordance with Practices A700.
electro-etching shall be used. 19.2 When specified in the contract or order, and for direct
18.2 Government Procurement: procurement by or direct shipment to the government, when
18.2.1 When specified in the contract or order, and for direct Level A is specified, preservation, packaging, and packing shall
procurement by or direct shipment to the government, marking be in accordance with the Level A requirements of MIL-STD-
for shipment, in addition to any requirements specified in the 163.
contract or order, shall be in accordance with MIL-STD-129
for military agencies and in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 20. Keywords
for civil agencies.
20.1 general delivery requirements; stainless steel bars;
18.2.2 For government procurement by the Defense Supply
Agency, bars and shapes shall be marked continuously for stainless steel billets; stainless steel forgings; stainless steel
identification in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 183. shapes
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW MATERIALS
A1.1 New materials may be proposed for inclusion in A1.1.3 The application shall be accompanied by test data as
specifications referencing this specification, subject to the required by the applicable specification. Test data from a
following conditions: minimum of three test lots, as defined by the specification, each
A1.1.1 The application for the addition of a new grade to a from a different heat, shall be furnished.
specification shall be made to the chair of the subcommittee A1.1.4 The application shall provide recommendations for
that has jurisdiction over that specification.
all requirements appearing in the applicable specification.
A1.1.2 The application shall be accompanied by a statement
from at least one user indicating that there is a need for the new A1.1.5 The application shall state whether the new grade is
grade to be included in the applicable specification. covered by patent.
A2. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF MATERIALS FROM OTHER A01 OR B02.07 SPECIFICATIONS
A2.1 Wrought materials that are already covered by an- A2.1.2 The chemical requirements, the specified mechani-
other A01 or B02.07 specification may be proposed for cal properties, and the heat treatment requirements of the grade
inclusion in specifications referencing this specification of being added shall be the same as those for the grade in the A01
general requirements subject to the following conditions: or B02.07 specification in which the grade is presently covered.
A2.1.1 Application for the addition of a grade that is already A2.1.3 The application shall provide recommendations for
covered in another A01 or B02.07 specification shall be made all requirements appearing in the applicable specification.
to the chair of the subcommittee that has jurisdiction over that A2.1.4 The application shall state whether or not the grade
the specification to which the grade is to be added. is covered by patent.
12
A484/A484M − 20a
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. RATIONALE REGARDING DEFINITION OF LOT FOR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CORROSION TESTING
X1.1 It is generally recognized that material described as a X1.2.5 Further, it would be expected that grouped loads be
lot must be “produced under the same processing conditions,” handled within a relatively short time period, and that hardness
which means the same manufacturing order number, same size, testing be performed on at least one sample per charge.
same heat, same heat-treating procedure, and same subsequent
X1.3 The old definition of a lot for mechanical testing based
processing. Under those conditions, single samples can be
on simply the words “same size, heat, and heat treatment
selected to be representative of the total lot, with at least one
charge in a batch furnace” assumes that heat treating is the only
sample for each 20 000 pounds of material.
process affecting properties. This kind of definition ignores the
X1.2 Following the principle described in X1.1 generally effects of other processing, prior to and subsequent to heat
requires that the producer control each of several furnace loads treating. Moreover, it assumes that each heat-treated batch will
constituting the same lot so that: be uniform and unique rather than reproducible. In reality, heat
treating is a process which can be controlled easily throughout
X1.2.1 Set point temperature and process tolerance match, a batch and from batch to batch, with the net result that
multiple batches can be considered part of a single lot if
X1.2.2 Time at temperature for all thermal treatment shall
equipment and processing parameters meet the mandates of
match within 10 %,
X1.1 and X1.2.
X1.2.3 All furnaces used be similar in size and meet the
X1.4 The sampling specified for mechanical properties is
uniformity requirements of a documented furnace quality
not a statistical sampling plan. Therefore, it provides only
assurance program, and
typical data. Assurance of uniformity within the lot can be
X1.2.4 The quench systems are the same with respect to obtained only by the producer adequately controlling the
volume, type of quenchant, and circulation rate. processing parameters.
X2. BAR CODING
X2.1 Bar coding to identify steel is not specifically ad- steel products and proposes that this bar coding standard be
dressed in Committee A01 specifications. Committee A01 considered as a possible auxiliary method of identification.
endorses the AIAG bar code standard for primary metals for
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A484/A484M – 19) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2020.)
(1) Revised Section 17 on certification.
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A484/A484M – 18a) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Sept. 1, 2019.)
(1) Revised subsections 7.2.4 and 8.1.4.
13
A484/A484M − 20a
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http://www.copyright.com/
14

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Astm A484 2020

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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

Designation: A484/A484M − 20a

Standard Specification for

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Silicon to 1.00, incl 0.05 Aluminum to 0.15, incl −0.005, +0.01

Over 12 to 15 [300.00 to 400.00], inclA 7⁄32 [5.50] 0 7⁄64 [2.80]

Over 15 to 25 [400.00 to 625.00], inclA 1⁄4 [6.50] 0 1⁄8 [3.20]

TABLE 4 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-finished Hexagonal and Octagonal Bar

Over 2 to 3 [50.00 to 75.00], incl 0.008 [0.20] 0.004 [0.10] A

Over 11⁄2 to 3 [38.00 to 75.00], excl ⁄

TABLE 15 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-finished Tees

TABLE 16 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-extruded Shapes TABLE 19 Twist Tolerances

TABLE 17 Angularity Tolerance for Extruded Shapes

established rise3 number of ft in length

Section Width Rise in 5 ft

14. Test Methods

A1. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW MATERIALS

X2. BAR CODING

(1) Revised Section 17 on certification.

(1) Revised subsections 7.2.4 and 8.1.4.

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