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Coe 1L Computer Programming and Fundamentals: Assignment #1

This document discusses key concepts in computer programming including: 1. Planning programs by using algorithms, flowcharts, and pseudocode before writing the actual code. 2. Different types of programming languages including low-level machine and assembly languages as well as high-level languages like Java, C, Python, C++, Ruby, and PHP. 3. Popular programming tools like debuggers, linkers, compilers, source code editors, and GUI builders that help programmers develop programs. 4. Characteristics of good programming languages including ease of use, portability, reliability, safety, performance, and reusability. 5. Factors to consider when selecting a language for a specific application

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Psyche Punongbayan
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127 views

Coe 1L Computer Programming and Fundamentals: Assignment #1

This document discusses key concepts in computer programming including: 1. Planning programs by using algorithms, flowcharts, and pseudocode before writing the actual code. 2. Different types of programming languages including low-level machine and assembly languages as well as high-level languages like Java, C, Python, C++, Ruby, and PHP. 3. Popular programming tools like debuggers, linkers, compilers, source code editors, and GUI builders that help programmers develop programs. 4. Characteristics of good programming languages including ease of use, portability, reliability, safety, performance, and reusability. 5. Factors to consider when selecting a language for a specific application

Uploaded by

Psyche Punongbayan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COE 1L

Computer Programming and Fundamentals

Assignment #1
● Planning programs before writing
o Algorithm is a precise rule (set of rules) for solving any mathematical problems. An
algorithm must be precise and well-defined and it should reach a result after a finite
number of steps. It can be represented into programs, flowcharts and pseudocodes.
Operations: addition, subtraction, etc
While writing the algorithms the following notations are considered.
1. Name of the Algorithm (problem) ex: Algorithm : Area of a circle
2. Step Number ex: Step 1
3. Explanatory comment (describes the operation) ex. Read radius
4. Termination (end) ex. STOP
o Flowchart is a logic diagram to describe each step that the program must perform to
arrive at the solution. It is an easy way to understand and analyze the problem. It is
referred as the blueprint of algorithm. Programmer prepares this before coding. Types:
Program flowcharts and System flowcharts
o Pseudocode (‘pseudo’ means ‘limitation’ or ‘false’ and ‘code’ refers to a set of
instructions written in a programming language) is a generic way of describing an
algorithm without being restricted by any programming rules. It is an outline of a
program, written in form, which can easily be converted into real programming
statements. It uses English words. (Ravichandran, 2001)
● Programming language is a language that a user employs to interact with the computer. They can
be divided into three major categories: machine, assembly, and high level languages.
o Machine language (Low Level) is a first generation language in which instructions are in
the form of binary 0’s and 1’s that represent high and low electrical voltage.
o Assembly Language is a second generation language in which mnemonic code is
assigned to each machine language instruction to make it easier to remember and
write. Applications : developing OS, loaders, linkers, etc
o High Level Languages designed to overcome the limitations of machine and assembly
language. Programs here are in a human readable form and easier to learn. e.g. BASIC,
FORTRAN, COBOL, JAVA (I.T.L. Education Solutions Limitations, 2006)

● A programming tool is used by programmers or software developers for creating, editing,


debugging, maintaining and/or performing any programming or development-specific task. The
commonly-used programming tools are:
o Debugger is a programming tool that helps programmers identify and resolve bugs
within a program’s source code. 
o Linker is a computer program that takes one or more objects generated by a compiler
and links them to standard library function and hence making them executable
program.
o Compiler is a special program that processes statements written in a particular
programming language and turns them into a code that a computer's processor uses.
o Source code editor is a text editor program designed by programmers to edit
source code of computer programs
o Graphical user interface builder (or GUI builder) is a software development tool that
simplifies the creation of GUIs by allowing the designer to arrange graphical control
elements (often called widgets) using a drag-and-drop WYSIWYG editor.

● These are some of the popular programming languages


o Java is a general purpose programming language with a number of features that make
the language well suited for use on the World Wide Web.
o C is a popular and widely used programming language for creating computer program.
o Python is an interpreted, object-oriented programming language similar to PERL, that
has gained popularity because of its clear syntax and readability.
o C++ is a middle-level programming language and runs on a variety of platforms, such as
Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX.
o Ruby is a dynamic, open source programming language with a focus on simplicity and
productivity. It has an elegant syntax that is natural to read and easy to write.
o PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server-side scripting language designed for web
development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. 

● Characteristics of a good programming language


o Ease of use - the language should be easy in writing codes for the program and
executing them. Simple language must use and jargons, symbols should be avoided.
o Portability – language should be independent of any particular hardware or OS so that it
could be distributed, tested and transferred to other computer and there it should
perform accurately.
o Reliability - language should have the support of error detection as well as prevention.
And also should be able to report errors in the program.
o Safety – It is concerned with the extent to which the language supports the construction
of safety-critical systems, yielding systems that are fault-tolerant, fail-safe, or robust in
the face of systematic failures.
o Performance – the language should not only capable of interacting with the end users
but also with the hardware.
o Reusability – The language should facilitate the adaptation of code for use in other
applications. (I.T.L. Education Solutions Limitations, 2006)
● Factors to consider while selecting a language for coding an application
o Suitability – Some programming languages are more suited for some applications than
others.
o Integration – if the application is going to need to interact with existing programs, it may
need to be coded in the same language as those other programs.
o Standards – Many information systems departments have standards that dictate using a
specific language in a given application environment – such as COBOL for transaction
processing and Java for Web programming.
o Programmer Availability - abilities and skills of new programmers should be considered.
So choosing a widely used language means programmers can be hired more easily.
o Portability – the ability of a programming language to work with the needed platforms
(Windows, mobile phones) becomes a key factor (Deborah Morley, 2013)

Bibliography
(n.d.). Retrieved from Ruby: https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/

(n.d.). Retrieved from


http://www.inc.com/larry-kim/10-most-popular-programming-languages-today.html

(n.d.). Retrieved from


http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/software/the-2015-top-ten-programming-languages

(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/

(n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/8996/programming-tool

(2013). Understanding COmputers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive. In C. s. Deborah Morley,


Understanding COmputers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive (p. 520).

(2006). I.T.L. Education Solutions Limitations. In Introduction to Information Technology (pp. 217-240).
Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.

(2001). In D. Ravichandran, Introduction to Computers and Communication (p. 179). Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company.

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