Ch 24 :

Magnetic Fields
I 2 I 2

TE
✓
i
I I →
HE
Fz ont l l
n
Flon 2 From Fiona * 3rd law palps
11

like pole's repel unlike poles attract

Forces Forces da Fields

Non Contact contact Force Particle

Field Interacting
-

Gravitational Normal Mass

Gravitational W , Fg g
Electric Friction Electric Fe E Charge
Magnetic Tension
Magnetic FB B magnet
Buoyant

Magnetic field ( B) unit : tesla IT) a-

derived testing :
compass

* north magnetic pole =

south geographic pole
North Pole of a compass points in the direction -

of the magnetic field magnetic field here

points to upper right
¢ -

,
a-
magnetic field vectors point
direction of compass
, y l y
in

D needles
④ l
/
I longer vectors
I /
magnetic field here 8
#
points to lower right =/

7
← magnetic
field 7

}
>

lines inside

should be to S
arrows
pointing

/
A
inn
"
- '
' s
. .

D FI E

✓v VV
L L J
j
 magnetic field
Tv
i
Refridgirator Magnet
IS
moving r

µ
'
rn

rn
n
r

' " "

110
' '' "
O l

Magnetic Fields from current carrying Wires

① Right thorn in direction - -

-
-
-
← current flow

of current ← 9

② Curl fingers around wire

-
-
-

-
-
-

to indicate a circle
magnetic field

③ Fingers point in the direction in a circle

of the magnetic field lines

around the wire

calculating Magnitude of Field ro ,

°
( due to long straight
, ,
current -

carrying wire)

B =
not no =
permeability constant
21T r
b
1.257 Symbols
-

no = × 10 T.me a- constant for vaccum :

X
(t.am ) X X X

# A
Tommy T ⑨
B tesla
• •
unit
⑧

analysis
: =
←
= =
x x x x . • • a

Vectors into Page vectors out of Page

④ ⑥
Current into Page current out of Page

a-

B -
- O X o ← need so that
x cancels out
 ✓

✓ ^

v n

radius of wire
n

← a-

loop

-0

Bar Magnet :

F little electromagnetic
,
-

created
fog
-

>

>

going in -

i
- -
i
-
.

a-
I
- -

← o

-
coming
out

4.7×10 ST
-

B -

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid ( cont

- - , - - - - < < - - - - -

xxxxx xxxxx

I .
1
 @

X I § a
e n l l l l
-
-
K '
→
-
v v -
-
✓

S N o
S N - -
B
N S
- -

a
'
-
a
£

I ,
TR
•
•
R
£9 ←
repulsive force
Bagg
 MPHW :
Magnetic Force Problems
A long straight horizontal wire carries a current I = 2.10 A to the left. A positive 1.00 C charge moves to the right at a
distance 4.50 m above the wire at constant speed v = 5000 m/s . (Figure 1) What are the magnitude and the
direction of the magnetic force on the charge?

I =
2.10A to ←
g. =
1.00C - o
r =
4. SOM V, = 5000 Mls

Bio - o Steps
•
I . determine magnitude da direction of magnetic field & position of the
I. 2.10A Charges or currents of interest

the current carrying wire produces a

magnetic field at the location of the charge *
magnetic fields exert forces on both
moving charges 4 current
carrying wires

magnetic field goes into the page ④

-

key factors to
identify
:

BT x x x ⑤ x x x

T i. Source of Magnetic Field

←T-Team
2. Charges or currents that experience
a force due to this magnetic field
• oooo • BO ⑥ Oooo •

B Mot B 11.257×1564911*112.10*12 B 9.336 10-8 T

p
=
-
-
-

- x

21T r 2 IT 14.50mi)
Magnitude of B of the magnetic
-

magnetic force is up ( 3 finger rule) field due to current

carrying wire

What is the magnitude F of the magnetic force on the charge?

F -

Igt VB * x -
Fm
F- =/ 1.00cL ( 5000mA ( 9.336×10-8 T ) F =
4.67×10-4

* magnetic force is
linearly proportional to V , a , da B .
However ,
B is inversely proportional
to d .
As d t force on
moving charge will be

so , tf r is doubled ,
B will half

A vertical wire carries current in the upward direction. An electron is traveling parallel to the wire. What is the angle
α between the velocity of the electron and the magnetic field of the wire?
900

In what direction is the force F⃗ exerted by the magnetic field on the electron?

Perpendicular 4 Away
If the magnetic field of the wire is 2.5×10−4 T and the electron moves at 1.0×107
m/s , what is the magnitude F of the force exerted on the electron?
" '

B 2.5×10 T F 191 VB
-

=
V
-
-
1.0×10 mis :

¥nx
F- 19111.0×10 mis ) ( 2.5×10 T ) 1.6×10-19 C
"
F
'
-

2500g g
-

-
=

19 "
12500 'YAH ( 1.6×10
-

AA )
-

F -
- F = 4.0×10 N
The same amount of current I is flowing through two wires, labeled 1 and 2 in the figure, in the directions indicated
by the arrows. In this problem you will determine the direction of the net magnetic field B⃗ net at each of the
indicated points (A - C).
What is the direction of the magnetic field B⃗ net at point A? Recall
that the currents in the two wires have equal magnitudes.

Benet points out of the screen

- E
What is the direction of the magnetic field B⃗ net at point
B? Bonet O =

What is the direction of the magnetic field B⃗ net at point C?

Benet points into screen at point C

Five equal-mass particles (A–E) enter a region of uniform magnetic field directed into the page. They follow the
trajectories illustrated in (Figure 1).

Which particle (if any) is neutral? D

no magnetic -0
Force
which is l I-

charge ? A

Rank from largest to smallest speed

:
cannot be determined
C I
-

Now assume that particles A, B, C, and E all have the same magnitude of electric
charge. Rank the particles A, B, C, and E on the basis of their speed.
o
'
to right b/c H Ct)
charge B. C. { E A > B > C =
E
charge

A particle with a charge of q = -5.70 nC is moving in a uniform magnetic field of B⃗ with sole component Bz =
-1.26 T . The magnetic force on the particle is measured to be F⃗ with sole component Fy = −7.60×10−7 N .
-
'
q = -

5.70 nc Bz -

-
-

1.26T Fy
-
-
-
7.60×10 N F =
lat VB

Can vy, the y component of velocity be determined? Fx O O

Vy
-

= -

Calculate vx, the x component of the velocity of the particle.

T Fy g YB
-

Vz the 2 component of velocity

V, Vy Vz
-
= t + -

cannot be determined
i j k
"
Vx Vy Va -
7.60×10 N =
I 5.70×10-94
-

( V ) f 1.26T )
-

F -
-

g O O -
1.26
✓ a 105.8 Mls

← Direction of the Force on the charge due to magnetic field

IS O .

F- =
Bgvslnf f -
-
1800 F -

-
O
 ← T is up , magnetic force →

magnetic field points into page

b/c l I -

, magnetic force
acting on particle is

opposite .

so into the -0
,
page

What should the current I2 be in the lower wire such that the magnetic field at point P is zero?

= 12 A B net
=
O B ,
= Bz

r ,

Titi :
I*
-

T
ll.257xto.IT#2A
z

= II#
ft ( 0.01M) 2K ( 0.02M)

12A Ii
0.TO/no.IoTm 24A
= =

Two concentric current loops lie in the same plane. The smaller loop has a radius of 3.9 cm and a current of 12 A.
The bigger loop has a current of 20 A . The magnetic field at the center of the loops is found to be zero.

÷,q
1.934×10-4
B
Yai smaller loop B
tianya.gg#mfll2AIB--
- -

- -

B ,
t Bi -
-
O 1.934×10-4 =
11.257×10-611-201
2 R

R -

0.065M

The magnetic field at the center of a 0.70-cm-diameter loop is 2.3 mT . What is the current in the loop?
'

11.257×10-67*112
'
-

T
-

r
-
-
O 0035M
- B =
2.3 x 10 2.3×10 T =

( 0.0035M)
I -

12.8A

A long straight wire carries the same current you found in part a. At what distance from the wire is the
magnetic field 2.3 mT ?

2.3 x 10-3 T =
lliS7xlO-°Tn)(l2.8 D= 0.00111M
2 IT d

Although the evidence is weak, there has been concern in recent years over possible health effects from the
magnetic fields generated by transmission lines. A typical high-voltage transmission line is 20 m off the ground and
carries a current of 200 A. Estimate the magnetic field strength on the ground underneath such a line.

B =
11.257×10-611200772 B =
2.00Mt
2. IT ( 20M )
What percentage of the earth’s magnetic field does this represent? (Assume that magnetic field strength at the
surface of the earth is 5×10−5T)
4%
A potential difference of 71 mV is developed across the ends of a 12.0-cm-long wire as it moves through a 0.27 T
uniform magnetic field at a speed of 4.0 m/s. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the axis of the wire.
What is the angle between the magnetic field and the wire's velocity?
'
F 19h13
-

-
Sind DV = 71×10 V D= 0.12M B -
-
0.27T V'- 4.0 MIS
T
e
e
-

-
Bud Sina Sina =
#
° ( 0.27T ) (4. OMG ) (0.12M)
Sind =
I Sind -

-
71×10-32 A -
-
33.2
0.1296 O 1296
-

A scalloped hammerhead shark swims at a steady speed of 1.8 m/s with its 80-cm-wide head perpendicular to the
earth's 50 μT magnetic field. What is the magnitude of the emf induced between the two sides of the shark's head?
1.8 Mls 50×10 GT
-

✓
=
L= 0.8M B =
E =
BLV
T
EMF
( 50×10 GT ) ( 0.8mL ( 1.8 mis) 7.2×10-5
-

E = E -
-

A coil has N turns enclosing an area of A. In a physics laboratory experiment, the coil is rotated during the time
interval Δt from a position in which the plane of each turn is perpendicular to Earth's magnetic field to one in which
the plane of each turn is parallel to the field. The magnitude of Earth's magnetic field at the lab location is B.
Part A
What is the magnitude Φinitial of the magnetic flux through one turn of the coil before it is rotated?

Qi -
-
BA cost parallel = 00 0 =
BAC ( 00 ) 0 -
-
BA

What is the magnitude Φfinal of the magnetic flux through one turn of the coil after it is rotated?

Of BA cos r
.
perpendicular =
900 Of =
BA COSMO) 0=0

What is the magnitude of the average emf induced in the entire coil?
DO =
Or .
-

Oi DO =
O -
BA E =
Na DI
Dt

E -
-
Na lo.BA# E =
NaBA_
Dt Dt

The 2.3-cm-diameter solenoid in (Figure 1) passes through the center of a 6.0-cm-diameter loop. The magnetic
field inside the solenoid is 0.30 T .
What is the magnetic flux through the loop when it is
perpendicular to the solenoid?

0 =
AB cost 0 =
IT ( O 0115510.30T )
-

"

0--1.246×10-4 cost 09 0=1.246×10 Wb

What is the magnetic flux through the loop when it is tilted at a 60∘ angle?

same

0¥74 B -
-
not