Quarter 1-Week 6-Lesson 5 Division of Polynomials: Mathematics 10 Learning Segment Kit

Mathematics 10
LEARNING SEGMENT KIT

Quarter 1- Week 6-Lesson 5
Division of Polynomials
Grade Level Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of sequences,
polynomials and polynomial equations.
Most Essential Learning Competency: The learners performs division of polynomials using long
division and synthetic division. M10AL - Ig - 1
Learning Outcomes:
• To performs division of polynomials using long division and synthetic division
• To explain the concept of division of polynomial
• To appreciate division of polynomials to justify how useful the polynomials are in dealing
with real-life problems.
Encircle the best answer that suits to each question.

1. The following are the examples of polynomials except _______.
A. x2 + x − 2 B. x3 − y2 C. x4 − 3x2 + 4x3 − 3 D. 2x3 − 3x – 2
2. What is the quotient when x2 – 4 is divided by x+2?
A. -x - 2 B. x - 2 C. x + 4 D. x – 4
3. Which of the following polynomials is exactly divisible by (2x+1)
A. 2x2 − 5x − 3 B. x2 − 5x − 3 C. −2x2 + 5x + 3 D. x2 + 5x − 3
4. If (8x − 4x − 2x + 7x 4 + 3 ) is divided by (x-3) using synthetic division, The numbers in the first row
3 5
would be.
A. 8 -4 -2 7 0 3 B. 4 7 0 8 -2 3 C. -4 7 8 0 -2 3 D. 8 -4 -2 0 7 3
It is here to help you master the Division of Polynomials using long division and synthetic division.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using questions that follow. Another module is set for you to explore. Some real-life
situations require the application of polynomials. Just like an engineers can use polynomials to create
building plans and entrepreneurs can use polynomials to design cost-effective products.
What is Dividing Polynomials?
Polynomials are algebraic expressions that consist of variables and coefficients. It is written in the

following format: 5x2 + 6x - 17. This polynomial has three terms that are arranged according to their
degree. The term with the highest degree is placed first, followed by the lower ones. Dividing polynomials
is an algorithm to solve a rational number that represents a polynomial divided by a monomial or
another polynomial. The divisor and the dividend are placed exactly the same way as we do for regular
division. For example, if we need to divide 5x2 + 7x + 25 by 6x - 25, we write it in this way:
The polynomial written on top of the bar is the numerator

(5x2 + 7x + 25), while the polynomial written below the bar is
the denominator (6x - 25). This can be understood by the
following figure which shows that the numerator becomes
the dividend and the denominator becomes the divisor.
Dividing Polynomials Using Long Division
Let us go through the algorithm of dividing polynomials by binomials using an example: Divide: (4x 2 - 5x -
21) ÷ (x - 3). Here, (4x2 - 5x - 21) is the dividend, and (x - 3) is the divisor which is a binomial. Observe
the division shown below, followed by the steps.
Step 1. Divide the first term of the dividend (4x2) by the first term of the divisor (x), and put that as the first
term in the quotient (4x).
Step 2. Multiply the divisor by that answer, place the product (4x 2 - 12x) below the dividend.
Step 3. Subtract to create a new polynomial (7x - 21).
Step 4. Repeat the same process with the new polynomial obtained after subtraction.
So, when we are dividing a polynomial (4x2 - 5x - 21) with a binomial (x - 3), the quotient is 4x+7 and
the remainder is 0.
Steps in solving division of polynomials using long division
Divide the first term to the dividend (𝒙𝟑) by the first
term of the divisor (x) and write the answer (𝒙𝟐)
directly above the term of the dividend with the
corresponding variable part.
Multiply this quotient 𝒙𝟐 to the entire divisor x+1.
This gives a product of 𝒙𝟑 + . Write this product
under the dividend such that each term is directly
under the corresponding term contains the same
variable part.
Subtract the product from the dividend. This gives
the difference of -𝟑𝒙𝟐
Bring down the next term from the dividend 𝟑𝒙 to

form the expression - 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙
Repeat the process until all the terms in the

dividend are used up. Stop when the degree of the
dividend is less than the degree of the divisor.
Dividing Polynomials Using Synthetic Division
Synthetic division is a technique to divide a polynomial with a linear binomial by only considering the
values of the coefficients. In this method, we first write the polynomials in the standard form from the
highest degree term to the lowest degree terms. While writing in descending powers, use 0's as the
coefficients of the missing terms. For example, x3+3 has to be written as x3 + 0x2 + 0x + 3. Follow the
steps given below for dividing polynomials using the synthetic division method:
Let us divide x2 + 3 by x - 4.

Step 1: Write the divisor in the form of x - k and write k on the left side of the division. Here, the divisor is
x-4, so the value of k is 4.
Step 2: Set up the division by writing the coefficients of the dividend on the right and k on the left. [Note:
Use 0's for the missing terms in the dividend]
Step 3: Now, bring down the coefficient of the highest degree term of the dividend as it is. Here, the
leading coefficient is 1 (coefficient of x2).
Step 4: Multiply k with that leading coefficient and write the product below the second coefficient from the
left side of the dividend. So, we get, 4×1=4 that we will write below 0.
Step 5: Add the numbers written in the second column. Here, by adding we get 0+4=4.
Step 6: Repeat the same process of multiplication of k with the number obtained in step 5 and write the
product in the next column to the right.
Step 7: At last, we will write the final answer which will be one degree less than the dividend. So, here, in
our dividend, the highest degree term is x2, therefore, in the quotient, the highest degree term will be x.
Therefore, the answer obtained is x+4+(19/x-4).
Example:
6𝑥3 + 3𝑥2 − 2𝑥 + 4 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 − 2
STEPS IN SOLVING SYNTHETIC DIVISION
Arrange the coefficients of P(x) in descending powers of x,
placing 0s for the missing terms. The leading coefficient of
P(x) becomes the first entry of the third row.
Place the value of r in the upper left corner. In this example, x
- r = x – 2 = x – (+2), so r = 2 and bring down the first
coefficient of the dividend (6) in the third row.
Multiply the value to the (2) and write the product (12) in the
second row under the second coefficient of the dividend (3).
Add (3) and (12) and write the sum (15) in the third row right
after (6).
Multiply (15) and (2) and write the product (30) in the second
row right after (12) then repeat the process until you reach
the last number in the third row.
NAME:
GRADE & SECTION:
Answer Sheet
(Week 6)
Direction: Use this paper provided as your activity sheet. Provide and attach separate bond paper
for answers(if necessary) and for your solutions.
EXERCISES:
A. Let us try to answer more challenging set of problems on division of polynomials using long division and
synthetic division. Write your solution at the back of this paper.
1. If a bus moving at a constant rate travels (2x3 − x2 − 4x + 3) Km in (x2 -2x+1) hours, what is the rate of the car in
km per hour.
2. Find the quotient when x3 − 6x2 + 2x + 8 is divided by (x – 3).
Exercise 2:
B. Use synthetic division to find the quotient and remainder in each of the following. Write your complete solutions
on the back of this paper.
1. (4𝑥3 + 𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + 2) ÷ (𝑥 − 1) Quotient:___________
Remainder:_________
2. (−6𝑥4 + 𝑥2 + 2𝑥 − 2) ÷ (𝑥 − 2) Quotient:___________
Remainder:_________
3. (3𝑥3 + 2𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 4) ÷ (𝑥 + 1) Quotient:___________

Remainder:_________
Code:M10E-W6
ADDITIONAL LEARNING GUIDE: Mathematics Learning Portal Textbook Page 24-34
 Practical Math 10 Learning Portal Textbook

 https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/polynomials-division-long.html
 https://www.cuemath.com/algebra/dividing-polynomials/
 https://www.chilimath.com/lessons/intermediate-algebra/synthetic-division/
 DepEd Mathematics Quarter 1 – Module 8
The heart of man plans his way, but the Lord establishes his steps.
Proverbs 16:9
MATHEMATICS 10
Week 6 & 7 (Performance Task)
Performance Task: Making Cross Number Puzzle
Create a 10 by 10 cross-number puzzle.
Use long bond paper for the puzzle.
There must be at least five questions for both horizontal and vertical arrangements of numbers. The
questions should involve arithmetic sequences, geometric sequence, division of polynomials, remainder
theorem, factor theorem and the rational root theorem.
Criteria Poor Good Very Good

Questions are Questions are not about Questions are about the All questions are about
about the topic topic body system and most the body system and
make me think. they all require me to
think.
Layout Layout does not connect Layout of puzzle allows Layout of puzzle allows
many numbers OR for most numbers to for all numbers to
Answers in problems in connect across or down. connect across or down.
list do not match number Answers in problems Answers in problems
in puzzle listed match the position listed match the position
of the numbers within the of the numbers within
puzzle. the puzzle.
Came up with less than Came up with 12-14 Came up with complete
accurate hints accurate hints accurate hints
Prepared by: Ms. Micaella M. Olivar, LPT Code: M10PT-1

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Mathematics 10

LEARNING SEGMENT KIT

Encircle the best answer that suits to each question.

What is Dividing Polynomials?

Polynomials are algebraic expressions that consist of variables and coefficients. It is written in the

The polynomial written on top of the bar is the numerator

Bring down the next term from the dividend 𝟑𝒙 to

Repeat the process until all the terms in the

Let us divide x2 + 3 by x - 4.

2. Find the quotient when x3 − 6x2 + 2x + 8 is divided by (x – 3).

3. (3𝑥3 + 2𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 4) ÷ (𝑥 + 1) Quotient:___________

ADDITIONAL LEARNING GUIDE: Mathematics Learning Portal Textbook Page 24-34

 Practical Math 10 Learning Portal Textbook

Criteria Poor Good Very Good

Prepared by: Ms. Micaella M. Olivar, LPT Code: M10PT-1

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