DYAMANDI R SESSI ON2021- 22 CLASS–I X SUBJECT–PHYSI CS
LAWSOFMOTI ON CONTACTANDNON- CONTACTFORCES For ce Aforcei sthatphysi calcausewhi chchanges( ortendst ochange)ei thert hesi zeor shapeort hestateofrestormoti onoft hebody. Cont actf orce Thefor ceswhichar eappl i edonbodi esbymaki ngaphy sical cont actar ecal l edt he cont actfor ce. Exampl es Fri cti onalf orce, Normal reacti onf orce, Tensi onf orce, For ceexer tedbyaspr ing, Forceexer tedduet ocoll isi on. Non- cont actf orce Thefor cesexperiencedbybodi esev enwi thoutbei ngphy sical l ytouchedar ecal l ed non- contactf orces Exampl es Gr avi tat ional for ce, Elect rost ati cfor ce, Magnet icf orce. Magnit udeofnoncont actfor cesont wobodiesdependsonthepr oductoft he massesanddist anceofseparati onbet weent hem . Forcei sdir ect lypr oport ional to t hemassandi nver sel yproporti onal todist anceofseparat ion.
NEWTON’ SLAWSOFMOTI ON
Newt on’ sfi rstl awofmot ion Accor dingtoNewt on’ sfi rstlawofmotion, ifabodyi sinstat eofrestitwil lremai nin thest ateofrestandifi nmot i oni twil lremainmovi nginthesamedirect ionwitht he samespeedunl essanexter nalunbal ancedfor ceisappl i edonit. Def ini ti onofi ner ti a Thepropert yofanobjectbyvir tueofwhichabodynei therchangesi tsstat enor tendstochangei tsst ate,iscal ledi nert ia.I tisani nher entpropert yofthebodyand dependsonitsmass. I ner ti aofr est Exampl esofdai l yphenomenonoccur ri ngduet oiner ti aofr est Whenatrai nsuddenl ystar tsmovingforwar d,t hepassengerst andi ngi nthe compar tmenttendst ofall backwards. Ahangi ngcar peti sbeat enwi thast ickt ocl eani t. Onshaki ngt hebr anchesofat reet hef rui tsf all down. Thesl i dingdoor sofamet ror ail mayopenwhent het rai nst art s. I ner ti aofmot ion Exampl esofdai l yphenomenonoccur ri ngduet oiner ti aofmot ion Acy cledoesnotst opi mmedi atel yasy oust oppedal i ng. Apassengerf all sifhej umpsoutofar unni ngt rai norbus. Passenger sleanf orwar dwhenamov ingv ehi clest opssuddenl y. Abal lthr ownv ert ical lyupwar dret urnsbackt othehandsoft heper son ev eninamovi ngtrai n. Newt on’ ssecondl awofmot ion Accordi ngtoNewt on’ssecondlawofmot ion, t her ateofchangeofmoment um ofa bodyisdir ect lyproporti onaltotheforceappliedonitandt hechangei nmomentum takespl aceinthedirect ionoftheforceapplied. Li nearmoment um ( p)i sthepr oductofmassandv eloci tyoft hebody . p=mv Δp=m Δv ……. (wher eΔsi gni fi esasmal lchange) Δp/ Δt=m Δv /Δt ….( whenmassi sconst ant ) Si nceΔp/ Δt=r ateofchangeofmoment um and Δv /Δt=r ateofchangeofv eloci ty =accel erat ion Sor ateofchangeofmoment um =mass×accel erat ion Orf orceF=ma Newt on’ sfi rstl awcanbeobt ainedf rom t hesecondl aw. Exampl esf rom dai l yli feexpl ainedbysecondl aw. Whi l ecat chi ngabal lthecr icket erwi thdr awshi shandsal ongwi tht hebal l . At hlet esof tenl andonsandorf oam af tert aki ngahi ghj ump. Gl assv essel sdonotbr eakwhendr oppedonacar pet . WORKSHEET–3 Quest ion1 a)St atet wopr oper ti esoff orcesatadi stance. b)Di ff erent iat ebet weengr avi tat ional for ceandmagnet icf orce. c)Drawadi agram t oil l ust rat etensi onf orcei nasuspendedbl ockhangi ng fr om ast ri ng. d)St ateNewt on’ sfi rstl awofmot ion. e)Theseparat ionbet weentwomassesi sreducedt ohalf .Howwi llt hefor ce change?Whatchangeneedst obedonenowsothatt hefor cer emainsas befor e? Quest ion2 a)Def inef orceandmoment um . Howar etheyr elat edt oeachot her ? b)Obt ainr elat ionbet weent heS. Iuni tandc. g.suni toff orce. c)Graphicall yrepresentt hev ari ati onofmassandaccel erat ionf oraconst ant appli edf orce. d)Der iveF=ma, from t hedef ini ti onofNewt on’ ssecondl aw. e)Afor ceactsfor0.1sonabodyofmass2.0kgi nit ial l yatr est.Theforceis t henwithdr awnandt hebodymoveswi thavel oci tyof2m/s.Calcul atethe magni tudeofforce. f ) Acarofmass480kgmov i ngataspeedof54km/hr ,isst oppedby appl yi ngbrakesi n10s.Cal cul atet hef or ceappl i edbythebrakes. Quest ion3 Expl ainwhy a)Yougetl esshur twheny ouf all ongr asst hanonhar dfl oor . b)Thel owermostcoi nfr om ast ackofcar om coi nscanbehi twi thout maki ngthepi letumbl edown. c)Abal lthr ownupr etur nst ohandsoft heper sonev enonamov ingv ehi cle. d)Apassengerneedst orunashej umpsoutofar unni ngt rai n. e)I tisunsaf etol eanont hedoor sofmet ror ail coaches.
