E11- U6-PRACTICE TEST 2

LANGUAGE
I. PRONUNCIATION
Exercise 1: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. drought B. cousin C. tough D. trouble
2. A. vapour B. considerate C. fortunate D. temperature
3. A. process B. efficient C. principal D. electricity
4. A. conserve B. diverse C. severe D. preserve
Exercise 2: Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others
1. A. atmosphere B. consequence C. devastating D. disposal
2. A. evaluate B. evidence C. alternative D. endangered
3. A. disaster B. detergent C. disappear D. contaminate
4. A. responsibility B. biodiversity C. environmental D. catastrophic
II. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
Choose the best answer which best fits each space in each sentence.
1. One of the aims of Greenpeace is to raise awareness of the environmental problems __________ our
planet.
A. facing B. causing C. resulting D. threatening
2. The huge oil slick is moving slowly towards Ireland, and several miles of coastline are __________
threat.
A. at B. in C. under D. on
3. Rising water temperatures is a result of global warming and may eventually increase sea levels due to the
dissolving of __________.
A. mountains B. wetlands C. glaciers D. river beds
4. As air pollution continues to be released into the atmosphere, __________ becomes more depleted,
resulting in an increase of ultraviolet radiation on earth.
A. ozone layer B. oceans C. rainforests D. carbon dioxide
5. __________ is a greenhouse gas that is released by human activities and speeds up global warming.
A. petroleum B. natural gas C. carbon dioxide D. nuclear power
6. Too many greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere may block heat from escaping into space and trap too
much heat next to the Earth's surface causing __________
A. another ice age B. global warming C. earthquakes D. volcanic eruptions
Choose the closest meaning A, B, C or D to the original.
7. After fighting the fire for 12 hours, the firemen succeeded in putting it out.
A. The fireman managed in vain to put the fire out after a 12-hour fight.
B. Having fought the fire for 12 hours, the firemen were able to put it out.
C. The firemen wasted 12 hours putting the fire out.
D. Fighting the fire for 12 hours, the fire was put out.
Choose the best answer which best fits each space in each sentence.
8. __________in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights.
A. Having painted B. To have painted
C. Having been painted D. To have been painted
9. She's angry about __________to the farewell party last night.
A. not having invited B. not to have invited
C. not having been invited D. not to have been invited
10. After we identified the causes of global warming, we __________some solutions to reduce its effects.
A. worked out B. carried out C. put out D. carried on
III. WORD FORM
Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same
line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
How will climate change affect us?
The scale of potential impacts is (0) uncertain. The changes could CERTAIN
drive freshwater (1) __________, bring sweeping changes in food SHORT
production conditions, and increase the number of deaths from floods,
storms, heat waves and droughts. This is because climate change is
expected to increase the (2) __________of extreme weather events - FREQUENT
though linking any single event to global warming is complicated.
Scientists forecast more rainfall overall, but say the risk of drought in
inland areas during hot summers will increase. More flooding is
expected from storms and (3) __________sea levels. There are, RISE
however, likely to be very strong regional (4) __________in these
patterns. VARY

Poorer countries, which are least equipped to deal with rapid change,
could suffer the (5) __________ MUCH
Plant and animal (6) __________are predicted as habitats change faster EXTINCT
than species can adapt, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has
warned that the health of millions could be threatened by increases in
malaria, water-borne disease and (7) __________
As an increased amount of CO2 is released into the atmosphere, there is
increased uptake of CO2 by the oceans, and this leads to them NUTRIENT
becoming more acidic. This ongoing process of acidification could
pose major problems for the world's coral reefs, as the changes in
chemistry prevent coils from forming a calcified skeleton, which is
essential for their (8) __________
SURVIVE
Computer models are used to study the dynamics of the Earth's climate
and make projections about future temperature change. But these
climate models (9) __________ on "climate sensitivity" – the amount
of warming or cooling that occurs as a particular factor, such as CO 2
DIFFERENT
goes up or down.
Models also differ in the way that they express "climate feedbacks".
Global warming will cause some changes that look likely to create
further heating, such as the release of large quantities of the greenhouse
gas methane as permafrost (10) __________ frozen soil found mainly PERMANENCE
in the Arctic) melts. This is known as a positive climate feedback.
But negative feedbacks exist that could offset warming. Various
"reservoirs" on Earth absorb CO2 as part of the carbon cycle - the
process through which carbon is exchanged between, for example, the
 oceans and the land.
IV. ERROR CORRECTION
Identify the underlined part of each sentence that must be changed in order for the sentence to be
correct.
1. An organ is a group of tissues capable to perform some special function, as, for example, the heart, the
liver or the lungs.
A. is B. of tissues C. to perform D. for example
2. Some methods to prevent soil erosion are plowing parallel with the slopes of hills, to plant trees on
unproductive land, and rotating crops.
A. Some B. to prevent C. are D. to plant
3. It is said that Einstein felt very badly about the application of his theories to the creation of weapons of
war.
A. It is said B. very C. badly D. to
4. Dr Frank Conrad's musical radio broadcasts in 1919 led Westinghouse open the first fully licensed
commercial broadcasting system in the United States on November 2, 1920.
A. musical B. open C licensed D. on
5. Alpine Saint Bernards are too good at following the scent of humans, even in snow, that they are used by
ski patrols as rescue dogs.
A. too B. following C. are used D. as
B. READING
Exercise 1: Read questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits
each space. There is an example at the beginning.
GLOBAL WARMING
Few people now (0) question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many
scientists (1) __________ the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the world's temperatures
and are convinced that, more than (2) __________before, the Earth is at (3) __________from the forces of
the wind, rain and sun. (4) __________ to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such as
hurricanes and droughts, even more (5) __________and causing sea levels all around the world to (6)
__________.
Environmental groups are putting (7) __________on governments to take action to reduce the amount of
carbon dioxide which is given (8) __________by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at
its source. They are in (9) __________of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave
energy devices, which could then replace existing power (10) __________.
Some scientists, (11) __________, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases
into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait (12) __________ hundred years to notice the results.
Global warming, it seems, is to stay.
0. A. hesitate B. question C. disagree D. concern
1. A. give B. put C. take D. have
2. A. yet B. never C. once D. ever
3. A. threat B. danger C. risk D. harm
4. A. Concerning B. Regarding C. Depending D. According
5. A. strict B. severe C. strong D. heavy
6. A. raise B. arise C. rise D. lift
7. A. force B. pressure C. persuasion D. encouragement
8. A. off B. away C. up D. over
9. A. belief B. request C. favour D. suggestion
10. A. factories B. generations C. houses D. stations
11. A. but B. although C. despite D. however
12. A. several B. over C. numerous D. various
Exercise 2: Match the questions to the answers about climate change.
1. What is climate change?
2. What is the 'greenhouse effect?'
3. What is the evidence of global warming?
4. How will the weather change?
5. What is the international community doing?
A. Sea levels have risen by 10 - 20 cm. This is due to the expansion of warming oceans. Temperature
records show that the average temperature has increased by about 0.62C in the 20th century.
B. The Kyoto Protocol (1997) commits industrialized countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. It
suffered a huge set back in 2001 when the USA, responsible for a quarter of global emissions, pulled out.
C. The planet's climate is constantly changing but now scientists believe that the extreme changes taking
place today are a result of human activity. The changes we see today may affect the stability of the climate
on which much life on the planet depends.
D. The term refers to the role played by the layer of gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous
oxide, which trap the heat from the sun in the earth's atmosphere. We need the layer to keep in some of the
heat but now the concentration of gases, especially CO2 is increasing and retaining more heat.
E. It is difficult to predict, but we can expect more extreme weather conditions like floods, storms and heat
waves. Scientists believe there will be more rain but also a higher risk of drought in inland areas
C. WRITING
Complete the second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence. Write between two and rive words.
1. It's Carl's job to read the barometer every morning. RESPONSIBILITY
Carl ____________________ the barometer every morning.
2. CFC's have badly affected the ozone layer. EFFECT
CFC's have____________________ the ozone layer.
3. At least he said he was sorry that he'd ruined my joke! APOLOGISED
At least he____________________my joke!
4. There's no point trying to persuade him to recycle bottles and paper. WASTE
It____________________trying to persuade him to recycle bottles and paper.
5. Even though he'd robbed twice, Red still enjoyed living in the city. HAVING
Red still enjoyed living in the city ____________________twice.