WEEK 25-REVISION

A. PHONETICS
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. dinner B. disappear C. discover D. dinosaur
2. A. robot B. robe C. rock D. role
3. A. constant B. modern C. obvious D. robot
4. A. continue B. finish C. likely D. instant
5. A. annual B. basic C. average D. capacity
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. importance B. happiness C. employment D. relation
2. A. possible B. cultural C. confident D. supportive
3. A. office B. nature C. result D. farmer
4. A. difficult B. popular C. effective D. national
5. A. answer B. reply C. singer D. future
B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR
1. Choose the correct word in the bracket to complete the sentences.
deforestation heat-related emissions extinction absorb
catastrophic footprint diversity preserve infectious
1. Global warming has proved truly ________ catastrophic _________ for the environment.
2. Having measured the company's carbon _______ footprint _____, they realised that the amount of carbon
dioxide (CO) it produced was great.
3. Rainforests have the highest species ________ diversity _____ on the earth.
4. We need to _______ preserve ___ the diversity of wildlife because each species has an important role to
play.
5. Scientists have warned about the relationship between climate change and the spread of __ infectious ___
diseases.
6. The alarming rate of ______ deforestation ________ results in damage to the quality of the land.
7. The increase in the earth's temperature can cause _______ heat-related _______ illnesses which can be
dangerous to people.
8. A large amount of carbon dioxide _________ emissions _______ are released into the atmosphere by
burning fossil fuels.
9. Many species are threatened with _______ extinction _______ due to deforestation and loss of habit.
10. More trees should be planted as they _______ absorb _______ carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.
IL. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same line.
1. Global warming may lead to ____extreme_____ weather events, including heat waves, floods, and
powerful storms, which could affect people's lives. (EXTREMELY)
2. Every one of us can help to protect and sustain our environment by ____changing_____ our consumption
habits. (CHANGE)
3. Even slight increase in the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can cause a ___significant__ rise in
temperature. (SIGNIFICANCE)
4. There is a ___connection____ between the recent droughts and climate change. (CONNECT)
5. Farming contributes more than 30 percent of the total greenhouse gas _____emissions____. (EMIT)
6. The overuse of chemical ____fertilizers____ is a serious threat to the environment. (FERTILIZE)
7. Global warming is the increase in the earth's average surface temperature due to the warming
____effects_____ of greenhouse gases. (EFFECTIVE)
8. The main cause of _____global____ warming is the burning of fossil fuels, such as natural gas, oil, and
coal. (GLOBE)
9. The ____warming____ of the earth's atmosphere causes sea-level rise. (WARM)
10. Many animal species are in danger of extinction due to the loss of their habitat and inability to
____adapt_____ to climate change. (ADAPTION)
III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
1. Developed countries are responsible for 80% of the ____ carbon dioxide that is already in the atmosphere.
A. man-made B. men-made C. man-making D. man-mades
2. The government must take ____ to cut vehicle emissions.
A. measures B. repeat C. discover D. ban
3. They didn't forget ____ a short vacation in Cuc Phuong National Park last year.
A. being spent B. having been spent C. to spend D. having spent
4. The effects of climate change on humans and nature are ____.
A. catastrophic B. temperature C. global D. risk
5. A layer of greenhouse gases – primarily water vapor, and carbon dioxide - acts as a ____ blanket for the
Earth, absorbing heat and warming the surface.
A. heat B. heating C. thermal D. hot
6. We admired the Japanese ____ the city of Fukushima after the disaster.
A. to being rebuilt B. for having rebuilt C. to rebuild D. of having rebuilt
7. We need to preserve the ____ of wildlife because each species has an important role to play.
A. diversity B. various C. population D. type
8. Most climate scientists agree the main cause of the current global warming trend is human expansion of the
greenhouse ____.
A. gas B. damage C. cause D. effect
9. ____ trees around the house on the south and west sides, they can save up to about $250 a year on cooling
and heating.
A. Having planted B. Being planted C. To plant D. To have planted
10. The increase in the earth's temperature can cause ____illness which can be dangerous to people.
A. heat-related B. heat-relate C. heat-relating D. heated-relate
11. Certain ____ in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, block heat from
escaping.
A. gases B. layers C. effects D. emissions
12. Having developed green technologies with low-carbon emissions, ____ intends to get rid of coal.
A. that country B. the communities C. the effort D. the possibility
13. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary ____ gases that cause global warming.
A. greenhouse B. house C. plant D. home
14. Carbon dioxide is released through ____ processes such as respiration and volcano eruptions and through
____ activities such as deforestation, land use change, and burning fossil fuels.
A. man-made B. ordinary-man-made C. human natural D. natural-human
15. Vietnam has been named among the 12 countries most ____ for climate change by the World Bank.
A. at danger B. in risk C. at risk D. ready
. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
Consequences of Global Warming on Wildlife
Increasing global temperatures are expected to (1) ____ ecosystems, pushing extinction to those species that
cannot adapt. The first comprehensive assessment of the extinction risk (2) ____ global warming found that
more than 1 million species could be extinctive by 2050 if the current rate continues.
A recent study of (3) ____ 2,000 species of plants and animals discovered movement toward the poles at an
average rate 3.8 miles per decade.
The latest climate change report found that approximately 20 to 30 percent of plant and animal species
assessed so far are likely to be at (4) ____ risk of extinction if global average temperature increases by more
than 2.7 to 4.5 degree Fahrenheit.
(5) ____ polar bears are drowning because they have to swim longer distances to reach ice floes. The U.S.
Geological Survey has predicted that (6) ____ of the world's polar bear populations will be extinct by the mid-
century due to melting of the Arctic ice cap.
The ocean will continue to become more acidic due to carbon dioxide emissions. (7) ____ this acidification,
species with hard calcium carbonate shells are vulnerable, as are coral reefs, (8) ____
are vital to ocean ecosystems. Scientists predict that a 3.6 degree Fahrenheit increase (9) ____ temperature
would (10) ____ out 97 percent of the world's coral feels.
1. A. endanger B. benefit C. harm D. use
2. A. to B. from C. off D. on
3. A. nearly B. near C. relatively D. wealthy
4. A. declined B. born C. presented D. increased
5. A. Some B. Few C. More D. Little
6. A. two-third B. two-thirds C. two-three D. two-thirdth
7. A. As B. Due C. Because D. Because of
8. A. that B. when C. which D. who
9. A. away B. in C. at D. of
10. A. send B. broke C. wipe D. lay
D. WRITING
I. Rewrite the sentences, using perfect gerunds.
1. Nam won a scholarship. We are excited about that fact.
→ We are excited about Nam’s winning a scholarship.
2. Entering the room, I was surprised at what I saw.
→ When I enter the room, I was surprised at what I saw.
3. The volunteers couldn't mow the old lady's lawns because of the rain.
→ The rain prevented the volunteers from mowing the old lady's lawns.
4. Since we have become too dependent on the use of electricity, we have to find alternative sources of energy
before fossil fuels run out.
→ Having become too dependent on the use of electricity, we have to find alternative sources of energy
before fossil fuels runs out.
5. Tonya had dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach. She was strongly criticised for that.
→ Tonya was strongly criticised for having dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach.
6. In the Tree Planting Competition, the students in Group 11G planted the most trees in the schoolyard. They
were praised for that.
→ The students in Group 11G were praised for having planted the most trees in the schoolyard in the Tree
Planting Competition.
7. After she replaced all the light bulbs in her house with LED lights, she same a lot of money on her
electricity bills.
→ Having replaced all the light bulbs in her house with LED lights, she saved a lot of money on her
electricity bills.
8. Sam had not worked hard enough in his previous job. He regretted it.
→ Sam regretted not having worked hard enough in his previous job.
9. Someone had cut down the oldest tree in the park. The police suspected Mike of doing it.
→ The police suspected Mike of having cut down the oldest tree in the park.
10. Since the farmers used too much chemical fertiliser on their farm, they now have to drink polluted water.
→ Having used too much chemical fertiliser on their farm, the farmers now have to drink polluted water.
11. Denis had taken an active part in the Green Summer activities. He was rewarded for that.
→ Denis was rewarded for having taken an active part in the Green Summer activities.
12. After the students had learnt about the benefits of recycling and reusing, they started collecting waste
paper, bottles, and cans to recycle and reuse.
→ Having learnt about the benefits of recycling and reusing, the students started collecting waste paper,
bottles, and cans to recycle and reuse.
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
11. We need to cut down on the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
A. intake B. retake C. uptake D. discharge
12. Land erosion is mainly caused by widespread deforestation.
A. afforestation B. reforestation C. logging D. lawn mowing
13. In the past, a lot of countries denied having contributed to global warming.
A. agreed B. refuted C. approved D. avoided
14. Most people admit that they contribute to global warming.
A. be partly responsible for B. disapprove C. neglect D. cause
15. We must admit that people are heavily polluting the environment.
A. decline B. rebut C. deny D. accept
16. In the polluted environment, infectious diseases can be passed easily from one person to another.
A. fatal B. safe C. contagious D. immune
17. Global warming has severe impact on water supplies.
A. very good B. very bad C. normal D. long-lasting
18. Global warming occurs when the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the heat from the sun.
A. catch B. discharge C. dispose D. release
19. Such unhygienic conditions encourage the spread of diseases.
A. decline B. stability C. decrease D. increase
20. Deforestation is one of the biggest environmental threats to the ecological balance in the world.
A. sureties B. certainties C. dangers D. safety
21. As fossil fuel resources are running out, it is important for the government to find some types of
alternative energy.
A. irreplaceable B. substitute C. impossible D. practical
22. Local people have cut down the forests to make way for farming.
A. allow farming to take place B. lose way in farming
C. have a way of farming D. give way to farming
23. Because farmers had been informed about the bad effects of chemical fertilisers, they started using them
sparingly on their farms.
A. carelessly B. moderately C. recklessly D. irresponsibly
24. Global warming is one of the biggest issues facing humans nowadays.
A. causes B. factors C. concerns D. agreements
25. The biggest cause of global warming is carbon dioxide emissions from coal burning power plants.
A. fauna B. flora C. trees D. factories
26. Global warming effects on people and nature are catastrophic.
A. destructive B. constructive C. evaluative D. creative
27. Coal burning releases a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
A. discourages B. reduces C. relaxes D. discharges
28. The demand for cars is increasing rapidly in the modern world.
A. need B. offer C . reply D. discovery
29. Forests absorb and capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
A. take up B. take in C. take over D. take to
30. The process of forests absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere has been disrupted by the current
alarming rate of deforestation.
A. discussed B. discovered C. disturbed D. distributed
31. Flood and drought are two major causes of famine.
A. family B. obesity C. hygiene D. hunger
32. Water shortages are likely to delay economic growth and damage ecosystems.
A. aid B. advance C. deter D. defer
33. It is important to maintain the biological diversity of the rainforests.
A. similarity B. identity C. variety D. compatibility
34. We may help if we cut down on energy use by using LED lightbulbs and unplug unused electronic
devices.
A. reuse B. reduce C. recycle D. reproduce
35. Reusing and recycling glass, plastic, paper and other products help to reduce waste and pollution, and
conserve natural resources.
A. preserve B. reserve C. converse D. reverse
36. The thick layer of global warming gases keeps more heat from the sun, which leads to the increase in the
earth temperature.
A. catches B. releases C. allows D. loses
37. Global warming results in climate change and extreme weather patterns.
A. results from B. causes C. originates D. is due to
38. Our city is going to ban supermarkets from using plastic bags.
A. reduce B. encourage C. prohibit D. allow
39. Many species are threatened with extinction due to deforestation and loss of habitat.
A. damaged B. spoilt C. treated D. endangered
40. It is important to raise money to help people who have to suffer consequences of global warming.
A. collect B. donate C. sponsor D. contribute
41. Everyone should remember to switch off the lights before going out.
A. go off B. turn off C. take off D. log off
42. We may help to control global warming by reducing carbon footprints in our homes.
A. putting up with B. getting down to C. cutting down on D. going back to
Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
43. Cutting down on energy use is the best way to help reduce global warming.
A. Shrinking B. Declining C. Decreasing D. Increasing
44. We should grow more trees so that they can absorb more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
A. emit B. take in C. consume D . cut off
45. Releasing too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere can lead to global warming.
A. result in B. result from C. cause D. activate
46. Farmers turned to bio-fertilisers after they had been told about the dangers of chemical fertilisers.
A. trusted B. disbelieved C. counted on D. depended on
47. The factory owner denied having said that he should take responsibility for the damage that his factory
caused to the surrounding environment.
A. refuted B. rejected C. opposed D. accepted
48. Some scientists are accused of not having reported the effects of climate change.
A. exonerated B. blamed C. charged D. complained
49. They were criticised for having acted irresponsibly towards the environment.
A. blamed B. commended C. condemned D. denounced
50. The factory was fined for having dumped a huge amount of rubbish into the river.
A. penalised B. levied C. compensated D. punished

Unit 7. FURTHER EDUCATION

Part I. PHONETICS
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other
three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. degree B. doctorate C. graduate D. kindergarten
2. A. bachelor B. chapter C. chemistry D. teacher
3. A. culture B. student C. institution D. university
4. A. appreciate B. psychology C. programme D. respectively
5. A. academic B. apply C. apology D. achieve
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position
of primary stress in each of the following questions.
6. A. biology B. geography C. education D. relationship
7. A. broaden B. provide C. pursue D. succeed
8. A. college B. degree C. language D. subject
9. A. analytical B. opportunity C. qualification D. university
10. A. bachelor B. diploma C. internship D. scholarship
Part II. VOCABULARY
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
11. It is not easy at all to get a good job without any ____ qualifications.
A. academic B. social C. great D. favourite
12. At the ____ level, you can join three-year or four-year colleges.
A. primary B. secondary C. postgraduate D. undergraduate
13. Hugh is quite worried because he hasn't ____ for the end-of-term test.
A. examined B. researched C. studied D. read
14. Any pupil caught ____ was made to stand at the front of the class.
A. misbehave B. misbehaved C. misbehaviour D. misbehaving
15. They ____ sacrifices so that their only child could have a good education.
A. made B. did C. provided D. lent
16. A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants ____ degrees at all levels in a
variety of subjects.
A. secondary B. optional C. academic D. vocational
17. You have to be highly ____ to do well in these subjects.
A. competitive B. competitor C. competition D. competed
18. I can't cope well ____ all the homework I've got to do!
A. on B. of C. about D. with
19. ____ education normally provides undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational
education and training.
A. Intermediate B. Primary C. Secondary D. Tertiary
20. You'll find plenty of books on the ____ of business studies in the library.
A. lesson B. subject C. curriculum D. schedule
21. I wonder if you could tell me who was awarded the ____.
A. scholar B. scholastic C. scholarship D. scholarly
22. My dad said that I'd better spend more time on my ____.
A. student B. studied C. studious D. studies
23. He has got a degree ____ Information Technology from Oxford University.
A. in B. for C. on D. of
24. I don't really ____ the point of taking the exam when you are not ready for it.
A. annoy B. have C. see D. take
25. If you're not sure what “something” means, look it ____ in the dictionary.
A. for B. out C. at D. up
26. Mrs Dawson said that we are ____ our lesson in the library next Monday.
A. going B. having C. making D. reading
27. My dad wants me to go to university, but I'm in ____ minds about it.
A. different B. my C. some D. two
28. Yesterday, we had a discussion ____ different cultures.
A. about B. around C. for D. from
29. I still have a lot ____ about the English language.
A. for learning B. of learning C. learning D. to learn
30. Belinda missed a few months of school because of illness and found it difficult to keep ____ with her
classmates.
A. on B. off C. down D. up
31. If you need to ____ the teacher's attention, just put up your hand.
A. attract B. pay C. take D. pull
32. I did six hours of ____ for the test, but I still failed.
A. education B. survey C. revision D. training
33. Please, don't forget ____ your essays during Friday's lesson.
A. hand in B. handing in C. to hand in D. to handing in
34. Australians and New Zealanders often have a/an ____ year before going to college or after finishing high
school to travel overseas independently.
A. gap B. new C. busy D. graduation
35. It's my ____ ceremony next week; I think my parents are looking forward to it more than I am.
A. graduation B. graduate C. graduating D. graduates
36. Going to university is expensive because in addition to the tuition ____, there are expenses for
accommodation, books, living costs, etc.
A. grants B. fees C. fares D. scholarships
37. When I got to 16, some of my friends left school to get a job, but most ____.
A. dropped out B. moved back C. got in D. stayed on
38. The more ____ you have, the more chance you have of finding a better job.
A. courses B. contributions C. qualifications D. qualities
39. Next year, I have to decide which area of medicine I want to ____ in.
A. come B. focus C. hand D. specialise
40. I got a diploma in business administration, but still sometimes wish I had been able to go to university and
get a ____.
A. certificate B. diploma C. degree D. scholarship
Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
41. When you sit for the exam tomorrow, try to stay calm and relaxed.
A. answer B. take C. make D. write
42. If the examiner can't make sense of what your essay is about, you'll get the low mark.
A. declare B. estimate C. communicate D. understand
43. If you want to get a high mark on a test, review the material carefully beforehand.
A. performance B. score C. figure D. note
44. Some students only cram for tests when there is little time left, so their results are not satisfactory.
A. prepare in a short period B. prepare in a long time
C. prepare well D. prepare badly
45. My application for the scholarship has been turned down because the transcript of marks is not satisfactory
enough.
A. cancelled B. postponed C. reduced D. rejected
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meanin the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
46. Students also have the opportunity to choose from a wide range of optional courses in the university.
A. mandatory B. selective C. free D. limited
47. Tom did miserably on the final test, which caused a shock to everyone in the class.
A. took B. sat for C. failed D. passed
48. Schools are more relaxed nowadays as discipline is less tough than before.
A. accurate B. severe C. strict D. loose
49. Well, Mrs Baker, you'll be pleased to hear that George has made a dramatic improvement in geography.
A. meaningful B. important C. insignificant D. steady
50. Most of the students in our country are interested in pursuing higher education to get bachelor's degrees.
A. following B. giving up C. trying D. interrupting
I. Put the verbs in the present perfect or the present perfect continuous tense.
1. I (try) ___have been trying___ to learn French for years, but I (not succeed) ___haven’t succeeded__ yet.
2. She (read) ___has been reading___ all the works of Dickens. How many (you read) ___have you read___?
3. I (wait) ___have been waiting___ here nearly half an hour for my girlfriend; do you think she (forget)
___has forgot____ to come?
4. Mary (rest) ___has rested__ in the garden all day because she (be) _____was____ ill.
5. Although John (study) ____has been studying___ at the University for 5 years, he (not get) __hasn’t got___
his degree yet.
6. Jack (go) ____has gone___ to Switzerland for a holiday. He (never, be) ___has never been____ there.
7. We (live) ____have lived__ here for the last six months, and (just, decide) __have just decided___ to move.
8. That book (lie) ____has been lying____ on the table for weeks. You (not read) ___haven’t you read___
it yet?
9. He (not be) ____hasn’t been____ here since Christmas; I wonder where he (live) ___has lived___ since
then.
10. He (lose) ____has lost____ his books. He (look) ___has been looking___ for them all afternoon, but they
(not turn up) ___haven’t turned up___ yet.
11. She (work) ___has been working___ so hard this week that she (not have) ____hasn’t had___ time to go
to the cinema.
12. Your hair is wet. (You swim) ___Have you swum____ for a long time?
13. Bill is still a bad driver although he (drive) ____has been driving____ cars for six years.
14. You look very tired. (You work) ____Have you worked___ very hard ?
15. The phone (ring) ___has been ringing__ for 2 minutes, but I (not answer) ___haven’t answered__ it yet.
II. Put the correct preposition for the sentences below.
1. Academic courses should teach practical skills ______in_______ addition to critical thinking.
2. When a student enters a college or university, he/she has to choose a main subject ______of_____ study,
which is called major.
3. Specialized vocational courses such _______as______ design and cooking are very popular.
4. Students _______with________ bachelor's degrees can pursue postgraduate education to get master's or
doctoral degrees.
5. It's difficult ________to_______ find a place to park in the city centre.
6. Although Kevin did not have any academic qualifications, he had a lot _____of______ practical
experience.
7. We have just attended a seminar _______on____ further education.
8. Students can choose to pursue further education which is generally divided ______into_____ higher
education and vocational education and training.
9. I started the course two weeks ago, but I have already passed most _______of______ the tests.
10. The academic year has just started and I have been living _______in_____ the halls of residence so far.
IV. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the
same line.
1. Can you explain what types of _____funding___ are available for international students? (FUND)
2. Are _____international_____ students allowed to work part-time? (NATIONAL)
3. I'd like to consult you about the ______cultural_____ differences (that) I should be aware of. (CULTURE)
4. What _____worries______ me most is the high cost of living in London as an international student.
(WORRY)
5. One of the reasons for Vietnamese students' studying abroad is the quality of the _____academic_____
programmes in higher education. (ACADEMY)
6. Most of these students are interested in pursuing ______undergraduate_______ studies for bachelor's
degrees. (GRADUATE)
7. Some students decide to study in the United States or the United Kingdom to improve their language
_____skills______, which can help them to get a better job. SKILLFUL
8. Some universities in the United States offer different ____scholarships___ to international students to help
to cover tuition fees and living costs. (SCHOOL)
9. The higher education _____qualifications_____ gained at UK universities and colleges are recognised
worldwide. (QUALIFY)
10. Universities must better prepare students for their _____professional_____ careers. (PROFESSION)