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    Sabk

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    Engr Hafeezullah
    This document provides information about sabkhas, which are salt flats found in desert and coastal areas of the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. Sabkhas are characterized by salt flats, salty soils, scoured sand plains, and sand dunes formed by wind erosion. Evaporite minerals like aragonite, gypsum, and halite are commonly deposited in coastal sabkhas. Coastal sabkhas form in the supratidal zone where intermittent flooding by seawater saturates soils and deposits salts. Engineering challenges of sabkha soils include susceptibility to liquefaction, rapid loss of bearing capacity, reduced concrete durability due to salt attack, and heaving or subsidence caused by phase changes in salts.

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    Sabk

    Uploaded by

    Engr Hafeezullah
    27 views3 pages
    This document provides information about sabkhas, which are salt flats found in desert and coastal areas of the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. Sabkhas are characterized by salt flats, salty soils, scoured sand plains, and sand dunes formed by wind erosion. Evaporite minerals like aragonite, gypsum, and halite are commonly deposited in coastal sabkhas. Coastal sabkhas form in the supratidal zone where intermittent flooding by seawater saturates soils and deposits salts. Engineering challenges of sabkha soils include susceptibility to liquefaction, rapid loss of bearing capacity, reduced concrete durability due to salt attack, and heaving or subsidence caused by phase changes in salts.

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    This document provides information about sabkhas, which are salt flats found in desert and coastal areas of the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. Sabkhas are characterized by salt flats, salty soils, scoured sand plains, and sand dunes formed by wind erosion. Evaporite minerals like aragonite, gypsum, and halite are commonly deposited in coastal sabkhas. Coastal sabkhas form in the supratidal zone where intermittent flooding by seawater saturates soils and deposits salts. Engineering challenges of sabkha soils include susceptibility to liquefaction, rapid loss of bearing capacity, reduced concrete durability due to salt attack, and heaving or subsidence caused by phase changes in salts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views3 pages

    Sabk

    Uploaded by

    Engr Hafeezullah
    This document provides information about sabkhas, which are salt flats found in desert and coastal areas of the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. Sabkhas are characterized by salt flats, salty soils, scoured sand plains, and sand dunes formed by wind erosion. Evaporite minerals like aragonite, gypsum, and halite are commonly deposited in coastal sabkhas. Coastal sabkhas form in the supratidal zone where intermittent flooding by seawater saturates soils and deposits salts. Engineering challenges of sabkha soils include susceptibility to liquefaction, rapid loss of bearing capacity, reduced concrete durability due to salt attack, and heaving or subsidence caused by phase changes in salts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Sabkha

    Chapter · January 2016


    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_248-1

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    S

    Sabkha deposits of deflated soil may contain larger salt crystals,


    including clustered gypsum crystals known as desert roses.
    Matthew McMackin1 and William H. Godwin2 Below stable sabkha surfaces, salts may accumulate within
    1
    Gardnerville, NV, USA the upper 0.5 m layer to form a salt-cemented soil, such as
    2
    Carmel, CA, USA gypcrete, that can provide limited strength to sabkha soils.
    Aragonite, gypsum, and halite are common in coastal
    sabkhas of the Red Sea (Banat et al. 2005), typical of
    Synonyms seawater-fed sabkhas. Coastal sabkhas in the Arabian Gulf
    are associated with dolomitization of aragonite and the depo-
    Salina; Salt flat; Salt pan sition of gypsum in shallow sediments (Patterson and Kins-
    man 1982).
    Coastal sabkhas form in the supratidal zone where inter-
    Definition mittent flooding by seawater saturates soils and deposits
    evaporate salts (Glennie 1998). Seasonal tides can alter the
    This is an Arabic term for salt flats found in the deserts and water table and cause local flooding of back beach areas.
    coastal areas of the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. The Soluble salts that add strength to sabkha soils may dissolve,
    type locality is the Sabkha Matti, at the boundary of the changing soil properties abruptly. Weak, saturated soils can
    United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. Similar environmen- extend several meters below the surface.
    tal conditions are recognized in other arid regions where Sabkha soils can be difficult to manage for engineering
    evaporite minerals are deposited. purposes. Seasonal saturation can make soils susceptible to
    liquefaction or rapid loss of bearing capacity, as shown on
    Fig. 1. Reduced durability of concrete from attack by salt is
    Characteristics common in the Arabian Peninsula, with chloride being more
    problematic in hot-humid coastal environments (Haque
    The sabkha landscape includes salt flats, salty soils (halosols), et al. 2006). The deposition or dissolution salts in the soil
    scoured sand plains, and sand dunes. Wind erosion commonly can cause heaving or subsidence. Phase changes between
    forms a sabkha plain, known as a Stokes surface (Fryberger gypsum and anhydrite in sabkha soils can cause volumetric
    et al. 2006), where the strength of cohesion from water or change of as much 40 % resulting in heaving or subsidence
    crystalline salt is sufficient to bind sand grains in place. (Azam 2007).
    Windblown sand deposits may contain significant portions
    of salt-cemented silt-sand pellets and crystalline salt. Lag

    # Springer International Publishing AG 2017


    P.T. Bobrowsky, B. Marker (eds.), Encyclopedia of Engineering Geology,
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_248-2
    2 Sabkha

    Sabkha, Fig. 1 Front end loader


    stuck while attempting to recover
    a truck and trailer mired on an
    unimproved road in sabkha terrain
    in the UAE. The road had been
    passable for the previous 3 months
    (Photograph, M. McMackin 2010)

    References Glennie K (1998) The desert of southeast Arabia: a product of quaternary


    climate change. In: Alsharhan AS, Glennie KW, Whittle GL, Kendall
    Azam S (2007) Study on the geological and engineering aspects of GGSC (eds) Quaternary climate change. Balkema, Rotterdam
    anhydrite/gypsum transition in Arabian Gulf coastal deposits. Bull Haque MN, Al-Khaiat H, John B (2006) Proposals for a draft code for
    Eng Geol Environ 66:177–185 designing durable concrete structures in the Arabian Gulf. Arab J Sci
    Banat KM, Howari FM, Kadi KA (2005) Water chemical characteristics Eng 31(1C):205
    of the Red Sea coastal Sabkhas and associate evaporite and carbonate Patterson RJ, Kinsman DJJ (1982) Formation of diagenetic dolomite in
    minerals. J Coast Res 21(5):1068–1081 Coastal Sabkha along Arabian (Persian) Gulf. AAPG Bull 66(1):28
    Fryberger SG, Schenk CJ, Krystinik LF (2006) Stokes surfaces and the
    effects of near-surface groundwater-table on Aeolian deposition.
    Sedimentology 35(1):21–41

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