Graphology Basics - What Kind of Writings and Tools Are Necessary For Graphological Analysis

Graphology Basics: What kind of writings and tools are necessary for graphological analysis?
● A spontaneous text as large and complete as possible shall be required (a letter longer that
a single page, dated and signed, directed to someone of trust).
● Present and previous writings shall be required.
● White, plain paper, without lines nor grids.
● Paper size used is A4.
● The pen must be the one that the individual uses regularly. If the person does not have a
preference, a normal tip point is offered.
It is not recommended:
● To perform graphological analysis on notes, copied text, photocopies.

● To interpret an isolated trait.
● To establish a clinical diagnosis.
First Steps: Anatomy of Handwriting
Graphology Basics: In order to understand how this technique called graphology works, we must
know the Anatomy of handwriting.
Graphology Basics: Which are the parts of a letter?
In order to study graphisms, the following parts of a letter have been identified:
● Strokes are the path made by the writer in a single impulse

● Down strokes are the thick strokes going downwards, descending on letters.
● Up strokes are the thin strokes going upwards, forming letters.
● Ovals are the central or middle area of writing. They are described as the “eyes”
of letters a, g, o, q, d, etc.
● Upper extensions are the full strokes of the superior area of letters b, d, f, h, j, l,
ll and t up to the middle area; also are considered upper extensions the vertical
lines of letters n and m, capital and lowercase.
● Lower extensions: are the strokes going downwards going from the middle area
up to the lower end of letters f, g, j, p, q, y and z.
All letters have an essential area and a secondary one.

● Essential stroke: It is the unexpendable part of the structure, the skeleton that
grants identity to the letter without which it cannot be identified.
● Accessory or secondary part: Is the unnecessary added trait that is not
essential to the form of the letter. It is the “decoration” or ornament that may not
appear.
Loops: Are “eyes” that are formed by the intersection of profiles and crests.
Graphology Basics: In letters we also identify different areas
Areas of Writing: Five Zones

● Starting stroke – Initial area: Is the section where the letter begins.
● End stroke – Final area: Is the section where the letter ends.
● Upper zone – Superior area: Is the highest point of letters, is occupied by
crests, dots, accent marks, the bars of letter “t” and the upper areas of capital
letters. Ascending letters are b, d, h, k, l, ll, t, f and part of capital letters.
● Lower zone – Inferior area: Is represented by feet and descending areas of
some capital and lowercase letters. The descending letters are: g, j, p, q, y, z and
f.
● Middle zone – Middle area (or central area): Is occupied by all lowercase
vowels and other letters that have no extensions m, n, r, c, ñ, s, v, w, and x, it
represents our ego. When three zones are of equal size, the writer is well
balanced. Only letter f spans the three zones.
How are these areas interpreted?

Each one of these zones of writing corresponds to a meaning associated to graphic
symbology of space. When analyzing a text we shall observe whether the writing is
aligned to the right, due to a large left margin or little right margin, or to the left. When
aligned to the right, it will reflect an advance to the future, towards others, a person with
initiatives, and predominance of extroversion.
On the other hand, if the text is placed to the left (due to a large right margin) it will give
us an idea of a person holding on to the mother’s womb, to the family of origin, to the
past and predominance of introversion.
When the text is placed on the center, in the middle area, may be a sign of egocentrism
and narcissism. This is confirmed along with the individual’s signature (if placed in the
middle).
The highly developed superior areas (including a lot of text facing upwards) speak
about idealistic, spiritual, mentally active and imaginative people. There, we will be able
to investigate the reflections and dreams of the individual.
Graphology Basics
The strongly developed inferior areas refer to people that are sensual, practical,
realistic, worried about the care of their own bodies and who look for satisfying their
immediate needs. Absolutely everything on a text is coated with symbolism of space,
from the relationship between written and empty spaces to the description of letters
each one individually. According to graphic symbolism of space, conduct is reflected in
writing.
When writing areas are in equilibrium and none stands over another, means that this
person is able to control their impulses, their state of mind and that is emotionally
stable.
Starting strokes. Final strokes: The initial and final strokes represent in graphology the
way an individual begins and finishes a certain action. The way they act. The initial
stroke is the one that appears at the beginning of graphic signs. These can be letters,
numbers and diacritical marks. They symbolize the way the individual makes contact
with his surroundings, the beginning of actions, the origin of impulses and the ongoing
intentions. The initial stroke reflects the attitude of the individual towards their desires,
needs and is linked to memories, experiences and affective experiences of the past of
the writer. In the final stroke we can find more subconscious material than in the initial
stroke, due to the fact that it appears at the end of the writing, where there is less
control.
Letters and their Movements

Graphology Basics. From the point of view of movement in execution, the graphic
impulse may take four different directions called vectors: up, down, right and left.
● Ascending movement or up-strokes: From the movement of extension, profiles

turn out.
● Descending movement or down-strokes: From the up-down or flection of the
forearm, hand and fingers, fulls turn out.
● From left to right or hand or finger abduction, dextrogyrous strokes turn out.
● From right to left or hand or finger adduction, sinistrogyrous (or levogyrous)
Important for Basic Graphology

● Flection and adduction movements express centripetal direction towards the
EGO.
● Extension or abduction in centrifuge direction go towards the outside (from me
towards you).
● Movements going upwards or the superior area are allocentric.
● Movements going downwards or the inferior area are egocentric.
These movements can be:
● Linear, which are the ones that do not present torsions or deviations in the
stroke.
● Curve, which are the ones that are circled or oval (like in letters a and o). Out of
curve movements, the following derive: the garland, ae arch, curl, lace,
serpentine or wavy movement and the spiral.
● Angled, which are the ones formed by straight lines that cross each other or
break. Out of the angled movements, the following derive: the mace, the triangle,
the harpoon, the sabre hit, the whip hit and the shake-off.
Graphology Basics: In order to carry out a graphological study, the eight graphical
aspects or categories that reveal the writer’s personality are studied. Each one of
them reflect, in the psychological aspect, different levels of the personality:
Graphology Basics and Sex Drive
● Layout/ Order: (along with the following sub-aspects: distribution, disposition

and proportion) it indicates capacity of organization and adaptation.
● Dimension of writing: Self-esteem, need for expansion of tendencies, energy
and impulses.
● Form: It indicates cultural level and manners.
● Speed of writing: Level of intelligence.
● Pressure: Energy and productivity.
● Direction lines: Variation in state of mind and humor.
● Slant: Need for contact with others.
● Connection forms: Type of intelligence, intuition. Capacity for conjugating ideas.
The psychological interpretations thrown out by each one of them may be contradictory
and ambivalent. In order to recognize which of the interpretations corresponds to each
one, it is important to determine whether the graphical environment of the text is
positive or negative.

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Graphology Basics: What kind of writings and tools are necessary for graphological analysis?

● To perform graphological analysis on notes, copied text, photocopies.

First Steps: Anatomy of Handwriting

Graphology Basics: Which are the parts of a letter?

● Strokes are the path made by the writer in a single impulse

All letters have an essential area and a secondary one.

Graphology Basics: In letters we also identify different areas

Areas of Writing: Five Zones

How are these areas interpreted?

Letters and their Movements

● Ascending movement or up-strokes: From the movement of extension, profiles

Important for Basic Graphology

These movements can be:

● Layout/ Order: (along with the following sub-aspects: distribution, disposition

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