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Peco V Soriano

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PECO V SORIANO

Facts: A certain Enrique Montinola sought to purchase from Manila Post Office ten
money orders of 200php each payable to E. P. Montinola. Montinola offered to pay with
the money orders with a private check but they were not generally accepted in payment
of money orders, so the teller advised him to see the Chief of the Money Order Division,
but instead of doing so, Montinola managed to leave the building without the knowledge
of the teller. Upon the disappearance of the unpaid money order, a message was sent
to instruct all banks that they must not pay for the money order stolen upon
presentment. The Bank of America received a copy of the said notice. However, The
Bank of America received the money order and deposited it to the appellant’s account
upon clearance. Mauricio Soriano, Chief of the Money Order Division notified the Bank
of America that the money order deposited had been found to have been irregularly
issued and that, the amount it represented had been deducted from the bank’s clearing
account. The Bank of America debited the appellant’s account with the same account
and give notice by means of a debit memo.
Issue: Whether or not the postal money order in question is a negotiable instrument
Held: No. It is not disputed that the Philippine postal statutes were patterned after
similar statutes in force in the United States. The Weight of authority in the United
States is that postal money orders are not negotiable instruments, the reason being that
in establishing and operating a postal money order system, the government is not
engaged in commercial transactions but merely exercises a governmental power for the
public benefit. Moreover, some of the restrictions imposed upon money orders by postal
laws and regulations are inconsistent with the character of negotiable instruments. For
instance, such laws and regulations usually provide for not more than one endorsement;
payment of money orders may be withheld under a variety of circumstances.

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