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Lecture 3. Conditionals

The document discusses conditional sentences and their types based on time reference and verb tenses. It provides examples of different conditional types and exercises to practice forming conditional sentences. The exercises involve completing conditional sentences by choosing the correct verb form based on conditional type and translating conditional sentences from English to Romanian.

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Andronic Eugenia
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

Lecture 3. Conditionals

The document discusses conditional sentences and their types based on time reference and verb tenses. It provides examples of different conditional types and exercises to practice forming conditional sentences. The exercises involve completing conditional sentences by choosing the correct verb form based on conditional type and translating conditional sentences from English to Romanian.

Uploaded by

Andronic Eugenia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transilvania University of Brașov

Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration


Spring 2021, 2nd year

Lecture 3: Conditional sentences

Conditional sentences (If clause) may be introduced by: if, unless* (= if... not), provided/
providing (that), on condition (that), suppose/supposing (that), as/so long as, in case, but for (= if
it weren’t for/if it hadn’t been for).
*cannot be used in conditional sentences with hypothetical meaning (types 2 & 3)

Examples:

If he invites me, I’ll go.


He’ll fail unless he works harder.
The librarian will lend you the books providing/provided that/as long as you
return them in due time.
I’ll deliver the goods on condition that you accept the terms of the contract.
Suppose/Supposing she didn’t answer the phone, what would you do?
They promised to give me some money in case I needed it.
But for (= if it weren’t for) this rain, I would go for a walk.
But for (= if it hadn’t been for) that brave man, my son would have drowned.

BASIC TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Condition Time Verb tenses


reference Conditional clause Main clause
1. probable future PRESENT: V/V-s FUTURE: will V
(real) If Paul finds the book, he will buy it. o
(Dacă Paul va găsi cartea, va cumpăra.)
2. improbable present/ PAST: V-ed (be → were) PRESENT CONDITIONAL: would V
(hypothetical) future If Paul found the book, he would buy it.
(Dacă Paul ar găsi cartea, ar cumpăra-o.)
3. impossible past PAST PERFECT: had V-en PAST CONDITIONAL: would have V-en
(hypothetical) If Paul had found the book, he would have bought it.
(Dacă Paul ar fi găsit cartea, ar fi cumpărat-o.)

OMISSION OF IF

Sometimes in formal language, for stylistic purposes, if may be omitted. In such cases,
there will be a subject-auxiliary inversion. Note that the omission of if is only possible in
the conditional clauses with hypothetical meaning (types 2 & 3), which should
compulsorily come in initial position (before the main clause).

Grammar practice

I. Put the verbs in brackets as follows: for sentences 1-5 (first conditional), for sentences 6-11
(second conditional) and for sentences 12-17 (third conditional):

1. If I see him, I (greet) him.


2. If you don’t hurry, you (be) late.
3. If she finds out what has happened, she (be) very angry.
4. I (lend) you the book if you promise to return it in time.
5. If I tell you something, you (promise) to keep it a secret?
6. If I (know) his phone-number, I would ring him up.
7. If I (move) to the country-side, would you visit me?
8. You (buy) this house if you had money?
9. If he were more careful, he (not make) so many mistakes.
10. What would you do if you (be) Prime Minister?
11. If you had known English, you (read) Shakespeare in the original.
12. If I (work) harder, I would have succeeded.
13. If you had taken my advice, you (not get) into trouble.
14. If I (know) you had no driving license, I wouldn’t have come with you in your car.
15. He would have been arrested if he (try) to leave the country.

II. Choose the correct conditional form to complete the sentences below:
1. If I ___________________(stay) in Berlin, I would have found a new friend.

2. He would do more to help the poor if he ______________(be) the Pope.

3. If he goes to London on a business trip, he often _____________(visit) Soho.

4. We won't go to the film unless they _______________(arrive) in the next 5 minutes.

5. She ________________(buy) a new car if she had had the money.

6. If Yoko were me, she _________________(go) to Manchester immediately.

7. They will talk to Jacek if he __________________(come).

8. Bożena comes to work 30 minutes late if her child _____________(miss) the bus to
school.
9. If Peter _______________(think) twice, he wouldn't have made such a stupid mistake.

10. Kasia _____________(become) a university lecturer if she studies hard.

11. If they _____________(know) all the facts, they would have found the defendant
guilty.

12. Unless you _______________(hurry up), we will never arrive on time.

13. If I were in charge, I _________________(change) the standard business routines.

14. He takes his daughter out to dinner, if she ______________(come) to town.

15. If I hadn't known better, I ___________________(trust) him.

III. Circle the correct alternative:

a) You __________ tired tomorrow if you don’t go to bed soon.


are – were – will be – would be – had been

b) Butter ______ if you leave it out in the sun.


melts – melted – will melt – would melt – had melted

c) I ______ it very much if they gave the job to Mark.


don’t like – didn’t like – won’t like – wouldn’t like – hadn’t liked

d) I never get here on time if I ______ the train.


take – took – will take – would take – had taken

e) I wouldn't have met up with John if I ______ at home.


stay – stayed – will stay – would stay – had stayed

f) You ______ work hard if you want to pass your English exam.
have to – had to – will have to – would have to – had had to

g) I'd have helped you if you ______ me there was a problem.


tell – told – will tall – would tell – had told

h) I wouldn't get so angry with you if you ______ more work done.
get - got – will get – would get – had got

i) You______ better English if you did more homework.


speak – spoke – will speak – would speak – had spoken

j) I would never have believed it was possible if I ______ it with my own eyes.
don’t see – didn’t see – won’t see – wouldn’t see – hadn’t seen
) I'd have told you the news sooner if I ______ you.
see – saw – will see – would seen - had seen

l) Sammy gets angry if you ______ he is fat.


say – said – will say – would say – had said

Other instances of use

 Using “if” to refer to habitual situations (zero conditional)


We can use the pattern “if” + Simple Present tense + Simple Present tense to refer to habitual
actions. Then “if” means “when”.
(a) If there is no rain, plants soon die.

1. If anybody_______________(knock) on our door, our dog ______________(bark) fiercely.


2. Dogs _______________(not attack) strangers if you __________(train) them properly.
3. If a bus _______________(break) down, another one ______________(come) to take the
passengers.
4. If you ____________(heat) metals, they ____________(expand).
5. If a home ____________(make) of wood, it _______________(burn) more easily when there
__________(be) a fire.

IV. Translate into English:


a. Vei prinde trenul daca vei lua un taxi.

b. Ai fi prins trenul daca ai fi luat un taxi.

c. Ai prinde trenul daca ai lua un taxi.

d. Te vei supara daca iti voi lua creionul?

e. Te-ai supara daca ti-as lua creionul?

f. Te-ai fi suparat daca ti-as fi luat creionul?

g. Ce vei face daca il vei intâlni pe John?

h. Ce-ai face daca l-ai intâlni pe John?

i. Ce-ai fi facut daca l-ai fi intâlnit pe John?

j. Il vei vedea daca il vei astepta.

k. Daca un cersetor ti-ar cere bani, I-ai da?

l. Ce s-ar fi intâmplat daca ai fi condus cu viteza mare?


m. Nu vom merge la plimbare daca nu va sta ploaia.

n. Mi-ar placea mai mult piesa daca ar fi mai scurta.

o. Daca cina nu va fi gata la timp, voi mânca la un restaurant.

p. Daca n-ai fi inchis fereastra, mi-ar fi fost frig.

q. Voi fi dezamagit daca nu voi afla adevarul.

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