Intelligent Transport System

A
Seminar Report
Submitted to
Mewar University, Chittorgarh
Towards the partial fulfillment of
The Degree of
Master of Technology
In
Transportation Engineering

Session: - 2020-2022

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Dr Esar Ahmad Md. Zeeshan Qumer
HoD MUR2001218
Civil Engineering Department

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Department of Civil Engineering
Mewar University
Chitorgarh (Rajasthan)
 DECLARATION

In accordance with the requirements for the Degree of M.Tech Programme in

Transportation Engineering, in Faculty of Engineering and Technology, I Present this
seminar report on “INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM”.

I declare that the work presented in the report is my own work except as acknowledged in
the text and foot notes.

Date: Md. Zeeshan Qumer

MUR2001218

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Department of Civil Engineering
Mewar University
Chittorgarh (Raj)
 CERTIFICATE FROM GUIDE

This is to certify that Md. Zeeshan Qumer Roll No: 212200010013 has submitted the
Seminar report entitled “INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM” in partial fulfilment
for the award of the degree of Master of Technology in Transportation Engineering. The
report is up to my satisfaction and as per the format prescribed for the writing of the report.
His work is approved for presentation.

Signature of Guide

Dr Esar Ahmad
Assistant Professor

Dept. of Civil Engg.

Date:-
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am deeply indebted to Dr. Ashok Kumar Gadiya, Chairman, MEWAR UNIVERSITY,

Chittorgarh for providing me the infrastructural facilities. My utmost gratitude to almighty
God, who has been very kind to me all the time. The achievement would be worthless if it
was not the timely help and guidance of well-wishers. My acknowledge is not well enough
to scale their help and wishes.

It is an immense pleasure to thank Mr. Shashivendra Dulawat for his precious guidance,
constant encouragement throughout the training. I also express my thanks to my Head of
Department Dr Esar Ahmad and other faculty members for their valuable suggestions
from time to time. I would also like to thank my classmates and all that has directly and
indirectly helped me during my work. I would also like to thank my parents and my family
members for providing me with their blessing, immense encouragement, moral support,
constant inspiration, enthusiasm and co-operation for my training.

DATE: Md Zeeshan Qumer

(MUR2000327)

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 ABSTRACT
This Seminar explains about the “INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM” Traffic
control has been an issue since humans put the first wheels on the first cart. The modern
world demands mobility. Cars represent the main method of mobility, but today’s
congested highways and city streets don’t move fast, and sometimes they don’t move at
all. Intelligent traffic systems (ITS), sometimes called intelligent transportation systems,
apply communications and information technology to provide solutions to this congestion
as well as other traffic control issues.

KEYWORDS: Wireless communications, Computational technologies, Floating car

data/floating cellular data, Sensing technologies, Inductive loop detection.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr.No. Contents Page No.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i

ABSTRACT ii
CHAPTER 1. INRODUCTION 1
1.1 What is ITS 3
1
2.0 BENEFITS OF ITS 4
3.0 PRESENT DAY TRAFFIC CONTROL AND ENFORCEMENT 5
1.1 TRAFFIC PROBLEMS
3.1 5
4.0 CLASSIFICATION OF ITS 6
4.1 Advance public transport system (APTS) 6
4.2 Advance traveler information system: (ATIS) 7
4.3 Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) 7
4.4 Automated highway system: (AHS) 7
4.5 Incident Management System: 9
4.6 Electronic toll collection system 10
4.7 Advance Warning System: (AWS) 11
4.8 Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS) 11
4.9 Transmission 12
5.0 Necessity for Using ITS 13
6.0 ITS in INDIA 14
7.0 Conclusion 15
8.0 Refrences 16

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Sr.No. Contents Page No.

Figure 1 Automated Highway System 8

Figure 2 Variable message sign 9

Figure 3 Electronic toll colletion system 10

Figure 4 Conceptual image ETC 10

Figure 5 Radio beacons (expressway) 11

Figure 6 Schematic information display 11

Figure 7 In vehicle monitor vedio 12

Figure 8 Sensor and Traffic camera 13

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 1 INRODUCTION
1.1What is ITS?
Traffic control has been an issue since humans put the first wheels on the first cart. The
modern world demands mobility. Cars represent the main method of mobility, but today’s
congested highways and city streets don’t move fast, and sometimes they don’t move at all.
Intelligent traffic systems (ITS), sometimes called intelligent transportation systems, apply
communications and information technology to provide solutions to this congestion as well
as other traffic control issues.

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) represent a major transition in transportation on

many dimensions. ITS is an international program intended to improve the effectiveness and
efficiency of surface transportation systems through advanced technologies in information
systems, communications, and sensors. ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) is a system
which is designed to promote advance technology, to ensure that the Electronic Toll
Collection System (ETC) is effective and to support safe driving. With this system, people,
roads, and vehicles use the latest information communication technology.

The intelligent transport system (ITS) takes the first step towards meeting this challenge by
providing effective, reliable and meaningful knowledge to motorists in time. Problems like
high traffic congestion, low transportation efficiency, low safety and endangered
environment can be solved through innovative and sophisticated ways of handling latest
techniques that have emerged in recent years in integrating information technology,
electronics and telecommunication with roads and traffic management.

Intelligent transportation systems, or ITS, encompass a broad range of wireless and wireline
communications-based information, control and electronics technologies. When integrated
into the transportation system infrastructure, and in vehicles themselves, these technologies
help monitor and manage traffic flow, reduce congestion, provide alternate

routes to travelers, enhance productivity, and save lives, time and money.

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Intelligent transportation systems provide the tools for skilled transportation professionals to
collect, analyze, and archive data about the performance of the system during the hours of
peak use. Having this data enhances traffic operators' ability to respond to incidents, adverse
weather or other capacity constricting events

2. BENEFITS OF ITS

The investments in ITS will help increase the benefits and efficiencies of transportation
systems, thereby reducing the need for much costlier physical expansion of systems. This
optimism is not to be confused as any kind of illusion that new infrastructure expansion in
India can be avoided altogether by resorting to ITS. Significant expansion of infrastructure
will still be needed in India for a long time to come. But including ITS in the overall
development strategy of India’s transportation system can increase the number of
beneficiaries of the system, significantly enhance the transportation-related safety which is
a major concern in most parts of India and in some cases reduce the scale of infrastructure
expansion. Thus, a realistic approach to ITS deployment in India would consist of a balanced
component of ITS as part of the ongoing expansion of transportation system.

ITS initiatives in industrialized countries have clearly identified a number of benefits

associated with such projects. Even though ITS projects are implemented with specific
objectives with specific benefits in mind, the overall benefits to the society may prove to be
quite substantial in many cases. For example, Toronto’s COMPASS Freeway Traffic
Management System, one of the first and successful ITS projects in the world have been
subjected to a great deal of scrutiny to evaluate its benefits. COMPASS has been found to
reduce the incident response times from 86 minutes to 30 minutes, the overall vehicle delay
by 5.3 million vehicle-hours per year, the overall emission by 3,100 tons per year and the
operating costs of commercial vehicles by $55 million per year. Cities in the

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United States have reported an increase in throughout by 25% and reduction in travel times
by 25% after implementing appropriate ITS initiatives. The following is a list of identified
benefits of ITS projects:

• Reduced rush hour congestion and delay

• Increased safety and personal security
• Time savings and operation efficiencies
• Reduced fuel consumption and emissions
• Improved customer service and reduced frustration
• Reduced road accidents and fatalities and
• Enhanced economic productivity.

3. PRESENT DAY TRAFFIC CONTROL AND ENFORCEMENT

With the advent of new technologies, it is necessary to update the information and
implement, the know how after carefully going through the traffic problems. At present
traffic police are regulating the traffic partially and remaining is controlled by semi and fully
automatic systems. Most of the cities in India have the combination of manual as well as
automated systems like signals, vehicle actuated signals, electronic toll collections, CCTV,
Area traffic control, signal synchronization and coordination with local loop network.

To use or to adopt any system for a given environment, it is important to study and analyze
the problem which helps to choose a particular method or system.

3.1TRAFFIC PROBLEMS

• Traffic congestion and delays.

• Inadequate public transportation facilities, which run behind schedules, causing

inconvenience to public.
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 • Inadequate road facilities, which is not proportional to traffic growth which is due to
increase in number of vehicles with little or no space for widening or for any change.
• Prohibitive costs for any new facilities.
• High accident rates due to varying speed of vehicles and lack of discipline among
road users.
• Shortage of manpower.
• Increase in air and noise pollution due to increase in number of vehicles.
• Acute parking problem in urban areas.
• Absence of effective monitoring and prevention of traffic violation.
• Non-cooperation from public for any new system or changes.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF ITS

4.1 Advanced public transport system: (APTS)

APTS technologies are a collection of technologies that increase the efficiency and
safety of public transportation systems and offer users greater access to information on
system operations. The implementation of APTS technologies is transforming the way
public transportation systems operate, and changing the nature of the transportation
services that can be offered by public transportation systems. The goal is to provide
public transportation decision-makers more information to make effective decisions on
systems and operations and to increase travelers Convenience and rider ship.

APTS technologies can be organized into three broad categories that describe the
technologies relevance to transit applications. Each category is comprised of a variety
o f technology choices that are available to help transport agencies and organizations meet
traveler’s service needs while increasing safety and efficiency. The three APTS technology
categories are: fleet management system, travelers’ information system and electronic
payment system.
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4.2 Advanced traveler information system: (ATIS)

Advanced travelers information systems (ATIS), a part of new technology applications in

transportation, provide accurate and timely information that help travelers to select routes,
times of travel and travel modes. They work even better with inclusion of geographic tourist
guides and yellow pages that enable travelers to select destinations based on proximity to
other places.

Deliver data directly to travelers, empowering them to make better choices about alternate
routes or modes of transportation. When archived, this historical data provides transportation
planners with accurate travel pattern information, optimizing the transportation planning
process.

4.3 Advanced Traffic Management System: (ATMS)

This system can benefit the public with improved traffic and public safety, by monitoring
the flow of traffic and making appropriate decisions in a timely manner. Additional benefits
include less fuel consumption and reduced environmental impact. They employ a variety of
relatively inexpensive detectors, cameras, and communication systems to monitor traffic,
optimize signal timings on major arterials, and control the flow of traffic.

4.4 Automated highway system: (AHS)

An automated highway system (AHS) refers to a specially equipped highway lane in which
vehicles are automatically controlled; that is, the vehicles steering, brakes and throttle are
controlled by the system, not the driver. Vehicle-mounted sensors are used to judge the
vehicle's position by visual data on the lane marking. It then uses this information to steer
the vehicle. The system keeps the vehicle in the same lane provided it senses no obstacles in

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the road ahead. If it detects a slow-moving vehicle ahead, it directs the vehicle to change
lanes, provided the way is clear. Once it has overtaken the obstacle, the system returns the
vehicle to the original lane. If the next lane is occupied, the system slows the vehicle to
maintain a safe braking distance. If a vehicle ahead has come to a stop, the vehicle is
smoothly brought to a stop. The AHS lanes and the vehicles that operate on them are likely
to have special sensors, computers and communications devices to permit the automated
control. To travel on an AHS, a driver of an AHS- equipped vehicle might pull into the
designated lanes, perhaps similar to some of today’s high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes.

(Fig:1) Automated highway system

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4.5 Incident management system:

Intelligent transportation systems offer many types of information. They may offer real-
time information about traffic conditions, such as variable message signs (Fig:2) to warn of
accidents or other delays. ITS controls the flow of traffic via traffic signals, or by opening
and closing special gated lanes that allow commuters to access additional traffic lanes in one
direction or the other, depending on the time of day, and the direction of the heaviest
commuter traffic flow. Some applications provide fog sensors that activate road lights in
areas where heavy fog can occur and cause extremely hazardous driving conditions.
These fog sensors may also be used to send a message to a variable message sign located
before the foggy section to warn motorists of the upcoming hazard.

(Fig:2) Variable message sign

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4.6 Electronic toll collection system:

ETC is based on vehicle roadside communication system; more precisely, it is an application

of electronic signature detection to passenger and commercial vehicle traffic for the purpose
of collecting tolls.

Here is how it works: when a vehicle passes through the toll gate, a microwave tag (non-
contact IC card) exchanges information both ways between the gate and the vehicle to
automatically subtract the toll from, for example, a prepaid card or a bank account. This
method offers a huge increase in efficiency compared to manual toll collection, and should
reduce traffic congestion at toll-booths, save energy, and reduce exhaust emissions(Fig:3.1)

ETC (Electronic Toll Collection System) is a system by which drivers can pay tolls without
having to stop at a tollbooth. The collection of fees is performed electronically by way of
equipment installed in the vehicle and sensors at the toll location

(Fig:3) Electronic toll collection system (Fig:4) Conceptual image of ETC

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4.7 Advanced warning system: (AWS)
This system addresses the present accident caused when traffic slows down abruptly due to
road conditions, forcing the driver to apply brakes and if they cannot apply brake in advance,
it may cause crash to other vehicles and at the same time vehicle behind may crash into this
vehicle. This leads to chain reaction of accidents. The information given to the driver when
the vehicles come close either from front or back is conveyed through AWS which helps in
preventing road crashes.

4.8Vehicle Information and Communications System: (VICS)

In this system, the drivers are provided with real-time information on the traffic conditions
via FM multiple broadcasting, radio waves. Here the traffic personnel can take a channel in
FM band to update and inform all road users about the Traffic flow conditions and other
information like congestion, jams, roadblocks, pollution levels etc.
Road map( fig 4.1 ) quickly shows the driver the traffic conditions in surrounding areas.. The
map shows the driver which roads are congested. It also displays other traffic restrictions,
such as expressway on-ramp closures. The driver can use this information to select the best
route by using in-vehicle monitor.

(Fig:5) Radio beacons (expressway) (Fig: 6) Schematic information display

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(Fig: 7) In vehicle monitor Video

4.9 transmission:
Surveillance of intersections, ramps and tunnels, incident detection or verification, and
replacement of traffic signal loop sensors is an increasingly popular ITS tool. Lately,

communities have been installing cameras on traffic signals to record the license plates of
cars whose drivers run a red light. All of these applications require distance between the site
where the information is collected and the location where the information gets stored. Video
transmission that incorporates 2-way data has grown as an ITS application. Vehicles with
speed violations can be captured along with registration numbers using this system at places
like mid block, junctions, etc. Automatic detection of unauthorized vehicles on restricted
corridors and parking areas are possible, which improves the traffic control and safety. These
are some of the applications of this system.
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(Fig:8) T r a f f i c sensor and traffic camera

5 NECESSITY FOR USING ITS

• Provides novel applications by smart technology.

• Systematically employs advanced technologies in the field of transportation to

enhance benefits for road users.
• Improves the existing transportation services through interconnected embedded
technologies.
• The mean speed can be increased by efficiently monitoring the vehicle speeds.
• Reduction in road crashes.
• Provides system to avoid collision, accidents, and improves night vision and road
alertness.
• Enables the rapid arrival of emergency vehicles during accidents to transfer the
victims to trauma care centers within the golden hour through incident
management systems.

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6 ITS IN INDIA
In India 70 State Transport Undertakings which together own and operate 1,13,000 Buses
and, provide mobility to 65 million passengers a day, across the length and Breadth of the
country. APTS technologies along with Fleet Management Systems can make use, to
achieve sustainable and environmental friendly transportation for the 21stCentury. In
addition to the above technologies, institutional and market factors also play an
important role in successful ITS deployment for enhanced safety, mitigation of
environmental impacts of transportation systems, enhanced energy performance, and
improved productivity.

ITS has been proved to be the optimal solution to the enigma of building and operating
transportation systems to meet expeditiously growing urban travel demand in developed
countries.

The most important task of ITS India will be the dissemination of ITS knowledge and
imparting training for new professionals. ITS India would be able to bring the ITS

expertise in the public and private sectors and academia under one umbrella. Taking into
account the political, economic and linguistic differences in India from one region to another,
the ministry of Surface Transportation may have to take the lead in establishing such an
organization. In the Indian context, a professional body of this nature would be expected to
consist of regional units in each state with a coordinating central body.
In 1980’s, number of developed countries started using advanced systems to control and
regulate the traffic, accident accident prevention, parking , toll collections, signalization and
other vital tasks. This is still to develop in India to suit our local ambience. Also the problems
faced by us are different than those in developed countries. The very first equipment to be
used in Indian environment was electronic toll collection along the newly created
expressways viz., Delhi-Noida, Ahmedabad-Mehasana, Mumbai-pune, expressways which
is functioning satisfactorily.
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What we need for the present day in India is to save the lives of innocent people from
onslaught of accidents, which is termed as “murder on wheels”. This is because every year
more than rupees 7000 crores are being spent as compensation from authorities. Using ITS, it
is possible to save the lives of the victims by transferring them to trauma care centers within
the golden hour. Almost, more than 1% of GDP is just paid as compensation. In developed
countries, a portion of this type of amount is spent in advance to improve road, traffic and
other related conditions to prevent accidents beforehand, which are termed as “import cost”.
In India, accidents are allowed to take place and compensation is paid later which amounts to
a greater magnitude, which is termed as “export cost”. In this direction, number of technically
advanced systems are available in the developed countries, whereas this is always a question
mark in developing countries particularly in India.
What is needed in the present context is the mindset of policy and decision makers to use for
Indian highways and problematic locations of urban areas. What ultimately is expected is
co-operation from end user and the adaptation to the new system.

7 CONCLUSION
The potential of ITS technologies in improving the efficiency of transportation sector in India
appears to be very promising based on the experience of other countries. It is understood that
a national strategic ITS plan for India is needed for the effective development and deployment
of ITS initiatives in India. A broad framework of such a plan is presented here to generate a
discussion on the topic among transportation professionals and policy makers in India. The
importance of professional cooperation in the area of ITS between the public and private
sectors and the academia is also identified and a preliminary organizational set-up towards
this end is presented in the form of ITS India.
In India many infrastructural projects are under construction and some are still in planning
stage. Some of the ITS technologies like AWS, ETC, fleet management, incident
management can be applied to achieve an efficient transport system. Public transport that is
almost monopolized in Indian cities can utilize ITS based technologies for their effective
operation. Since ITS technology is as old 20 years in the world, India will have to pick up
this for its updating and on par with developed countries in modern transportation
requirements. (15)
8 REFERENCES

• Prof.M.N. Sreehari, MSRIT, Bangalore,December 2003,”Intelligent Transport

System”,Technical proceedings: Build Tech
• www.itsa.org
• www.itsa.uts.edu.au
• www.its.sticn.com.cn/its/htm
• www.ircc.iitb.ac.in/~fellowship/ civil%20dept%20brochures.pdf
• www.fibre-optics.info
• www.tele.soumu.go
• www.tcs.com/0_industry_practices/transportation/download/intelligent_transportation_sys
tems.pdf

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