ASYMPTOTES

is
An
asymptote of the
graph of a
function fcx )
a line that approaches the
graph of fcx ) at

infinity .

it

Horizontal
.

Vertical atsymptote asymptote Slant

asymptote

Vertical
asymptotes Here a is a constant

17
.

is called
A line of equation x = a a vertical

asymptote of the
graph of a
junction gcse) if

time fcx) to lime

fax)
=
or = - X or

x. → at sc → at

linn lime
gcse ) = to or
fore) D
-
= .

x sa
-
x. → a-

Example find all vertical

asymptotes of the
graph
of the function x + 1

goes = '

Incas
 vertical is
Answer The
only asymptote K = 1 .

Note that
I -11 2
time = = to .

x. → It luck) Ot

Horizontal
asymptotes a is constant

✓
a .

line called
A
of equation y
= a is a horizontal

asymptote of the
graph of a
function fcx ) if

lime yeses lime

= a or
fax) = a .

x -3 x
→ + x
-

Example Find all horizontal

asymptotes of the

graph of the function

32C + I

f Cx) =

2 -
se
'

Answer 1
3×+1 3 -1
K
lime line line
face) = =

2 K Z
to I
-

x → a → to ac→ + x -

2C

3 to
= = -
3 .

O -
I

I
3k -11 3 +
2C
time him lime
go.sc) = =

2
x. → -
x sc→ - x 2 -
x x -2 -
X -
I
2C

3+0
-

-
=
-
3 .

o -
I
 Conclusion is horizontal
There
only one
asymptote
=-3
y
.

Slant
asymptotes Here a and b are constant

y
,

A line
of equation y
= ax + b
,
where a # 0 ,

is called slant
graph
a
asymptote of the
of
a
function fcsc) if

time go.sc) -
Case + b) = O or lime fax) -
Case + b) = 0 .

x → + x x -
s -
no

Remark

In practice ,
to find a and b
,
we evaluate the

limits :

jcm )
a = lime
;
b = him face) -
ax .

K
x. → +x x. → +0

these two limits real numbers then

If are

+ b is slant
y
= ax a
asymptote .

jcm )
a = lime
;
b = line fcsc) -
ax .

K
x. → x x. → -

these two limits real numbers then

If are

+ b is slant
y
= ax a
asymptote .
 all
Example Find slant
asymptotes of the
graph of
the function 2×2 + a -11

FGC) =

2C
.

Answer

floc) 22ft set 1

a. = him = lime = 2 .

2C 2
x. → + x x
a -3 to

act 1
b lime 2x line
fcsc) =
-
=

ac → to
2C
x -3 to

= 1 .

So 2x is slant
y = +1 a
asymptote .

floc) 22ft set 1

a. = him = lime = 2 .

x. → -
X
K
x. → -
no
K2

act 1
b lime 2x line
fcsc) =
-
=

x -2
2C
-

no
x -3 -

= 1 .

So 2x is slant
y = +1 a
asymptote .
Final remark

is limitation in number
There no the
of
vertical graph of function
asymptotes of the a .

You can see a

function that has 5 vertical

asymptotes . For example :

I
fck) = .

Gc -
1) Cx -
2) Csc 3) -
Cx -
4) Ck -
5)

For
any function ,
there is
only a maximum

horizontal and also there

of 2
asymptotes
slant
are at most 2
asymptotes .
You cannot

see a
function with 3 horizontal
asymptotes
3 slant
or
asymptotes .