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MA 242: Partial Differential Equations (August-December, 2018)

This document contains 10 problems involving partial differential equations (PDEs). The problems involve finding and sketching characteristic curves, solving PDEs using initial conditions specified on characteristic curves, and solving initial value problems (IVPs) involving PDEs. Methods used include finding the characteristic ODE system and solving along characteristics. The PDEs cover a range of standard forms including first order quasilinear equations, the wave equation, and Burgers' equation.

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Sai Gokul
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121 views

MA 242: Partial Differential Equations (August-December, 2018)

This document contains 10 problems involving partial differential equations (PDEs). The problems involve finding and sketching characteristic curves, solving PDEs using initial conditions specified on characteristic curves, and solving initial value problems (IVPs) involving PDEs. Methods used include finding the characteristic ODE system and solving along characteristics. The PDEs cover a range of standard forms including first order quasilinear equations, the wave equation, and Burgers' equation.

Uploaded by

Sai Gokul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MA 242 : Partial Differential Equations

(August-December, 2018)
Partial Differential Equation
A. K. Nandakumaran, Department of Mathematics, IISc, Bangalore

Problem set 1

1. Find and sketch some sample characteristic curves of the PDE

(x + 2)ux + 2yuy = 2u

in the x y plane. Write the ODE for u along a characteristic


p curve with x as parameter and
then, solve the PDE with the initial condition u( 1, y) = |y|.

2. Consider the PDE


xux + yuy = 2u, x > 0, y > 0.
Plot the characteristic curves and then, solve the equation with the following initial conditions
in the domain given above: (a) u = 1 on the hyperbola xy = 1; and (b) u = 1 on the circle
x2 + y 2 = 1.

Can you solve the equation, in general, if certain initial data is prescribed on the initial curve
y = ex ? Justify with reasons.

3. Sketch the characteristic curve; the initial curve and solve the following problems

(a) xux + yuy = ku, x 2 R, y ↵ > 0; u(x, ↵) = F (x), where k, ↵ are fixed and F is a
given smooth function.
p
(b) (x + 2)ux + 2yuy = ↵u; u( 1, y) = y.
(c) yux xuy = 0; u(x, 0) = x2 .
(d) x2 ux y 2 uy = 0; u(1, y) = F (y).

4. Find the characteristic curves of the following equations

(a) (x2 y 2 + 1)ux + 2xyuy = 0.


(b) 2xyux (x2 + y 2 )uy = 0.

5. Solve the quasi-linear problem and verify transversality conditions.

1
(a) uux + uy = 0, u(x, 0) = x.
(b) uux + uy = 1, u(x, x) = x/2, x 2 (0, 1].

6. Find and sketch the characteristic curves of uux + uy = 0 with the following initial conditions
⇢
0 if x < 0
(a) u(x, 0) =
1 if x 0
⇢
1 if x < 0
(b) u(x, 0) =
0 if x 0
⇢
0 if x < 0
(c) u(x, 0) = and u(x, 0) is smooth and increasing.
1 if x 1

7. Write down the characteristic ODE system for the equation uy = u3x and then, solve with the
initial condition 2x3/2 on the x axis.

8. Find the integral surface of the equation x( @u


@x
)2 + y @u
@y
= u passing through the line y =
1, x + z = 0.

9. Consider the equation p2 + q 2 = 1 with initial condition u(x, y) = 0 on the line x + y = 1.


Find two solutions using the method of characteristics.

10. Solve the following IVP:

(a) q
ut u2x1 + u2x2 = 0, u(x1 , x2 , t0 ) = (x21 + x22 ),

where 0
> 0; here (x1 , x2 ) 2 R2 and t > t0 .
(b)
1
ut + x cos tux = 0, u(x, 0) = x 2 R, t > 0.
1 + x2
(c)
ut + x2 ux = 0, u(x, 0) = (x), x 2 R, t > 0.
(d)
1
ut + ux = 0, u(x, 0) = (x), x 2 R, t > 0.
1 + |x|
(e)
ut + (x + t)ux + t(x + 1)u = 0, u(x, 0) = (x), x 2 R, t > 0.
(f)
ut + u2 ux = 0, u(x, 0) = x, x 2 R, t > 0.

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