DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE

THIRD QUARTER
MODULE NO. 4
Topic: CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES IN COUNSELING

I. INTRODUCTION

People who often seek counselling are overwhelmed by emotions like pain,
desperation, anger, or sadness. It is thus common for clients to share feelings about
losing control of their lives. These are common sentiments because the clients are
overwhelmed about their future.
Professional counsellors are trained and licensed to provide psychological
services in different settings. They study the characteristics of the clients, their
needs, and the environment that shapes these individuals.
In this module, you will learn about the needs of counselling’s clientele and
audience and the settings where counsellors are found.

II. OBJECTIVES

At the end of the module, you will be able to:

 Describe counselling’s clientele and audience;

 Explain the needs of counselling’s clientele and audience; and
 Identify the settings where counsellors are found.

Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences/ Third Quarter Module 4/ SY 2021 - 2022Page 1 of 12
III. CONCEPT SUMMARY

 Counselling is provided to help clients in positively coping with the challenges

of their daily lives.
 Counselee’s are empowered to make wise decisions through the strategies
and techniques utilized by the counsellor during the counselling process.
 Identifying and understanding the needs of community members is essential
in formulating an effective guidance program.
 Professional counsellors utilize counselling approaches and strategies to
assist the varying needs of community members.

IV. BRIEF DISCUSSION

COUNSELLING AND ITS CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCE

The clientele and audiences of the counselling profession come from different
settings. Counsellors deal with a mixture of people with different concerns and issues.
The special clientele have been given increasing attention by the counselling profession
due to frequent occurrences and growing number of clients.
 PEOPLE WHO ABUSE DRUGS

Source: https://meridianpsychiatricpartners.com/drug-misuse-abuse-and-addiction-whats-the-difference/

There are an increasing number of drugs users in our society nowadays. Drug
abuse is not just harmful to your physical health but your mental health as well.
It cannot be denied that drug addiction creates more social problems and
contribute to social disintegration. Consequently, more youth victims cry for help
and seek counsellors’ attention.

Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences/ Third Quarter Module 4/ SY 2021 - 2022Page 2 of 12
 PEOPLE WHO USE TOBACCO

Source: https://www.healthline.com/health/addiction/tobacco

Slowly, our population recognizes the bad effects of tobacco on our health.
However, many people still use and continue to use tobacco even if it is deadly.
Users find it difficult to stop smoking. Hence, smokers who desire to quit tobacco
were added to the list of the counsellor’s audiences.

 PEOPLE WHO ABUSE ALCOHOL

Source: https://familydoctor.org/condition/alcohol-abuse/

Alcoholism is seen as a disease and alcoholics find it difficult to stop drinking on

their own. This requires help from a professional as it requires appropriate
treatment. However, so equally important paradigm is to look at alcoholism as a
weakness of self-control and self-discipline. Therefore, this requires intervention
other than treatment.

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 WOMEN

Source: https://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2014/violence-against-women-every-day-and-everywhere

Even with the changing role of women in society, men still predominantly control
purchasing and decision-making powers. Most men still have less participation in
household responsibilities and child care. In this case, women’s perception of
themselves and the society’s expectations.
Counsellors are responsible for helping women appreciate their values, abilities,
aptitudes, and interests and to utilize these to develop their full potential (Gibson
and Mitchel, 2003).

 OLDER ADULTS

Source: https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/redefining-health-well-being-older-adults

The aging population is increasingly rising and demands more attention. Retirees
who are adjusting to life outside work feel lost and ignored. Life for them
suddenly loses meaning. A transition from a busy life to the retirement stage
must be instituted. This is a challenge to the counselling profession. Other aging
issues that require the attention of counselling include loss of a partner, the

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 decline of mental capacity and mobility, increased loneliness, the decline in
financial security, etc.

 PEOPLE WITH AIDS

Source: https://foreignpolicy.com/2012/10/08/the-changing-face-of-aids/

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been labelled as the most
feared disease due to its incurability. Victims of this disease are seeking help to
improve their quality of life and to handle their emotional stress and low self-
esteem. The counselling approach requires sensitivity and appreciation of the
intricacies of the disease. Counsellors may also help in assisting and educating
the victim’s support system.

 VICTIMS OF ABUSE

Source: https://www.ahchealthenews.com/2014/09/15/26978/

This population represents victims of domestic violence characterized by spouse

and child abuses. Spouse abuse is often associated with poverty, drug abuse,
and career disappointments. The abuse has also become rampant and has

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 caused psychological damage to the victims. The counsellors are increasingly
being utilized to help the victims.

 GAY MEN AND LESBIAN WOMEN

Source: https://theconversation.com/why-you-should-think-twice-before-you-talk-about-the-lgbt-community-81711

There is a growing number of gays and lesbians that are coming out. However,
there are still sectors in the society, including their own families that avoid and
discriminate against them. They are usually the victims of harassment, violence,
discrimination, and isolation. Gays and lesbians, like other sectors of the society,
suffer from peer denial, family class, health uncertainties, and prejudgment.
Counselling will focus on self-awareness, self-acceptance, and understanding.
The situation of the special counselling populations indicates the increasing and
growing need of the counselling profession. However, counsellors are helping
institutions. In general, need to continue upgrading themselves to match the
changing requirements of their clientele.

COUNSELING AND ITS WORKS SETTING

 COUNSELLORS IN SCHOOLS

School counsellors, also known as guidance counsellors, were first primarily

responsible for facilitating career development. Today, the role of the school
counsellor is multifaceted and may vary greatly, depending on the requirements
of both the state and each individual.

Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences/ Third Quarter Module 4/ SY 2021 - 2022Page 6 of 12
 Source: https://www.insidehighered.com/admissions/article/2020/05/11/effective-high-school-counselors-have-impact-
college-enrollment-study

DUTIES OF COUNSELLORS

 Providing instruction on psychological and social issues. School counsellors

might teach sex education classes, provide information to students
about bullying, or offer seminars on study skills.
 Vocational guidance. Many school counsellors help students prepare for college
or select careers.
 Counselling. School counsellors often help students mediate conflicts with their
peers, teachers, or parents. Many school counsellors also provide short-
term counselling services to students during school hours.

EARLY INTERVENTION. School counsellors receive training about learning

difficulties and psychological concerns that commonly manifest in children and
adolescents. They may also provide referrals, recommendations, and education to
parents about mental health concerns.

SPECIAL NEEDS SERVICES. Counsellor’s often help special needs students integrate
into classrooms and may oversee programs that address requirements for students
with special needs or learning difficulties.

Further, counsellors often help students:

Maintain academic standards and set goals for academic success.
Develop skills to improve organization, study habits, and time management.
Work through personal problems that may affect academics or relationships.
Improve social skills.
Cope with school or community-related violence, accidents, and trauma.
Identify interests, strengths, and aptitudes through assessment.

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 School counsellors offer individual counselling to help students resolve personal or
interpersonal problems. They may also offer small group counselling to help
students enhance listening and social skills, learn to empathize with others, and find
social support through healthy peer relationships. For students who are otherwise
unable to access mental health services, school counsellors provide support at no
cost. School counsellors also provide support to school staff by assisting
with classroom management techniques and the development of programs to
improve mental health or school safety. When necessary, counsellors may also
intervene in a disrupted learning environment.

 COUNSELLORS IN COMMUNITY SETTING

Community counsellors attempt to solve widespread community problems that

are social or psychological. To do this, they will often work with individuals as
well as the community as a whole.
There may be several different problems that can plague individuals in
dysfunctional communities. Many of these problems are often related.
Community counsellors will often speak with several individuals, offering
guidance, therapy, and counselling. While trying to help these individuals
overcome their challenges in life, though, a community counsellor will also
attempt to get to the root of the problem.

Source: https://careersinpsychology.org/becoming-a-community-psychologist/

Once a community counsellor recognizes the root of a problem plaguing a

community, they will often attempt to fix the problem. This typically involves
working closely with community leaders and possibly creating community
outreach programs. These outreach programs may have several different
purposes, depending on the particular problems of a community. They may be

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 used to make mental health services more visible or widely available, for
instance.
Not all community problems stem from such things as social and psychological
problems within the area, however. Disasters and traumatic events can often rip
a community to shreds in a very short period. These may include such things as
natural disasters or acts of man. Some traumatic events that may rip through a
community may include floods, tornados, hurricanes, earthquakes, wildfires, war,
and terrorist attacks. Events such as these will often make communities as a
whole feel scared, confused, angry, depressed, and anxious. These feelings
could stem from the loss of homes, property, loved ones, and stability in general.
After a community-wide disaster, community counsellors will often be available to
individuals in need of counselling for various mental and emotional problems
caused by the disaster. This can be achieved by individual counselling sessions
or group counselling sessions. Community counsellors might also help a
community unite and rebuild in the aftermath of such an event.

 COUNSELLORS IN THE PRIVATE SECTORS

This setting refers to counsellors who decided to do full time work as private
practitioners or engage in part – time private practice while employed by
community agencies. In the private sector, counsellors range from independent
providers of services or work for NGOs or specialized for-profit centers and
organizations that render a variety of counselling services. The processes,
methods, and tools used by counsellors in the private sector setting remain very
much the same as in the government setting.

 COUNSELLORS IN THE GOVERNMENT

Counselling settings vary widely but the processes, methods, and tools used by
counsellors are very similar. Counselling professionals in government settings
work with the various government agencies that have counselling services such
as social welfare, correctional department, the court system, child and women
affairs services, schools, military, police, hospitals, mental and foster homes, and
rehabilitation centers. Sometimes, other specialized departments also have units
of counsellors such as intelligence-gathering departments, military and police
departments, presidential guards, and special advisories.

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2. BROADENING OF CONCEPT

 Why do counsellors need to evaluate their clientele's situation?

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 How do you describe the work setting of a counsellor nowadays?

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 As an Ignacian Marian student, how would you assist our society in putting an
end to all forms of abuse and discrimination in the world?
________________________________________________________________
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 As a HUMSS student, if you had the option to work as a counsellor, where would
you work, and why?
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_______________________________________________________________

Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences/ Third Quarter Module 4/ SY 2021 - 2022Page 10 of 12
V. EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT

A. MY VIDEO
Make a video that emphasizes the importance of mental health or how to avoid a
social problem. You will be a resource speaker for our “Helping One Series”
webinar series, demonstrating how we can prevent a certain issue or concern in
ourselves.

Criteria 1 point 2 points 3 points 5 points

Organization The The The The
presentation presentation presentation presentation
was difficult to was not was easy to was very easy
follow due to easy to follow to follow.
the follow.
disorganization
of the
utterances.
Accuracy of It was hard to The student The student The student
language use understand made some made a few communicated
due to the mistakes in mistakes in well using
incorrect use vocabulary vocabulary correct
of vocabulary and and vocabulary
and grammar. grammar. grammar and grammar.
but there
were no
patterns of
errors.
Understanding The student The student The student The student
of Topic did not show clearly seemed to clearly
an adequate understood understand understood
understanding most the main the topic in-
of the topic. aspects of points of the depth and
the topic topic and presented
and presented his/her
presented those with information
his/her ease. convincingly.
information
with ease.
Accuracy of Most of the Most Most All information
information information information information presented in
was inaccurate presented in presented in writing was
or not clear. writing was writing was clear,
clear but clear, accurate, and
was not accurate, thorough.
usually and
accurate. thorough.

Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences/ Third Quarter Module 4/ SY 2021 - 2022Page 11 of 12
VI. REFERENCES
Books:
Cleofe, Myreen P. (2020). DIWA Senior High School Series: Disciplines and Ideas in the
Applied Social Sciences. DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INC.
Dela Cruz, Arleigh Rose. (2016). Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences.
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Websites.

 https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/therapy/what-are-gestalt-therapy-techniques/
 https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapy-types/adlerian-therapy
 https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/adlerian-psychology
 http://www.dspmuranchi.ac.in/pdf/Blog/stages%20of%20counselling.pdf
 https://www.elcomblus.com/the-different-settings-in-counseling/#private-sectors-
setting
 https://careersinpsychology.org/start-a-community-counseling-career/
 https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/modes/school-counseling
 https://www.elcomblus.com/roles-functions-and-competencies-of-counselors/
 https://careersinpsychology.org/becoming-marriage-family-counselor/
 https://www.elcomblus.com/areas-of-specialization-where-counselors-work/
 https://www.counseling.org/docs/default-source/ethics/practioner-39-s-guide-to-
ethical-decision-making.pdf
 https://www.learningdynamicsinc.org/child-adolescent-counseling/
 https://nmu.edu/counselingandconsultation/group-counseling
 https://onemindtherapy.com/therapy/career-counseling/
 https://careersinpsychology.org/school-counseling/
 https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-mental-health-counselor-4157925
 https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-behavioral-therapy-2795998
 https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-cognitive-behavior-therapy-2795747
 https://www.counselling-directory.org.uk/cognitive-
therapy.html#mindfulnessbasedcognitivetherapy
 https://tinyurl.com/8tbyebrj

 https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/modes/school-counseling

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