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    Karate Terminology

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    The document defines many common Japanese terms used in karate, including ranks (dan), locations (dojo), clothing (gi), techniques (kata, kihon), parts of the body, stances, blocks, strikes, kicks, and sparring. It provides the Japanese terms, translations, and brief explanations for over 100 fundamental aspects of karate practice, terminology, and techniques.

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    Karate Terminology

    Uploaded by

    Jvjvj
    140 views9 pages
    The document defines many common Japanese terms used in karate, including ranks (dan), locations (dojo), clothing (gi), techniques (kata, kihon), parts of the body, stances, blocks, strikes, kicks, and sparring. It provides the Japanese terms, translations, and brief explanations for over 100 fundamental aspects of karate practice, terminology, and techniques.

    Original Description:

    All Japnese Terms use in Karate

    Original Title

    Karate Terminology _

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    The document defines many common Japanese terms used in karate, including ranks (dan), locations (dojo), clothing (gi), techniques (kata, kihon), parts of the body, stances, blocks, strikes, kicks, and sparring. It provides the Japanese terms, translations, and brief explanations for over 100 fundamental aspects of karate practice, terminology, and techniques.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    140 views9 pages

    Karate Terminology

    Uploaded by

    Jvjvj
    The document defines many common Japanese terms used in karate, including ranks (dan), locations (dojo), clothing (gi), techniques (kata, kihon), parts of the body, stances, blocks, strikes, kicks, and sparring. It provides the Japanese terms, translations, and brief explanations for over 100 fundamental aspects of karate practice, terminology, and techniques.

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    Karate Terminology

    The Japanese terms are used in all Karate dojos all over the world.
    Here are the meanings of the common terms:

    DAN: Black-belt grades.

    DOJO: word used for the place of practice of martial arts.

    GI (gee): The Karate uniform. In Shotokan Karate a white, cotton gi is


    worn.

    HIKI-TE (hee-kee-tay): The retracting arm of a punching, blocking, or


    striking technique. Helps rotate the hips and maintain the stable and
    precise delivery of the technique.

    KARATE: “Empty Hand".

    KARATEKA: The practitioner of Karate.

    KATA: Prescribed sequences of techniques performed with specific


    rhythm and timing

    KI (kee): Mind. Spirit. Energy.

    KIAI (kee-ai): A short, loud shout accompanying a sharp, strong


    technique. Helps release air from the lungs and relax the upper body so
    that the technique is more effective. Also helps focus mental energy
    and display spirit.

    KIHON (kee-hon): Basic techniques.

    KIME (kee-may): Focus of power.

    KOHAI (ko-hai): A student junior to oneself.

    KYU (kee-u): Grades 8 to 1 - all color belts. Any grade below a black
    belt.

    OBI (o-bee): The Karate belt.


    OSU (Oss): Indicates respect, acknowledgement, willingness and
    readiness to follow.

    SEIZA: A proper sitting position used for the formal opening and
    closing of the class, and whenever the instructor asks students to sit
    on the side to watch a demonstration of techniques or kata.

    SENSEI (sen-say): A teacher. A term reserved for the chief instructor of


    the dojo, and other high-ranking members.

    SEMPAI (sem-pai): A senior student

    SHIHAN (shee-han): A formal title meaning master instructor or


    teacher of teachers. Very few people in the world have achieved this
    ranking.

    SHOMEN (show-men): The designated front wall of a Dojo. Often the


    place where the picture of our founder, Gichin Funakoshi and flags are
    displayed.

    REI (ray): Bow. A sign of respect, trust, and appreciation. May be done
    while standing, or while kneeling such as at the beginning and end of
    each class.

    Shomen-ni-Rei: bow to the front of the dojo

    Sensei-ni-Rei: bow to the teacher

    Otagai-ni-Rei: bow to each other

    VARIOUS COMMANDS:

    YAME (ya-may): Return to starting position (typically hachiji-dachi)

    HAJIME (hajee-may): Begin

    KAMAE: Get into position, prepare.


    MOKUSO: Close the eyes and meditate.

    MATTE (ma-tay): Wait.

    MAWATE (mawa-tay): Turn into position

    YOI (yoh-ee): Ready (both mentally and physically)

    YAME (ya-may): Stop

    COUNTING in Japanese:

    One: ichi (i-chi)

    Two: ni (ni)

    Three: san (sa-n)

    Four: shi (shi) / yon (yon)

    Five: go (go)

    Six: roku (ro-ku)

    Seven: shichi (shi-chi)

    Eight: hachi (ha-chi)

    Nine: ku (ku)

    Ten: ju (ju-u)

    WAZA (Techniques):

    Tsuki (tsu-kee) or zuki (zoo-kee): punching

    Uke (ou-kay): blocking

    Uchi (oo-chee): strike

    Keri (ke-ree) or geri (ge-ree): kicking


    TARGET AREAS on opponent's body:

    Jodan (joh-dan): upper level, includes face, neck, and head area

    Chudan (choo-dan): middle level, includes the chest, side chest and
    back area

    Gedan (gay-dan): lower level, the lower trunk area

    HIDARI: left

    MIGI: right

    GYAKU: reverse

    AKA: red

    SHIRO: white

    YOKO: Side.

    MAE: front

    ZENSHIN: Forward.

    USHIRO: back

    KEKOMI: thrust

    KEAGE: snap

    BODY PARTS:

    EMPI (em-pee): elbow

    HIZA (hee-zah): knee

    KAISHO (kay-sho): open hand, such as in shuto-uke


    KENTSUI (ken-tschuee): hammer fist (also known as TETTSUI)

    SOKUTO (sokoo-toh): edge of foot, such as in side thrust kick

    URAKEN (oo-raken): back of fist

    SHUTO (shoo-to): outer surface of hand alongside the small finger

    HAITO (haee-to): inner surface of hand alongside the thumb

    PUNCHES:

    JODAN TSUKI: upper level punch

    CHUDAN TSUKI: middle level punch

    GEDAN TSUKI: lower level punch

    CHOKU TSUKI: straight punch

    GYAKU TSUKI: reverse punch

    KAGI ZUKI: hook punch

    HASAMI TSUKI: scissor punch

    KIZAMI ZUKI: jab

    MAWASHI ZUKI: roundhouse punch

    MOROTE ZUKI: U-Punch with both fists simultaneously

    TATE ZUKI: punch with fist along vertical plane

    URA ZUKI: upper cut punch at close range

    YAMA ZUKI: mountain Punch, a U-punch, resembles the character for


    mountain, thus the name.

    BLOCKS:
    AGE UKE (ah-gay oo-kay): rising block

    UCHI UKE: inside-out block

    SOTO UKE: outside block

    GEDAN BARAI: lower level block

    SHUTO UKE: knife hand block

    MOROTE UKE: reinforced (augmented) block

    JUJI UKE (joo-jee): X block

    KAKIWAKE UKE: X block

    MANJI UKE: double block with one arm in gedan barai and the other in
    uchi uke.

    STRIKES:

    EMPI UCHI: elbow strike

    HAITO UCHI: ridge-hand strike

    KENTSUI UCHI: (Or TETTSUI UCHI) hammer fist strike

    MAE EMPI: forward elbow strike

    MAWASHI EMPI UCHI: roundhouse (circular) elbow strike

    OTOSHI EMPI UCHI: dropping elbow strike

    TATE EMPI UCHI: rising elbow strike

    TATE URAKEN UCHI: vertical back-fist strike

    USHIRO EMPI UCHI: elbow strike aiming behind own body

    YOKO MAWASHI EMPI UCHI: side elbow strike


    NUKITE: stabbing using the extended index finger or both the index and
    the middle fingers

    KICKS:

    ASHI BARAI: Foot Sweep

    GERI (kicks)

    MAE GERI KEAGE: front snap kick

    MAE GERI KEKOMI: front thrust kick.

    MAE ASHI GERI: front kick with the front leg (KIZAMI GERI)

    MAWASHI GERI: roundhouse kick

    GYAKU MAWASHI GERI: reverse roundhouse kick

    USHIRO MAWASHI GERI: inside-out roundhouse kick

    HIZA GERI (hee-za): knee kick

    MIKAZUKI GERI (meeka-zooki): crescent kick

    TOBI GERI (to-bee): jumping kick

    USHIRO GERI (oo-shee-ro): back kick

    YOKO GERI KEAGE: side snap kick

    YOKO GERI KEKOMI: side thrust kick

    YOKO TOBI GERI: flying side kick

    FUMIKOMI: stomping kick

    STANCES:
    DACHI (da-chee): stances

    HACHIJI DACHI (ha-chee-jee): natural stance, feet about one shoulder


    width apart, toes pointing slightly outward

    HEISOKU DACHI: informal attention stance. Feet together, toes


    pointing straight forward

    ZENKUTSU DACHI (zen-koo-tsoo): front stance

    KIBA DACHI (kee-ba): horse stance

    KOKUTSU DACHI (ko-koo-tsoo): back stance

    FUDO DACHI (foo-do): immovable stance, a cross between front and


    back stance (SOCHIN DACHI)

    SANCHIN DACHI (san-cheen): hour-glass stance

    HANGETSU DACHI (han-gay-tsoo): "half-moon"

    stance

    GANKAKU DACHI (gan-ka-koo): crane stance

    KOSA DACHI: crossed-leg stance

    SHIKO DACHI (shee-ko): square stance

    KUMITE (koumi-tay) Sparring:

    GOHON KUMITE: five step basic sparring

    SANBON KUMITE: three step basic sparring

    IPPON KUMITE: one step basic sparring

    JIYU IPPON KUMITE: one step free sparring (semi-free sparring)

    JUI KUMITE: free sparing


    STRATEGIES:

    GO NO SEN: allow the opponent to attack first so as to open up targets


    for counterattack

    INASU: avoid an on-coming attack by removing your body from the line
    of attack

    SEN NO SEN: attack at the exact moment that the opponent attacks

    SEN SEN NO SEN: attack before the opponent attacks

    TAI SABAKI: shift to remove your body from the line of attack

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