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Computer Fundamentals

The document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including definitions of a computer, its uses and capabilities, a brief history from the abacus to modern computers, different types of computers categorized by operating principles and applications, generations of computers based on technology used, and differences between computers and calculators. It also includes block diagrams of computer hardware and software components and types of personal computers from early PC models to modern systems.

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Kumara S
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
99 views

Computer Fundamentals

The document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including definitions of a computer, its uses and capabilities, a brief history from the abacus to modern computers, different types of computers categorized by operating principles and applications, generations of computers based on technology used, and differences between computers and calculators. It also includes block diagrams of computer hardware and software components and types of personal computers from early PC models to modern systems.

Uploaded by

Kumara S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Fundamentals

Mrs. Kiran Bala Dubey


Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science
Govt. N. P. G. College of Science,
Raipur
Contents
• Definition
• Uses/Applications
• Capabilities
• Limitations
• History
• Generation
• Difference between Computer and Calculator
• Block Diagram
• Types of computer
• Type of PC
Definition
A computer is an electronic machine or device that performs
processes, calculations and operations based on instructions
provided by a user.
It has the ability to accept data (input), process it, and then
produce outputs as desired.
Uses/Applications of Computer
• Banking
• Education
• Industries
• Entertainments
• Hospitals
• Business
• Defence
• Reservation
• Science and Research
• Data processing
Capabilities of Computer
• Speed
• Storage capacity
• Accuracy
• Deligency
• Versatility
Limitations of Computer
• No IQ
• No Brain
History of Computer
• Abacus (5000 Year before)
• Napier Bones (John Napier 1614)
• Pascaline Machine (Blaise Pascal 1642)
• Difference Engine (Charles Babbage 1822) automatic mechanical computing machine
• Analytical Engine (1833) digital, programmiable and automatic computer
• MARK I (Howard Aiken 1937-44) First fully automatic calculating machine
• ENIAC (J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly 1943-46)
• EDVAC (1946-52) Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer used stored program
• EDSAC (1947-49) Electronic Delay StoragebAutomatic Calculator
• UNIVAC(1951) First digital Computer
Generation of Computer
On the basis of technology used computer is divided in to generations.

• First Generation (1946-1954) Vaccum Tubes


• Second Generation (1955-1964) Transistors
• Third Generation (1965-1974) Integrated Circuits
• Forth Generation (1975-1990) VLSI (Microprocessor), PC, semiconductor replaced
magnetic core memories, Networking,DOS, Unix, Windows, Apple Os
• Fifth Generation (1991-now) ULSI, Portable PC,CD-ROM, Internet
Difference between Computer and Calculator
The main difference between Computer and Calculator is that
the Computer is a simple general-purpose device for
performing arithmetic or logical operations and Calculator is a
electronic device used to perform arithmetic operations only.
Block Diagram of Computer
• Hardware

• Software

• Firmware
Type of computer
• On the basis of operating principles
✓Digital computer
✓Anolog Computer
✓Hybrid Computer
• On the basis of applications
✓General purpose computer
✓Special purpose computer
• On the basis of size and capability
✓Micro computer
✓Mini computer
✓Mainframe computer
✓Super computer
Personal Computer (PC)

• A PC can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive


micro computer designed for an individual user.
• PCs are based on the microprocessor technology that
enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one
chip.
• PC is made by IBM.
• Home and office use
Types of PC
• PC

• PC-XT (8087-88, 256 kb RAM,10-40 MB HDD, 1-2 FDD,Monochrome monitor,135 walts power
supply, 1 serial & 1 parallel port)

• PC-AT (80286-486, 4-128 mb RAM,80-640 MB HDD, 1-2 FDD, CD,14/20 inch CGA/SVGA monitor,
2 serial & 1 parallel port)

• Pentium (petium, 256-512mb RAM,584 MB-13 GB HDD, 1 FDD, CD,color monitor, multimedia
support)
PGDCA-101
Unit-I
• Computer system: characteristics and capabilities.
• Computer Hardware and Software
• Block Diagram of a Computer
• Different Data Processing: Data, Data Processing System, Storing Data,
Processing Data.
• Types of Computers: Analogue, Digital, Hybrid, General and Special
Purpose Computers.
• Generation of Computers

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