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C++ Arrays
In this tutorial, we will learn to work with arrays. We will
learn to declare, initialize, and access array elements in
C++ programming with the help of examples.

In C++, an array is a variable that can store multiple

values of the same type. For example,

Suppose a class has 27 students, and we need to store the

grades of all of them. Instead of creating 27 separate
variables, we can simply create an array:

double grade[27];
 Here,
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ourgrade array that can holdPlease
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elements of double type.
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In C++,
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after its declaration.

C++ Array Declaration

dataType arrayName[arraySize];

For example,

int x[6];

Here,

int - type of element to be stored

x - name of the array

6 - size of the array

Access Elements in C++ Array

 In C++,
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back
number. The number is known as an array index. We can
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access elements and by
of an array examples
using those indices.
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// syntax to access array elements

array[index];

Consider the array x we have seen above.

Elements of an array in C++

Few Things to Remember:

The array indices start with 0 . Meaning x[0] is the

first element stored at index 0 .

If the size of an array is n , the last element is stored at

index (n-1) . In this example, x[5] is the last element.

Elements of an array have consecutive addresses. For

example, suppose the starting address of x[0] is
2120d. Then, the address of the next element x[1] will
be 2124d, the address of x[2] will be 2128d and so on.

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Here, the size of each element is increased by 4. This is
becauseSearch tutorials
the size of int andisexamples
4 bytes.
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C++ Array Initialization

In C++, it's possible to initialize an array during
declaration. For example,

// declare and initialize and array

int x[6] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9, 15};

C++ Array elements and their data

Another method to initialize array during declaration:

// declare and initialize an array

int x[] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9, 15};

 Here,
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In such
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cases, the compiler automatically computes the size.
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C++ Array With Empty Members

In C++, if an array has a size n , we can store upto n

number of elements in the array. However, what will

happen if we store less than n number of elements.

For example,

// store only 3 elements in the array

int x[6] = {19, 10, 8};

Here, the array x has a size of 6 . However, we have

initialized it with only 3 elements.

In such cases, the compiler assigns random values to the

remaining places. Oftentimes, this random value is simply
0 .
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Empty array members are automatically assigned the value 0

How to insert and print array elements?

int mark[5] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9}

// change 4th element to 9

mark[3] = 9;

// take input from the user

// store the value at third position

cin >> mark[2];

// take input from the user

// insert at ith position

cin >> mark[i-1];

// print first element of the array

cout << mark[0];

// print ith element of the array

cout >> mark[i-1];

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Example 1: Displaying Array Elements

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#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int numbers[5] = {7, 5, 6, 12, 35};

cout << "The numbers are: ";

// Printing array elements

// using range based for loop

for (const int &n : numbers) {

cout << n << " ";

cout << "\nThe numbers are: ";

// Printing array elements

// using traditional for loop

for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {

cout << numbers[i] << " ";

}

return 0;

Output
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The numbers are: 7 5 6 12 35

The numbers are: 7 5 6 12 35

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Here, we have used a for loop to iterate from
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i = 0 to
i = 4 . In each iteration, we have printed numbers[i] .

A DV E RT I S E M E N T S

We again used a range based for loop to print out the

elements of the array. To learn more about this loop,
check C++ Ranged for Loop (/cpp-programming/ranged-
for-loop).
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Note: In our range based loop, we have used the
code const int &n instead of int n as the range
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declaration. However, the const int &n is more
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preferred because:

1. Using int n simply copies the array elements to

the variable n during each iteration. This is not
memory-efficient.

&n , however, uses the memory address of the

array elements to access their data without
copying them to a new variable. This is memory-
efficient.

2. We are simply printing the array elements, not

modifying them. Therefore, we use const so as
not to accidentally change the values of the
array.

Example 2: Take Inputs from User and

Store Them in an Array
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#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

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int main() {

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int numbers[5];

cout << "Enter 5 numbers: " << endl;

// store input from user to array

for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {

cin >> numbers[i];

cout << "The numbers are: ";

// print array elements

for (int n = 0; n < 5; ++n) {

cout << numbers[n] << " ";

}

return 0;

Output

Enter 5 numbers:

11

12

13

14

15

The numbers are: 11 12 13 14 15

 Once
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contentwe
at have used a for loopPlease
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i = 0 to i = 4 . In each iteration, we took an input from
Search
the user and tutorials
stored and examples
it in numbers[i] .
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Then, we used another for loop to print all the array

elements.

Example 3: Display Sum and Average of

Array Elements Using for Loop
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#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

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int main() {

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// initialize an array without specifying size

double numbers[] = {7, 5, 6, 12, 35, 27};

double sum = 0;

double count = 0;

double average;

cout << "The numbers are: ";

// print array elements

// use of range-based for loop

for (const double &n : numbers) {

cout << n << " ";

// calculate the sum

sum += n;

// count the no. of array elements

++count;

// print the sum

cout << "\nTheir Sum = " << sum << endl;

Output

The numbers are: 7 5 6 12 35 27

Their Sum = 92

Their Average = 15.3333

 In this
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1. We have initialized a double array named numbers but

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without specifying its size. We also declared three
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double variables sum , count , and average .

Here, sum =0 and count = 0 .

2. Then we used a range based for loop to print the

array elements. In each iteration of the loop, we add
the current array element to sum .

3. We also increase the value of count by 1 in each

iteration, so that we can get the size of the array by the
end of the for loop.

4. After printing all the elements, we print the sum and

the average of all the numbers. The average of the
numbers is given by average = sum / count;

Note: We used a ranged for loop instead of a

normal for loop.

A normal for loop requires us to specify the

number of iterations, which is given by the size of
the array.
Thank you for printingBut
our a ranged
content for loop does not require
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specifications.
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C++ Array Out of Bounds

If we declare an array of size 10, then the array will contain
elements from index 0 to 9.

However, if we try to access the element at index 10 or

more than 10, it will result in Undefined Behaviour.

Next Tutorial:
(/cpp-
Multidimensional programming/multidimensional-
Arrays arrays)

Previous Tutorial:
C++ Return (/cpp-programming/return-
reference)
Reference

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