SIM1003 Solutions of Tutorial 6 (2021 - 22 Sem1)

SIM1003 Solutions of Tutorial 6 (2021/22 Sem 1)
Institute of Mathematical Sciences

University of Malaya
SIM1003 Calculus II
SOLUTIONS OF TUTORIAL PAPER 6
11.5 Line and Planes in Space

6. v = 2i − j + 3k is a vector parallel to the desired line and (3, −2, 1) is a point on the line.
∴ The parametric equations for the line are x = 3 +2t, y = −2 − t, z = 1 +3t, t ∈ R.
(The symmetric form for the line is x − 3 = − y + 2 = z − 1 .)
2 1 3
8. n = 3i + 7 j − 5k is a normal to the plane 3x + 7y − 5z = 21 and hence it is parallel to the desired line, and
(2, 4, 5) is a point on the line.
∴ The parametric equations for the line are x = 2 +3t, y = 4 + 7t, z = 5 − 5t, t ∈ R.
(The symmetric form for the line is x − 2 = y − 4 = − z − 5 .)
3 7 5
10. u × v = −2i + 4 j − 2k = −2(i − 2 j + k ) is a vector perpendicular to both u and v , hence it is parallel to the
desired line. Take <1, −2, 1> as a vector parallel to the desired line and (2, 3, 0) is a point on the line, the
parametric equations for the line are x = 2 + t, y = 3 − 2t, z = t, t ∈ R.
(The symmetric form for the line is x − 2 = − y − 3 = z .)
2
12. v = k is a vector parallel to the z-axis and (0, 0, 0) is a point on the axis. ∴ The parametric equations for the
z-axis are x = 0, y = 0, z = t, t ∈ R. (The symmetric form for the z-axis is x = y = 0.)
22. n = 3i + j + k is a vector normal to the plane 3x + y + z = 7 and hence it is normal to the desired plane (∵ 2
planes are parallel), and (1, −1, 3) is a point on the desired plane. ∴ The equation for the plane is 3x + y + z = 5.
i j k
24. Let P(2, 4, 5), Q(1, 5, 7) and R(−1, 6, 8) be three points on the plane. Then is
PQ × PR = − 1 1 2 = −i − 3j + k
−3 2 3
a vector normal to the desired plane. ∴ The equation for the plane is −x − 3y + z = −9, that is x + 3y − z = 9.
26. OA = i − 2 j + k is a normal to the desired plane and A is on the plane. The equation for the plane is x − 2y + z = 6.
28. The two lines intersect ⇔ t = 2s + 2, −t + 2 = s + 3 and t + 1 = 5s + 6.

Solve the first two equations, we obtain t = 0, s = −1. Substitute these values into the third equation, we have
0 +1 = 1 = 5(−1) + 6, the equation is satisfied. Hence, the lines intersect when t = 0, s = −1. The point of
intersection is (0, 0+2, 0+1), that is (0, 2, 1).
Let u = i − j + k is a vector parallel to the first line and let v = 2i + j + 5k is a vector parallel to the
second line. Then u × v = −3(i + j − k ) is a vector normal to the plane determined by the two lines.
∴ The equation for the plane is 2x + y − z = 2(0) + 1(2) −1(1) = 1.
30. Given that the two lines intersect. Then t = 1 + s and 3 − 3t = 4 + s ⇒ t = 0, s = −1 ⇒ (0, 3, −2) is the point of
intersection. v1 = i − 3j + k is a vector parallel to L1 and v 2 = i + j + k is a vector parallel to L2.
v1 × v 2 = −2(i + j − 2k) is a vector normal to the plane determined by the lines.
∴ The equation for the plane is x + y − 2z = 1(0) + 1(3) −2(−2) = 7.
32. n = 4i − j + 2k is a vector normal to the plane 4x − y + 2z = 7. P1 P2 × n = −2(i + 6 j + k ) is a vector normal to the

desired plane. ∴ The equation for the plane is x + 6y + z = 1(1) + 6(2) + 1(3) = 16.
34. Let S(0, 0, 0) be the given point. P(5, 5, −3) is a point on the line and v = 3i + 4 j − 5k is a vector parallel to
the line. PS × v = 13i − 16 j − 5k . The distance from S to the line is PS × v / | v | = 3 unit.
36. S(2, 1, −1); take P(0, 1, 0) and v = 3i + 4 j − 5k . PS × v = i − 3j + 2k ; distance is 14 / 3 unit.
1
SIM1003 Solutions of Tutorial 6 (2021/22 Sem 1)
38. S(−1, 4, 3); take P(10, −3, 0) and v = i + k . PS × v = 7(i + 2 j − k ) ; distance = 7 3 unit.
40. Let S(0, 0, 0) be the given point. P(0, 0, 1) is a point on the plane and n = 3i + 2 j + 6k is a vector normal to
the plane. The distance from S to the plane is PS ⋅ n / | n | = 6 / 7 unit.
42. S(2, 2, 3); take P(2, 0, 0) and n = 2i + j + 2k . The distance is 8/3 unit.
44. S(1, 0, −1); take P(−1, 0, 0) and n = −4i + j + k . The distance is 3 2 / 2 unit.
46. ⎛ 1 ⎞
v ⋅ n = ⎜ i + j − k ⎟ ⋅ (i + 2 j + 6k ) = 0 ⇒ the line is parallel to the plane. When t = −1, the point S(1, 0, 0) is on
⎝ 2 ⎠
the line and P(10, 0, 0) is on the plane.
The distance from the line to the plane = the distance from S to the plane = PS ⋅ n / | n | = 9 / 41 unit.
48. n1 = 5i + j − k is normal to the plane 5x + y − z = 10 and n 2 = i − 2j + 3k is normal to the plane x − 2y + 3z = −1.

The angle between 2 planes = the angle between n 1 and n 2 = cos−1⎛⎜ n1 ⋅ n 2 ⎞⎟ = cos−1⎛⎜ 5 − 2 − 3 ⎞⎟ = cos−1 0 = π .
⎜ | n || n | ⎟ 2
⎝ 1 2 ⎠ ⎝ 27 14 ⎠
50. v1 = i + 4j + k is a vector parallel to the first line and v 2 = 3i − 2k is a vector parallel to the second line.
The angle between the intersecting lines = the angle between v1 and v2
⎛ v ⋅v ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
= cos−1 ⎜ 1 2 ⎟ = ... = cos−1 ⎜ ⎟ ≈ 1.505 rad.
⎝ | v1 || v 2 | ⎠ ⎝ 234 ⎠
52. v = 2j − 2k is a vector parallel to the line and n = i − j + k is a vector normal to the plane.
The angle between the line and plane = the angle between v and n ⎛ v⋅n ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
−1 −2
= cos−1 ⎜ ⎟ = ... = cos ⎜ ⎟ ≈ 2.526 rad.
⎝ | v || n | ⎠ ⎝ 6⎠
58. 6x + 3y − 4z = −12 ⇒ 6(2)+ 3(3+ 2t) − 4(−2 −2t) = −12 ⇒ t = −41/14. When t = −41/14, x = 2, y = −20/7 and
z = 27/7. ∴ The line meets the plane at the point (2, −20/7, 27/7).
60. t = −1. The line meets the plane at the point (−4, −2, −5).
62. n1 = 3i − 6j − 2k is a normal to the plane 3x − 6y − 2z = 3 and n 2 = 2i + j − 2k is a normal to the plane
2x + y − 2z = 2. Then n1 × n 2 = 14i + 2j + 15k is a vector parallel to the line of intersection L of the 2 planes.
Take z = 0, we have 3x − 6y = 3 and 2x + y = 2. Solve the two equations, we have x = 1, y = 0. So, the point
(1, 0, 0) lies on both planes and hence it lies on L.
∴ The parametric equations for the line are x = 1 + 14t, y = 2t, z = 15t, t ∈ R.
64. n1 × n 2 = 5(2i + 5j + 4k ) ; Point (1, −3, 1) (take x = 1 to avoid fraction).
The parametric equations for the line are x = 1 + 2t, y = −3 + 5t, z = 1 + 4t, t ∈ R.
66. v1 = 2i − j + 3k // L1 , v 2 = 2(2i + j + 2k ) // L2 and v 3 = 2i − j + 3k // L3.
(i) For L1 and L2:
v 1 and v 2 are not scalar multiple of each other ⇒ v 1 and v 2 are not parallel ⇒ L1 and L2 are not
parallel.
L1 and L2 intersect ⇔ 1 + 2t = 2 − s, −1 − t = 3s and 3t = 1 + s. Solve the first two equations, we obtain
t = 4/5, s = −3/5. With these values, we have 3t = 12/5 ≠ 1 + (−3/5) = 1 + s, the third equation is not satisfied.
So, L1 and L2 do not intersect. Hence L1 and L2 are skew.
(ii) For L1 and L3: v1 = v 3 ⇒ v1 and v 3 are parallel ⇒ L1 and L3 are parallel.
(iii) For L2 and L3: From (i), v1 and v 2 are not parallel. Hence L2 and L3 are not parallel (∵ v1 = v 3 ).
L2 and L3 intersect ⇔ 2 − s = 5 + 2r , 3s = 1 − r and 1 + s = 8 + 3r .
Solve the first two equations, we have s = 1, r = −2.
With these values, we have 1 + s = 1+1 = 2 = 8 + 3(−2) = 8 + 3r, the third equation is satisfied. So, L2 and
L3 intersect at (1, 3, 2).

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Institute of Mathematical Sciences

11.5 Line and Planes in Space

28. The two lines intersect ⇔ t = 2s + 2, −t + 2 = s + 3 and t + 1 = 5s + 6.

32. n = 4i − j + 2k is a vector normal to the plane 4x − y + 2z = 7. P1 P2 × n = −2(i + 6 j + k ) is a vector normal to the

36. S(2, 1, −1); take P(0, 1, 0) and v = 3i + 4 j − 5k . PS × v = i − 3j + 2k ; distance is 14 / 3 unit.

48. n1 = 5i + j − k is normal to the plane 5x + y − z = 10 and n 2 = i − 2j + 3k is normal to the plane x − 2y + 3z = −1.

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