On your answer sheet, write in or circle the correct letter for each question.

9La 9Lb
1 Why is it easier to cut something with a 1 The pressure in liquids and gases is
sharp knife than with a blunt one? caused by:
A The area of the knife edge is large so A the particles pressing down.
pressure is greater. B the particles pushing up.
B The area of the knife edge is small so C the particles moving sideways.
pressure is greater.
D the particles moving in all directions
C The area of the knife edge is large so and colliding with things.
pressure is smaller.
2 Why does a dam at the end of a lake need
D The area of the knife edge is small so
to be wider at the bottom?
pressure is smaller.
A Water pressure is greater near the
2 If all these birds are the same weight, which surface of the water.
bird has the lowest pressure under its feet?
B There is more water pressure at the
bottom of the lake.
C To use up more concrete.
D Water pressure decreases with depth.
3 When a gas is compressed:
A crow B seagull
A the particles bump into the walls of the
container less often.
B the pressure drops.
C the particles become more spread out.
C raven D chicken
D the pressure increases.
3 Which is not a unit for pressure?
4 A hydraulic system:
A pascals
A uses air to smooth out bumps.
B newtons per square metre
B uses air to send a force from one place
C kilograms
to another.
D newtons per square millimetre
C uses a liquid to send a force from one
4 A basketball player weighs 500 N. The area place to another.
of one of his trainers is 250 cm2. When he D uses a solid to send a force from one
puts all his weight on one foot, how much place to another.
pressure does he put on the ground?
A 0.5 N/cm2 B 2 N/cm2
C 250 N/cm2 D 125 000 N/cm2
9Lc 9Ld
1 In science, a lever is: 1 The moment of a force is:
A a complex machine which keeps the A its turning effect.
size of force you put in the same. B how long it takes to work.
B a simple machine which changes the C how far it moves.
size of force you put in.
D the distance of a force from a pivot.
C a simple machine which changes the
area of force you put in. 2 You are opening a can of paint with a
screwdriver. You apply a force of 10 N,
D someone about to finish school.
20 cm from the pivot. What is the moment
2 Which are the correct labels for the lever of the force?
shown below? A 2Nm B 20Nm
C 200Nm D 2000 N m
3 What is a seesaw that is ‘in equilibrium’?
A a balanced seesaw
B a seesaw with the same weight on
Z
each side
C a seesaw with both people the same
X Y distance from the middle
A X = effort, Y = pivot, Z = load D a wooden seesaw
B X = pivot, Y = effort, Z = load 4 What is the distance from the pivot of the
C X = load, Y = pivot, Z = effort boy on the seesaw?
D X = load, Y = effort, Z = pivot
3 How many diagrams show levers in action?

Boy: 300 N  ? m Girl: 450 N  2m

A 1m B 2m C 3m D 4m

A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
4 Which lever will make it easiest to move
the rock?

AA B
B

C D
Name Class

1 Mr Smith needs to put the paving stone down.

He does not want it to sink into the mud. A

a Which side of the stone should he put

B C
on the ground?
[1 mark]
b Explain your answer to part a.

[2 marks]

2 A boy dives 10 metres deep for pearls.

a The boy can feel pressure from the water.
What causes this pressure?

[1 mark]
Five metres further down there is extra pressure
on the boy from the water.
b Explain what causes the extra pressure.

[1 mark]
c How will the pressure change if he goes deeper?
[1 mark]
d Draw four arrows on the boy in the drawing to show in which directions the
pressure is acting on him.
[2 marks]
 3 a Label the pivot on drawing A on the right.
b Wire cutters can cut through thin pieces of wire.
Bolt cutters can cut through much thicker pieces
of metal. Is tool B a pair of bolt cutters, or a pair
of wire cutters?
A

Explain your answer.

[3 marks]

4 This is a hydraulic lifting system.

a Calculate the pressure the small piston
250 N
puts on the fluid. (Hint: P = F/A.)
5 cm2
20 cm2

fluid

[1 mark]
b What is the pressure of the fluid on the large piston?

[1 mark]
c Calculate the size of the force that this pressure will put on the large piston.

[1 mark]
d If the small piston moves 4 cm, how far will the large piston move?

[1 mark]
e Why do hydraulic systems only work with liquids and not gases?

[1 mark]
 5 Mrs Jones is pumping up a tyre
on her car.
a What is happening to the number of
air particles in the tyre?

[1 mark]
b Explain why the pressure of air inside the tyre is increasing.

9 [1 mark]
L c What happens to the area of the tyre in contact with the ground? Explain your
answer by reference to P = F/A.

[2 marks]

6 A steelyard is used for weighing objects that can be suspended from it.
rider pivot

load
a The rider weighs 100 N and is 0.5 m from the pivot.
What is the moment of the rider?
[1 mark]
b The steelyard is balanced. What is the moment of the load?

[1 mark]
7 The weight of a skier is 750 N. Each ski is 10 cm wide and 125 cm long.
Calculate the pressure he exerts on the snow when standing on two skis. Include
the units.

[3 marks]