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    Dynamics of Machines-Unit 2 - Notes

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    SYLVIA ANITA
    The document discusses balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses. It covers: 1. Classifying balancing based on the number and planes of rotating masses, such as a single mass balanced by one or two masses. 2. Methods for balancing including ensuring centrifugal forces are equal in magnitude and direction, and using graphical methods. 3. Balancing reciprocating masses to eliminate unbalanced shaking forces and couples, where the primary unbalanced force occurs twice per revolution and the secondary force occurs four times.

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    Dynamics of Machines-Unit 2 - Notes

    Uploaded by

    SYLVIA ANITA
    57 views30 pages
    The document discusses balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses. It covers: 1. Classifying balancing based on the number and planes of rotating masses, such as a single mass balanced by one or two masses. 2. Methods for balancing including ensuring centrifugal forces are equal in magnitude and direction, and using graphical methods. 3. Balancing reciprocating masses to eliminate unbalanced shaking forces and couples, where the primary unbalanced force occurs twice per revolution and the secondary force occurs four times.

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    DYNAMICS OF MACHINES-UNIT 2 -NOTES

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    The document discusses balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses. It covers: 1. Classifying balancing based on the number and planes of rotating masses, such as a single mass balanced by one or two masses. 2. Methods for balancing including ensuring centrifugal forces are equal in magnitude and direction, and using graphical methods. 3. Balancing reciprocating masses to eliminate unbalanced shaking forces and couples, where the primary unbalanced force occurs twice per revolution and the secondary force occurs four times.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    57 views30 pages

    Dynamics of Machines-Unit 2 - Notes

    Uploaded by

    SYLVIA ANITA
    The document discusses balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses. It covers: 1. Classifying balancing based on the number and planes of rotating masses, such as a single mass balanced by one or two masses. 2. Methods for balancing including ensuring centrifugal forces are equal in magnitude and direction, and using graphical methods. 3. Balancing reciprocating masses to eliminate unbalanced shaking forces and couples, where the primary unbalanced force occurs twice per revolution and the secondary force occurs four times.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 30

    DYNAMICS OF MACHINES

    UNIT-2(BALANCING OF ROTATING AND RECIPROCATING MASSES

     Balancing is a technique of correcting or eliminating either completely or


    partially the effect of inertia forces and centripetal moments acting on
    machine parts.
    C.G

    m
    CLASSIFICATION

    1. Balancing of a single rotating mass by a single mass rotating in the same


    plane.

    2. Balancing of a single rotating mass by two masses rotating in different


    planes.

    3. Balancing of different masses rotating in the same plane.

    4. Balancing of different masses rotating in different planes

    1.Balancing of a single rotating mass by a single Mass rotating in the same


    plane.
    Disturbing force, Fc1= mω2r

    Balancing force , Fc2= mBω2rB

    For balancing Fc1= Fc2, mω2r = mBω2rB , mr = mBrB

    Unbalancing system:

    In a system containing one or more rotating mass and if the Centre of mass of the
    system does not lie on the axis of rotation , then it is known as unbalanced
    system.

    2.Balancing of a single rotating mass by two masses rotating in different


    planes.
     The net dynamic force acting on the shaft is equal to zero. This requires
    that the line of action of three centrifugal forces must be the same. This is
    the condition for static balancing.
    1. A mass of 100kg is fixed to a rotating shaft so that distance of its mass centre
    from axis of rotation is 228mm. Find the balancing masses in following the
    condition.a) Two masses one left of disturbing mass at a distance of 100mm and
    radius of 400mm and the other one on right distance of 200mm and radius of
    150mm
    3. Balancing of several masses rotating in the same plane.
    GRAPHICAL METHOD
    S
    1.08
    1.2
    Balancing of reciprocating mass:
    The unbalanced reciprocating masses will produce a
    shaking force(unbalanced force) and a shaking couple
    (couple due to the shaking force)
    The purpose of balancing the reciprocating masses is to
    eliminate the shaking force and a shaking couple
    Inertia force is the unbalanced force
    Effect of inertia force should be eliminated.
    The unbalanced force F U is
    given as

    F U=

    Primary unbalanced force ,


    Secondary unbalanced force,

    FR

    FI
     The primary unbalanced force is maximum, when θ = 0° or 180°. Thus, the
    primary force is maximum twice in one revolution of the crank.

     The secondary unbalanced force is maximum, when θ = 0°, 90°,180° and


    360°. Thus, the secondary force is maximum four times in one revolution of
    the crank.

     Secondary unbalanced force is 1/n times the maximum primary unbalanced


    force.

    REVOLVING MASS CANNOT COMPLETELY BALANCE A RECIPROCATING


    MASS. WHY?

    • But unbalanced forces due to reciprocating masses

    and remains constant in direction, but varies in


    magnitude (since angle is varied).

    BALANCING OF SINGLE CYLINDER RECIPROCATING ENGINE


    PROBLEM: 1

    A single cylinder horizontal engine runs at 120rpm. The length of stroke is


    400mm. The mass of the revolving parts assumed concentrated at the crank pin is
    100kg and mass of reciprocating parts is 150kg. Determine the magnitude of the
    balancing mass required to be placed opposite to the crank at a radius of 150mm
    which is equivalent to all the revolving and 2/3rd of the reciprocating masses. If the
    crank turns 300 from the inner dead centre. Find the magnitude of the unbalanced
    force due to the balancing mass
    Partial balancing of locomotive:
    (Balancing of two cylinder engines)
    1. Based on the number of pairs of wheels coupled

    a. Coupled locomotive

    b. Uncoupled or single locomotive

    2. Based on the arrangement of two cylinders

    a. Inside cylinder locomotive

    b. Outside cylinder locomotive

    Partial balancing of locomotive

    EFFECT OF PARTIAL BALANCING OF LOCOMOTIVES

    • Due to partial balance of reciprocating masses there is

    a. An unbalanced force along the line of stroke

    b. An unbalanced force perpendicular to the line of stroke.

    1.Effect of an unbalanced force along the line of stroke is

    - Variation in tractive force along the line of stroke

    - Swaying couple
    2.Effect of an unbalanced force perpendicular to the line of stroke is to produce.

    - Variation of pressure on this rails, which is known as hammer blow

    Tractive force:

    The resultant unbalanced force along the line of stroke, is known as tractive force.
    Swaying couple:

     The unbalanced forces along the line of stroke for the two cylinders
    constitute a couple.

     This couple has swaying effect about a vertical axis

     Tends to sway the engine alternately in clockwise and anticlockwise


    directions. Hence the couple is known as swaying couple.
    Hammer Blow:

    The maximum magnitude of the unbalanced force perpendicular to the line of


    stroke is known as hammer blow.
    FIRING ORDER

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