MODULE-4

BALANCING OF ROTATING MASSES

CONTENTS
➢ INTRODUCTION
➢ BALANCING OF A SINGLE ROTATING MASS BY A SINGLE
MASS ROTATING IN THE SAME PLANE
➢ BALANCING OF A SINGLE ROTATING MASS BY TWO
MASSES ROTATING IN DIFFERENT PLANES
➢ BALANCING OF SEVERAL MASSES ROTATING IN THE
SAME PLANE
➢ BALANCING OF SEVERAL MASSES ROTATING IN
DIFFERENT PLANE

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 Syllabus

Balancing of Rotating Masses:

Balancing of Several Masses Rotating in the Same
Plane,
Balancing of Several Masses Rotating in Different
Planes (only Graphical Methods).

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BALANCING: Balancing is the technique of
correcting or eliminating unwanted inertia
forces or moments in rotating or reciprocating
masses and is achieved by changing the
location of the mass centers.
The objectives of balancing an engine are to
ensure: 1. That the centre of gravity of the
system remains stationery during a complete
revolution of the crank shaft and
2. That the couples involved in acceleration of
the different moving parts balance each other.
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Types of balancing:
a) Static Balancing: Static balancing is a balance of forces due to
action of gravity.
A body is said to be in static balance when its center of gravity is
in the axis of rotation.

b) Dynamic balancing: Dynamic balance is a balance due to the

action of inertia forces.
A body is said to be in dynamic balance when the resultant
moments or couples, which involved in the acceleration of different
moving parts is equal to zero.

The conditions of dynamic balance are met, the conditions of static

balance are also met.
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INTRODUCTION

The high speed of engines and other machines is a common

phenomenon now-a-days.

It is therefore very essential that all the rotating and reciprocating parts
should be completely balanced as far as possible.

If these parts are not properly balanced, the dynamic forces are set up.

These forces not only increase the loads on bearings and stresses in the
various members but also produce unpleasant and even dangerous
vibrations.

Here discuss the balancing of unbalanced forces caused by rotating

masses.
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Rotating shaft lead to centrifugal forces –bend the shaft- vibration

Whenever a certain mass is attached to a rotating shaft, it exerts some

centrifugal force whose effect is to bend the shaft and to produce
vibrations in it.

In order to prevent the effect of centrifugal force, another mass is

attached to the opposite side of the shaft at such a position so as to
balance the effect of the centrifugal force of the first mass.

This is done in such a way that the centrifugal force of both the masses
are made to be equal and opposite.

The process of providing the second mass in order to counteract the

effect of the centrifugal force of the first mass, is called balancing of
rotating masses.
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The following cases are important from the subject point of view:

1. Balancing of a single rotating mass by a single mass rotating in the

same plane.

2. Balancing of a single rotating mass by two masses rotating in

different planes.

3. Balancing of different masses rotating in the same plane.

4. Balancing of different masses rotating in different planes.

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BALANCING OF A SINGLE ROTATING MASS BY A SINGLE
MASS ROTATING IN THE SAME PLANE

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BALANCING OF A SINGLE ROTATING MASS BY TWO
MASSES ROTATING IN DIFFERENT PLANES
By introducing a single balancing mass in the same plane of rotation as
that of disturbing mass, the centrifugal forces are balanced.
In other words, the two forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in
direction.
But this type of arrangement for balancing gives rise to a couple which
tends to rock the shaft in its bearings.
Therefore in order to put the system in complete balance, two balancing
masses are placed in two different planes, parallel to the plane of
rotation of the disturbing mass.

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1. When the plane of the disturbing mass lies in between the planes
of the two balancing masses

Consider a disturbing mass m lying in a plane A to be balanced by two

rotating masses m1 and m2 lying in two different planes L and M as
shown in Fig.
Let r, r 1 and r 2 be the radii of rotation of the masses in planes A, L and
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M respectively.
Let r, r 1 and r 2 be the radii of rotation of the masses in planes A, L and
M respectively.

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Since the net force acting on the shaft must be equal to zero, therefore
the centrifugal force on the disturbing mass must be equal to the sum of
the centrifugal forces on the balancing masses, therefore

Now in order to find the magnitude of balancing force in the plane L (or
the dynamic force at the bearing Q of a shaft), take moments about P
which is the point of intersection of the plane M and the axis of rotation.
Therefore

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Similarly, in order to find the balancing force in plane M (or the
dynamic force at the bearing P of a shaft), take moments about Q which
is the point of intersection of the plane L and the axis of rotation.
Therefore

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2. When the plane of the disturbing mass lies on one end of the planes
of the balancing masses

In this case, the mass m lies in the plane A and the balancing masses lie
in the planes L and M, as shown in Fig. The following conditions must
be satisfied in order to balance the system, i.e.

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Now, to find the balancing force in the plane L (or the dynamic force at
the bearing Q of a shaft), take moments about P which is the point of
intersection of the plane M and the axis of rotation. Therefore

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Similarly, to find the balancing force in the plane M (or the dynamic
force at the bearing P of a shaft), take moments about Q which is the
point of intersection of the plane L and the axis of rotation. Therefore

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BALANCING OF SEVERAL MASSES ROTATING IN THE
SAME PLANE

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Consider any number of masses (say four) of magnitude m1, m2, m3 and
m4 at distances of r1, r2, r3 and r4 from the axis of the rotating shaft.
Let 1, 2, 3 and 4 be the angles of these masses with the horizontal line
OX, as shown in Fig.
Let these masses rotate about an axis through O and perpendicular to
the plane of paper, with a constant angular velocity of  rad/s.
The magnitude and position of the balancing mass may be found out
analytically or graphically.

1. Analytical method

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1) Draw the space diagram showing positions of
the masses
2) Calculate centrifugal forces which is
proportional to product of mass X radius
Graphical method
m1 .r1= 200x 0.2=40 Kg-m
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m2 .r2=300x 0.15=45 Kg-m
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Balancing of several masses rotating in
different planes

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Problem 1: A shaft carries 4 masses A, B,C & D of magnitude 200Kg , 300
Kg,400 Kg and 200 Kg respectively and radii 80mm, 70mm, 60mm and 80mm
in planes measured from A at 300mm, 400mm and 700mm. The angles
between the cranks measured anticlockwise are A to B 45 degrees, B to C 70
& C to D 120 degree. The balancing masses are to be placed in planes X and
Y. The distance between the planes A and X is 100mm, between X and Y is
400mm and between Y and D is 200mm. If the balancing masses revolve at a
radius of 100mm, Find the their magnitudes and angular positions.

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A shaft carries four masses in parallel planes A,B,C,D in this order along its
length. The masses at B & C are 18 Kg & 12.5 Kg respectively and each has an
eccentricity of 60mm. The masses at A & D have eccentricity of 80mm. The angle
between the masses B& C is 100 degree & B&A is 190 degree both being
measured in same direction. The axial distance between the planes A & B is
100mm and B&C is 200mm.If the shaft is in complete dynamic balance ,
determine the magnitude of masses A & D, distance between plane A &D also
angular position of mass D.
Data: Mass at B Mb=18 Kg, Mc=12.5kg,rb =rc =60mm=0.06m , rA = rD =80mm=0.08m
Angle BOC=100 degree, Angle BOA=190 degree.
Take Mass A as reference plane

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A shaft is supported in bearings 1.8 m apart and projects 0.45 m beyond
bearings at each end. The shaft carries three pulleys one at each end and one
at the middle of its length. The mass of end pulleys is 48 kg and 20 kg and their
centre of gravity are 15 mm and 12.5 mm respectively from the shaft axis. The
centre pulley has a mass of 56 kg and its centre of gravity is 15 mm from the
shaft axis. If the pulleys are arranged so as to give static balance,
Determine : 1. relative angular positions of the pulleys, and 2. dynamic forces
produced on the bearings when the shaft rotates at 300 r.p.m.

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It is assumed that the mass of pulley B acts in vertical direction.
We know that for the static balance of the pulleys, the centre of
gravity of the system must lie on the axis of rotation. Therefore a
force polygon must be a closed figure. Now in Fig.(b), draw OA
parallel to vector bc and OC parallel to vector co
123, 76, 161 are the angles made as shown
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Dynamic forces at the two bearings In order to find the dynamic forces (or reactions) at
the two bearings L and M, let us first calculate the values of mL.rL and mM.rM

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