Mathematics

Midline Theorem, Trapezoids,

and Kites

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Edsel Padilla

Editor: Lara Charisse Calumbano and Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Reviewer: Michael R. Lee

Layout: Ma. Fatima D. Delfin and Michiko Remyflor V. Trangia

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Education Program Supervisor, LRMS

Michael R. Lee
Education Program Supervisor, Mathematics

2
 What I Need to Know

For this module, learners build their skills and competencies in thinking critically
and in solving equations and inequalities involving number-relation, age, work, mixture,
and investment word problems in one variable. After going through this module, you are
expected to have mastery on the following objectives:

1. prove the Midline Theorem;

2. prove theorems on trapezoids and kites; and
3. solves problems involving parallelograms, trapezoids and kites.

What I Know

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Which of the following statements is not true about isosceles trapezoid?

A. The base angles are congruent.
B. The two diagonals are congruent.
C. The two diagonals bisect each other.
D. The two pairs of opposite angles are supplementary.

2. Quadrilateral CBDA is a kite and ̅̅̅̅̅ 𝐷𝐵. ̅̅̅̅

𝐶𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐵 is the
̅̅̅̅
perpendicular bisector of 𝐶𝐷. Which of the following
statements is not true about kite?
A. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐴 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐴 C. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐸 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸
̅̅̅̅̅ ⏊ ̅̅̅̅
B. 𝐶𝐸 𝐵𝐸 ̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
D. 𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐸

3. The median of the trapezoid is illustrated in the given figure. Based from the given
illustration, which steps in the given solution was the first mistake committed?
20+30
I. 2x +3 = 2
20+30
II. 2(2x +3) = ( 2 )
2x +3 30
III. 4x+6 = 25 20
IV. 4x =19
19
V. x =4
19 25
VI. Median = 2x+3 = 2( )+3 =
4 2

A. II B. III C. IV D. V

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 4. In the figure, ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑊 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑌 are midsegments of ∆KNE.
AW = 12 and AY = 9, what is the measure of segment NE?
A. 6 C. 18
B. 12 D. 24

5. Find the values of the variables and the lengths of the kite as shown.
A. x =18, y= 10; 15, 15
B
B. x =10, y= 18; 15, 22 2x + 2
y- 3
C. x =18, y= 10; 7, 23
D. x =10, y= 18; 7, 23
C A

x+5 x + 12
D

Lesson

1 Midline Theorem

A quadrilateral which has two opposite sides parallel and the other two opposite
sides non-parallel is called a trapezoid. The parallel sides of a trapezoid are called its
bases and the non-parallel sides are its lateral sides (legs). The line segment connecting
the midpoints of the lateral sides of a trapezoid is called its midline.

What’s In

Let us recall the midline theorem of a triangle: the line segment connecting the
midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side, and is congruent to half
of it.

Midline Theorem of a Triangle

In a triangle, the segment joining the midpoint of two sides is parallel to the third side
and is equal to one-half of it.

X Y 1
XY = BC
2

B C

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Proof:

Given: ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 with 𝑋 and 𝑌 as the

midpoints of sides ̅𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐶 . By
̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅ and A
definition of midpoint, 𝐴𝑋 = 𝑋𝐵
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑌 = ̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝐶 . Construct midline ̅𝑋𝑌 ̅̅̅̅ and 1
produce ̅𝑋𝑌 ̅̅̅̅ to 𝐷 so that ̅𝑋𝑌 ̅̅̅̅ = ̅𝑌𝐷
̅̅̅̅. Join
X 2 Y
̅𝐷𝐶
̅̅̅̅. By vertical angle, ∠2 ≅ ∠4. It follows
D
3
that ∆𝐴𝑋𝑌 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐷𝑌 by SAS postulate
which means that ∠1 ≅ ∠4; ̅𝐴𝑋 ̅̅̅̅ = ̅𝐶𝐷
̅̅̅̅ 4
because of the CPCTC. Based on the B C
figure, ∠1 ≅ ∠4 are alternate interior
angles and by AIP Theorem, ̅𝐶𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ ∥ ̅𝑋𝐵
̅̅̅̅ . By transitive property, we now
̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅
conclude that 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑋𝐵 . If two sides of a quadrilateral are parallel and
congruent, then the quadrilateral 𝑋𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a parallelogram. By definition of
parallelogram, ̅𝑋𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ = ̅𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅ and using the betweenness and substitution
property, we have ̅𝑋𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ = ̅𝑋𝑌
̅̅̅̅ + ̅𝑌𝐷
̅̅̅̅ = 2𝑋𝑌 ̅̅̅̅̅. Therefore, ̅𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅ = ̅𝑋𝐷
̅̅̅̅ = ̅𝑋𝑌
̅̅̅̅ + ̅𝑌𝐷
̅̅̅̅ = 2𝑋𝑌
̅̅̅̅̅
and nails down into:
1
̅𝑋𝑌
̅̅̅̅ = ̅𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅
2

What’s New

Midline Theorem of Trapezoid

The median of a trapezoid is parallel to the bases and half the sum of the lengths of
the bases

Proof:
Given trapezoid 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 with 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ ∥ 𝐷𝐶
̅̅̅̅
and length of the bases are 𝑚 and 𝑛,
respectively. Joining the two non-
consecutive vertices 𝐵 and 𝐷 will form
∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 and ∆𝐶𝐷𝐵. The midline ̅̅̅̅ 𝐸𝐺 , which is
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
parallel to 𝐷𝐶 and 𝐴𝐵, intersects the
diagonal ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐵 at 𝐹. Segment ̅̅̅̅ 𝐸𝐹 and ̅̅̅̅𝐹𝐺 are
the midsegments of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 and ∆𝐶𝐷𝐵. Since
𝐸𝐹 and ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝐹𝐺 are the midsegments of the said
triangle, the following holds true:
1 1
𝐸𝐹 = 2 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐺 = 2 ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐶
Adding these results, we have
1 1 1
𝐸𝐹 + ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝐹𝐺 = 2 ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵+2 ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ + ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐶 = 2 (𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐶 )

1 1
By betweenness property ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ = ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹 + 𝐹𝐺 ̅̅̅̅ + 𝐷𝐶
𝐸𝐺 = 2 (𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ ). Therefore, ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐺 = 2 (𝑚 + 𝑛).∎

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Definition: An isosceles trapezoid is a quadrilateral with congruent base angles.

Theorems:

 A quadrilateral is an isosceles trapezoid if and only if the legs are congruent.

 A quadrilateral is an isosceles trapezoid if and only if the diagonals are congruent.
 A quadrilateral is an isosceles trapezoid if and only if its opposite angles
are supplementary.

Definition: A kite is a quadrilateral with exactly two pairs of congruent consecutive

sides.

Theorems Illustration Conclusion

B
If a quadrilateral is a
kite then the
diagonals are C A 𝐵𝐷 ⊥ 𝐴𝐶
perpendicular.

B
If a quadrilateral is a
kite, then exactly one ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐷
of opposite angles are C A ∠𝐶 ≠ ∠𝐴
congruent.

B
If one of the diagonals
of a quadrilateral is
the perpendicular E 𝐵𝐸 = 𝐸𝐷
C A
bisector of the other,
the quadrilateral is a
kite.
D

B
If a quadrilateral is a
kite, it has one ∠1 ≅ ∠2
diagonal that bisects ∠3 ≅ ∠4
1 3
a pair of opposite C 4
A
2
angles.

What is It

B
In kite 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷, 𝑚∠𝐴𝐷𝐸 = 72 and 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐸 = 48.5.
Find the measure of each.
E
C A
1. 𝑚∠𝐵𝐶𝐷
2. 𝑚∠𝐸𝐴𝐷
D

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Find the measures of the numbered angles in each figure.
1. 2. 3.

a
45 a

50 ab
54 90
b c
b

Find the value of the variable in each isosceles trapezoid.

A B P Q
4. 6.
60  3x + 15 

S SQ= x + 1 R
D C
RP= 2x - 3
K x-3 L
5.
10

J 2x - 4 M

What’s More

In trapezoid ABCD, EF is a median.

D C
1. AB = 25; DC = 13; EF =___
2. AE = 11; FB = 8 ; AD= ___;BC=___
E F
3. AB = 7𝑥 + 6
EF = 5𝑥 − 3
DC = 𝑥 − 5
𝑥 = ___ A B

PQRS is a kite. Find

1. ∠𝑃 = ___
2. ∠𝑄 = ___ P  x + 30  x R
3. ∠𝑅 = ___

125

S
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 What I Have Learned

Theorems Illustration Conclusion

B
If a quadrilateral is
a kite, then the
diagonals are C A 𝐵𝐷 ⊥ 𝐴𝐶
perpendicular.

B
If a quadrilateral is
a kite, then exactly ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐷
one of opposite C A ∠𝐶 ≠ ∠𝐴
angles are
congruent.
D

If one of the B
diagonals of a
quadrilateral is the
perpendicular E 𝐵𝐸 = 𝐸𝐷
C A
bisector of the
other, the
quadrilateral is a
D
kite.
B
If a quadrilateral is
a kite, it has one ∠1 ≅ ∠2
diagonal that ∠3 ≅ ∠4
1 3
bisects a pair of C 4
A
2
opposite angles.

The median of a 1
𝐸𝐹 = (𝐷𝐶 + 𝐴𝐵)
trapezoid is parallel 2
to the bases and
half the sum of the
lengths of the bases

If a quadrilateral is
an isosceles
trapezoid, then ∠𝐷 ≅ ∠𝐶
each pair of base ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐵
angles is congruent

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 A trapezoid is
isosceles if and only
if its diagonals are 𝐾𝑀 = 𝐿𝐽
congruent.

What I Can Do

̅̅̅̅ ∥ PT
A. Given: Quadrilateral POST is an isosceles trapezoid with OS ̅̅̅̅. 𝐸𝑅
̅̅̅̅ is its
median.

1. If 𝑂𝑆 = 3𝑥 − 2, 𝑃𝑇 = 2𝑥 + 10 and 𝐸𝑅 = 14, how long is each base?

2. If 𝑚∠𝑃 = 2𝑥 + 5 and 𝑚∠𝑂 = 3𝑥 − 10, what is 𝑚∠𝑇?
3. One base is twice the other and ER is 6 cm long. If its perimeter is 27 cm, how
long is each leg?
4. ER is 8.5 in long and one leg measures 9 in. What is its perimeter if one of the
bases is 3 in more than the other?

̅ ≅ ̅̅̅
B. Given: Quadrilateral LIKE is a KITE with 𝐿𝐼 𝐼𝐾 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝐸 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐾𝐸

1. LE is twice LI. If its perimeter is 21 cm, how long is ̅̅̅̅

𝐿𝐸 ?
2. What is its area if one of the diagonals is 4 more than the other and IE + LK
= 16 in?
3. 𝐼𝐸 = (𝑥 − 1) 𝑓𝑡 and 𝐿𝐾 = (𝑥 + 2) 𝑓𝑡. If its area is 44 sq. ft, how long are ̅̅̅̅
𝐼𝐸 and
̅̅̅̅̅?
𝐿𝐾

Assessment

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.

̅̅̅̅ is the midsegment of trapezoid WXYZ.

1. 𝐶𝐷
What is the value of x?
A. 1 C. 3/2
B. 2/3 D. 8

2. What is the value of x in kite ABCD?

A. 2 C. 8
B. 4 D. 16

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 ̅̅̅̅ is the midsegment of trapezoid RSXY. What is LM?
3. 𝐿𝑀
A. 4.1 C. 6.15
B. 6 D. 12.3

4. What is true about the diagonals in an isosceles trapezoid?

A. They are congruent.
B. They are perpendicular.
C. They are congruent and perpendicular.
D. The length of each diagonal is equal to half the sum of the bases.

5. EFGH is a kite. To prove that the diagonals of a kite are F

perpendicular, which pair of angles must you prove

congruent using CPCTC?
A. ∠EFI and ∠EHI I
B. ∠GFI and ∠GHI E G

C. ∠EIF and ∠EIH

D. ∠FIE and ∠HIG

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