11.

2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

The SI base units for the spring constant are which of the following?

Select one:
a. kg·s
2

b. kg/s
2

Correct

c. kg/m 2

d. kg·m 2

Question 2
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A bank vault is opened by applying a force of 300 N perpendicular to the plane of the
door, 1.2 m from the hinges. Find the torque due to this force about an axis through the
hinges.

Select one:
a. 180 N·m
b. 240 N·m
c. 300 N·m
d. 360 N·m
Correct
Question 3
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 Find the final equilibrium temperature when 20.0 g of milk at 10.0°C is added to 160 g of
coffee at 85.0°C. (Assume the specific heats of coffee and milk are the same as water and
neglect the heat capacity of the container.) c = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C = 4186 J/kg⋅°C
water

Select one:
a. 95.7°C
b. 75.7°C
Incorrect

c. 74.4°C
d. 98.6°C

e. 76.7°C
Question 4
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Water is being sprayed from a nozzle at the end of a garden hose of diameter 2.5 cm. If the
nozzle has an opening of diameter 1.0 cm, and if the water leaves the nozzle at a speed of
14 m/s, what is the speed of the water inside the hose?

Select one:
a. 3.24 m/s
Incorrect

b. also 14 m/s
c. 0.01 m/s
d. 87.5 m/s
e. 2.24 m/s
Question 5
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 A uniform solid sphere rolls down an incline of height 3 m after starting from rest. In order to
calculate its speed at the bottom of the incline, one needs to know:

Select one:
a. the radius of the sphere.
b. the mass and the radius of the sphere.
c. the mass of the sphere.
d. no more than is given in the problem.
Correct
Question 6
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A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn, is wound around
a 0.080-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. A crank with a turning radius of 0.25 m is
attached to the end of the cylinder. What minimum force directed perpendicular to the crank
handle is required to just raise the bucket? (Assume the rope's mass is negligible, that the
cylinder turns on frictionless bearings, and that g = 9.8 m/s .)
2

Select one:
a. 68 N
b. 72 N
c. 135 N
d. 45 N
Incorrect
Question 7
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A figure skater with arms initially extended starts spinning on the ice at 3 rad/s. She then
pulls her arms in close to her body. Which of the following results?

Select one:
a. a greater rotational rate
 Correct

b. a smaller rotational rate

c. a smaller angular momentum
d. a greater angular momentum
Question 8
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A 0.0020-kg lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a block of ice at
0°C. If all the heat generated goes into melting ice, what quantity of ice is melted? (L = 80
f

kcal/kg, the specific heat of lead = 0.03 kcal/kg⋅°C, and 1 kcal = 4 186 J)

Select one:
a. 1.1 × 10 kg −5

b. 2.8 × 10 kg −3

c. 3.4 × 10 kg −4

d. 1.7 × 10 kg −4

Correct
e. 1.0 × 10 kg −2

Question 9
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A cylinder with its mass concentrated toward the center has a moment of inertia of
0.2MR . If this cylinder is rolling without slipping along a level surface with a linear
2

speed v, what is the ratio of its rotational kinetic energy to its linear kinetic energy?

Select one:
a. 1/1
b. 1/2
Incorrect

c. 1/5
d. 1/l0
Question 10
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11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

A tiny spring, with a spring constant of 1.20 N/m, will be stretched to what displacement by
a 0.0060-N force?

Select one:
a. 5.0 mm
b. 9.4 mm
c. 6.0 mm
Incorrect
d. 4.2 mm
Question 11
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The bulk modulus of a material, as a meaningful physical property, is applicable to

which of the following?

Select one:
a. only solids
b. solids, liquids and gases
Correct

c. only gases
d. only liquids
Question 12
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 A solar heating system has a 25.0% conversion efficiency; the solar radiation incident on the
panels is 950 W/m . What is the increase in temperature of 26.0 kg of water in a 1.00-h
2

period by a 3.00-m -area collector? (c = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)

2
w

Select one:
a. 23.6°C
Correct

b. 47.1°C
c. 17.7°C
d. 7.9°C
e. 94.3°C
Question 13
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A grindstone spinning at the rate of 12 rev/s has what approximate angular speed?

Select one:
a. 52 rad/s
b. 3.2 rad/s
c. 75 rad/s
Correct
d. 26 rad/s
Question 14
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11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

 Three identical springs, each with spring constant k, are attached in parallel to a mass,
which is then set into simple harmonic motion. What would be the spring constant of a
single spring which would result in the same frequency of oscillation as the parallel
springs?

Select one:
a. 3k
Correct

b. k
c.
d. k/3
Question 15
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A tire stops a car by use of friction. What modulus should we use to calculate the stress
and strain on the tire?

Select one:
a. shear modulus
Correct

b. bulk modulus
c. Young's modulus
d. compression modulus
Question 16
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A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.036 rad/s . What is its
2

angular speed at the instant it goes through an angular displacement of 10 rad?

 Select one:
a. 0.85 rad/s
Correct

b. 2.68 rad/s
c. 0.36 rad/s
d. 0.72 rad/s
e. 0.60 rad/s
Question 17
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The bottom of a flat-bottomed aluminum boat has area = 4.1 m and mass = 61 kg. If two
2

fishermen and their fishing gear with total mass of 315 kg are placed in the boat, how
much lower will the boat ride in the water? (H O density = 1.0 × 10 kg/m )
2
3 3

Select one:
a. 0.015 m
b. 0.062 m
c. 0.077 m
d. 1.291 m
Incorrect
e. 0.092 m
Question 18
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A 4-g lead bullet traveling in 20°C air at 290 m/s strikes a flat steel plate and stops. What
is the final temperature of the lead bullet? (Assume the bullet retains all heat.) The
melting point of lead is 327°C. The specific heat of lead is 0.128 J/g⋅°C. The heat of
fusion of lead is 24.5 J/g.
 Select one:
a. 262°C
b. 419°C
c. 327°C
Correct

d. 349°C
e. 175°C
Question 19
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A cube of wood of density 0.78 g/cm is 10 cm on a side. When placed in water, what height
3

of the block will float above the surface? (water density = 1.00 g/cm )
3

Select one:
a. 1.2 cm
b. 7.8 cm
c. 3.2 cm
d. 10 cm
e. 2.2 cm
Correct
Question 20
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11.3 Harmonic Motion and Energy

A mass-spring system on a horizontal frictionless surface is set in simple harmonic motion

with amplitude A. The mass is then doubled and the system is again set into simple
harmonic motion with the same amplitude. Which of the following is true about the total
 mechanical energy of the system due to doubling the mass?

Select one:
a. It has doubled.
b. It has not changed.
c. It has halved.
Incorrect
d. It has quadrupled.

A circle has an area of 4.0 m . A second circle has double the radius of the first. The area of
2

the second circle is ____ times that of the first.

Select one:
a. 4.0
b. 8.0
c. 4.0
d. 1
e. 2.0

c. 24.5 in
d. 26.0 in

Correct
e. 28.0 in

Vectors , , and have magnitudes 8, 11, and 21. When these vectors
are added, what is the least possible magnitude of their resultant?

Select one:
a. 2
b. 13
c. 40
Incorrect
d. 23
e. 1
Question 2
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A 50-g ball traveling at 27.0 m/s is bounced off a brick wall and rebounds at 21.0 m/s. A
high-speed camera records this event. If the ball is in contact with the wall for 3.00 ms,
what is the average acceleration of the ball during this time interval?

Select one:
a. 16,000 m/s 2

Correct
b. 32,000 m/s 2

c. 8,000 m/s 2

d. 16 m/s 2

e. 48 m/s 2

Question 3
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4.2 Projectile Motion

A ball is launched from ground level at 30 m/s at an angle of 25° above the horizontal. How far
does it go before it is at ground level again?

Select one:
a. 70 m
Correct
b. 14 m
c. 86 m
d. 43 m
Question 4
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1.4 Physical Quantities and Units of Measure

A cement truck can pour 40 cubic yards of cement per hour. Express this
in ft /min. Select one:
3

a. 2.0 ft /min 3

b. 18 ft /min
3

Correct
c. 6 ft /min
3

d. 2/3 ft /min 3

Question 5
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A speeding car traveling at a constant velocity of 24 m/s passes a police care initially at rest
beside the roadway. If the police car with constant acceleration of 3.0 m/s immediately
2

pursues the speeding car, how far down the road does it draw even with the speeding car?
Select one:
a. 190 m
b. 290 m
c. 380 m

Correct
d. 770 m
Question 6
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A string is attached to the ceiling. At the bottom of the string a rope of the same length as the
string is attached. In the rope-string system, which of the following is the position of greatest
tension? Assume the rope has more mass per unit length than the string.

Select one:
a. at the bottom of the string where it is attached to the rope
b. at the top of the string

Correct
c. at the top of the rope where it is attached to the string
d. at the bottom of the rope
Question 7
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An object is dropped from a height. Once it is moving, which of the following statements is true,
at least at one point?

Select one:
a. Its velocity is never equal to its acceleration.

Correct
b. Its velocity is the same as its acceleration.
c. Its velocity is less than its acceleration.
d. Its velocity is more than its acceleration.
Question 8
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A block is launched up an incline plane. After going up the plane, it slides back down to its
starting position. The coefficient of friction between the block and the plane is 0.3. The time
for the trip up the plane:

Select one:
a. is more than the time for the trip down.
b. is the same as the time for the trip down.
c. is less than the time for the trip down.

Correct
d. cannot be found without knowing the angle of inclination.
Question 9
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4.2 Projectile Motion
A fireman, 40.0 m away from a burning building, directs a stream of water from a fire hose at an
angle of 30.0° above the horizontal. If the initial speed of the stream is 40.0 m/s, at what height
above the nozzle will the stream of water strike the building?

Select one:
a. 9.60 m
b. 18.7 m
c. 22.4 m
d. 16.6 m
Correct
Question 10
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2.2 What is Motion?

A car is initially moving at 30 m/s east and a little while later it is moving at 10 m/s north.
Which of the following best describes the orientation of the average acceleration during this
time interval?

Select one:
a. northwest
b. north of west

Correct
c. west
d. north of east
Question 11
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Five boys are pushing on a snowball, and each is pushing with a force of 10.0 N. However,
each boy is pushing in a different direction. They are pushing north, northeast, east, southeast,
and south. (Each boy is pushing at an angle of 45.0° relative to his neighbor.) What is the
magnitude of the total force on the ball?

Select one:
a. 11.4 N
b. 48.3 N
c. 14 N
d. 0
e. 24.1 N

Correct
Question 12
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A 250-N sled is pulled up a 23° slope at a constant speed by a force of 200 N. What is the
coefficient of kinetic friction between sled and slope?

Select one:
a. 2.16
b. 1.75
c. 0.51
d. 0.22
e. 0.74

Correct
Question 13
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When NASA was communicating with astronauts on the moon, the time from sending on the
Earth to receiving on the moon was 1.28 s. Find the distance from Earth to the moon. (The
speed of radio waves is 3.00 × 10 m/s.)
8

Select one:
a. 480 000 km
b. 768 000 km
c. 240 000 km
d. 384 000 km

Correct
Question 14
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A track star in the broad jump goes into the jump at 12 m/s and launches himself at 20°
above the horizontal. How long is he in the air before returning to Earth? (g = 9.8 m/s )
2

Select one:
a. 0.42 s
b. 0.89 s
c. 0.84 s

Correct
d. 1.68 s
e. 2.3 s
Question 15
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A projectile is launched at an angle θ above the horizontal. Three seconds later the projectile is
moving the same angle θ below the horizontal.Which of the following (actual values with units,
not just algebraic symbols) can be found from the information given?

Select one:
a. the initial horizontal component of the projectile's velocity
b. the initial magnitude of the velocity
c. None of the above since at least one of the above must be given to find the other
two values. d. the initial vertical component of the projectile's velocity

Correct
Question 16
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A particle moves east at constant velocity for a time interval ΔT. It then moves north at
a constant velocity, with the same speed as before, for another time interval ΔT. Finally it
moves east again with the original velocity. At the instant an additional time interval ΔT has
elapsed, which of the following are true about the average velocity and the average
acceleration for the motion described?

Select one:

a. The average velocity is and the average acceleration is not zero.

b. The average velocity is not and the average acceleration is zero.

Correct

c. The average velocity is and the average acceleration is zero.

d. The average velocity is not and the average acceleration is not zero.
Question 17
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4.1 Statics
A 500-N tightrope walker stands at the center of the rope such that each half of the rope
makes an angle of 15.0° with the horizontal. What is the tension in the rope?

Select one:
a. 2900 N
b. 1440 N
c. 480 N
d. 970 N

Correct
Question 18
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4.1 Statics

The coefficient of static friction between the tires of a car and the street is µ = 0.58. Of the
s

following, what is the steepest inclination angle of a street on which a car can be parked
(with wheels locked) without slipping?
Select one:
a. 22.5°
b. 38°
c. 45°
d. 30°

Correct
Question 19
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Question text
4.4 Further Applications of Newton's Laws

A 9.0-kg hanging weight is connected by a string over a pulley to a 5.0-kg block sliding on a flat
table. If the coefficient of sliding friction is 0.10, find the tension in the string.

Select one:
a. 35 N

Correct
b. 19 N
c. 24 N
d. 38 N
Question 20
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A train slowly climbs a 450-m mountain track which is at an angle of 10.0° with respect to the
horizontal. How much altitude does it gain?

Select one:
a. 225.0 m
b. 78.1 m

Correct
c. 450 m
d. 443.2 m
e. 83.1 m
A boat travels upstream and after one hour has gone 10 km. The boat next travels
downstream and after one hour has gone 18 km. If the boat's speed relative to the water is
constant, what is the speed of the current in the river?

Select one:
a. 4 km/h

Correct
b. 7 km/h
c. 6 km/h
d. 3 km/h
e. 5 km/h
Question 2
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A sled weighs 200 N. It is held in place on a frictionless 25° slope by a rope attached to a stake
at the top; the rope is parallel to the slope. Find the tension in the rope.
Select one:
a. 93 N
b. 221 N
c. 181 N
d. 85 N

Correct
e. 473 N
Question 3
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Question text
2.2 What is Motion?

The slope of the acceleration-time curve represents:

Select one:
a. the velocity.
b. the area under the position vs. time curve.
c. the rate of change of acceleration.

Correct
d. the rate of change of displacement.
Question 4
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1.4 Physical Quantities and Units of Measure

The current standard definition for the second has been based on which of the
following? Select one:
a. characteristic frequency of the light from cesium atoms

Correct
b. Greenwich Civil Time
c. sidereal day
d. average solar day
Question 5
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Question text
Jeff throws a ball straight up. For which situation is the vertical velocity
zero? Select one:
a. on the way back down
b. no correct answer
c. at the top

Correct
d. on the way up
Question 6
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3.3 Adding Friction to the Mix

A horizontal force of 750 N is needed to overcome the force of static friction between a level
floor and a 250-kg crate. What is the acceleration of the crate if the 750-N force is maintained
after the crate begins to move and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.16?
Select one:
a. 1.8 m/s 2

b. 3.0 m/s 2

c. 2.1 m/s 2

d. 1.4 m/s 2

Correct
Question 7
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A baseball is thrown by the center fielder (from shoulder level) to home plate where it is
caught (on the fly at shoulder level) by the catcher. At what point does the magnitude of the
vertical component of velocity have its minimum value? (air resistance is negligible)
Select one:
a. just before arriving at the catcher's mitt
b. just after leaving the center fielder's hand
c. at the top of the trajectory

Correct
d. magnitude of vertical component of velocity is constant
Question 8
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4.1 Statics

A 500-N tightrope walker stands at the center of the rope. If the rope can withstand a tension
of 1400 N without breaking, what is the minimum angle the rope can make with the
horizontal?
Select one:
a. 8°
b. 10°

Correct
c. 4°
d. 15°
Question 9
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Question text
Modern electroplaters can cover a surface area of 60.0 m with one troy ounce of gold
2

(volume = 1.611 cm ). What is the thickness of the electroplated gold?

3

Select one:
a. 1.35 × 10 m −9

b. 2.69 × 10 m −8

Correct
c. None of the above
d. 5.38 × 10 m −7

e. 1.79 × 10 m −6

Question 10
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4.4 Further Applications of Newton's Laws

A 2000-kg sailboat experiences an eastward force of 2000 N by the ocean tide and a wind force
against its sails with magnitude of 6000 N directed toward the northwest (45° N of W). What is
the magnitude of the resultant acceleration?
Select one:
a. 2.4 m/s 2

Correct
b. 1.5 m/s 2

c. 2.2 m/s 2

d. 3.0 m/s 2

Question 11
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2.2 What is Motion?

A bird, accelerating from rest at a constant rate, experiences a displacement of 37 m in 11 s.

What is the final velocity after 11 s?
Select one:
a. 5.1 m/s
b. 6.7 m/s

Correct
c. 13 m/s
d. zero
Question 12
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A ball is rolled horizontally off a table with an initial speed of 0.21 m/s. A stopwatch measures
the ball's trajectory time from table to the floor to be 0.3 s. What is the height of the table? (g
= 9.8 m/s and air resistance is negligible)
2

Select one:
a. 0.5 m
b. 0.38 m
c. 0.44 m

Correct
d. 0.45 m
e. 0.01 m
Question 13
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The length and width of a standard sheet of paper is measured, and then the area is found by
calculation to be 91.50 in . The number of significant figures in the width measurement must be
2

at least:
Select one:
a. 4.
b. 2.
c. 5
d. 1.
e. 3.

Correct
Question 14
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A 200-N block, on a 40° incline, is being held motionless by friction. The coefficient of static
friction between the block and the plane is 0.89. The force due to friction is:
Select one:
a. 129 N.
b. 200 N.

Incorrect
c. 0 N.
d. 153 N.
e. 164 N.
Question 15
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1.3 Dealing with Numbers

Which one of the choices below represents the preferred practice regarding significant
figures when adding the following: 12.4 + 14 + 67.37 + 4.201?
Select one:
a. 97.97
b. 97.971
c. 98

Correct
d. 98.0
Question 16
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3.4 Free Fall

A rock is thrown straight down with an initial velocity of 17.5 m/s from a cliff. What is the
rock's displacement after 2.0 s? (Acceleration due to gravity is 9.80 m/s .)2

Select one:
a. 64 m
b. 49 m
c. 28 m
d. 55 m

Correct
Question 17
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A stone is thrown with an initial speed of 12.1 m/s at an angle of 58° above the horizontal from
the top of a 36 m building. If g = 9.8 m/s and air resistance is negligible, then what is the
2

magnitude of the horizontal component of velocity as the rock strikes the ground?

Select one:
a. 15 m/s
b. 5 m/s
c. 28 m/s
d. 19 m/s

Incorrect
e. 6 m/s
Question 18
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How many significant figures does the number 3 600 have?

Select one:
a. 4
b. 2
c. 1
d. 3
e. One cannot tell with certainty when the number is written in the given form, but it will be
one of the other given answers.
Correct
Question 19
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It is late and Carlos is sliding down a rope from his third floor window to meet his friend Juan.
As he slides down the rope faster and faster, he becomes frightened and grabs harder on the
rope, increasing the tension in the rope. As soon as the upward tension in the rope becomes
equal to his weight:
Select one:
a. Carlos will slow down.
b. the rope must break.
c. Carlos will stop.
d. Carlos will continue down at a constant velocity.

Correct
Question 20
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A projectile is fired at an angle of elevation of 60°. Neglecting air resistance, what are possible
angles in flight between the acceleration vector and the velocity vector?

Select one:
a. none of the above
b. 160° and 40°
c. 10° and 60°
d. 90° and 60°

Correct
e. 20° and 70°

A 17.0-kg block rests on a level frictionless surface and is attached by a light string to a 7.0-kg
hanging mass where the string passes over a massless frictionless pulley. If g = 9.8 m/s , what
2

is the tension in the connecting string?

Select one:
a. 3 N
b. 235 N
c. 49 N

Correct
d. 24 N
e. 117 N
Question 2
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3.7 Parachutes, Air Drag, and Terminal Velocity

A cue ball of weight W is falling with acceleration g/2 downward and speed v. What
would be the terminal velocity of this ball as it continues to fall?
Select one:
a. 2v
b. v

c. v

Correct
d. v /2
Question 3
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The highest mountain on Mars is Olympus Mons, rising 22 000 meters above the Martian
surface. If we were to throw an object horizontally off the mountain top, how long would it take
to reach the surface? (Ignore atmospheric drag forces and use g = 3.72 m/s .)
Mars 2

Select one:
a. 3.0 minutes
b. 2.4 minutes
c. 0.79 minute
d. 1.8 minutes

Correct
Question 4
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A cart is given an initial velocity of 5.0 m/s and experiences a constant acceleration of 1.7 m/s
. What is the magnitude of the cart's displacement during the first 5.0 s of its motion?
2

Select one:
a. 14 m
b. 68 m
c. 46 m

Correct
d. 26 m
e. 9 m
Question 5
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A 20-kg traffic light hangs midway on a cable between two poles 40 meters apart. If the sag in
the cable is 0.40 meters, what is the tension in each side of the cable?
Select one:
a. 500 N
b. 100 N
c. 4,900 N

Correct
d. 19,600 N
e. 9,800 N
Question 6
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Suppose a particle is moving along a straight line with a speed v for a time t, then stops for a
time t, and then resumes moving along the original direction with speed v for time t. What has
been the average speed of the particle for the total time period 3t?
Select one:

a.
b. 1.5v

c. 2v/3

Correct
d. v
Question 7
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1.3 Dealing with Numbers
Multiplying a 4 significant figure number by a 3 significant figure number and then dividing the
product by a six significant figure number yields a number with how many significant figures?

Select one:
a. 3

Correct
b. 13
c. 7/6
d. 2
Question 8
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4.3 A First Look at Reference Frames and Relative Velocity

A plane is moving due north, directly towards its destination. Its airspeed is 200 mph. A
constant breeze is blowing from west to east at 42 mph. In which direction is the plane
pointed?
Select one:
a. 12° W of N

Correct
b. 5.7° W of N
c. 11° E of N
d. 22° W of N
Question 9
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A hiker walks 200 m west and then walks 100 m north. In what direction is her resulting
displacement? Select one:
a. north
b. west
c. None of the answers is correct.

Correct
d. northwest
Question 10
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A high fountain of water is in the center of a circular pool of water. You walk the circumference
of the pool and measure it to be 170 meters. You then stand at the edge of the pool and use a
protractor to gauge the angle of elevation of the top of the fountain. It is 51°. How high is the
fountain?
Select one:
a. 23 m
b. 30 m
c. 33 m

Correct
d. 17 m
Question 11
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A block of mass 6.00 kg rests on a horizontal surface where the coefficient of kinetic friction
between the two is 0.400. A string attached to the block is pulled horizontally, resulting in a 3-
m/s acceleration by the block. Find the tension in the string. (g = 9.80 m/s )
2 2

Select one:
a. 6.00 N
b. -5.52 N
c. 18 N
d. 23.52 N
e. 41.52 N

Correct
Question 12
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Vectors , , and have magnitudes 6, 11, and 22. When these vectors are added,
what is the least possible magnitude of their addition?
Select one:
a. 5

Correct
b. 3
c. 15
d. 25
Question 13
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Since 1983 the standard meter has been defined in terms of which of the following?

Select one:
a. the distance light travels in a certain fraction of a second

Correct
b. wavelength of light emitted by krypton-86
c. specific alloy bar housed at Sevres, France
d. distance from the Earth's equator to the North Pole
e. None of the above
Question 14
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4.4 Further Applications of Newton's Laws

An Olympic skier moving at 22.0 m/s down a 30.0° slope encounters a region of wet snow, of
coefficient of friction µ = 0.740. How far down the slope does she go before stopping?
k

Select one:
a. 119 m
b. 175 m

Correct
c. 199 m
d. 145 m
Question 15
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The first displacement is 8 m, and the second displacement is 3 m. They cannot add
together to give a total displacement of:

Select one:
a. 4 m.

Correct
b. 7 m.
c. 8 m.
d. 6 m.
e. 5 m.
Question 16
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Two objects, A and B, are placed on an inclined plane that can be rotated to different angles of
elevation. A starts to slide at twice the angle of elevation that B starts sliding. The respective
coefficients for static friction for A and B are μ and μ . Choose the last answer that is correct.
A B

Select one:
a. μ > μ
B A

b. μ = 2 μ
B A

c. μ = 2 μ
A B

d. μ > μ
A B

Correct
Question 17
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A rock is rolled in the sand. It starts at 5.0 m/s, moves in a straight line for a distance of 6.0 m,
and then stops. What is the magnitude of the average acceleration?
Select one:
a. 2.1 m/s 2

Correct
b. 6.2 m/s 2

c. 5.4 m/s 2

d. 4.2 m/s 2

Question 18
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Which point is nearest the y axis?

Select one:
a. (5, −2)
b. (4, 5)
c. (−3, 4)

Correct
d. (−5, 3)
Question 19
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Question text
A 1,500-kg sailboat experiences an eastward force of 3,500 N by the ocean tide and a wind
force against its sails with magnitude of 6,000 N directed toward the northwest (45° N of W).
What is the magnitude of the resultant acceleration?

Select one:
a. 5.9 m/s 2

b. 1.7 m/s 2

c. 4.6 m/s 2

d. 2.9 m/s 2

Correct
e. 6.3 m/s 2

Question 20
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If point A is located at coordinates (2, −3) and point B is located at coordinates (−3, 9),
what is the distance from A to B if the units of the coordinated system are meters?
Select one:
a. 20 m
b. 10 m
c. 13 m

Correct
d. 17 m
A 55-N crate is pulled up a 4-m inclined plane by a worker at constant velocity. If the plane is
inclined at an angle of 37° to the horizontal and there exists a constant frictional force of 25 N
between the crate and the surface, what is the force applied by the worker?
Select one:
a. 232 N
b. 8 N
c. 58 N

Correct
d. zero
e. 33 N
Question 2
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The net force acting on a 4.0-kg object is given by F = (10 − x) N, where F is in newtons
x x

and x is in meters. How much work is done on the object as it moves from x = 0 to x = 12
m?

Select one:
a. 48 J

Correct
b. 24 J
c. 2 J
d. 12 J
e. 36 J
Question 3
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6.7 Power
Water flows over a section of Niagara Falls at a rate of 6.00 × 10 kg/s and falls 50.0 m. What is
5

the power dissipated by the waterfall?

Select one:
a. 294 MW

Correct
b. 147 MW
c. 588 MW
d. 60.0 MW
Question 4
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A 14.0-g bullet is fired into a 1,100-g block of wood which is suspended as a ballistic
pendulum. The combined mass swings up to a height of 8.50 cm. What was the kinetic
energy of the combined mass immediately after the collision?
Select one:
a. 0.928 J

Correct
b. 0.095 J
c. 0.916 J
d. 0.928 × 10 J
3

e. 0.012 J
Question 5
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5.1 Uniform Circular Motion
A ventilation fan has blades 0.50 m long rotating at 20 rpm. What is the centripetal acceleration
of a point on the outer tip of a blade?
Select one:
a. 1.1 m/s 2

b. 2.2 m/s 2

Correct
c. 3.3 m/s 2

d. 0.55 m/s 2

Question 6
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Three different mass projectiles are launched from the top of a building each at different angles
of elevation. Each particle has the same initial kinetic energy. Which particle has the greatest
speed just as it impacts with the ground?
Select one:
a. The one with the lowest mass.

Correct
b. The one with the highest mass.
c. The one launched at the highest angle of elevation.
d. They all will have the same speed on impact.
Question 7
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A Hooke's law spring is mounted horizontally over a frictionless surface. The spring is then
compressed a distance d and is used to launch a mass m along the frictionless surface. What
compression of the spring would result in the mass attaining double the kinetic energy received
in the above situation?
Select one:
a. 1.41 d

Correct
b. 4.00 d
c. 2.00 d
d. 1.73 d
Question 8
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6.1 Force, Displacement, and Work

I use a rope 1.00-m-long to swing a 1.00-kg weight around my head. The tension in the rope is
20.0 N. In half a revolution how much work is done by the rope on the weight?
Select one:
a. 20.0 J
b. 123 J
c. 0

Correct
d. 31.4 J
Question 9
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A horizontal force of 88 N is applied to move a 50-kg cart across a 10.0-m level surface.
What work is done by the 88-N force?
Select one:
a. 17.6 J
b. 44000 J
c. 880 J

Correct
d. 440 J
e. 0.18 J
Question 10
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If the momentum of an object is tripled, its kinetic energy will change by what
factor? Select one:
a. three
b. one-third
c. zero
d. nine

Correct
Finish review
5.2 Examples of Circular Motion

A cylindrical space colony 13 km in diameter and 30 km long has been proposed as living
quarters for future space explorers. Such a habitat would have cities, land, and lakes on the
inside surface and air and clouds in the center. All this would be held in place by the rotation of
the cylinder about the long axis. How fast would such a cylinder have to rotate at its perimeter
to produce a 1-g gravitational field at the walls of the cylinder?
Select one:
a. 800 m rad/s
b. 200 m/s
c. 650 m rad/s
d. 250 m/s

Correct
Question 2
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If the mass of Venus is 0.786 times that of Earth, and its radius is 0.950 that of Earth,
estimate the gravitational acceleration g at the surface of Venus. (g = 9.80 m/s )
earth 2

Select one:
a. 3.73 m/s 2

b. 8.53 m/s 2

Correct
c. 8.27 m/s 2

d. 7.31 m/s 2

Question 3
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A satellite is in a circular orbit about the Earth at a distance of one Earth radius above the
surface. What is the speed of the satellite? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4 × 10 m, and G = 6.67
6

× 10 N⋅m /kg .)
−11 2 2

Select one:
a. 4 200 m/s
b. 5 600 m/s

Correct
c. 16 800 m/s
d. 2 800 m/s
Question 4
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A 12.00-kg bowling ball falls from a 2.00-m shelf. Just before hitting the floor, what will be its
kinetic energy? (g = 9.80 m/s and assume air resistance is negligible)
2

Select one:
a. 24 J
b. 2 J
c. 24 J
d. 240 J
e. 235 J

Correct
Question 5
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Alex throws a 0.43-kg rubber ball down onto the floor. The ball's speed just before impact is 6.5
m/s, and just after is 5.5 m/s. What is the magnitude of the change in the ball's momentum?

Select one:
a. 1.0 kg m/s
b. 4.3 kg m/s
c. 5.2 kg m/s

Correct
d. 0.09 kg m/s
Question 6
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Calculate the linear speed due to the Earth's rotation for a person at a point on its surface
located at 40° N latitude. The radius of the Earth is 6.40 × 10 m.
6

Select one:
a. 465 m/s
b. 357 m/s

Correct
c. 390 m/s
d. 299 m/s
Question 7
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4.1 Statics

A 200-N crate rests on a ramp; the maximum angle just before it slips is 21° with the
horizontal. What is the coefficient of static friction between crate and ramp surfaces?
Select one:
a. 0.47
b. 0.21
c. 0.38

Correct
d. 0.11
Question 8
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By how much is the energy stored in a Hooke's law spring increased when its stretch is
increased from 8.00 cm to 15.00 cm?

Select one:
a. The correct answer is not given.
b. 352%
c. 252%

Correct
d. 152%
e. 52%
Question 9
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A 85-kg halfback running north with a speed of 10 m/s is tackled by a 110-kg opponent running
south at 4 m/s. The collision is perfectly inelastic. Compute the velocity of the two players just
after the tackle.
Select one:
a. 6.6 m/s south
b. 2.1 m/s south
c. 6.6 m/s north
d. 16.4 m/s north
e. 2.1 m/s north

Correct
Question 10
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A trapeze artist, with swing, weighs 900 N; he is momentarily held to one side by his partner
so that the swing ropes make an angle of 40° with the vertical. In such a condition of static
equilibrium, what is the horizontal force being applied by the partner?

Select one:
a. 358 N
b. 450N
c. 579 N
d. 755 N

Correct
e. 636 N
Question 11
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A Hooke's law spring is mounted horizontally over a frictionless surface. The spring is then
compressed a distance d and is used to launch a mass m along the frictionless surface. What
compression of the spring would result in the mass attaining double the speed received in the
above situation?
Select one:
a. 2.00 d
b. 4.00 d
c. 1.73 d
d. 1.41 d

Incorrect
Question 12
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A 100-kg crate is placed on an adjustable inclined plane. As one end of the incline is raised,
the crate begins to move downward. If the crate slides down the plane with an acceleration of
0.60 m/s when the incline angle is 25°, what is the coefficient of kinetic friction between ramp
2

and crate? (g = 9.8 m/s )

2

Select one:
a. 0.3
b. 0.6
c. 0.4

Correct
d. 0.5
e. 3.54
Question 13
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A 9.0-kg hanging weight is connected by a string over a pulley to a 5.0-kg block sliding on a flat
table. If the coefficient of sliding friction is 0.20, find the tension in the string.

Select one:
a. 19 N
b. 38 N

Correct
c. 32 N
d. 24 N
Question 14
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Question text
A baseball infielder, mass 78.0 kg, jumps up with velocity 4.0 m/s and catches a 0.200-kg
baseball moving horizontally at 50.0 m/s. Of the following, which is closest to the final
momentum of the system, infielder and baseball?

Select one:
a. 322 kg⋅m/s
b. 312 kg⋅m/s

Correct
c. 302 kg⋅m/s
d. 332 kg⋅m/s
e. 322 kg⋅m/s
Question 15
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A Hooke's law spring is mounted horizontally over a frictionless surface. The spring is then
compressed a distance d and is used to launch a mass m along the frictionless surface. What
compression of the spring would result in the mass attaining double the kinetic energy received
in the above situation?
Select one:
a. 1.73 d
b. 2.00 d
c. 4.00 d
d. 1.41 d

Correct
Question 16
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In 1908 there was a huge explosion referred to as the Tunguska event which occurred in
Siberia. Apparently this was caused by a very large meteorite, a small asteroid, or a comet
colliding with the Earth. If the energy released, estimated at 5 × 10 J, were from the kinetic
16

energy of the object, what would have been its approximate mass if its speed had been 10 4

m/s?
Select one:
a. 10 kg
14

b. 10 kg
12

c. 10 kg
6

d. 10 kg
9

Correct
Question 17
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Popeye, of mass 70 kg, has just downed a can of spinach. He accelerates quickly and stops
Bluto, of mass 700 kg (Bluto is very dense), who is charging in at 5.0 m/s. What was Popeye's
remarkable speed?
Select one:
a. 50 m/s

Correct
b. 100 m/s
c. 10 m/s
d. 31 m/s
Question 18
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Question text
A hill is 50 m long and makes an angle of 12° with the horizontal. As a 50-kg jogger runs up the
hill, how much work does gravity do on the jogger?
Select one:
a. 23,965 J
b. zero
c. 24,500 J
d. −5,094 J
Correct
e. 5,094 J
Question 19
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Which of the following is that form of energy associated with an object's
motion? Select one:
a. kinetic

Correct
b. thermal
c. bio-chemical
d. potential
Question 20
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6.4 More Potential Energy Functions
A 2000-kg ore car rolls 50.0 m down a frictionless 10.0° incline. If there is a horizontal spring at
the end of the incline, what spring constant is required to stop the ore car in a distance of 2.00
m?
Select one:
a. 1700 kN/m
b. 68.1 kN/m
c. 340 kN/m
d. 85.1 kN/m
Correct
Finish review

You are facing east looking at the clock on the wall. You see the second hand moving
clockwise (of course). In what direction is the angular velocity vector for this second
hand?
Select one:
a. north or south, but not east or west
b. east

Correct
c. For half the rotation it is east, and for the other half of the rotation it is west.
d. west
Question 2
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A 70.0-kg (including the passenger) sled is subject to a net force of 30.0 N pushing in the
direction of the sled's motion as it is moving over a horizontal surface for a distance of 12.0 m
after having started from rest. At this point the sled is released as it starts down a 10.0° incline.
However, the snow is not very deep, and the sled stops after having moved an additional 45.0
m. What is the work done by friction while the sled is on the incline?
Select one:
a. -5469.92 J
b. -5109.92 J
c. -31381.44 J
d. -5829.92 J

Correct
e. -30661.44 J
Question 3
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The Earth's orbit is closest to the Sun in January and farthest from the Sun in July. When is
the Earth moving the fastest in orbit?
Select one:
a. Neither January nor July since the orbital speed of the Earth is a constant.
b. January

Correct
c. This occurs twice a year, in April and in October.
d. July
Question 4
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In a problem using energy considerations to solve for the speed of a ball thrown from the top of
a building when it strikes the ground below, where should the potential energy have its zero
value?

Select one:
a. It doesn't matter since only differences in potential energy matter in solutions.

Correct
b. It should be at the level from where the ball is thrown.
c. It should be slightly below ground level so the potential energy is always
positive. d. It should be at the ground level where the ball hits.
Question 5
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Hector drives a pickup truck horizontally at 10.0 m/s. He is transporting a crate of delicate lead
crystal. If the coefficient of static friction between the crate and the truck bed is 0.600, what is
the minimum stopping distance for the truck so the crate will not slide?
Select one:
a. 100.0 m
b. 8.5 m

Correct
c. 18.5 m
d. 4.3 m
e. 12.0 m
Question 6
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A horizontal force of 88 N is applied to move a 50-kg cart across a 10.0-m level surface.
What work is done by the 88-N force?
Select one:
a. 440 J
b. 880 J

Correct
c. 44000 J
d. 0.18 J
e. 17.6 J
Question 7
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5.3 Newton's Law of Gravitation

An Earth satellite is orbiting at a distance from the Earth's surface equal to two Earth
radii. At this location, the acceleration due to gravity is what factor times the value of g at
the Earth's surface?
Select one:
a. There is no acceleration since the satellite is in orbit.
b. The answer is not given.
c. 1/9

Correct
d. 1/4
Question 8
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6.3 Potential Energy

A simple pendulum, 2.00 m in length, is released from rest when the support string is at an
angle of 35.0° from the vertical. What is the speed of the suspended mass at the bottom of the
swing? (g = 9.80 m/s and ignore air resistance)
2

Select one:
a. 0.941 m/s
b. 2.66 m/s

Correct
c. 1.88 m/s
d. 1.33 m/s
Question 9
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A grindstone spinning at the rate of 8.3 rev/s has what approximate
angular speed? Select one:
a. 3.2 rad/s
b. 26 rad/s
c. 81 rad/s
d. 52 rad/s

Correct
Question 10
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A 14.0-g bullet is fired into a 1,100-g block of wood which is suspended as a ballistic
pendulum. The combined mass swings up to a height of 8.50 cm. What was the kinetic
energy of the combined mass immediately after the collision?

Select one:
a. 0.012 J
b. 0.928 × 10 J
3

c. 0.928 J

Correct
d. 0.916 J
e. 0.095 J
Question 11
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The kinetic energy of an object is quadrupled. Its momentum will change by what
factor? Select one:
a. four
b. two

Correct
c. zero
d. eight
Question 12
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5.1 Uniform Circular Motion

A 0.40-kg mass, attached to the end of a 0.75-m string, is whirled around in a circular
horizontal path. If the maximum tension that the string can withstand is 400 N, then what
maximum speed can the mass have if the string is not to break?
Select one:
a. 27 m/s

Correct
b. 29 m/s
c. 370 m/s
d. 19 m/s
Question 13
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5.3 Newton's Law of Gravitation

An object of mass 0.50 kg is transported to the surface of Planet X where the object's weight is
measured to be 10 N. The radius of the planet is 4.0 × 10 m. What is the mass of Planet X? (G
6

= 6.67 × 10 N × m /kg )
−11 2 2

Select one:
a. 9.6 × 10 kg 24

b. 4.8 × 10 kg 24

Correct
c. 17 × 10 kg
22

d. 13 × 10 kg
19

Question 14
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A Hooke's law spring is compressed 15.0 cm from equilibrium and the potential energy stored
is 72.0 J. What is the spring constant in this case?
Select one:
a. No answer is correct.
b. 64 N/m
c. 1 N/m
d. 3200 N/m
e. 6400 N/m
Correct
Question 15
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5.2 Examples of Circular Motion

A roller coaster, loaded with passengers, has a mass of 3000 kg; the radius of curvature of the
track at the bottom point of the dip is 24 m. If the vehicle has a speed of 18 m/s at this point,
what force is exerted on the vehicle by the track? (g = 9.8 m/s )
2

Select one:
a. 4.7 × 10 N
4

b. 7.0 × 10 N
4

Correct
c. 1.0 × 10 N
4

d. 2.3 × 10 N
4

Question 16
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Mitch throws a 100-g lump of clay at a 200-g target, which is at rest on a horizontal surface.
After impact, the target, including the attached clay, slides 2.1 m before stopping. If the
coefficient of friction is µ = 0.50, find the speed of the clay before impact.
Select one:
a. 36 m/s
b. 14 m/s
Correct
c. 4.5 m/s
d. 27 m/s
Question 17
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An asteroid has a perihelion (the orbit's closest approach to the sun) of 1.5 AU and a period of
revolution of 8.0 y. What is its greatest distance from the sun (its aphelion)?
Select one:
a. 2.5 AU
b. 4.0 AU
c. 8.0 AU
d. 6.5 AU

Correct
Question 18
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A horizontal force of 900 N is needed to overcome the force of static friction between a level
floor and a 100-kg crate. If g = 9.8 m/s , what is the coefficient of static friction?
2

Select one:
a. 1.09
b. 9
c. 91.84
d. 9.18
e. 0.92
Correct
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An amount of work equal to 2.5 J is required to compress the spring in a spring-gun. What is
the "launch speed" of a 25-g marble?
Select one:
a. 10 m/s
b. 14 m/s

Correct
c. 15 m/s
d. 0.45 m/s
e. 4 m/s
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The end of the cutting cord on a gas-powered weed cutter is 0.15 m in length. If the motor
rotates at the rate of 20 rev/s, what is the tangential speed of the end of the cord?
Select one:
a. 628 m/s
b. 63 m/s
c. 19 m/s
Correct
d. 25 m/s
Finish review
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The position of a 0.63-kg mass undergoing simple harmonic motion is given by x = (0.160
m) cos (πt/16). What is the maximum net force on the mass as it oscillates?

Select one:
a. 3.9 × 10 N −3

b. 24.3 × 10 N −3

c. 2 × 10 N
−3

d. 19.8 N
e. 6.2 × 10 N −3

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14.6 Heat Conduction

The inside of a house is at 20°C on an early morning when the temperature outside is
15°C. The next morning the inside temperature is the same, but the outside temperature is
now 5°C. How much does the energy per unit time lost by conduction through the walls,
windows, doors, etc., change for the house from the first morning to the second one.

Select one:
a. Since the inside temperature stays the same, the loss is the same
both days.
b. The loss reduces to 1/3.
 c. The loss increases by 5/278 since we need to use the Kelvin scale for this
calculation.
d. The loss triples.
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If one could transport a simple pendulum of constant length from the Earth's surface to the
Moon's, where the acceleration due to gravity is one-sixth (1/6) that on the Earth, by what
factor would the pendulum frequency be changed?

Select one:
a. about 2.5
b. about 0.41
c. about 6.0
d. about 0.17
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A pendulum on the Earth has a period T. The acceleration of due to gravity on Mars is
less than that on the Earth, and the acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is even less.
Where would the period of an identical pendulum be the least?

Select one:
a. on Mars
b. The period of a pendulum would be the same on the Earth, Moon, and Mars since the
period depends on the pendulum's length which is the same for identical pendula.
c. on the Earth
d. on the Moon
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Quadrupling the tension in a guitar string will change its natural frequency by what factor?

Select one:
a. 16
b. 2.0
c. 1
d. 1.4
e. 4
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13.1 Sound Is a Longitudinal Wave

The density of a certain solid is 7.2 × 10 kg/m , and its Young's modulus is 8.0 × 10 N/m .
3 3 10 2

What is the speed of sound in this material?

Select one:
a. 3700 m/s
b. 5900 m/s
c. 3300 m/s
d. 1.1 × 10 m/s
7

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If a guitar string has a fundamental frequency of 531 Hz, what is the frequency of its third
overtone?

Select one:
a. 708 Hz
b. 2,124 Hz
c. 531 Hz
d. 1,593 Hz
e. 177 Hz
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A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.2 Hz and an

amplitude of 8.4 cm. If a timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence x =
8.4 cm when t = 0), what is the displacement of the mass when t = 3.3 s?
Select one:
a. -0.064 m
b. zero
c. 0.107 m
d. 0.054 m
e. -0.101 m
Clear my choice

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Which of the following ranges corresponds to the shortest wavelengths?

Select one:
a. ultrasonic
b. All have the same wavelengths.
c. audible
d. infrasonic
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14.6 Heat Conduction

A silver bar of length 30 cm and cross-sectional area 2.0 cm is used to transfer heat from a
2

100°C reservoir to a 0°C block of ice. How much ice is melted per second? (For silver, k =
427 W / m · °C. For ice, L = 334,000 J/kg.)
f

Select one:
a. 0.80 g/s
b. 0.085 g/s
c. 4.2 g/s
d. 0.043 g/s
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What is the change in entropy (ΔS) when one mole of silver (108 g) is completely melted at
966°C? (The heat of fusion of silver is 8.82 × 10 J/kg.)
4

Select one:
a. 9.86 J/K
b. 3.84 J/K
c. 7.69 J/K
d. 15.38 J/K
e. 5.69 J/K
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A mass-spring system on a horizontal frictionless surface is set in simple harmonic motion

with amplitude A. The mass is then doubled and the system is again set into simple
harmonic motion with the same amplitude. Which of the following is true about the total
mechanical energy of the system due to doubling the mass?

Select one:
a. It has doubled.
b. It has not changed.
c. It has halved.
d. It has quadrupled.
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 Question text

14.4 Phases of Matter and Phase Changes

A 0.0030-kg lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 300 m/s when it embeds in a block of ice at
0°C. If all the heat generated goes into melting ice, what quantity of ice is melted? (L = 80
f

kcal/kg, the specific heat of lead = 0.03 kcal/kg·°C, and 1 kcal = 4186 J)

Select one:
a. 4.0 × 10 kg
−4

b. 1.47 × 10 kg −2

c. 3.2 × 10 kg
−3

d. 2.6 × 10 kg
−4

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The volume of an ideal gas changes from 0.35 to 0.56 m although its pressure remains
3

constant at 56,000 Pa. What work is done on the system by its environment?

Select one:
a. -31,360 J
b. -19,600 J
c. 19,600 J
d. -11,760 J
e. 11,760 J
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 A car with bad shocks bounces up and down with a period of 1.78 s after hitting a bump.
The car has a mass of 1,400 kg and is supported by four springs of force constant k.
What is k for each spring?

Select one:
a. 1,235 N/m
b. 1,090 N/m
c. 2,181 N/m
d. 4,361 N/m
e. 658 N/m
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Which of the following ranges corresponds to the longest wavelengths?

Select one:
a. infrasonic
b. ultrasonic
c. all have the same wavelengths
d. audible
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12.6 Reflection
 A radar pulse is bounced off the Moon at a distance of 400,000 km. What is the time from
the transmitting of the pulse until its return?

Select one:
a. 3.84 s
b. 2.56 s
c. 1.28 s
d. 2.67 s
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In typical calorimetry problems, what is the usual conservation law being used?

Select one:
a. energy
b. temperature
c. None since nothing is being conserved.
d. heat
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A 4-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 24
J of work on its environment. What is its change in internal energy?

Select one:
a. +24 J
b. −6 J
c. +6 J
d. −24 J
e. zero
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In which system is heat usually transferred from the cooler part to the warmer part?

Select one:
a. an electric fan that is running
b. a stove as it heats up water
c. none of the above, because it is impossible to transfer heat in this manner d. a refrigerator
that is running

Pagsaligan

Legend says that Archimedes, in determining whether or not the king's crown was made of
pure gold, measured its volume by the water displacement method. If the density of gold is
19.3 g/cm3, and the crown's mass is 610 g, what volume would be necessary to prove that it
is pure gold?
Select one:

a. 32.6 × 103 cm3

b. 30.6 × 10−2 cm3

c. 0.03 × 103 cm3

d. 11 773 cm3

e. 31.6 cm3 Correct

Consider two steel rods, A and B. B has three times the area and twice the length of A,
so Young's modulus for B will be what factor times Young's modulus for A?
Select one:

a. 3.0

b. 1.5

c. 0.5

d. 1.0 Correct

A fluid has a density of 1 040 kg/m3. If it rises to a height of 1.8 cm in a 2.0-mm diameter
capillary tube, what is the surface tension of the liquid? Assume a contact angle of zero.
Select one:

a. 9.173 N/m

b. 0.183 N/m

c. 18.346 N/m

d. 0.092 N/m Correct

e. 0.367 N/m
Four identical springs each have the same spring constant k. If these four springs are attached
end to end forming a spring four times the length of one of the original springs, what will be the
spring constant of the combination?
Select one:

a. 4k

b. k

c. 1.41k

d. k/4 Correct

The flow rate of blood through the average human aorta, of radius 1.0 cm, is about 90 cm3/s.
What is the speed of the blood flow through the aorta?
Select one:

a. 14 cm/s

b. 37 cm/s

c. 32 cm/s

d. 29 cm/s Correct
A ventilation fan has blades 0.25 m in radius rotating at 30 rpm. What is the tangential speed
of each blade tip?
Select one:

a. 0.79 m/s Correct

b. 0.52 m/s

c. 0.02 m/s

d. 20 m/s

A hoop, solid sphere, and solid cylinder each have the same mass and same radius. When
rolling down the same incline, which has the greatest torque from gravity on it?
Select one:

a. the hoop

b. the cylinder
c. They all have the same torque. Correct

d. the sphere

An 70-kg man is one fourth of the way up a 10-m ladder that is resting against a smooth,
frictionless wall. If the ladder has a mass of 30 kg and it makes an angle of 60° with the ground,
find the force of friction of the ground on the foot of the ladder.
Select one:

a. 2.8 × 10² N

b. 4.9 × 10³ N

c. 3.2 × 10² N

d. 1.8 × 10² N Correct

e. 1.4 × 10¹ N

The motion of a piston in an automobile engine is nearly simple harmonic. If the 1-kg piston
travels back and forth over a distance of 12.0 cm, what is its maximum speed when the engine
is running at 3000 rpm?
Select one:

a. 4.71 m/s

b. 44.0m/s

c. 22.0 m/s Correct

d. 9.42 m/s

A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right angles to
make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.90 m long and each ball on the end is 0.20 kg.
(Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of inertia if the arrangement is spun
around an axis through the center perpendicular to both rods?
Select one:

a. 0.064 kg·m2

b. 0.096 kg·m2

c. 0.075 kg·m2

d. 0.16 kg·m2 Correct

The bulk modulus of a material, as a meaningful physical property, is applicable to
which of the following?
Select one:

a. solids, liquids and gases Correct

b. only liquids

c. only gases

d. only solids

A ping-pong ball has an average density of 0.0840 g/cm3 and a diameter of 3.80 cm. What
force would be required to keep the ball completely submerged under water?
Select one:

a. 0.788 N

b. 1.000 N

c. 0.258 N Correct

d. 0.516 N

A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.20-kg ball using only the
rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. What is the moment of
inertia of the ball alone as it moves in a circular arc with a radius of 0.32 m?
Select one:

a. 6.2 × 10−2 kg·m2

b. 1.2 × 10−2 kg·m2

c. 3.8 × 10−2 kg·m2

d. 1.9 × 10−2 kg·m2 Correct

e. 7.7 × 10−2 kg·m2

A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.16 rad/s, accelerates over a 7.0-s
interval at a rate of 0.050 rad/s2. What is its angular speed after this 7.0-s interval?
Select one:

a. 0.51 rad/s Correct

b. 1.2 rad/s

c. 0.46 rad/s

d. 0.85 rad/s

A 0.30-m radius automobile tire rotates how many rad after starting from rest and
accelerating at a constant 4.0 rad/s2 over a 3.0-s interval?
Select one:

a. 18 rad Correct

b. 40 rad

c. 5.4 rad

d. 10.8 rad

e. 36 rad

The surface of the Sun has a temperature of about 5,780 K. If the radius of the Sun is 7
× 108 m, determine the power output of the sun. (Take e = 1, and σ = 5.67 × 10−8
W/m2⋅K4).
Select one:

a. 6.74 × 1022 W

b. 2.25 × 1030 W

c. 5.57 × 1017 W

d. 3.9 × 1026 W Correct

e. 1.24 × 1027 W

A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.025 rad/s2. What is
the time interval required for it to reach a 10-rad displacement after starting from rest?
Select one:

a. 2.0 s

b. 18 s

c. 28 s Correct

d. 56 s
By what factor is the total pressure greater at a depth of 890 m in water than at the surface
where pressure is one atmosphere? (water density = 1.0 × 103 kg/m3, 1 atmosphere
pressure = 1.01 × 105 N/m2, and g = 9.8 m/s2)
Select one:

a. 76

b. 96

c. 9

d. 8 722

e. 86 Correct

Suppose a car has a 100,000 mile 10 year warranty on the wheels and axles of a car. How
may turns will the wheels of 0.80-m diameter make if both the mileage and time warranties run
out simultaneously and what will be the average angular velocities of the wheel? Assume that
a mile = 1.6 × 10³ m and that a year is 3.16 × 10⁷ s.
Select one:

a. 6.4 × 10⁷, 13 rad/s

b. 2.0 × 10⁸,1.3 × 10⁹ rad/y

c. 6.4 × 10⁷, 1.3 rad/s Correct

d. 2.0 × 10⁸, 0.51 rad/s

How much heat energy must be removed from 100 g of oxygen at 24°C to liquefy it at
−183°C? (The specific heat of oxygen gas is 0.218 cal/g⋅°C, and its heat of vaporization is
50.9 cal/g.)

Select one:

a. 4,800 cal

b. 19,200 cal

c. 9,600 cal Correct

d. 2,400 cal

e. 14,400 cal
When an object is moving in simple harmonic motion, which of the following is at a minimum
when the displacement from equilibrium is zero?
Select one:

a. the magnitude of the acceleration Correct

b. the total mechanical energy

c. the magnitude of the velocity

d. the kinetic energy

Three disks have the same mass and the same total kinetic energy. Disk #1 has radius R,
disk #2 has radius 2R, and disk #3 has radius 3R. Which one has the highest
vtranslational?
Select one:

a. disk #2

b. disk #1

c. The all have the same vtranslational. Correct

d. disk #3

If a 1,000-kg car was moving at 30 m/s, what would be its kinetic energy expressed in the
unusual (for kinetic energy) units of calories? (1 cal = 4.186 J)
Select one:

a. 0.4 × 104

b. 0.9 × 106

c. 4.5 × 105

d. 1.1 × 105 Correct

e. 0.7 × 104

A 6.0 kg mass in the xy plane is moving in the negative x direction at 3.0 m/s along the line y =
4.0 m. As the mass passes the point (x, y = 10 m, 4.0 m), what is its angular momentum with
respect to the z axis?
Select one:
a. 72 SI units Correct

b. −180 SI units
c. −60 SI units

d. 30 SI units

What is the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4 ×
106 m, and atmospheric pressure at the surface is 105 N/m2.)
Select one:

a. 5 × 1016 kg

b. 1 × 1018 kg

c. 5 × 1018 kg Correct

d. 1 × 1020 kg

An ideal fluid flows through a pipe made of two sections with diameters of 1.0 and 4.0
inches, respectively. The speed of the fluid flow through the 4.0-inch section will be what
factor times that through the 1.0-inch section?
Select one:

a. 1/8

b. 15

c. 1/16 Correct

d. 8

e. 16

Twenty grams of a solid at 70°C is place in 100 grams of a fluid at 20°C. Thermal equilibrium is
reached at 30°C. The specific heat of the solid:
Select one:

a. is equal to that of the fluid.

b. is less than that of the fluid.

c. cannot be compared to that of a material in a different phase.

d. is more than that of the fluid. Correct

Which of the following produces greenhouse gases?
Select one:

a. digestive processes in cows

b. automobile pollution

c. burning fossil fuel

d. all of the above Correct

A uniform pressure of 8.1 × 105 N/m2 is applied to all six sides of a copper cube. What is the
percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper, B = 14 × 1010 N/m2)
Select one:

a. 1.0 × 10−2 %

b. 2.9 × 10−2 %

c. 0.0 × 10−3 %

d. 1.1 × 10−2 %

e. 0.6 × 10−3 % Correct

Which of the following statements is true?

Select one:

a. Objects do not contain heat. Correct

b. A hot object contains a lot of heat.

c. Statements a and b are true.

d. A cold object contains only a little heat.

At a pressure of 1 atmosphere a column of mercury in a barometer is supported to the height

h = 0.76 m. The density of mercury is 13.6 × 103 kg/m3. A barometer of similar design filled
with water would support a column of water how high at a pressure of 1 atmosphere?
Select one:

a. less than one tenth h

b. the same height h

c. about 1.36 h

d. more than ten times h Correct

The emissivity of an ideal reflector has which of the following values?

Select one:

a. 0 Correct

b. infinity

c. 100

d. 1

Carbon dioxide and water molecules in the atmosphere will absorb:

Select one:

a. visible light.

b. radio waves.

c. infrared light. Correct

d. ultraviolet light.

A ceiling fan is turned on and reaches an angular speed of 120 rev/min in 20 s. It is then
turned off and coasts to a stop in an additional 60 s. The ratio of the average angular
acceleration for the first 20 s to that for the last 60 s is which of the following?
Select one:

a. 0.3

b. -0.3

c. 3

d. -3 Correct

Consider two identical and symmetrical wave pulses on a string. Suppose the first pulse
reaches the fixed end of the string and is reflected back and then meets the second pulse.
When the two pulses overlap exactly, the superposition principle predicts that the amplitude of
the resultant pulses, at that moment, will be what factor times the amplitude of one of the
original pulses?
Select one:

a. 4
b. 2

c. 0 Correct
d. 1

If the speed of a wave on a violin string is 400 m/s, what will be the speed of the wave if the
tension in the string is halved?
Select one:

a. 570 m/s

b. 100 m/s

c. 200 m/s

d. 280 m/s Correct

How many nodes does a standing wave in a string have at the frequency of the sixth

harmonic? Select one:

a. 12

b. 6

c. The answer is not given. Correct

d. 3

A standing wave is set up in a 2.0-m string fixed at both ends. The string vibrates in 3 distinct
segments when driven by a 120-Hz source. In how many distinct standing wave segments will
the string vibrate if the tension is increased by a factor of 4?
Select one:

a. No standing wave pattern occurs. Correct

b. 6

c. 9

d. 3

A cylinder with its mass concentrated toward the center has a moment of inertia of 0.2MR2.
If this cylinder is rolling without slipping along a level surface with a linear speed v, what is
the ratio of its rotational kinetic energy to its linear kinetic energy?
Select one:

a. 1/1

b. 1/5 Correct
c. 1/l0

d. ½

A solid sphere of mass 2.5 kg and radius 0.12 m is at rest at the top of a ramp inclined 15°. It
rolls to the bottom without slipping. The upper end of the ramp is 1.2 m higher than the lower
end. Find the sphere's total kinetic energy when it reaches the bottom.
Select one:

a. 47 J

b. 29 J Correct

c. 70 J

d. 8.8 J

Which one of the following processes of heat transfer requires the presence of

a fluid? Select one:

a. conduction

b. radiation

c. convection Correct

d. none of the above choices are valid

A woman who weighs 500 N stands on an 8.0 m long board that weighs 100 N. The board is
supported at each end. The support force at the right end is 2 times the support force at the left
end. How far from the right end is the woman standing?
Select one:

a. 4.0 m

b. 1.6 m Correct

c. 2.7 m

d. 2.4 m
A Ferris wheel starts at rest and builds up to a final angular speed of 0.70 rad/s while rotating
through an angular displacement of 2.5 rad. What is its average angular acceleration?
Select one:

a. 0.60 rad/s2
b. 1.8 rad/s2

c. 0.05 rad/s2

d. 0.098 rad/s2 Correct

Of the planets with atmospheres, which is the warmest?

Select one:

a. Jupiter

b. Earth

c. Venus Correct

d. Mars

Doubling the displacement from equilibrium of an object in simple harmonic motion will bring
about a change in the magnitude of the object's acceleration by what factor?
Select one:

a. 0.5

b. 2.0 Correct

c. 4.0

d. 1.0

Triple the mass per unit length of a guitar string will result in changing the wave speed in the
string by what factor?

Select one:

a. 1.00 (i.e., no change)

b. 3.00

c. 3.46
d. 1.73

e. 0.58 Correct

A vibrating guitar string emits a tone simultaneously with one from a 500-Hz tuning fork. If
a beat frequency of 4 Hz results, what is the frequency of vibration of the string?
Select one:
a. 504 Hz

b. Either choice B or C is valid. Correct

c. 496 Hz

d. 2500 Hz

The adiabatic index of a gas is given by which of the following?

Select one:

a. CP /CV Correct

b. CP − CV

c. CV /CP

d. CP + CV

Two springs, each with spring constant k, are attached end to end in a series fashion. A second
pair of identical springs are also attached in series fashion. Then the pair of series attached
springs are attached in parallel to each other. What is the effective spring constant of the
resulting combination of springs?
Select one:

a. either k/4 or 4k

b. k/2

c. k Correct

d. 2k

Tripling the weight suspended vertically from a coil spring will result in a change in the
displacement of the spring's lower end by what factor?

Select one:
a. 3.0 Correct

b. 9.0

c. 0.11

d. 1.0

e. 0.33
Entropy is a measure of the ____ of a system.

Select one:

a. temperature

b. internal energy

c. heat

d. disorder Correct

Two tuning forks sounding together result in a beat frequency of 3 Hz. If the frequency of
one of the forks is 512 Hz, what is the frequency of the other?
Select one:

a. 509 Hz or 515 Hz Correct

b. 518 Hz or 506 Hz

c. 105 Hz

d. 85 Hz

By what factor is the total pressure greater at a depth of 890 m in water than at the surface
where pressure is one atmosphere? (water density = 1.0 × 103 kg/m3, 1 atmosphere
pressure = 1.01 × 105 N/m2, and g = 9.8 m/s2)
Select one:

a. 96

b. 76

c. 9

d. 8 722

e. 86 Correct
What volume of water is displaced by a submerged 2.5-kg cylinder made of solid aluminum?
(aluminum density = 2.7 × 103 kg/m3 and water density = 1.0 × 103 kg/m3)
Select one:

a. 0.9 × 103 m3

b. 8.3 × 103 m3

c. 92.6 × 10−4 m3

d. 9.3 × 10−4 m3 Correct

e. 0.7 × 103 m3

Who demonstrated that when heat is gained or lost by a system during some process, the
gain or loss can be accounted for by an equivalent quantity of mechanical work done on the
system?
Select one:

a. Joule Correct

b. Thompson, Count Rumford

c. Boltzmann

d. Kelvin

Water is being sprayed from a nozzle at the end of a garden hose of diameter 2.5 cm. If the
nozzle has an opening of diameter 1.0 cm, and if the water leaves the nozzle at a speed of 14
m/s, what is the speed of the water inside the hose?
Select one:

a. 3.24 m/s

b. 0.01 m/s

c. also 14 m/s

d. 2.24 m/s Correct

e. 87.5 m/s

A mass of 0.40 kg, attached to a spring with a spring constant of 80 N/m, is set into simple
harmonic motion. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the mass when at its
maximum displacement of 0.050 m from the equilibrium position?
Select one:

a. 5 m/s2

b. zero

c. 20 m/s2

d. 10 m/s2 Correct

The quantity "pressure" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length,
time) is equivalent to:
Select one:
a. M2L−1T−3.

b. a dimensionless quantity.

c. ML−1T−2. Correct

d. MLT−1.

Dams at two different locations are needed to form a lake. When the lake is filled, the water level
will be at the top of both dams. The Dam #2 is twice as high and twice as wide as Dam #1. How
much greater is the force of the water on Dam #2 than the force on Dam #1? (Ignore atmospheric
pressure; it is pushing on both sides of the dams.)
Select one:

a. 16

b. 4

c. 8 Correct

d. 2

Suppose a 0.30-kg mass on a spring-loaded gun that has been compressed 0.20 m has elastic
potential energy of 1.0 J. How high above the spring's equilibrium point can the gun fire the
mass if the gun is fired straight up?
Select one:

a. 0.14 m Correct

b. 0.10 m

c. 0.34 m
d. 0.24 m

A uniform pressure of 8.1 × 105 N/m2 is applied to all six sides of a copper cube. What is the
percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper, B = 14 × 1010 N/m2)
Select one:

a. 1.0 × 10−2 %

b. 1.1 × 10−2 %

c. 0.6 × 10−3 % Correct

d. 0.0 × 10−3 %

e. 2.9 × 10−2 %
If one's hands are being warmed by holding them to one side of a flame, the predominant form
of heat transfer is what process?
Select one:

a. conduction

b. convection

c. radiation Correct

d. vaporization

A 0.20-m radius grinding wheel starts at rest and develops an angular speed of 9 rad/s in 3 s.
What is the average tangential acceleration of a point on the wheel's edge?
Select one:

a. 27 m/s2

b. 1.2 m/s2

c. 45.0 m/s2

d. 0.6 m/s2 Correct

e. 1.8 m/s2

A bank vault is opened by applying a force of 300 N perpendicular to the plane of the door,
1.2 m from the hinges. Find the torque due to this force about an axis through the hinges.
Select one:
a. 360 N·m Correct

b. 180 N·m

c. 300 N·m

d. 240 N·m

A solid sphere of radius R is placed on an incline that makes an angle with the horizontal.
The sphere rolls down the incline without slipping. What is its acceleration?
Select one:

a.

b. 5/7 Correct

c.
d.

At a pressure of 1 atmosphere a column of mercury in a barometer is supported to the height

h = 0.76 m. The density of mercury is 13.6 × 103 kg/m3. A barometer of similar design filled
with water would support a column of water how high at a pressure of 1 atmosphere?
Select one:

a. the same height h

b. less than one tenth h

c. about 1.36 h

d. more than ten times h Correct

If a long spring with spring constant k is cut into 4 equal lengths, what is the spring constant
of each of the 4 shorter springs?

Select one:

a. It is k/4.

b. It is still k.

c. It is 4k. Correct

d. It is k/16.
e. It is k + 4.

A wave is traveling in a string at 60 m/s. When the tension is then increased 60%, what
will be the resulting wave speed?
Select one:

a. 71 m/s

b. 55 m/s

c. 76 m/s Correct

d. also 60 m/s

The SI base units for spring constant are which of the following?

Select one:

a. kg/m2
b. kg⋅s2

c. kg/s2 Correct

d. kg⋅m2

Suppose there is an object for which F = +kx. What will happen if the object is moved
away from equilibrium (x = 0) and released?
Select one:

a. It will return to the equilibrium position.

b. It will move further away with increasing acceleration. Correct

c. It will move further away with constant acceleration.

d. It will move further away with constant velocity.

System 1 is 3.3 moles of a monatomic ideal gas held at a constant volume of 2.34 L as it
undergoes a temperature increase. System 2 is 3.3 moles of a diatomic ideal gas held at a
constant volume of 2.34 L as it undergoes a temperature increase equal to the temperature
increase of System 1. The pressure increase for system 1 is and for System 2 is during the
temperature increases. What is the ratio of ?

Select one:
a. 0.60

b. 2.50

c. 1.67

d. 1.00 Correct

e. 4.50

A simple pendulum of length 1.46 m has a mass of 160 g attached. It is drawn back 34°
and then released. What is the maximum speed of the mass?
Select one:

a. 2.94 m/s

b. 4.03 m/s

c. 1.29 m/s

d. 1.83 m/s Correct

e. 0.27 m/s

The Carnot cycle consists of a combination of ____ and ____ processes.

Select one:

a. isovolumetric, adiabatic

b. adiabatic, isothermal Correct

c. isobaric, isothermal

d. isobaric, isovolumetric

A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 3. When removing 2.6 × 104 J from

inside the refrigerator, how much energy is sent into the environment?

Select one:

a. 4.6 × 104 J

b. 0.9 × 104 J

c. 3.5 × 104 J Correct

d. 10.4 × 104 J

e. 7.8 × 104 J

Material 1 has Young's modulus Y1 and density ρ1, material 2 has Young's modulus Y2 and
density ρ2, and material 3 has Young's modulus Y3 and density ρ3. If Y1 > Y2 > Y3 and if ρ1
< ρ2 < ρ3, which material has the highest speed of sound?
Select one:

a. They could all have equal speeds of sound.

b. material 2

c. material 1 Correct

d. material 3

A pendulum on the Earth has a period T. The acceleration of due to gravity on Mars is less than
that on the Earth, and the acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is even less. Where would
the period of an identical pendulum be the least?
Select one:
a. on Mars

b. on the Earth Correct

c. on the Moon

d. The period of a pendulum would be the same on the Earth, Moon, and Mars since the period
depends on the pendulum's length which is the same for identical pendula.

A 5-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic free expansion (a rapid expansion into a
vacuum), going from an initial volume of 20 L to a final volume of 40 L. How much work is done
on the system during this adiabatic free expansion?

Select one:

a. −20 J

b. +100 J

c. +20 J

d. −100 J
e. zero Correct

The frequency separating audible waves and ultrasonic waves is considered to be 20 kHz.
What wavelength in air at room temperature is associated with this frequency? (Assume the
speed of sound to be 340 m/s.)
Select one:

a. 1.7 cm Correct

b. 55 cm

c. 34 cm

d. 0.59 cm

A musical tone, sounded on a piano, has a frequency of 450 Hz and a wavelength in air of
0.800 m. What is the wave speed?

Select one:

a. 288 m/s

b. 90 m/s

c. 110 m/s
d. 440 m/s

e. 360 m/s Correct

Two loudspeakers are placed facing each other and driven by the same source at 680 Hz. A
listener is positioned between the two speakers on the line separating them, thus creating a
constructive interference at the listener's ear. If one of the speakers is gradually pushed toward
the listener, how far must it be moved to repeat the condition of constructive interference at the
listener's ear? (The speed of sound = 340 m/s.)
Select one:

a. 0.13 m

b. 0.25 m

c. 0.50 m Correct

d. 1.00 m
Heat is applied to an ice-water mixture to melt some of the ice. In this

process: Select one:

a. all of the above are correct.

b. the temperature increases.

c. the internal energy increases. Correct

d. work is done by the ice-water mixture

A wave is traveling in a string at 58 m/s. When the tension is then increased 17%, what
will be the resulting wave speed?

Select one:

a. 53 m/s

b. 68 m/s

c. 24 m/s

d. also 58 m/s

e. 63 m/s Correct

The volume of an ideal gas changes from 0.35 to 0.56 m3 although its pressure remains
constant at 56,000 Pa. What work is done on the system by its environment?
Select one:

a. 11,760 J

b. -19,600 J

c. -31,360 J

d. -11,760 J Correct

e. 19,600 J

At the dice factory, sets of novelty dice are created where a side with 7 dots replaces the single
dot side. The sides then range from 2 to 7 instead of the usually 1 to 6. Using such dice for a
game of craps, what will be the most probable roll?
Select one:

a. 7.5

b. 9 Correct

c. 7, this change in dots results in the same most probable value.

d. 8

If a radio wave has speed 3.61 × 108 m/s and frequency 94.1 MHz, what is its wavelength?

Select one:

a. 2.8 m

b. 3.84 m Correct

c. 7.59 m

d. 1.92 m

e. 4.9 m

Suppose a 0.35-kg mass on a spring-loaded gun that has been compressed 0.2 m has elastic
potential energy of 1.8 J. How high above the spring's equilibrium point can the gun fire the
mass if the gun is fired straight up?

Select one:

a. 50.2 m
b. 0.52 m

c. 4.94 m

d. 0.85 m

e. 0.32 m Correct

An electrical generating plant operates at a boiler temperature of 223°C and exhausts the
unused heat into a nearby river at 20°C. If the generating plant has a power output of 890
megawatts (MW) and if the actual efficiency is 3/4 the theoretical efficiency, how much heat per
second must be delivered to the boiler? (0°C = 273 K)
Select one:

a. 2,175 MW

b. 8,698 MW

c. 2,899 MW Correct

d. 4,349 MW

e. 1,713 MW

A large spring requires a force of 100 N to compress it only 0.010 m. What is the spring
constant of the spring?

Select one:

a. 1 N/m

b. 99 N/m

c. 10,000 N/m Correct

d. 5,000 N/m

e. 10 N/m

An adiabatic expansion refers to the fact that:

Select one:

a. the temperature remains constant.

b. the pressure remains constant.

c. the volume remains constant.

d. no heat is transferred between a system and its surroundings. Correct

Which of the following ranges corresponds to the shortest wavelengths?

Select one:

a. ultrasonic Correct

b. audible
c. infrasonic

d. All have the same wavelengths.

System 1 is 3.3 moles of a monatomic ideal gas held at a constant volume of 2.34 L as it
undergoes a temperature increase. System 2 is 3.3 moles of a diatomic ideal gas held at a
constant volume of 2.34 L as it undergoes a temperature increase equal to the temperature
increase of System 1. The pressure increase for system 1 is and for System 2 is during the
temperature increases. What is the ratio of ?

Select one:

a. 0.60

b. 1.67

c. 2.50

d. 4.50

e. 1.00 Correct

The filament temperature of a light bulb is 2000 K when the bulb delivers 50 W of power. If its
emissivity remains constant, what power is delivered when the filament temperature is 2500
K?
Select one:

a. 98 W

b. 62 W

c. 50 W

d. 122 W Correct

A sound wave coming from a tuba has a wavelength of 0.674 m and travels to your ears at a
speed of 345 m/s. What is the frequency of the sound you hear?
Select one:

a. 512 Hz Correct

b. 1/517 Hz

c. 230 Hz

d. 1/230 Hz
A 1.5-m string is held fixed at both ends. When driven by a 160-Hz source, the string vibrates in
2 distinct segments. What is the natural fundamental frequency of the string?
Select one:

a. 213 Hz

b. 320 Hz

c. 160 Hz

d. 80 Hz Correct

e. 120 Hz

A flute behaves like a tube open at both ends. If its length is 70.0 cm, and the speed of sound is
340 m/s, what is its fundamental frequency in Hz?
Select one:

a. 159 Hz

b. 260 Hz

c. 121 Hz

d. 243 Hz Correct

Bats can detect small objects such as insects that are of a size approximately that of one
wavelength. If bats emit a chirp at a frequency of 60 kHz, and the speed of sound waves in
air is 339 m/s, what is the smallest size insect they can detect?

Select one:

a. 7.7 mm

b. 4.7 mm

c. 6.7 mm

d. 3.7 mm
e. 5.7 mm Correct
Waves propagate at 4.0 m/s along a stretched string. The end of the string is vibrated up and
down once every 3.0 s. What is the wavelength of the waves that travel along the string?
Select one:

a. 3.0 m

b. 6.0 m

c. 2.7 m

d. 12 m Correct

A 0.23-kg mass is oscillating on a spring over a horizontal frictionless surface. When it is at

a displacement of 2.2 cm for equilibrium it has a kinetic energy of 1.7 J and a spring potential
energy of 2.8 J. What is the maximum speed of the mass during its oscillation?

Select one:

a. 4.4 m/s

b. 4.4 m/s

c. 6.3 m/s Correct

d. 0.2 m/s

e. 3 m/s

How far away is a lightning strike if you hear the thunderclap 6 s after you see the lightning
bolt strike? (vsound = 340 m/s, vlight = 3 × 108 m/s)
Select one:

a. 57 m

b. 1,700 m

c. 18 × 108 m/s

d. 2,040 m Correct

e. 340 m

A 6-g lead bullet traveling in 20°C air at 300 m/s strikes a flat steel plate and stops. What is
the final temperature of the lead bullet? (Assume the bullet retains all heat.) The melting point
of lead is 327°C. The specific heat of lead is 0.128 J/g·°C. The heat of fusion of lead is 24.5
J/g.
Select one:

a. 227°C

b. 327°C Correct

c. 293°C

d. 260°C

Suppose a 0.30-kg mass on a spring that has been compressed 0.10 m has elastic potential
energy of 1.5 J. What is the spring constant?
Select one:

a. 200 N/m

b. 300 N/m Correct

c. 20 N/m

d. 10 N/m

A bucket of water with total mass 30 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is wound around a
0.050 m radius cylinder at the top of a well. A crank with a turning radius of 0.25 m is attached
to the end of the cylinder and the moment of inertia of cylinder and crank is 0.12 kg×m2. If the
bucket is raised to the top of the well and released, what is the acceleration of the bucket as it
falls toward the bottom of the well? (Assume rope's mass is negligible, that cylinder turns on
frictionless bearings and that g = 9.8 m/s2.)
Select one:

a. 9.8 m/s2

b. 7.4 m/s2

c. 3.2 m/s2

d. 3.8 m/s2 Correct

1300 rev/min is equivalent to which of the following?

Select one:

a. 2600 rad/s

b. 60 rad/s

c. 136 rad/s Correct

d. 273 rad/s
Suppose a 0.30-kg mass on a spring that has been compressed 0.20 m has elastic potential
energy of 1.0 J. How much further must the spring be compressed to triple the elastic potential
energy?
Select one:

a. 0.10 m

b. 0.35 m

c. 0.15 m Correct

d. 0.05 m

If a long spring with spring constant k is cut into 3 equal lengths, what is the spring constant
of each of the 3 shorter springs?
Select one:

a. It is 3k. Correct

b. It is k/3.

c. It is still k.

d. It is k/9.

A box slides down a frictionless incline, and a hoop rolls down another incline. Both inclines
have the same height, and both the box and the hoop have the same mass. If both objects
start from rest, upon reaching the bottom of the incline which one will have the greater kinetic
energy and which one will have the greater speed?
Select one:

a. The box will have both the greater kinetic energy and the greater speed.

b. The hoop will have both the greater kinetic energy and the greater speed.

c. Both will have the same kinetic energy, but the box will have the greater speed.

Correct d. Both will have the same kinetic energy, but the hoop will have the

greater speed.

Tasha has mass 20 kg and wants to use a 6.0-m board of mass 10 kg as a seesaw. Her friends
are busy, so Tasha seesaws by herself by putting the support at the system's center of gravity
when she sits on one end of the board. How far is she from the support point?
Select one:
a. 1.0 m Correct
b. 0.67 m

c. 0.33 m

d. 2.0 m

Doubling the weight suspended vertically from a coil spring will result in a change in the
displacement of the spring's lower end by what factor?
Select one:

a. 0.5

b. 2.0 Correct

c. 4.0

d. 3.0

A machine gear consists of 0.1 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much total heat is
generated in the part if its temperature increases by 28 C°? (Specific heats of iron and copper
are 450 and 390 J/kg⋅°C, respectively.)
Select one:

a. 1,700 J

b. 3,300 J

c. 2,800 J

d. 3,000 J Correct

e. 1,300 J

A block of wood has density 0.50 g/cm3 and mass 1 500 g. It floats in a container of oil (the
oil's density is 0.75 g/cm3). What volume of oil does the wood displace?
Select one:

a. 1 125 cm3

b. 2 000 cm3 Correct

c. 375 cm3

d. 3 000 cm3
e. 750 cm3

A 0.30-m radius automobile tire rotates how many rad after starting from rest and
accelerating at a constant 4.0 rad/s2 over a 3.0-s interval?
Select one:

a. 40 rad

b. 18 rad Correct

c. 36 rad

d. 10.8 rad

e. 5.4 rad

A spool of thread has an average radius of 1.00 cm. If the spool contains 135 m of thread, how
many turns of thread are on the spool? "Average radius" allows us to not need to treat the
layering of threads on lower layers.
Select one:

a. 21

b. 2,200 Correct

c. 1,100

d. 3,400

e. 4,300

A bus is designed to draw its power from a rotating flywheel that is brought up to its maximum
speed (3000 rpm) by an electric motor. The flywheel is a solid cylinder of mass 250 kg and
radius 0.500 m (Icylinder = MR2/2). If the bus requires an average power of 10.0 kW, how
long will the flywheel rotate?
Select one:

a. 154 s Correct

b. 617 s

c. 308 s

d. 463 s

A simple pendulum of length 2.00 m has a mass of 100 g attached. It is drawn back 30.0°
and then released. What is the maximum speed of the mass?
Select one:

a. 2.29 m/s Correct

b. 4.58 m/s
c. 1.62 m/s

d. 1.14 m/s

Two children seat themselves on a seesaw. The one on the left has a weight of 400 N while the
one on the right weighs 300 N. The fulcrum is at the midpoint of the seesaw. If the child on the
right is not at the end but is 2.00 m from the fulcrum and the seesaw is balanced, what is the
torque provided by the weight of the child on the left? (Take ccw as positive.)
Select one:

a. -800 N·m

b. -600 N·m

c. 800 N·m

d. 600 N·m Correct

e. 200 N·m

On a sunny day at the beach, the reason the sand gets so hot and the water stays
relatively cool is attributed to the difference in which property between water and sand?
Select one:

a. thermal conductivity

b. mass density

c. temperature

d. specific heat Correct

Perihelion, the near point to the Sun for the Earth in its orbit, occurs in January. In which of the
following months is the orbital angular momentum of the Earth the greatest?
Select one:

a. None of the above answers is correct. Correct

b. in both April and October, but in no other months

c. only in January

d. only in July

How large a force is necessary to stretch a 1-mm-diameter steel wire (Y = 2.0 × 1011 N/m2)

by 10.0%? Select one:

a. 15.7 × 103 N Correct

b. 15.7 × 104 N

c. 23.4 × 103 N

d. 31.4 × 104 N

e. 15.2 × 103 N

A bucket in an old well is hoisted upward by a rope which winds up on a cylinder having a
radius of 0.050 m. How many rev/s must the cylinder turn if the bucket is raised at a speed of
0.20 m/s?
Select one:

a. 1.5 rev/s

b. 0.48 rev/s

c. 3.0 rev/s

d. 0.64 rev/s Correct

A Boeing-737 airliner has a mass of 20 300 kg. The total area of the wings is 105 m2. What
must be the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the wings to keep the airplane
up?
Select one:

a. 193 Pa

b. 1 895 Pa Correct

c. 1 795 Pa

d. 1 905 Pa

e. 20 Pa

A 40-kg boy is standing on the edge of a stationary 30-kg circular platform that is free to rotate.
The boy tries to walk around the platform in a counterclockwise direction. As he does:
Select one:

a. both go around with equal angular velocities but in opposite directions.

b. the platform rotates in a clockwise direction just fast enough so that the boy remains
stationary relative to the ground.
c. the platform rotates in a clockwise direction while the boy goes around in a counterclockwise
direction relative to the ground. Correct
d. the platform doesn't rotate.

Which of the first units given below can be units for angular acceleration while the second
units can be units for angular velocity?

The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical orbit.
Compare the motion at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to the motion at the point
farthest from the Earth (apogee). At the point closest to the Earth:
Select one:

a. None of the above. Correct

b. the kinetic energy and angular momentum will both be greater.

c. the angular speed will be greatest although the linear speed will be the

same. d. the speed will be greatest although the angular speed will be

the same.

Two stars, A and B, have the same emissivity, but the radii and surface temperatures are
different with RA = 0.5 RB, and TA = 2 TB. Assuming the temperature of space to be
negligible, which star radiates the most energy per unit time?
Select one:

a. More information is needed in order to make a determination.

b. Both radiate the same amount of energy per unit time.

c. Star A Correct
d. Star B

A ping-pong ball has an average density of 0.0840 g/cm3 and a diameter of 3.80 cm. What
force would be required to keep the ball completely submerged under water?
Select one:

a. 0.258 N Correct

b. 1.000 N
c. 0.516 N

d. 0.788 N

A 2.00-kg copper rod is 47.00 cm long at 25°C. If 50,000 J are transferred to the rod by heat,
what is its change in length? ccopper = 387 J/kg⋅°C and αcopper = 17 × 10−6/°C.

Select one:

a. 0.078 cm

b. 0.052 cm Correct

c. 39.950 cm

d. 0.232 cm

e. More information is needed.

The standard kilogram is a platinum-iridium cylinder 22.0 mm in height and 30.0 mm in

diameter. What is the density of the material?
Select one:

a. 64.3 g/cm3 Correct

b. 127.4 g/cm3

c. 10.0 g/cm3

d. 63.7 g/cm3

e. 64.9 g/cm3

A circular disk is rotating about a central axis with an angular velocity which is increasing at a
constant rate. Point 1 on the disk is located at a distance from the center of the disk and
point 2 on the disk is
located at a distance from the center of the disk. If , which of the following ratios is the largest?
1 and 2 refer to being at points 1 and 2 in the subscripts below, all values occurring at the
same time.
A 0.20-m radius grinding wheel starts at rest and develops an angular speed of 12.0 rad/s in
4.0 s. What is the average tangential acceleration of a point on the wheel's edge?
Select one:

a. 0.45 m/s2

b. 0.60 m/s2 Correct

c. 14 m/s2

d. 28 m/s2

An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual, while pedaling, can
convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. What minimum power must be
generated if 250 g water (enough for 1 cup of coffee) is to be heated in 15 min from 25°C to
91°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)

Select one:

a. 80 W Correct

b. 1150 W

c. 310 W

d. 4,600 W

e. 60 W

A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.0 Hz and amplitude
of 8.0 cm. If the mass of the object is 0.25 kg, what is the spring constant?
Select one:
a. 40 N/m

b. 87 N/m

c. 126 N/m
d. 158 N/m Correct

The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical orbit.
Compare the motion of the satellite at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to the motion at
the point farthest from the Earth (apogee). At these two points:
Select one:

a. the tangential velocities are the same.

b. the angular momenta are the same. Correct

c. the angular velocities are the same.

d. the kinetic energies are the same.

A 0.20-kg object is attached to a spring with spring constant k = 10 N/m and moves with simple
harmonic motion over a horizontal, frictionless surface. At the instant that it is displaced from
equilibrium by −0.060 m, what is its acceleration?
Select one:

a. 0.18 m/s2

b. 3.0 m/s2 Correct

c. −30 m/s2

d. 360 m/s2

A uniform rod of length L and mass M is pivoted about one end. Attached to the rod is a
mass M at its midpoint and at the end opposite the pivot is another mass M. What is the
moment of inertia of this configuration about the pivot?

A simple pendulum has a period of 1.0 s. What is the pendulum length? (g =

9.8 m/s2) Select one:

a. 0.39 m
b. 0.25 m Correct

c. 1.0 m

d. 0.99 m

A 0.40-m radius automobile tire accelerates from rest at a constant 4.0 rad/s2 over a 10.0 s
interval. What is the tangential component of acceleration for a point on the outer edge of
the tire during the 10.0-s interval?
Select one:

a. 3.2 m/s2

b. 1.6 m/s2 Correct

c. 5.03 m/s2

d. 1.02 m/s2

e. 10.05 m/s2

In a greenhouse, electromagnetic energy in the form of visible light enters the glass panes
and is absorbed and then reradiated. What happens to this reradiated electromagnetic
radiation from within the greenhouse?
Select one:

a. It's transformed into ultraviolet upon striking the glass.

b. 100% returns to the atmosphere.

c. It's reflected as visible light upon striking the glass.

d. It's partially blocked by glass. Correct

A solid sphere, a solid cylinder, and a hoop each have the same mass and radius. If they are
spinning at the same angular velocity, which one has the greatest rotational kinetic energy?
Select one:
a. the cylinder

b. the hoop Correct

c. They all have the same rotational kinetic energy.

d. the sphere
By what factor should the length of a simple pendulum be changed if the period of vibration
were to be quadrupled?
Select one:

a. 4.0

b. 0.25

c. 16 Correct

d. 1/16

A figure skater with arms initially extended starts spinning on the ice at 3 rad/s. She then pulls
her arms in close to her body. Which of the following results?
Select one:

a. a greater angular momentum

b. a smaller rotational rate

c. a smaller angular momentum

d. a greater rotational rate Correct

A 0.40-m radius automobile tire accelerates from rest at a constant 2.0 rad/s2 over a 5.0 s
interval. What is the tangential component of acceleration for a point on the outer edge of the
tire during the 5.0-s interval?
Select one:

a. 0.60 m/s2

b. 33 m/s2

c. 0.30 m/s2

d. 0.80 m/s2 Correct

A 0.36 kg object, attached to a spring with spring constant k = 10 N/m, is moving on a
horizontal frictionless surface in simple harmonic motion of amplitude of 0.082 m. What is its
speed at the instant when its displacement is 0.041 m? (Hint: Use conservation of energy.)

Select one:

a. 3.7 m/s

b. 7.4 m/s

c. 37.4 cm/s Correct

d. 48.3 cm/s

e. 26.5 cm/s

According to the second law of thermodynamics, which of the following applies to the heat
received from a high temperature reservoir by a heat engine operating in a complete
cycle?
Select one:

a. cannot be completely converted to work Correct

b. must be completely converted to work

c. converted completely into internal energy

d. equals the entropy increase

A car with bad shocks bounces up and down with a period of 1.78 s after hitting a bump. The
car has a mass of 1,400 kg and is supported by four springs of force constant k. What is k for
each spring?

Select one:

a. 658 N/m

b. 4,361 N/m Correct

c. 2,181 N/m

d. 1,090 N/m

e. 1,235 N/m
A vibrating guitar string emits a tone simultaneously with one from a 510-Hz tuning fork. If
a beat frequency of 4 Hz results, what is the frequency of vibration of the string?
Select one:

a. 506 Hz

b. Either choice b or c is valid. Correct

c. 257

d. 514 Hz

e. 2,040 Hz
A wave travels in a string at 60 m/s. A second string of 40% greater linear density has the
same tension applied as in the first string. What will be the resulting wave speed in the
second string?
Select one:

a. 72 m/s

b. also 60 m/s

c. 51 m/s Correct

d. 55 m/s

A steel piano string is attached, under tension, at each end to secure posts. When gently
struck, a faint note can be detected coming from the string. The string is then cooled by
blowing cold air over it and then is struck again. How does the note now detected compare to
the previous one.
Select one:

a. It is at a higher frequency than the original one. Correct

b. It is the same since the posts don't move.

c. It is at a lower frequency than the original one.

d. More than one answer is correct.

Two water waves meet at the same point, one having a displacement above equilibrium of 60
cm and the other having a displacement above equilibrium of 70 cm. At this moment, what is
the resulting displacement above equilibrium?

Select one:
a. 40 cm

b. 10 cm

c. 130 cm Correct

d. 95 cm

e. Information about the amplitudes needs to be given to find an answer.

Two loudspeakers are placed next to each other and driven by the same source at 500 Hz. A
listener is positioned in front of the two speakers and on the line separating them, thus
creating a constructive interference at the listener's ear. What minimum distance would one
of the speakers be moved back away from the listener to produce destructive interference at
the listener's ear? (The speed of sound = 340 m/s.)
Select one:

a. 1.47 m

b. 0.68 m

c. 0.17 m

d. 2.94 m

e. 0.34 m Correct

A sound source of frequency 1000 Hz moves at 40.0 m/s toward a listener who is at rest.
What is the apparent frequency heard by the listener? (speed of sound = 340 m/s)
Select one:

a. 1130 Hz Correct

b. 872 Hz

c. 853 Hz

d. 1170 Hz

The density of a certain solid is 7.2 × 103 kg/m3, and its Young's modulus is 8.0 × 1010
N/m2. What is the speed of sound in this material?
Select one:

a. 3700 m/s

b. 5900 m/s
c. 1.1 × 107 m/s

d. 3300 m/s Correct

If the intensity of a sound is increased by a factor of 100, how is the decibel level changed?
The new decibel level will be:
Select one:

a. double the old one.

b. twenty units greater. Correct

c. ten times greater.

d. two units greater.

A simple pendulum has a period of 4.2 s. What is the pendulum length? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

Select one:

a. 13.76 m

b. 17.52 m

c. 0.06 m

d. 4.38 m Correct

e. 0.23 m

Two tuning forks sounding together result in a beat frequency of 3 Hz. If the frequency of
one of the forks is 265 Hz, what is the frequency of the other?
Select one:

a. 134.0 Hz

b. 88 Hz

c. 262 Hz or 268 Hz Correct

d. 133 Hz

e. 271 Hz or 259 Hz
A swimming pool heater has to be able to raise the temperature of the 30,000 gallons of water
in the pool by 10.0°C. How many kilowatt-hours of energy are required? (One gallon of water
has a mass of approximately 3.79 kg and the specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg · °C.)
Select one:

a. 1130 kWh

b. 216 kWh

c. 1320 kWh Correct

d. 1960 kWh

A standing wave is set up in a 180-cm string fixed at both ends. The string vibrates in 3 distinct
segments when driven by a 110-Hz source. What is the wavelength?
Select one:
a. 120 cm Correct

b. 30 cm

c. 240 cm

d. 60 cm

e. 15 cm

In the text there is a table of coefficients of linear (α) and volume (β) expansions due to
temperature changes. For the solid materials in this list, there is a relationship between α and
β which allows you to find the value of β if you know α. Which of the following best describes
that relationship?
Select one:

a. α3 = β

b. 3α = β Correct

c. α = 3β

d. α = β3

A meterstick is supported by a knife-edge at the 50-cm mark. Doug hangs masses of 0.40 and
0.60 kg from the 35-cm and 80-cm marks, respectively. Where should Doug hang a third mass
of 0.30 kg to keep the stick balanced?
Select one:
a. 10 cm Correct

b. 30 cm

c. 20 cm

d. 70 cm

Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105 N/m2, and the density of air is 1.29 kg/m3. If the density of
air is constant as you get higher and higher, calculate the height of the atmosphere needed
to produce this pressure.
Select one:

a. 1 260 m

b. 7 900 m Correct

c. 10 300 m

d. 77 000 m
A 0.60-kg rock is swung in a circular path and in a vertical plane on a 0.25-m length string. At
the top of the path, the angular speed is 12.0 rad/s. What is the tension in the string at that
point?
Select one:

a. 6.5 N

b. 22 N

c. 16 N Correct

d. 7.9 N

A tire stops a car by use of friction. What modulus should we use to calculate the stress and
strain on the tire?
Select one:

a. bulk modulus

b. shear modulus Correct

c. Young's modulus

d. compression modulus
The quantity "stress" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is
equivalent to:
Select one:

a. MLT−1.

b. a dimensionless quantity.

c. M2L−1T−3.

d. ML−1T−2. Correct

A waterfall is 140 m high. What is the increase in water temperature at the bottom of the falls if
all the initial potential energy goes into heating the water? (g = 9.8 m/s2, cw = 4,186 J/kg⋅°C)
Select one:

a. 0.16°C

b. 0.98°C

c. 0.41°C

d. 0.66°C

e. 0.33°C Correct
A mass of 0.40 kg, hanging from a spring with a spring constant of 160 N/m, is set into an up-
and-down simple harmonic motion. What is the speed of the mass when moving through the
equilibrium point? The starting displacement from equilibrium is 0.10 m.
Select one:

a. 3.4 m/s

b. 2.0 m/s Correct

c. 1.4 m/s

d. zero

What temperature increase is necessary to increase the power radiated from an object by a
factor of 6?

Select one:

a. 6 K
b. 4 K

c. 100%

d. about 57% Correct

e. about 157%

A 0.30-m radius automobile tire rotates how many rad after starting from rest and
accelerating at a constant 3.0 rad/s2 over a 5.0-s interval?
Select one:

a. 37 rad Correct

b. 25 rad

c. 12 rad

d. 0.50 rad

The quantity "angular momentum" (in terms of the fundamental quantities of mass, length, and
time) is equivalent to:
Select one:

a. ML3T.

b. MLT−2.
c. ML2T−1. Correct

d. ML2T−3.

Calculate the linear speed due to the Earth's rotation for a person at a point on its surface
located at 30o N latitude. The radius of the Earth is 6.40 × 106 m.
Select one:

a. 299 m/s

b. 233 m/s

c. 403 m/s Correct

d. 465 m/s
If cooking is done using an aluminum pan over an electric burner, which of the following
will not promote the rate of heat flow from burner to food?
Select one:

a. increase pan bottom thickness Correct

b. increase burner temperature

c. decrease height of pan sides

d. increase pan bottom area

What temperature increase is necessary to increase the power radiated from an object by a

factor of 8? about 68%

A metal bar is used to conduct heat. When the temperature at one end is 100°C and at the other
is 20°C, heat is transferred at a rate of 16 J/s. If the temperature ofthe hotter end is reduced to
80°C, what will be the rate of heat transfer?
12 J/s

A metal bar is used to conduct heat. When the temperature at one end is 100°C and at the
other is 20°C, heat is transferred at a rate of 16 J/s. The bar is thenstretched uniformly to twice
its original length. If again it has ends at 100°C and 20°C, at what rate will heat be transferred
between it ends?
4 J/s
Which of the following produces greenhouse gases?

all of the above

Carbon dioxide and water molecules in the atmosphere will absorb:a. infrared light.CHAPTER
121 The volume of an ideal gas changes from 0.40 to 0.55 m3 although its pressure remains
constant at 50 000 Pa. What work is done on the system by its environment?
–7 500 J2

During an isobaric process which one of the following does not change? d. pressure3. Area
on a P-V diagram has units associated with:
Energy
What is the work done on the gas as it expands from pressure P1 and volume V1 to
pressure P2 and volume V2 along the indicated straight line?
(P1 + P2)(V1 − V2)/25

On a P-V diagram, an ______________ process is represented by a

horizontal line Isobaric

In an isobaric process 4.5 × 104J of work is done on a quantity of gas while its volume
changes from 2.6 m3 to 1.1 m3. What is the pressure during this process?
3.0 × 104 Pa

A system is acted on by its surroundings in such a way that it receives 50 J of heat while
simultaneously doing 20 J of work. What is its net change in internal energy?
30 J8

In an isothermal process for an ideal gas system (where the internal energy doesn’t change),
which of the following choices best corresponds to the value of the workdone on the
system?
the negative of its heat intake

According to the first law of thermodynamics, the sum of the heat gained by a system and the
work done on that same system is equivalent to which of the following?
internal energy change

If an ideal gas does positive work on its surroundings, we may assume, with regard

to the gas: volume increases

In an isovolumetric process by an ideal gas, the system's heat gain is equivalent to a

change in: internal energy.

A 10-kg piece of aluminum (which has a specific heat of 900 J/kg⋅°C) is warmed so that its
temperature increases by 5.0 C°. How much heat was transferred into it?
a. 4.5 × 104 J

b. 9.0 × 104 J

c. 1.4 × 105 J

d. 2.0 × 105 J

Carly places one end of a steel bar in a Bunsen flame and the other end in an ice cube. By
what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the bar’s cross-sectional area is doubled?

a. 2

b. 1/2

c. 4.0

d. 1/4

Dmitri places one end of a copper rod in a heat reservoir and the other end in a heat sink. By
what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the temperature difference between the
reservoir and sink is tripled?

a. 0.33

b. 1/9

c. 3.0
d. 9.0

A hot (70°C) lump of metal has a mass of 250 g and a specific heat of 0.25 cal/g⋅°C. John drops
the metal into a 500-g calorimeter containing 75 g of water at 20°C. The calorimeter is
constructed of a material that has a specific heat of 0.10 cal/ g⋅°C. When equilibrium is
reached, what will be the final temperature? cwater = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C.

a. 114°C

b. 72°C

c. 64°C
d. 37°C

Who demonstrated that when heat is gained or lost by a system during some process, the
gain or loss can be accounted for by an equivalent quantity of mechanical work done on the
system?

a. Joule

b. Boltzmann

c. Thompson, Count Rumford

d. Kelvin

The first experiment, which systematically demonstrated the equivalence of mechanical

energy and heat, was performed by:

a. Joule

b. Boltzmann

c. Thompson, Count Rumford

d. Kelvin

Marc attaches a falling 500-kg object with a rope through a pulley to a paddle wheel shaft. He
places the system in a well-insulated tank holding 25 kg of water. When the object falls, it
causes the paddle wheel to rotate and churn the water. If the object falls a vertical distance of
100 m at constant speed, what is the temperature change of the water? (1 kcal = 4 186 J, the
specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C, and g = 9.8 m/s2)
a. 19 600 C°

b. 4 700 C°

c. 4.7 C°

d. 0.8 C°

An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual, while pedaling, can
convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. How much mechanical energy
is required to increase
the temperature of 300 g of water (enough for 1 cup of coffee) from 20°C to 95°C? (1 cal =
4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)

a. 94 000 J

b. 22 000 J

c. 5 400 J

d. 14 J

An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual, while pedaling, can
convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. What minimum power must be
generated if 300 g water (enough for 1 cup of coffee) is to be heated in 10 min from 20°C to
95°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)

a. 9 400 W

b. 590 W

c. 160 W

d. 31 W

A 3.00-g lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a wood post. If we
assume that half of the resultant heat energy generated remains with the bullet, what is the
increase in temperature of the embedded bullet? (specific heat of lead = 0.030 5 kcal/kg⋅°C, 1
kcal = 4 186 J)

a. 113°C

b. 137°C
c. 226°C

d. 259°C

A 0.003 0-kg lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a block of ice at
0°C. If all the heat generated goes into melting ice, what quantity of ice is melted? (Lf = 80
kcal/kg, the specific heat of lead = 0.03 kcal/kg⋅°C, and 1 kcal = 4 186 J)
a. 1.47 × 10−2 kg

b. 5.8 × 10−4 kg

c. 3.2 × 10−3 kg

d. 2.6 × 10−4 kg

A puddle holds 150 g of water. If 0.50 g of water evaporates from the surface, what is the
approximate temperature change of the remaining water? (Lv = 540 cal/g)

a. +1.8 C°

b. –1.8 C°

c. +0.18 C°

d. −0.18 C°

A windowpane is half a centimeter thick and has an area of 1.0 m2. The temperature difference
between the inside and outside surfaces of the pane is 15 C°. What is the rate of heat flow
through this window? (Thermal conductivity for glass is 0.84 J/s⋅m⋅°C.)

a. 50 000 J/s

b. 2 500 J/s

c. 1 300 J/s

d. 630 J/s

A 2.0-m2 Thermopane window is constructed, using two layers of glass 4.0 mm thick,
separated by an air space of 5.0 mm. If the temperature difference is 20 C° from the inside of
the house to the outside air, what is the rate of heat flow through this window? (Thermal
conductivity for glass is 0.84 J/s⋅m⋅°C and for air 0.023 4 J/s⋅m⋅°C.)
a. 7 700 W

b. 1 900 W

c. 547 W

d. 180 W
A swimming pool heater has to be able to raise the temperature of the 40 000 gallons of water
in the pool by 10.0 C°. How many kilowatt-hours of energy are required? (One gallon of water
has a mass of approximately 3.8 kg and the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C.)

a. 1 960 kWh

b. 1 770 kWh

c. 330 kWh

d. 216 kWh

A solar heated house loses about 5.4 × 107 cal through its outer surfaces on a typical 24-h
winter day. What mass of storage rock is needed to provide this amount of heat if it is brought
up to initial temperature of 62°C by the solar collectors and the house is maintained at 20°C?
(Specific heat of rock is 0.21 cal/g⋅°C.)

a. 163 kg

b. 1 230 kg

c. 6 100 kg

d. 12 700 kg

A 0.2-kg aluminum plate, initially at 20°C, slides down a 15-m-long surface, inclined at a 30°
angle to the horizontal. The force of kinetic friction exactly balances the component of gravity
down the plane so that the plate, once started, glides down at constant velocity. If 90% of the
mechanical energy of the system is absorbed by the aluminum, what is its temperature
increase at the bottom of the incline? (Specific heat for aluminum is 900 J/kg⋅°C.)

a. 0.16 C°

b. 0.07 C°

c. 0.04 C°

d. 0.03 C°
Iced tea is made by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at 80°C. How many kg of ice,
initially at 0°C, are required to bring the mixture to 10°C? (Lf = 3.33 x 105 J/kg, cw = 4 186
J/kg⋅°C)

a. 1.8 kg

b. 1.6 kg

c. 1.4 kg

d. 1.2 kg

The filament temperature of a light bulb is 2 000 K when the bulb delivers 40 W of power. If its
emissivity remains constant, what power is delivered when the filament temperature is 2 500
K?

a. 105 W

b. 62 W

c. 98 W

d. 50 W

A waterfall is 145 m high. What is the increase in water temperature at the bottom of the falls if
all the initial potential energy goes into heating the water? (g = 9.8 m/s2, cw = 4 186
J/kg⋅°C)

a. 0.16°C

b. 0.34°C

c. 0.69°C

d. 1.04°C

What is the temperature increase of 4.0 kg of water when heated by an 800-W immersion
heater for 10 min? (cw = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)
a. 56°C

b. 51°C

c. 29°C
d. 14°C
A solar heating system has a 25.0% conversion efficiency; the solar radiation incident on the
panels is 1 000 W/m2. What is the increase in temperature of 30.0 kg of water in a 1.00-h
period by a 4.00-m2-area collector? (cw = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)

a. 14.3°C

b. 22.4°C

c. 28.7°C

d. 44.3°C

An 80.0-g piece of copper, initially at 295°C, is dropped into 250 g of water contained in a 300-
g aluminum calorimeter; the water and calorimeter are initially at 10.0°C. What is the final
temperature of the system? (Specific heats of copper and aluminum are 0.092 0 and
0.215 cal/g⋅°C, respectively. cw = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C)

a. 12.8°C

b. 16.5°C

c. 28.4°C

d. 32.1°C

A machine gear consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much total heat is
generated in the part if its temperature increases by 35 C°? (Specific heats of iron and copper
are 450 and 390 J/kg⋅°C, respectively.)

a. 910 J

b. 3 800 J

c. 4 000 J

d. 4 400 J
I place a 500-g ice cube (initially at 0°C) in a Styrofoam box with wall thickness 1.0 cm and
total surface area 600 cm2. If the air surrounding the box is at 20°C and after 4 hours the ice
is completely melted, what is the conductivity of the Styrofoam material? (Lf = 80 cal/g)

a. 9.6 × 10−5 cal/s⋅cm⋅°C

b. 2.8 × 10−6 cal/s⋅cm⋅°C

c. 1.15 × 10−2 cal/s⋅cm⋅°C

d. 2.3 × 10−4 cal/s⋅cm⋅°C

A 50-g cube of ice, initially at 0.0°C, is dropped into 200 g of water in an 80-g aluminum
container, both initially at 30°C. What is the final equilibrium temperature? (Specific heat for
aluminum is 900 J/kg⋅°C, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C, and Lf = 3.33 × 105
J/kg.)

a. 17.9°C

b. 9.5°C

c. 12.1°C

d. 20.6°C

A 120-g block of copper is taken from a kiln and quickly placed into a beaker containing 300 g
of water. The water temperature rises from 15°C to 35°C. Given cCu = 0.10 cal/g⋅°C, and
cwater = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C, what was the temperature of the kiln?

a. 500°C

b. 360°C

c. 720°C

d. 535°C

125 g of dry ice (solid CO2) is dropped into a beaker containing 500 g of 66°C water. The dry ice
converts directly to gas, leaving the solution. When the dry ice is gone, the final temperature of
the water is 29°C. What is the heat of vaporization of solid CO2? (cwater = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C)
a. 37 cal/g

b. 74 cal/g

c. 111 cal/g

d. 148 cal/g
A piece of copper of mass 100 g is being drilled through with a 1/2" electric drill. The drill
operates at 40.0 W and takes 30.0 s to bore through the copper. If all the energy from the drill
heats the copper, find the copper’s increase in temperature. ccopper = 387 J/kg⋅°C.

a. 40.6 C°

b. 34.7 C°

c. 31.0 C°

d. 27.3 C°

I take 1.0 kg of ice and dump it into 1.0 kg of water and, when equilibrium is reached, I have 2.0
kg of ice at 0°C. The water was originally at 0°C. The specific heat of water = 1.00 kcal/kg⋅°C,
the specific heat of ice = 0.50 kcal/kg⋅°C, and the latent heat of fusion of water is 80 kcal/kg.
The original temperature of the ice was:

a. one or two degrees below 0°C.

b. −80°C.

c. −160°C.

d. The whole experiment is impossible.

How many calories are equal to one BTU? (One calorie = 4.186 J, one BTU = 1 054 J.)

a. 0.252

b. 3.97

c. 252

d. 397
Find the final equilibrium temperature when 10.0 g of milk at 10.0°C is added to 160 g of
coffee at 90.0°C. (Assume the specific heats of coffee and milk are the same as water
and neglect the heat capacity of the container.) cwater = 1.00 cal/g·ºC = 4186 J/kg·ºC
a. 85.3°C

b. 77.7°C

c. 71.4°C

d. 66.7°C
How much heat energy is required to vaporize a 1.0-g ice cube at 0°C? The heat of fusion
of ice is 80 cal/g. The heat of vaporization of water is 540 cal/g, and cwater = 1.00
cal/g⋅°C.

a. 620 cal

b. 720 cal

c. 820 cal

d. 1 kcal

How much heat energy must be removed from 100 g of oxygen at 22°C to liquefy it at
−183°C? (The specific heat of oxygen gas is 0.218 cal/g⋅°C and its heat of vaporization is
50.9 cal/g.)

a. 13 700 cal

b. 9 560 cal

c. 4 320 cal

d. 2 160 cal

100 g of liquid nitrogen at its boiling point of 77 K is stirred into a beaker containing 500 g of

15°C water. If the nitrogen leaves the solution as soon as it turns to gas, how much water
freezes? The heat of vaporization of nitrogen is 48 cal/g and that of water is 80 cal/g.
a. none

b. 29 g

c. 68 g

d. 109 g

A silver bar of length 30 cm and cross-sectional area 1.0 cm2 is used to transfer

heat from a 100°C reservoir to a 0°C block of ice. How much ice is melted per

second? (For silver, k = 427 J/s⋅m⋅°C. For ice, Lf = 334 000 J/kg.)

a. 4.2 g/s
b. 2.1 g/s

c. 0.80 g/s

d. 0.043 g/s

A slice of bread contains about 100 kcal. If specific heat of a person were 1.00 kcal/kg, by how
many C° would the temperature of a 70.0-kg person increase if all the energy in the bread
were converted to heat?

a. 2.25°C

b. 1.86°C

c. 1.43°C

d. 1.00°C

At high noon, the sun delivers 1 000 W to each square meter of a blacktop road. What is the
equilibrium temperature of the hot asphalt, assuming its emissivity e = 1? (σ = 5.67 × 10−8
W/m2⋅K4) .

a. 75°C

b. 84°C

c. 91°C

d. 99°C
A 5-g lead bullet traveling in 20°C air at 300 m/s strikes a flat steel plate and stops. What is
the final temperature of the lead bullet? (Assume the bullet retains all heat.) The melting point
of lead is 327°C. The specific heat of lead is 0.128 J/g⋅°C. The heat of fusion of lead is 24.5
J/g.

a. 227°C

b. 260°C

c. 293°C

d. 327°C
The surface of the Sun has a temperature of about 5 800 K. If the radius of the Sun is 7
× 108 m, determine the power output of the sun. (Take e = 1, and σ = 5.67 × 10−8
W/m2⋅K4).

a. 3.95 × 1026 W

b. 5.17 × 1027 W

c. 9.62 × 1028 W

d. 6.96 × 1030 W

The tungsten filament of a light bulb has an operating temperature of about 2 100 K. If the emitting
area of the filament is 1.0 cm2, and its emissivity is 0.68, what is the power output of the light
bulb? (σ = 5.67 × 10−8 W/m2⋅K4)

a. 100 W

b. 75 W

c. 60 W

d. 40 W

An object at 27°C has its temperature increased to 37°C. The power then radiated by
this object increases by how many percent?

a. 3.3
b. 14

c. 37

d. 253

What temperature increase is necessary to increase the power radiated from an object by a
factor of 8?

a. 8 K

b. 2 K

c. 100%
d. about 68%

A metal bar is used to conduct heat. When the temperature at one end is 100°C and at the other
is 20°C, heat is transferred at a rate of 16 J/s. If the temperature of the hotter end is reduced to
80°C, what will be the rate of heat transfer?

a. 4 J/s

b. 8 J/s

c. 9 J/s

d. 12 J/s

A metal bar is used to conduct heat. When the temperature at one end is 100°C and at the
other is 20°C, heat is transferred at a rate of 16 J/s. The bar is then stretched uniformly to twice
its original length. If again it has ends at 100°C and 20°C, at what rate will heat be transferred
between it ends?

a. 4 J/s

b. 8 J/s

c. 16 J/s

d. 32 J/s
An 80-kg man is one fourth of the way up a 10-m ladder that is resting against a smooth,
frictionless wall. If the ladder has a mass of 30 kg and it makes an angle of 60° with the ground,
find the force of friction of the ground on the foot of the ladder.
Select one:

a. 7.8 × 102 N

b. 2.0 × 102 N Correct

c. 1.7 × 102 N

d. 50 N

What is the total force on the bottom of a 2.0-m-diameter by 2.0-m-deep round wading pool
due to the weight of the air and the weight of the water? (Note the pressure contribution from
the atmosphere is 1.0 × 105 N/m2, the density of water is 1 000 kg/m3, and g = 9.8 m/s2.)
Select one:
a. 3.8 × 105 N Correct

b. 5.3 × 106 N

c. 3.8 × 106 N

d. 2.3 × 105 N

e. 15 × 106 N

For a wave traveling in a string, by what factor would the tension need to be increased to triple
the wave speed?
Select one:

a. 9.0 Correct

b. 1.7

c. 3.0

d. 2.7

A string with fixed ends is made to go into standing wave patterns. At a given tension, the
lowest frequency for which such a pattern exists is 150 Hz. Which of the following frequencies
would also cause a standing wave pattern in this case?
Select one:
a. All of the above frequencies will cause a standing wave pattern in this case.

b. 500 Hz

c. 750 Hz Correct

d. 250 Hz

Of the following heat engines, which has the highest efficiency?

Select one:

a. a truck's diesel engine

b. a Carnot engine Correct

c. a car's gasoline engine

d. Hero's engine
A steel wire, 100 m long at 10°C, has a coefficient of linear expansion of 11 × 10−6/°C. Give its
change in length as the temperature changes from 10°C to 45°C.
Select one:

a. 12 cm

b. 0.65 cm

c. 3.8 cm Correct

d. 5.8 cm

A 2.0-m long piano string of mass 40 g is under a tension of 338 N. Find the speed with
which a wave travels on this string.
Select one:

a. 1040 m/s

b. 130 m/s Correct

c. 260 m/s

d. 520 m/s

A bucket of water with total mass 22 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is wound around a
0.04-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. The bucket is raised to the top of the well and
released. The bucket is
moving with a speed of 7.0 m/s upon hitting the water surface in the well. What is the angular
speed of the cylinder at this instant?
Select one:

a. 494 rad/s

b. 138 rad/s

c. 62 rad/s

d. 44 rad/s

e. 175 rad/s Correct

The quantity "strain" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is
equivalent to:
Select one:

a. M2L−1T−3.
b. a dimensionless quantity. Correct

c. MLT−1.

d. ML−1T−2.

If a nonzero torque is applied to an object, that object will experience:

Select one:

a. a constant angular speed.

b. an angular acceleration. Correct

c. an increasing moment of inertia.

d. a constant moment of inertia.

A 2-m long piano string of mass 10 g is under a tension of 322 N. Find the speed with
which a wave travels on this string.

Select one:

a. 127 m/s

b. 80 m/s
c. 359 m/s

d. 254 m/s Correct

e. 508 m/s

Wave #1 has frequency f1 and wavelength λ1. Wave #2 has frequency f2 = 6 f1 and wavelength
λ2 = 2λ1. How does the speed v2 of wave #2 compare with the speed v1 of wave #1?
Select one:

a. v2 = 6v1

b. v2 = 12v1 Correct

c. v2 = v1/6

d. v2 = 1.5v1

A container is filled with water and the pressure at the container bottom is P. If the container is
instead filled with oil having specific gravity 0.80, what new bottom pressure results?
Select one:

a. This is unable to be determined with the information given.

b. a pressure < P Correct

c. the same pressure P

d. a pressure > P

The position of a 0.66-kg mass undergoing simple harmonic motion is given by x = (0.160 m)
cos (πt/16). What is its position at t = 6.6 s?

Select one:

a. -0.043 m

b. 0.575 m

c. 0.059 m

d. 5.893 m

e. 0.043 m Correct
A 0.12-m radius grinding wheel takes 2.1 s to speed up from 2.0 rad/s to 11.0 rad/s. What is
the wheel's average angular acceleration?
Select one:

a. 1.6 rad/s2

b. 4.3 rad/s2 Correct

c. 0.33 rad/s2

d. 9.6 rad/s2

1.9 kilogram of water at 1.00 atm at the boiling point of 100°C is heated until all the water
vaporizes. What is its change in entropy? (For water, Lv = 2.26 × 106 J/kg)

Select one:

a. 23,024 J/K

b. 15,729 J/K

c. 11,512 J/K Correct

d. 3,837 J/K
e. 5,756 J/K

For a wave on the ocean, the amplitude is:

Select one:

a. one half the height difference between a crest and a trough. Correct

b. how far the wave goes up on the beach.

c. the distance between crests.

d. the height difference between a crest and a trough.

For a standing wave in an air column in a pipe that is open at both ends, there must be

at least: Select one:

a. two nodes and one antinode.

b. two nodes and two antinodes.

c. one node and one antinode.

d. two antinodes and one node. Correct

Which of the following best describes a sound level of intensity 1 W/m2?

Select one:

a. about that of a power mower

b. extremely loud Correct

c. normal conversation

d. like a whisper

A disk has a moment of inertia of 2.8 × 10−4 kg·m2 and rotates with an angular speed of 3.3
rad/sec. What net torque must be applied to bring it to rest within 3.9 s?
Select one:

a. 3.3 × 10−4 N·m

b. 3.6 × 10−4 N·m

c. 4.6 × 10−4 N·m

d. 2.4 × 10−4 N·m Correct

e. 1.4 × 10−4 N·m

Material 1 has Young's modulus Y1 and density ρ1, and material 2 has Young's modulus Y2
and density ρ2. If Y1 is 30% more than Y2 and ρ1 is 30% less than ρ2, which material has the
higher speed of sound and how much higher is it?
Select one:

a. Material 2 has a speed of sound more than 80% higher than material 1.

b. Material 2 has a speed of sound 30% higher than material 1.

c. Material 1 has a speed of sound 30% higher than material 2.

d. Material 1 has a speed of sound more than 35% higher than material 2. Correct

A solid sphere of mass 2.5 kg and radius 0.12 m starts from rest at the top of a ramp inclined
15° and rolls to the bottom. The upper end of the ramp is 1.0 m higher than the lower end.
What is the linear
speed of the sphere when it reaches the bottom of the ramp? (Note: I = 0.4MR2 for a solid
sphere, and g = 9.8 m/s2.)
Select one:

a. 2.6 m/s

b. 3.7 m/s Correct

c. 14.0 m/s

d. 4.4 m/s

If two adjacent frequencies of an organ pipe closed at one end are 515 Hz and 625 Hz, what is
the length of the organ pipe? (vsound = 340 m/s)
Select one:

a. 1.2 m

b. 1.5 m Correct

c. 0.8 m

d. 3.1 m

e. 1.0 m
A bucket filled with water has a mass of 23 kg and is attached to a rope, which in turn, is wound
around a 0.080-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. What torque does the weight of water and
bucket produce on the cylinder if the cylinder is not permitted to rotate? (g = 9.8 m/s2)
Select one:

a. 36 N·m

b. 2 N·m

c. 288 N·m

d. 18 N·m Correct

e. 225 N·m

An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual, while pedaling, can
convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. What minimum power must be
generated if 300 g of water (enough for 1 cup of coffee) is to be heated in 10 min from 30°C to
90°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg · °C)
Select one:

a. 130 W Correct

b. 9400 W

c. 590 W

d. 160 W

A baseball pitcher, loosening up his arm before a game, tosses a 0.15-kg ball using only the
rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. If the ball starts at rest and is
released with a speed of 24 m/s in a time of 0.40 s, what is the average angular acceleration
of the arm and ball?
Select one:

a. 94 rad/s2

b. 0.067 rad/s2

c. 15 rad/s2

d. 190 rad/s2 Correct

Two vibrating tuning forks, held side by side, will create a beat frequency of what value if the
individual frequencies of the two forks are 324 Hz and 308 Hz, respectively?
Select one:

a. 292 Hz
b. 16 Hz Correct

c. 632 Hz

d. 308 Hz

e. 316.0 Hz

Quadrupling the distance between sound source and a listener will change the intensity, as
detected by the listener, by what factor?
Select one:

a. 2.0

b. 1/16 Correct

c. 4

d. 16
e. 0.25

In an isovolumetric process by an ideal gas, the system's heat gain is equivalent to a

change in: Select one:

a. internal energy. Correct

b. temperature.

c. pressure.

d. volume.

If a 2100-kg car was moving at 30 m/s, what would be its kinetic energy expressed in the
unusual (for kinetic energy) units of calories? (1 cal = 4.186 J)
Select one:

a. 3.8 × 106

b. 1.1 × 105

c. 3.0 × 104

d. 2.3 × 105 Correct

The Doppler shift of ultrasonic waves can measure the speed of blood in an artery. If the
frequency of the stationary source is 100 kHz and the reflected sound has a Doppler shift of
300 Hz, what is the blood flow speed? (The speed of sound inside the body is 1500 m/s.)
Select one:

a. 1.0 m/s

b. 2.2 m/s Correct

c. 1.5 m/s

d. 3.3 m/s

The tungsten filament of a light bulb has an operating temperature of about 2,070 K. If the emitting
area of the filament is 0.9 cm2, and its emissivity is 0.68, what is the power output of the light
bulb? (σ = 5.67 × 10−8 W/m2⋅K4)
Select one:

a. 56 W

b. 64 W Correct

c. 637 W

d. 59 W

e. 94 W

A large stone is resting on the bottom of the swimming pool. The normal force of the bottom of
the pool on the stone is equal to the:
Select one:

a. difference between the weight of the stone and the weight of the displaced water.

Correct b. weight of the stone.

c. weight of the water displaced.

d. sum of the weight of the stone and the weight of the displaced water.

Two water waves meet at the same point, one having a displacement above equilibrium of 60
cm and the other having a displacement above equilibrium of 40 cm. At this moment, what is
the resulting displacement above equilibrium?
Select one:

a. 70 cm
b. 140 cm

c. 100 cm Correct

d. Information about the amplitudes needs to be given to find an answer.

Dmitri places one end of a copper rod in a heat reservoir and the other end in a heat sink. By
what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the temperature difference between the
reservoir and sink is doubled?
Select one:

a. 1/2

b. 2.0 Correct
c. 4.0

d. ¼

A bucket of water with total mass 21.0 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is wound around a
0.050-m radius cylinder, with crank, at the top of a well. The moment of inertia of the cylinder
and crank is 0.21 kgm2. The bucket is raised to the top of the well and released to fall back into
the well. What is the kinetic energy of the cylinder and crank at the instant the bucket is moving
with a speed of 5.0 m/s?
Select one:

a. 263 J

b. 1 050 J Correct

c. 441 J

d. 10 000 J

In cloud formation, water vapor turns into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it
rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to:
Select one:

a. get cooler.

b. will not affect the temperature of the air in the clouds.

c. get warmer. Correct

d. There is no air in clouds.

A buzzer with frequency f0 is thrown straight upwards. On the buzzer's trip down, what is the
frequency behavior heard by an observer below?
Select one:

a. The frequency is a decreasing one less than f0.

b. The frequency is an increasing one greater than f0. Correct

c. The frequency heard is still f0.

d. The frequency is a constant one greater than f0.

A relatively new medical device that uses ultrasonics is referred to by the acronym CUSA. What
does the letter A stand for?
Select one:

a. array

b. audible

c. accumulator

d. aspirator Correct

Think of Bernoulli's equation as it pertains to an ideal fluid flowing through a horizontal pipe.
Imagine that you take measurements along the pipe in the direction of fluid flow. What happens
to the sum of the pressure and energy per unit volume?
Select one:

a. No choices above are valid.

b. It increases as the pipe diameter increases.

c. It remains constant as the pipe diameter increases. Correct

d. It decreases as the pipe diameter increases.

How deep under the surface of a lake would the pressure be double that at the surface? (1 atm
= 1.01 × 105 Pa)
Select one:

a. 1.00 m

b. 32.2 m

c. 10.3 m Correct

d. 9.80 m
Quintupling the power output from a speaker emitting a single frequency will result in what
increase in loudness?
Select one:

a. 7.0 dB Correct

b. 2 dB

c. 16.1 dB

d. 1 dB
e. 6 dB

Which of the following is not a vector quantity?

a. temperature

b. velocity

c. acceleration

d. displacement

In one-dimensional motion, the average speed of an object that moves from one place to
another and then back to its original place has which of the following properties?
a. It is positive.

b. It is negative.

c. It is zero.

d. It can be positive, negative, or zero.

A cheetah can run at approximately 30 m/s and a gazelle at 25 m/s. If both animals are
running at full speed, with the gazelle 50.0 m ahead, how long before the cheetah catches
its prey?
a. 10 s

b. 25 s

c. 30 s

d. 50 s

Jeff throws a ball straight up. For which situation is the vertical velocity zero?
a. on the way up

b. at the top

c. on the way back down

d. none of the above

In the case of constant acceleration, the average velocity equals the instantaneous velocity:
a. at the beginning of the time interval.

b. at the end of the time interval.

c. half-way through the time interval.

d. three-fourths of the way through the time interval.

A rock is thrown straight up with an initial velocity of 19.6 m/s. What time interval elapses
between the rock's being thrown and its return to the original launch point? (Acceleration due
to gravity is 9.80 m/s².)
a. 4.00 s

b. 5.00 s

c. 8.00 s

d. 10.0 s

Human reaction time is usually about 0.20 s. If your lab partner holds a ruler between your
finger and thumb and releases it without warning, how far can you expect the ruler to fall
before you catch it? The nearest value is:
a. 4.0 cm. c. 16 cm.

b. 9.8 cm. d. 20 cm.

Vector A is 3 m long and vector B is 4 m long. The length of the sum of the vectors

must be: a. 5 m.

b. 7 m.

c. 12 m.

d. some value from 1 m to 7 m.

A plane is moving due north, directly towards its destination. Its airspeed is 200 mph. A
constant breeze is blowing from west to east at 40 mph. How long will it take for the plane to
travel 200 miles north?
a. one hour

b. more than one hour

c. less than one hour

d. more information is needed

A 7.0-kg bowling ball experiences a net force of 7.0 N. What will be its

acceleration? a. 36 m/s²

b. 7.0 m/s²

c. 5.0 m/s²

d. 1.0 m/s²

As I slide a box at constant speed up a frictionless slope, pulling parallel to the slope, the
tension in the rope will be:
a. greater than the tension would be if the box were stationary.

b. greater than the weight of the box.

c. equal to the weight of the box.

d. less than the weight of the box.

I use a rope 2.00 m long to swing a 10.0-kg weight around my head with constant angular
velocity, in an exact circle. The tension in the rope is 20.0 N. In half a revolution how much
work is done by the rope on the weight?
a. 40.0 J

b. 126 J

c. 251 J

d. 0

When an object is dropped from a tower, what is the effect of the air resistance as

it falls? a. does positive work

b. increases the object's kinetic energy

c. increases the object's potential energy

d. None of the above choices are valid.

Two blocks are released from the top of a building. One falls straight down while the other slides
down a smooth ramp. If all friction is ignored, which one is moving faster when it reaches the
bottom?
a. The block that went straight down.
b. The block that went down the ramp.

c. They both will have the same speed.

d. Insufficient information to work the problem.

A Hooke's law spring is compressed a distance d and is used to launch a mass m vertically to
a height h above its starting position. Under double the compression, the spring is now used
to launch the mass. How high does the mass now rise above its starting position?
a. 2 h

b. 1.41 h

c. 3 h

d. 4 h

A force of 5.0 N is applied to a 20-kg mass on a horizontal frictionless surface. As the speed of
the mass increases at a constant acceleration, the power delivered to it by the force:
a. remains the same.

b. increases.

c. decreases.

d. doubles every 4.0 seconds.

A ball with original momentum +4.0 kg m/s hits a wall and bounces straight back without
losing any kinetic energy. The change in momentum of the ball is:
a. 0.

b. -4.0 kg m/s.

c. 8.0 kg m/s.

d. -8.0 kg m/s.
 PHYSICS LA 8
A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.025
rad/s . What is the time interval required for it to reach a 10-rad
2

displacement after starting from rest?

Select one:
a. 2.0 s

b. 56 s

c. 18 s

d. 28 s

Correct

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A 0.20-m radius grinding wheel starts at rest and develops an angular speed
of 12.0 rad/s in 4.0 s. What is the average tangential acceleration of a point
on the wheel's edge?

Select one:
a. 14 m/s 2

b. 28 m/s 2

c. 0.60 m/s 2

Correct
d. 0.45 m/s 2

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A bank vault is opened by applying a force of 300 N perpendicular to the

plane of the door, 1.2 m from the hinges. Find the torque due to this force
about an axis through the hinges.

Select one:
a. 300 N·m

b. 660 N·m

c. 360 N·m

Correct
d. 330 N·m

e. 250 N·m

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The torque caused by a force F applied at a distance r from the axis of
rotation, is given by τ = rF sinθ, where θ is the angle between and . If the
magnitudes r and F remain the same,

what other angle θ' will produce the same torque as was produced at angle θ if θ was less
than 90°?
Select one:
a. θ' = 90° - θ

b. None of the above.

c. θ' = 90° + θ
d. θ' = 180° - θ
Correct

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Question text

A 0.300-kg object is swung in a circular path and in a vertical plane on a

0.500-m length string. If the angular speed at the bottom is 8.00 rad/s, what
is the tension in the string when the object is at the bottom of the circle?

Select one:
a. 12.54 N
Correct
b. 9.6 N
c. 25.08 N
d. 23.52 N
e. 41.34 N

Feedback
The correct answer is: 12.5

PHYSICS SQ 8
A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right
angles to make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.90 m long and each ball on
the end is 0.20 kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of
inertia if the arrangement is spun around an axis through the center
perpendicular to both rods?

Select one:
a. 0.16 kg·m 2

Correct
b. 0.096 kg·m 2

c. 0.075 kg·m 2

d. 0.064 kg·m 2

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A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.036

rad/s . What is its angular speed at the instant it goes through an angular
2

displacement of 10 rad?

Select one:
a. 0.60 rad/s
b. 2.68 rad/s
c. 0.72 rad/s
d. 0.36 rad/s
e. 0.85 rad/s
Correct

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1300 rev/min is equivalent to which of the following?

Select one:
a. 60 rad/s
b. 136 rad/s
Correct
c. 2600 rad/s
d. 273 rad/s

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A 0.30-m radius automobile tire rotates how many rad after starting
from rest and accelerating at a constant 4.0 rad/s over a 3.0-s
2

interval?

Select one:
a. 40 rad
b. 10.8 rad
c. 36 rad
d. 18 rad
Correct
e. 5.4 rad

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A 0.20-m radius grinding wheel starts at rest and develops an angular speed
of 9 rad/s in 3 s. What is the average tangential acceleration of a point on
the wheel's edge?

Select one:
a. 0.6 m/s 2

Correct
b. 45.0 m/s 2

c. 1.2 m/s 2

d. 1.8 m/s 2

e. 27 m/s 2

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A meterstick is supported by a knife-edge at the 50-cm mark. Doug hangs
masses of 0.40 and 0.60 kg from the 35-cm and 80-cm marks, respectively.
Where should Doug hang a third mass of 0.30 kg to keep the stick
balanced?

Select one:
a. 10 cm
Correct
b. 20 cm
c. 70 cm
d. 30 cm

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A bucket in an old well is hoisted upward by a rope which winds up on a

cylinder having a radius of 0.050 m. How many rev/s must the cylinder
turn if the bucket is raised at a speed of 0.20 m/s?

Select one:
a. 0.48 rev/s
b. 0.64 rev/s
Correct
c. 1.5 rev/s
d. 3.0 rev/s
Feedback
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A ventilation fan has blades 0.25 m in radius rotating at 30 rpm. What is

the tangential speed of each blade tip?

Select one:
a. 20 m/s
b. 0.79 m/s
Correct
c. 0.52 m/s
d. 0.02 m/s

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Which of the first units given below can be units for angular acceleration
while the second units can be units for angular velocity?

Select one:
a.
b.
c.
Correct
d.

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A 0.40-m radius automobile tire accelerates from rest at a constant 4.0 rad/s 2

over a 10.0 s interval. What is the tangential component of acceleration for

a point on the outer edge of the tire during the 10.0-s interval?

Select one:
a. 1.02 m/s 2

b. 5.03 m/s 2

c. 1.6 m/s 2
Correct
d. 10.05 m/s 2

e. 3.2 m/s 2

Feedback
The correct answer is: 1.6 m/s 2

PHYSICS LA 9

A hoop, a solid sphere, and a solid cylinder each have the same mass,
radius, and initial speed and are going up the same inclined plane. Which
one goes the farthest?

Select one:
a. All go the same distance.
b. the sphere
c. the hoop
d. the cylinder

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Which of the following characterizes the net force on a particle falling
through a fluid at its terminal speed?

Select one:
a. It is at a maximum.
b. It is zero.
c. It is downwards.
d. It is upwards.

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Question text
A Boeing-737 airliner has a mass of 20 300 kg. The total area of the wings
is 105 m . What must be the pressure difference between the top and
2

bottom of the wings to keep the airplane up?

Select one:
a. 1 795 Pa
b. 1 895 Pa
Correct
c. 193 Pa
d. 20 Pa
e. 1 905 Pa

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Question text
9.4 Angular Momentum and Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion

A 2.0-kg mass in the xy plane is moving in the negative x direction at 3.0 m/s
along the line y = 5.0 m. As the mass passes across the y axis (i.e., passing
the point (x, y = 0, 5.0 m)), what is its angular momentum with respect to the
z axis?

Select one:
a. −30 SI units
b. 30 SI units
Correct
c. 150 SI units
d. −150 SI units

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Question text
An initially installed flywheel can store 10 J of kinetic energy when rotating at
6

300 rad/s. It is replaced by another flywheel of the same size but made of a
stronger material. If its mass is the same as that of the original, and it is now
capable of achieving a rotational speed of 445 rad/s, what maximum energy
can be stored?

Select one:
a. 2.12E+5 J
b. 1.00E+6 J
c. 1.51E+3 J
d. 2.20E+6 J

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The correct answer is: 2.20E+6 J

PHYSICS SQ 9

A centrifuge rotates at 100 rev/s (i.e., 628 rad/s). If the test tube places the
suspension at 9.0 cm from the axis of rotation, by what factor are the
terminal speeds of the settling particles increased as compared
to sedimentation cause by gravity?

Select one:
a. 3.6 × 10 3

Correct
b. 4.6 × 10 3

c. 5.7 × 10 5

d. 35.5
e. 362.2

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Question text
Water is sent from a fire hose at 25 m/s at an angle of 30° above the
horizontal. What is the maximum height reached by the water?
Select one:
a. 32 m
b. 156 m
c. 4 m
d. 16 m
e. 8 m
Correct

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A uniform solid sphere rolls down an incline of height 3 m after starting from
rest. In order to calculate its speed at the bottom of the incline, one needs to
know:

Select one:
a. the mass and the radius of the sphere.
b. no more than is given in the problem.
Correct
c. the mass of the sphere.
d. the radius of the sphere.

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A cube of wood of density 0.78 g/cm is 10 cm on a side. When placed in
3

water, what height of the block will float above the surface? (water density =
1.00 g/cm ) 3

Select one:
a. 7.8 cm
b. 1.2 cm
c. 2.2 cm
Correct
d. 10 cm
e. 3.2 cm

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An ideal fluid flows through a pipe made of two sections with diameters of 1.0 and 4.0
inches,
respectively. The speed of the fluid flow through the 4.0-inch section
will be what factor times that through the 1.0-inch section?

Select one:
a.
Correct
b. 8
c. 16
d. 15
e.

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A solid sphere, a solid cylinder, and a hoop each have the same mass and
radius. If they are spinning at the same angular velocity, which one has
the greatest rotational kinetic energy?

Select one:
a. They all have the same rotational kinetic energy.
b. the hoop
Correct
c. the sphere
d. the cylinder

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A blimp is filled with 400 m of helium. How big a payload can the balloon
3

lift? (The density of air is 1.29 kg/m ; the density of helium is 0.18 kg/m .)
3 3

Select one:
a. 444 kg
Correct
b. 360 kg
c. 516 kg
d. 72 kg
e. 588 kg

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A hoop, solid sphere, and solid cylinder each have the same mass and
same radius. When rolling down the same incline, which has the greatest
torque from gravity on it?

Select one:
a. the hoop
b. the sphere
c. the cylinder
d. They all have the same torque.
Correct

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Question text
What volume of water is displaced by a submerged 2.5-kg cylinder made of
solid aluminum? (aluminum density = 2.7 × 10 kg/m and water density = 1.0
3 3

× 10 kg/m )
3 3

Select one:
a. 0.9 × 10 m 3 3
b. 9.3 × 10 m−4 3

Correct
c. 92.6 × 10 m −4 3

d. 8.3 × 10 m3 3

e. 0.7 × 10 m3 3

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Question text
9.4 Angular Momentum and Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion

The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an

elliptical orbit. Compare the motion at the point nearest the Earth (perigee)
to the motion at the point farthest from the Earth (apogee). At the point
closest to the Earth:

Select one:
a. the speed will be greatest although the angular speed will be the same.
b. the angular speed will be greatest although the linear speed will be the same.
c. the kinetic energy and angular momentum will both be greater.
d. None of the above.
Correct

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The correct answer is: None of the above

PHYSICS LA 10
11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

The position of a 0.64-kg mass undergoing simple harmonic motion is given

by x = (0.120 m) cos (πt/16). What is the maximum net force on the mass as
it oscillates?
Select one:
a. 3.0 × 10 N −3

Correct
b. 4.7 N
c. 0.98 × 10 N −3

d. 7.4 × 10 N −3

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−3

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11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

By what factor should the length of a simple pendulum be changed if the

period of vibration were to be quadrupled?

Select one:
a. 4.0
b. 1/16
c. 16
Correct
d. 0.25

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Carly places one end of a steel bar in a Bunsen flame and the other end in
an ice cube. By what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the bar's
cross-sectional area is doubled?
Select one:
a. 1/4
b. 1/2
c. 2
Correct
d. 4.0

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A person has a thermal conductivity of 0.18 W/m·K between his inner core
and his skin with an effective shell thickness of 1.6 cm between his core and
skin. If his inner core is at the normal 98.6°F, and his skin has a surface area
of 1.62 m , what will be his rate of loss of thermal energy due to conduction
2

through his skin if his skin temperature is 26.0°C?

Select one:
a. 125 W
b. 321 W
c. 325 W
d. 200 W
Correct
e. 132 W

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Question text
Inside a house, stepping on a tile floor barefooted may feel almost cold,
but stepping on carpet in an adjacent room feels comfortably warm.
Why is this?

Select one:
a. It's because the thermal conductivity of carpet is less than that of tile.
Correct
b. It's because the thermal conductivity of tile is less than that of carpet.
c. It's because the tile is at room temperature while carpet is normally warmer.
d. It's because the tile is below room temperature while the carpet is at room temperature.

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The correct answer is: It's because the thermal conductivity of carpet is less than that of tile
PHYSICS SQ 10

. 11.1 General Features of Harmonic Motion

The position of a 0.64-kg mass undergoing simple harmonic motion is given

by x = (0.160 m) cos (πt/16). What is its position at t = 6.0 s?
Select one:
a. 0.061 m
Correct
b. 0.089 m
c. 0.159 m
d. 0.160 m

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Question text
The emissivity of an ideal reflector has which of the following values?
Select one:
a. 100
b. 1
c. infinity
d. 0
Correct

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Question text
A solar heating system has a 25.0% conversion efficiency; the solar radiation
incident on the panels is 950 W/m . What is the increase in temperature of
2

26.0 kg of water in a 1.00-h period by a 3.00-m -area collector? (c = 4 186

2
w

J/kg⋅°C)

Select one:
a. 17.7°C
b. 7.9°C
c. 23.6°C
Correct
d. 47.1°C
e. 94.3°C

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Question text
11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

What are the base SI units for the torsion constant ?

Select one:
a.
Correct
b.
c.
d.

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The use of fiberglass insulation in the outer walls of a building is
intended to minimize heat transfer through the wall by what process?

Select one:
a. conduction
Correct
b. vaporization
c. radiation
d. convection
Feedback
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Iced tea is made by adding ice to 1.7 kg of hot tea, initially at 80°C. How
many kg of ice, initially at 0°C, are required to bring the mixture to 10°C? (L
f

= 3.33 × 10 J/kg, c = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)

5
w

Select one:
a. 0.9 kg
b. 1.5 kg
c. 1.1 kg
d. 1.7 kg
e. 1.3 kg
Correct

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Question text
A puddle holds 190 g of water. If 1.1 g of water evaporates from the
surface, what is the approximate temperature change of the remaining
water? (L = 540 cal/g)
v

Select one:
a. −3.1 C°
Correct
b. +3.1 C°
c. −0.31 C°
d. +0.31 C°

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11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

By what factor must one change the weight suspended vertically from a
spring coil in order to double its period of simple harmonic motion?

Select one:
a. 2
b. 1/4
c. 4
Correct
d. 1/2

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Who demonstrated that when heat is gained or lost by a system during some
process, the gain or loss can be accounted for by an equivalent quantity of
mechanical work done on the system?

Select one:
a. Kelvin
b. Boltzmann
c. Joule
Correct
d. Thompson, Count Rumford

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A 140-g block of copper is taken from a kiln and quickly placed into a beaker
of negligible heat capacity containing 450 g of water. The water
temperature rises from 10°C to 35°C. Given c = 0.10 cal/g⋅°C, and c =
Cu water

1.00 cal/g⋅°C, what was the temperature of the kiln?

Select one:
a. 1,481°C
b. 115°C
c. 1,154°C
d. 769°C
e. 839°C
Correct

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The correct answer is: 839°C
PHYSICS LA 11

Calories of the food type are equal to which of the following?

Select one:
a. 4.186 J
b. 4 186 J
Correct
c. 1 BTU
d. 1054 J

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How many calories are equal to one BTU? (One calorie = 4.186 J, one BTU = 1 054 J.)
Select one:
a. 0.252
b. 252
Correct
c. 3.97
d. 397

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Question text
11.1 General Features of Harmonic Motion

The position of a 0.64-kg mass undergoing simple harmonic motion is given

by x = (0.160 m) cos (πt/8). What is its period of oscillation?

Select one:
a. 100 s
b. 16 s
Correct
c. 32 s
d. 8.0 s

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Question text
11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

Three identical springs, each with spring constant k, are attached in parallel
to a mass, which is then set into simple harmonic motion. What would be
the spring constant of a single spring which would result in the same
frequency of oscillation as the parallel springs?

Select one:
a. k
b. 3k
Correct
c.
d. k/3

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The inside of a house is at 20°C on an early morning when the temperature
outside is 15°C. The next morning the inside temperature is the same but
the outside temperature is now 10°C. How much does the energy per unit
time lost by conduction through the walls, windows, doors, etc., change for
the house from the first morning to the second one?

Select one:
a. The loss increases by 5/288 since we need to use the Kelvin scale for this calculation.
b. The loss doubles.
Correct
c. The loss halves.
d. Since the inside temperature stays the same, the loss is the same both days.

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The correct answer is: The loss doubles.

PHYSICS SQ 11

An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual, while

pedaling, can convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming
water. How much mechanical energy is required to increase the temperature
of 300 g of water (enough for 1 cup of coffee) from 24°C to 95°C? (1 cal =
4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)

Select one:
a. 89,000 J
Correct
b. 1,000 J
c. 22,000 J
d. 45,000 J
e. 21 J

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Question text
A piece of copper of mass 160 g is being drilled through with a / " electric
1
2

drill. The drill operates at 25.0 W and takes 25.0 s to bore through the
copper. If all the energy from the drill heats the copper, find the copper's
increase in temperature. c = 387 J/kg⋅°C.
copper

Select one:
a. 20.2 C°
b. 7.6 C°
c. 15.2 C°
d. 10.1 C°
Correct
e. 12.6 C°

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Question text
A slice of bread contains about 150 kcal. If specific heat of a person were
1.00 kcal/kg⋅°C, by how many °C would the temperature of a 70.0-kg person
increase if all the energy in the bread were converted to heat?
Select one:
a. 1.07°C
b. 2.14°C
Correct
c. 2.68°C
d. 1.61°C
e. 4.29°C

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Marc attaches a falling 500-kg object with a rope through a pulley to a paddle
wheel shaft. He places the system in a well-insulated tank holding 35 kg of
water. When the object falls, it causes the paddle wheel to rotate and churn
the water. If the object falls a vertical distance of 90 m at constant speed, what
is the
temperature change of the water? (1 kcal = 4 186 J, the specific heat of
water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C, and g = 9.8 m/s ) 2

Select one:
a. 6 C°
b. 3,000 C°
c. 3.0 C°
Correct
d. 0.6 C°
e. 10,800 C°

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A 4-g lead bullet traveling in 20°C air at 290 m/s strikes a flat steel plate
and stops. What is the final temperature of the lead bullet? (Assume the
bullet retains all heat.) The melting point of lead is 327°C. The specific
heat of lead is 0.128 J/g⋅°C. The heat of fusion of lead is 24.5 J/g.

Select one:
a. 419°C
b. 327°C
Correct
c. 349°C
d. 262°C
e. 175°C

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Question text
A machine gear consists of 0.1 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much
total heat is generated in the part if its temperature increases by 28 C°?
(Specific heats of iron and copper are 450 and 390 J/kg⋅°C, respectively.)

Select one:
a. 3,000 J
Correct
b. 1,300 J
c. 3,300 J
d. 2,800 J
e. 1,700 J

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11.3 Harmonic Motion and Energy

A 0.20-kg block rests on a frictionless, level surface and is attached to a

horizontally aligned spring with a spring constant of 80 N/m. The block is
initially displaced 4.0 cm from the equilibrium point and then released to set
up a simple harmonic motion. What is the speed of the block when it passes
through the equilibrium point?

Select one:
a. 0.57 m/s
b. 1.6 m/s
c. 0.80 m/s
Correct
d. 2.1 m/s

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11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

An object is attached to a spring, and its frequency of oscillation is

measured. Then another object is connected to the first object, and the
resulting mass is nine times the original value. By what factor is
the frequency of oscillation changed?

Select one:
a. 1/9
b. 1/3
Correct
c. 3
d. 9

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11.3 Harmonic Motion and Energy
I attach a 2.0-kg block to a spring that obeys Hooke's Law and supply 4.0 J
of energy to stretch the spring. I release the block; it oscillates with period
0.30 s. The amplitude is:

Select one:
a. 9.5 cm.
Correct
b. 4.3 cm.
c. 19 cm.
d. 38 cm.

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11.3 Harmonic Motion and Energy

A runaway railroad car, with mass 30 × 10 kg, coasts across a level track at
4

2.0 m/s when it collides with a spring-loaded bumper at the end of the track.
If the spring constant of the bumper is 4.0 × 10 N/m, what is the maximum
6
compression of the spring during the collision? (Assume the collision is
elastic.)
Select one:
a. 0.34 m
b. 0.77 m
c. 0.55 m
Correct
d. 1.07 m

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PHYSICS LONG QUIZ 3

An ideal fluid, of density 0.85 × 10 kg/m , flows at 0.27 kg/s through a pipe
3 3

of radius 0.018 m. What is the fluid speed?

Select one:
a. 1.16 m/s
b. 3.09 m/s
c. 0.0028 m/s
d. 265.26 m/s
e. 0.31 m/s
Correct

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Question text
11.1 General Features of Harmonic Motion

A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.0

Hz and an amplitude of 8.0 cm. If a timer is started when its displacement
from equilibrium is a maximum (hence x = 8 cm when t = 0), what is the
displacement of the mass when t = 3.7 s?

Select one:
a. 0.049 m
b. zero
c. 0.080 m
d. 0.025 m
Correct

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If a nonzero torque is applied to an object, that object will experience:

Select one:
a. a constant angular speed.
b. an angular acceleration.
Correct
c. an increasing moment of inertia.
d. a constant moment of inertia.

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A box slides down a frictionless incline, and a hoop rolls down another
incline. Both inclines have the same height, and both the box and the hoop
have the same mass. If both objects start from rest, upon reaching the
bottom of the incline which one will have the greater kinetic energy and
which one will have the greater speed?

Select one:
a. Both will have the same kinetic energy, but the box will have the greater speed.
Correct
b. The box will have both the greater kinetic energy and the greater speed.
c. The hoop will have both the greater kinetic energy and the greater speed.
d. Both will have the same kinetic energy, but the hoop will have the greater speed.

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An astronaut is on a 100-m lifeline outside a spaceship, circling the ship
with an angular speed of 0.100 rad/s. How far inward can she be pulled
before the centripetal acceleration reaches 4g = 39.2 m/s ?2

Select one:
a. 50.0 m
b. 72.7 m
c. 89.9 m
d. 70.6 m
Correct
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A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn, is

wound around a 0.080-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. A crank with a
turning radius of 0.5 m is attached to the end of the cylinder. What minimum
force directed perpendicular to the crank handle is required to just raise
the bucket? (Assume the rope's mass is negligible, that the cylinder turns on
frictionless bearings, and that g = 9.8 m/s .)
2

Select one:
a. 1409 N
b. 36 N
Correct
c. 451 N
d. 9 N
e. 4 N

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In order to overcome a surface tension of a fluid, a force of 1.35 × 10 N is
−2

required to lift a wire ring of circumference 12.0 cm. What is the surface
tension of the fluid?
Select one:
a. 0.056 N/m
Correct
b. 0.113 N/m
c. 16.2 N/m
d. 0.556 N/m
e. 5.625 N/m

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The quantity "pressure" expressed in terms of the fundamental
quantities (mass, length, time) is equivalent to:

Select one:
a. M L T .
2 −1 −3

b. a dimensionless quantity.
c. MLT . −1

d. ML T . −1 −2

Correct

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−1 −2

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A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.020

rad/s . What is the time interval required for it to reach a 8-rad displacement
2

after starting from rest?

Select one:
a. 0.16 s
b. 80 s
c. 40 s
d. 28 s
Correct
e. 20 s

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9.4 Angular Momentum and Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion

The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an

elliptical orbit. Compare the motion of the satellite at the point nearest the
Earth (perigee) to the motion at the point farthest from the Earth (apogee).
At these two points:
Select one:
a. the angular momenta are the same.
Correct
b. the angular velocities are the same.
c. the tangential velocities are the same.
d. the kinetic energies are the same.

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A 3.0-kg mass is placed at (4.0, 5.0) m, and a 6.0-kg mass is placed at (4.0,
−5.0) m. What is the moment of inertia of this system of masses about the z
axis?
Select one:
a. 144 kg·m 2

b. 36 kg·m 2

c. 45 kg·m 2

d. 369 kg·m 2

Correct
e. 225 kg·m 2

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A woman who weighs 500 N stands on an 8.0 m long board that weighs 100
N. The board is supported at each end. The support force at the right end is
2 times the support force at the left end. How far from the right end is the
woman standing?

Select one:
a. 2.4 m
b. 4.0 m
c. 1.6 m
Correct
d. 2.7 m
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A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right
angles to make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.60 m long and each ball on
the end is 0.10 kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of inertia
if the arrangement is spun around an axis formed by one of the batons?

Select one:
a. 0.036 kg·m 2

b. 0.054 kg·m 2

c. 0.06 kg·m 2

d. 0.018 kg·m 2

Correct
e. 0.12 kg·m 2

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If one's hands are being warmed by holding them to one side of a flame,
the predominant form of heat transfer is what process?

Select one:
a. convection
b. conduction
c. radiation
Correct
d. vaporization

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A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 7.0 kg-mass is placed at (3.0,
−4.0) m. What is the moment of inertia of this system of masses about the z
axis?
Select one:
a. 180 kg·m 2

b. 275 kg·m 2

Correct
c. 90 kg·m 2

d. 250 kg·m 2

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A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.15-kg ball
using only the rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball.
If the ball starts at rest and is released with a speed of 24 m/s in a time of
0.40 s, what torque is applied to the ball while being held by the pitcher's
hand to produce the angular acceleration?

Select one:
a. 1.1 N·m
b. 11 N·m
c. 1.4 N·m
d. 2.9 N·m
Correct

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A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.50 rad/s,

accelerates over a 4.0-s interval at a rate of 0.10 rad/s . What angular
2

displacement does the Ferris wheel undergo in this 7.00-s interval?

Select one:
a. 2.20 rad
b. 3.60 rad
c. 0.80 rad
d. 2.80 rad
Correct
e. 2.40 rad

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The Garfield Thomas water tunnel at Pennsylvania State University has a
circular cross-section that constricts from a diameter of 3.6 m to the test
section, which is 1.2 m in diameter. If the speed of flow is 4.0 m/s in the
large-diameter pipe, determine the speed of flow in the test section.

Select one:
a. 5 m/s
b. 38 m/s
c. 36 m/s
Correct
d. 0.4 m/s
e. 4 m/s

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The condition for onset of turbulent flow is that the Reynolds Number reaches what value?
Select one:
a. 2 000
b. 1 000
c. 3 000
Correct
d. 4 000

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A 0.30-m radius automobile tire rotates how many rad after starting
from rest and accelerating at a constant 3.0 rad/s over a 5.0-s
2

interval?

Select one:
a. 37 rad
Correct
b. 0.50 rad
c. 25 rad
d. 12 rad

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Water (density = 1 × 10 kg/m ) flows at 15.5 m/s through a pipe with radius
3 3

0.040 m.The pipe goes up to the second floor of the building, 3.5 m higher,
and the pressure remains unchanged. What is the speed of the water flow in
the pipe on the second floor?

Select one:
a. 7 m/s
b. 18 m/s
c. 13 m/s
Correct
d. 14 m/s
e. 172 m/s

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Two hoops or rings (I = MR ) are centered, lying on a turntable. The smaller
2

ring has radius = 0.05 m; the larger has radius = 0.1 m. Both have a mass of
5.0 kg. What is the total moment of inertia as the turntable spins? Ignore the
mass of the turntable.

Select one:
a. 0.0125 kg·m 2

b. 0.75 kg·m 2

c. 0.1125 kg·m 2

d. 0.0625 kg·m 2

Correct
e. 0.05 kg·m 2

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A meterstick is supported by a knife-edge at the 50-cm mark. Doug hangs

masses of 0.40 and 0.60 kg from the 5-cm and 70-cm marks, respectively.
Where should Doug hang a third mass of 0.20 kg to keep the stick
balanced?

Select one:
a. 10 cm
b. 50 cm
c. 20 cm
d. 80 cm
Correct
e. 90 cm

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Question text
9.4 Angular Momentum and Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion

An astronomical unit (AU) is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun.
An comet in orbit around the Sun has a perihelion (near point to the Sun) of
0.50 AU and an aphelion (far point from the Sun) of 5.0 AU. If the comet's
orbital speed at aphelion is v, what is its speed at perihelion?

Select one:
a. 5.5v
b. 4.5v
c. 11v
d. 10v
Correct

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11.4 Stress, Strain, and Hooke's Law

A 2.0 cm 2.0 cm steel rod of length 80 cm has its left end clamped and a force of

applied perpendicular to its length at its right end. By how much does the
right end shift from its original position? For steel Young's modulus is , the
bulk modulus is , and the shear modulus

is .
Select one:
a.
b. More information is needed.
c.
d.
Correct

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A spool of thread has an average radius of 1.00 cm. If the spool contains 126
m of thread, how many turns of thread are on the spool? "Average radius"
allows us to not need to treat the layering of threads on lower layers.

Select one:
a. 62,800
b. 2000
Correct
c. 1000
d. 100

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A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 500
kg/m and the other having density of 5 500 kg/m . If the object contains
3 3

equal masses of the materials, what is its average density?

Select one:
a. 8 000 kg/m 3

b. 4 438 kg/m 3

Incorrect
c. 4 000 kg/m 3

d. 3 438 kg/m 3

e. more information is needed

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Question text

A uniform rod of length L and weight W is placed on a fulcrum a distance of

0.2L from the left end. On the left end is placed a mass of weight 3W and
on the right end a vertical force F is applied to keep the system in balance.
What are the magnitude and direction of the force F?

Select one:
a. W, up
b. W, down
c. W, up
Incorrect
d. 0.6W, down
e. W, down

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Dams at two different locations are needed to form a lake. When the lake is
filled, the water level will be at the top of both dams. The Dam #2 is twice as
high and twice as wide as Dam #1. How much greater is the force of the
water on Dam #2 than the force on Dam #1? (Ignore atmospheric pressure;
it is pushing on both sides of the dams.)

Select one:
a. 16
b. 8
Correct
c. 2
d. 4

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A fountain sends water to a height of 100 m. What must be the
pressurization (above atmospheric) of the underground water system? (1
atm = 10 N/m )
5 2

Select one:
a. 1 atm
b. 10.8 atm
c. 0.1 atm
d. 9.8 atm
Correct
e. 44.3 atm

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PHYSICS LA 12

When considering human metabolism in terms of the 1 Law of

st

Thermodynamics, which of the following represents the metabolic rate?

Select one:
a. ΔQ / Δt
b. ΔW / Δt
c. W / Δt
d. ΔU / Δt
Correct

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On a P-V diagram, an ____ process is represented by a horizontal line.

Select one:
a. isothermal
b. isobaric
c. adiabatic
d. isovolumetric

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12.8 Standing Waves

A C note (f = 128 Hz) is sounded on a piano. If the length of the piano wire is
1.00 m and its mass density is 5.00 g/m, what is the tension in the wire?

Select one:
a. 84 N
b. 328 N
Correct
c. 1310 N
d. 655 N

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Question text
The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between 97°C and 0°C is most nearly:

Select one:
a. 52%.
b. 80%.
c. 9%.
d. 13%.
e. 26%.
Correct

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12.8 Standing Waves

The lowest A on a piano has a frequency of 27.5 Hz. If the tension in the
2.0-m long string is 151 N and one-half wavelength occupies the string,
what is the mass of the string?

Select one:
a. 100 g
b. 37 g
c. 25 g
Correct
d. 50 g

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The correct answer is: 25 g
PHYSICS SQ 12

An electrical generating plant operates at a boiler temperature of 223°C and

exhausts the unused heat into a nearby river at 20°C. If the generating plant
has a power output of 890 megawatts (MW) and if the actual efficiency is 3/4
the theoretical efficiency, how much heat per second must be delivered to
the boiler? (0°C = 273 K)

Select one:
a. 2,899 MW
b. 8,698 MW
c. 4,349 MW
d. 2,175 MW
e. 1,713 MW

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A 4-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it
expands and does 24 J of work on its environment. How much heat is
received by the system?

Select one:
a. zero
b. +6 J
c. −6 J
d. −24 J
e. +24 J

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Question text
12.3 Examples of Waves

A string is strung horizontally with a fixed tension. A wave of frequency 100

Hz is sent along the string, and it has a wave speed of 100 m/s. Then a
second wave, one of frequency 200 Hz, is sent along the string. What is
the wave speed of the second wave?

Select one:
a. 70.7 m/s
b. 25.0 m/s
c. 100 m/s
Correct
d. 50.0 m/s

Feedback
The correct answer is: 100 m/s
 11.3 Harmonic Motion and Energy

A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.0 Hz and an

amplitude of 4.0 cm. If a timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence x = 4
cm when t = 0), what is the speed of the mass when t = 5 s?

Select one:
a. 0.0065 m/s
b. 0.016 m/s
c. zero
Correct
d. 0.024 m/s

11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

Four identical springs each have the same spring constant k. If these four springs are
attached end to end forming a spring four times the length of one of the original springs,
what will be the spring constant of the combination?

Select one:
a. k/4
Correct

b. k
c. 1.41k
d. 4k

The use of fiberglass insulation in the outer walls of a building is intended to minimize
heat transfer through the wall by what process?
-conduction

The emissivity of an ideal reflector has which of the following values?

-0

A mass of 4.0 kg, resting on a horizontal, frictionless surface, is attached on the right to a
horizontal spring with spring constant 30 N/m and on the left to a horizontal spring with
spring constant 50 N/m. If this system is moved from equilibrium, what is the effective
spring constant?
-80 n/m

If heat is flowing from a table to a block of ice moving across the table, which of the
following must be true?
-the ice is cooler than the table

Of the planets with atmospheres, which is the warmest?

-venus

Arrange from smallest to largest: the BTU, the joule, and the calorie.

- J, cal, BTU

Who demonstrated that when heat is gained or lost by a system during some process,
the gain or loss can be accounted for by an equivalent quantity of mechanical work done
on the system?
-joule

A solar heating system has a 25.0% conversion efficiency; the solar radiation incident on
the panels is 950 W/m2. What is the increase in temperature of 26.0 kg of water in a 1.00-h
period by a 3.00-m2-area collector? (cw = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)
-23.6

If cooking is done using an aluminum pan over an electric burner, which of the
following will not promote the rate of heat flow from burner to food?

a. increase pan bottom thickness

Of the following systems, which contains the most heat?

d. Systems do not contain heat.

A plot of the temperature versus the energy per kg added to a piece of ice as it goes from
below freezing at − 10°C to becoming steam at 110°C consists of straight lines, some
horizontal and some with an upward slope. What do the upward slopes represent?
d. reciprocals of specific heats
Calories of the food type are equal to which of the following?

a. 4 186 J
A mass of 0.40 kg, attached to a spring with a spring constant of 80 N/m, is set into
simple harmonic motion. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the mass when at
its maximum displacement of 0.050 m from the equilibrium position?

b. 10 m/s2
A runaway railroad car, with mass 30 × 104 kg, coasts across a level track at 2.0 m/s when
it collides with a spring-loaded bumper at the end of the track. If the spring constant of the
bumper is 4.0 × 106 N/m, what is the maximum compression of the spring during the
collision? (Assume the collision is elastic.)

d. 0.55 m
How does the heat energy from the sun reach us through the

vacuum of space? c. radiation

If a long spring with spring constant k is cut into 3 equal lengths, what is the spring
constant of each of the 3 shorter springs?

d. It is 3k.
A copper alloy wire of length 2.0 m, cross sectional area 7.1 × 10−6 m2, and
Young's modulus 11 × 1010 N/m2, has a 200-kg load hung on it. What is its
increase in length? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

b. 5.0 mm
A 0.20-kg block rests on a frictionless, level surface and is attached to a horizontally aligned
spring with a spring constant of 80 N/m. The block is initially displaced 4.0 cm from the
equilibrium point and then released to set up a simple harmonic motion. What is the speed
of the block when it passes through the equilibrium point?

b. 0.80 m/s
The first experiment, which systematically demonstrated the equivalence of mechanical
energy and heat, was performed by:

c. Joule.
Which of the following best describes a substance in which the temperature remains
constant while at the same time it is experiencing an inward heat flow?
d. substance undergoing a change of state
I attach a 2.0-kg block to a spring that obeys Hooke's Law and supply 4.0 J of energy to
stretch the spring. I release the block; it oscillates with period 0.30 s. The amplitude is:

c. 9.5 cm.
Marc attaches a falling 500-kg object with a rope through a pulley to a paddle wheel shaft.
He places the system in a well-insulated tank holding 35 kg of water. When the object falls,
it causes the paddle wheel to rotate and churn the water. If the object falls a vertical
distance of 90 m at constant speed, what is the temperature change of the water? (1 kcal =
4 186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C, and g = 9.8 m/s2)

a. 3.0 C°
An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual, while pedaling, can
convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. How much mechanical
energy is required to increase the temperature of 300 g of water (enough for 1 cup of
coffee) from 24°C to 95°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)

a. 89,000 J
An astronaut is on a 100-m lifeline outside a spaceship, circling the ship with an angular
speed of 0.100 rad/s. How far inward can she be pulled before the centripetal acceleration
reaches 4g = 39.2 m/s2?

d. 70.6 mIf one's hands are being warmed by holding them to one side of a flame, the
predominant form of heat transfer is what process?
Radiation

When an artery gets a constricted region due to plaque, how does the pressure in this
region compare to the pressure in an unconstricted region adjacent?

c. In the constricted region the blood moves at a higher speed than in the unconstricted
region resulting in a decreased pressure.
The filament temperature of a light bulb is 2,050 K when the bulb delivers 45 W of power. If
its emissivity remains constant, what power is delivered when the filament temperature is
2,450 K?

a. 92 W
An astronomical unit (AU) is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun. An comet in
orbit around the Sun has a perihelion (near point to the Sun) of 0.50 AU and an aphelion
(far point from the Sun) of 5.0 AU. If the comet's orbital speed at aphelion is v, what is its
speed at perihelion?
10v

When a wool blanket is used to keep warm, what is the primary insulating material?
b. air
A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.15-kg ball using only the
rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. If the ball starts at rest and
is released with a speed of 24 m/s in a time of 0.40 s, what torque is applied to the ball
while being held by the pitcher's hand to produce the angular acceleration?

d. 2.9 N·m
Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105 N/m2, and the density of air is 1.29 kg/m3. If the
density of air is constant as you get higher and higher, calculate the height of the
atmosphere needed to produce this pressure.

d. 7 900 m
A uniform rod of length L and weight W is placed on a fulcrum a distance of 0.2L from the
left end. On the left end is placed a mass of weight 3W and on the right end a vertical
force F is applied to keep the system in balance. What are the magnitude and direction of
the force F?

d. W, down

The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical orbit.
Compare the motion of the satellite at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to the motion
at the point farthest from the Earth (apogee). At these two points:
d. the angular momenta are the same.
The Garfield Thomas water tunnel at Pennsylvania State University has a circular cross-
section that constricts from a diameter of 3.6 m to the test section, which is 1.2 m in
diameter. If the speed of flow is 4.0 m/s in the large-diameter pipe, determine the speed of
flow in the test section.

d. 36 m/s

A block of wood has density 0.50 g/cm3 and mass 1 500 g. It floats in a container of oil (the
oil's density is 0.75 g/cm3). What volume of oil does the wood displace?

d. 2 000 cm3
A jet of water flowing from a hose at 16 m/s is directed against a wall. If the mass flow in the
fluid stream is 2.0 kg/s, what force is the water applying to the wall if backsplash is
negligible?

b. 32 N

A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 500 kg/m3 and the
other having density of 5 500 kg/m3. If the object contains equal masses of the materials,
what is its average density?

c. 3 438 kg/m3
A ceiling fan is turned on and reaches an angular speed of 60 rev/min in 20 s. It is then
turned off and coasts to a stop in 40 s. In the one minute of rotation, through how many
revolutions did the fan turn?

d. 30
An object of radius R and moment of inertia I rolls down an incline of height H after starting
from rest. Its total kinetic energy at the bottom of the incline:

c. cannot be found from the given information alone.

A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.0 Hz and an
amplitude of 8.0 cm. If a timer is started when its displacement from equilibrium is a
maximum (hence x = 8 cm when t = 0), what is the displacement of the mass when t = 3.7
s?

d. 0.025 m

A hoop (I = MR2) is rolling along the ground at 10 m/s. It comes to a hill and starts going up.
Assuming no losses to friction, how far does it travel vertically up the hill before it stops?

a. 10 m
Spherical particles of density 2.0 g/cm3 are shaken in a container of water (viscosity
= 1.0 × 10−3 N⋅s/m3). The water is 10.0 cm deep and is allowed to stand for 40
minutes. What is the greatest terminal velocity of the particles still in suspension at
that time?

e. 4.2 × 10−5 m/s

A woman who weighs 500 N stands on an 8.0 m long board that weighs 100 N. The board
is supported at each end. The support force at the right end is 2 times the support force at
the left end. How far from the right end is the woman standing?

a. 1.6 m
Water (density = 1 × 103 kg/m3) flows at 15.5 m/s through a pipe with radius 0.040 m.The
pipe goes up to the second floor of the building, 3.5 m higher, and the pressure remains
unchanged. What is the speed of the water flow in the pipe on the second floor?

b. 13 m/s
A 0.19-m radius grinding wheel takes 2.8 s to speed up from 3.0 rad/s to 12.0 rad/s. What
is the wheel's average angular acceleration?

a. 3.2 rad/s2
A solid sphere of mass 2.5 kg and radius 0.12 m is at rest at the top of a ramp inclined 15°.
It rolls to the bottom without slipping. The upper end of the ramp is 1.2 m higher than the
lower end. Find the sphere's total kinetic energy when it reaches the bottom.

a. 29 J
A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.020 rad/s2. What
is the time interval required for it to reach a 8-rad displacement after starting from
rest?

a. 28 s
Two hoops or rings (I = MR2) are centered, lying on a turntable. The smaller ring has radius
= 0.05 m; the larger has radius = 0.1 m. Both have a mass of 5.0 kg. What is the total
moment of inertia as the turntable spins? Ignore the mass of the turntable.

d. 0.0625 kg·m2
A 2.00-kg copper rod is 47.00 cm long at 25°C. If 50,000 J are transferred to the rod by
heat, what is its change in length? ccopper = 387 J/kg⋅°C and αcopper = 17 × 10−6/°C.

a. 0.052 cm
A ventilation fan has blades 0.20 m in radius rotating at 40 rpm. What is the tangential
speed of each blade tip?
a. 0.84 m/s
A pipe of diameter four cm is replaced by one of the same length but of diameter twelve cm.
If the pressure difference between the ends of the pipe remains the same, by what factor is
the rate of flow of a viscous liquid through it changed?

c. 81
The water behind Grand Coulee Dam is 1 200 m wide and 200 m deep. Find the hydrostatic
force on the back of the dam. (Hint: the total force = average pressure × area)

c. 23.52 × 1010 N
An adiabatic expansion refers to the fact that:

d. no heat is transferred between a system and its surroundings.

A standing wave is set up in a 2.0-m string fixed at both ends. The string vibrates in 3 distinct
segments when driven by a 120-Hz source. In how many distinct standing wave segments
will the string vibrate if the tension is increased by a factor of 4?

a. No standing wave pattern occurs.

The volume of an ideal gas changes from 0.35 to 0.56 m3 although its pressure
remains constant at 56,000 Pa. What work is done on the system by its environment?

c. -11,760 J
The adiabatic index of a gas is given by which of the following?

a. CP /CV

A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 3. When removing 2.6 × 104 J

from inside the refrigerator, how much energy is sent into the environment?

a. 3.5 × 104 J
A thermodynamic process that happens very quickly tends to be:
b. adiabatic.

How many nodes does a standing wave in a string have at the frequency of the

sixth harmonic? c. The answer is not given.

An 870-MW electric power plant has an efficiency of 27%. It loses its waste heat in large
cooling towers. Approximately how much waste heat (in MJ) is discharged to the
atmosphere per second?

e. 2,352 MJ
A 5-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic free expansion (a rapid expansion into a
vacuum), going from an initial volume of 20 L to a final volume of 40 L. How much work is
done on the system during this adiabatic free expansion?

b. zero
If a radio wave has speed 3.00 × 108 m/s and frequency 99.7 MHz, what is its

wavelength? b. 3.01 m

The Carnot cycle consists of a combination of ____ and ____ processes.

b. adiabatic, isothermal
If the tension on a guitar string is increased by a factor of 2, the fundamental
frequency at which it vibrates is changed by what factor?

a. 21/2
A heat engine exhausts 3,700 J of heat while performing 1,700 J of useful work. What is the
efficiency of the engine?

e. 31%

On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point and both ending at
the same final increased volume. One curve is for an isothermal process; the other is for an
adiabatic process. What does the area between these two curves represent?

c. Q absorbed by the isothermal process.

Entropy is a measure of the ____ of a system.

a. disorder
A 500-Hz whistle is moved toward a listener at a speed of 10.0 m/s. At the same time, the
listener moves at a speed of 20.0 m/s in a direction toward the whistle. What is the apparent
frequency heard by the listener? (The speed of sound is 340 m/s.)

d. 545 Hz
A train station bell gives off a fundamental tone of 1000 Hz as the train approaches the station
at a speed of 20.0 m/s. If the speed of sound in air is 335 m/s, what will be the apparent
frequency of the bell to an observer riding the train?

d. 1060 Hz
Which is not an example of approximate simple harmonic motion?

b. A ball bouncing on the floor.

The density of a certain solid is 7.2 × 103 kg/m3, and its Young's modulus is 8.0 × 1010
N/m2. What is the speed of sound in this material?

d. 3300 m/s
Two water waves meet at the same point, one having a displacement above equilibrium
of 60 cm and the other having a displacement above equilibrium of 70 cm. At this
moment, what is the resulting displacement above equilibrium?

e. 130 cm
Waves propagate at 8.6 m/s along a stretched string. The end of the string is vibrated up
and down once every 1.5 s. What is the wavelength of the waves that travel along the
string?

b. 12.9 m
By what factor must one change the weight suspended vertically from a spring coil in order
to two times its period of simple harmonic motion?

b. 4.0
A simple pendulum of length 1.46 m has a mass of 160 g attached. It is drawn back
34° and then released. What is the maximum speed of the mass?

e. 1.83 m/s
A mass of 4.1 kg, resting on a horizontal frictionless surface, is attached on the right to a
horizontal spring with spring constant 23 N/m and on the left to a horizontal spring with
spring constant 60 N/m. If this system is moved from equilibrium, what is the effective
spring constant?

c. 83 N/m
The SI base units for spring constant are which of the following?

c. kg/s2
A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 6 Hz and an
amplitude of 3 cm. If a timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence x = 3 cm
when t = 0), what is the speed of the mass when t = 7 s?

a. zero
The frequency separating audible waves and ultrasonic waves is considered to be 20 kHz.
What wavelength in air at room temperature is associated with this frequency? (Assume
the speed of sound to be 340 m/s.)

d. 1.7 cm
Doubling the distance between sound source and a listener will change the intensity, as
detected by the listener, by what factor?

b. 1/4
A runaway railroad car, with mass 24 × 104 kg, coasts across a level track at 2.7 m/s when
it collides with a spring-loaded bumper at the end of the track. If the spring constant of the
bumper is 2.7 × 106 N/m, what is the maximum compression of the spring during the
collision? (Assume the collision is elastic.)

a. 0.8 m
Equal wavelength waves of amplitude 0.25 m and 0.19 m interfere with one another.
What is the resulting minimum amplitude that can result?

d. 0.06 m
A 6-g lead bullet traveling in 20°C air at 300 m/s strikes a flat steel plate and stops. What
is the final temperature of the lead bullet? (Assume the bullet retains all heat.) The
melting point of lead is 327°C. The specific heat of lead is 0.128 J/g·°C. The heat of
fusion of lead is 24.5 J/g.

d. 327°C
Suppose working outside on a hot day someone generate 450 J of heat each second. If
this energy is compensated for by the evaporation of sweat, how much water would be
lost in an hour? The latent heat of fusion for water is 334 kJ/kg and for vaporization is
2,200 kJ/kg.

a. 0.74 liter
A sound wave coming from a tuba has a wavelength of 1.5 m and travels to your ears
at a speed of 360 m/s. What is the frequency of the sound you hear?
e. 240 Hz
Iced tea is made by adding ice to 3.0 kg of hot tea, initially at 80°C. How many kg of ice,
initially at 0°C, are required to bring the mixture to 10°C? (Lf = 3.33 x 105 J/kg, cw =
4186 J/kg·°C)
a. 2.3 kg
Carly places one end of a steel bar in a Bunsen flame and the other end in an ice cube. By
what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the bar's cross-sectional area is tripled?

c. 3.0
A train station bell gives off a fundamental tone of 530 Hz as the train approaches the
station at a speed of 23 m/s. If the speed of sound in air is 346 m/s, what will be the
apparent frequency of the bell to an observer riding the train?

e. 565 Hz
Which of the following ranges corresponds to the longest wavelengths?

Infrasonic

A piece of copper of mass 100 g is being drilled through with a 1/2" electric drill. The drill
operates at 50.0 W and takes 30.0 s to bore through the copper. If all the energy from the
drill heats the copper, find the copper's increase in temperature. (ccopper = 387 J/kg · °C.)

c. 38.8°C
If I double the mass per unit length of guitar string, its natural frequency changes by

what factor? a. 0.71

If the surface temperature of the Earth is 290 K and that of the Sun is 6000 K, assuming
the same emissivities, what is the ratio of the energy radiated per square meter of the
Earth to that of the Sun?

d. 5.5 × 10-6
A 90-m-long high-voltage cable is suspended between two towers. The mass of the 90-m
cable is 140 kg. If the tension in the cable is 34,000 N, what is the lowest frequency at
which this cable can oscillate?

a. 0.82 Hz
A sound source of frequency 1,010 Hz moves at 50 m/s toward a listener who is at rest.
What is the apparent frequency heard by the listener? (speed of sound = 340 m/s)

c. 1,180 Hz
What is the temperature increase of 3.0 kg of water when heated by an 800-W immersion
heater for 10 min? (cw = 4186 J/kg · °C)

d. 38°C
I take 2.0 kg of ice and dump it into 1.0 kg of water and, when equilibrium is reached, I have
3.0 kg of ice at 0°C. The water was originally at 0°C. The specific heat of water = 1.00
kcal/kg·°C, the specific heat of ice = 0.50 kcal/kg·°C, and the latent heat of fusion of water
is 80 kcal/kg. The original temperature of the ice was:
 c. −80°C.
The speed of sound at 0°C is 331 m/s. What is the speed of sound at 30°C?

(0°C = 273 K) b. 349 m/s

Marc attaches a falling 250-kg object with a rope through a pulley to a paddle wheel shaft.
He places the system in a well-insulated tank holding 12 kg of water. When the object falls,
it causes the paddle wheel to rotate and churn the water. If the object falls a vertical
distance of 100 m at constant speed, what is the temperature change of the water? (1 kcal
= 4186 J, the specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg · °C, and g = 9.8 m/s2)

c. 4.9°C
During each cycle of operation a refrigerator absorbs 56 cal from the freezer compartment
and expels 81 cal to the room. If one cycle occurs every 10 s, how many minutes will it take
to freeze 570 g of water, initially at 0°C? (Lv = 80 cal/g)

e. 136 min
On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point (P1, V1) and both
ending at the same increased volume (V2). One curve is for an isothermal process; the
other is for an adiabatic process. Except for the common starting point, which curve is
the upper one?

a. The isothermal process curve will always be the upper one.

Triple the mass of the bob on a simple pendulum will cause a change in the frequency of
the pendulum swing by what factor?
1.0
What is the cause of refraction of a wave traveling from one medium to another?
d. There is a speed change due to the change in the medium.
An automobile gas tank is filled to its capacity of 20.00 gallons with the gasoline at an initial
temperature of 10°C. The automobile is parked in the Sun causing the gasoline's
temperature to rise to 60°C. If the
coefficient of volume expansion for gasoline is 9.6 × 10 /°C, what volume runs out the
−4

overflow tube? Assume the change in volume of the tank is negligible.

a. 0.96 gallon
Quadrupling both the tension in a guitar string and its mass per unit length will result in
changing the wave speed in the string by what factor?
d. 1.00 (i.e., no change)
I place a 250-g ice cube (initially at 0°C) in a Styrofoam box with wall thickness 1.0 cm and
total surface area 600 cm . If the air surrounding the box is at 20°C and after 2 hours the ice
2

is completely melted, what is the conductivity of the Styrofoam material? (L = 80 cal/g)

f

a. 2.3 × 10−4
 An electrical generating plant operates at a boiler temperature of 222°C and exhausts the
unused heat into a nearby river at 16°C. What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of the
plant? (0°C = 273 K)
a. 42%
Standing waves can result from _____ waves.

b. both longitudinal and transverse

Waves propagate at 4.0 m/s along a stretched string. The end of the string is vibrated up
and down once every 3.0 s. What is the wavelength of the waves that travel along the
string?

c. 12 m
The term "timbre" refers to which of the following?

a. The quality of sound from instruments due to the mixture of harmonics.

A radar pulse is bounced off the Moon at a distance of 400,000 km. What is the time from
the transmitting of the pulse until its return?
d. 2.67 s
An object is attached to a spring and its frequency of oscillation is measured. Then another
object is connected to the first object, and the resulting mass is three times the original
value. By what factor is the frequency of oscillation changed?
b. 0.58
A system is acted on by its surroundings in such a way that it receives 50 J of heat while
simultaneously doing 20 J of work. What is its net change in internal energy?
a. 30 J
Two springs, each with spring constant 20 N/m, are connected in parallel, and the
combination is hung vertically from one end. A 50-N weight is then suspended from the
other end of the combined spring. How far does the combined spring stretch as it comes
to equilibrium?
c. 1.25 m
The P-V diagram of a cyclic process shows a curve that encloses an area. The work done
by the heat engine, represented by the enclosed area, is positive when the path around
the area proceeds in which of the following fashions?
Clockwise
The air in a tube open at both ends is sent into its fundamental resonance. One end of the
tube is then closed and the air column is again set into its fundamental resonance. The
resonant frequency ____ after the end is closed.

b. halves
When car shock absorbers wear out and lose their damping ability, what is the
resulting oscillating behavior?

b. overdamped
A flute behaves like a tube open at both ends. If its length is 65.5 cm, and the speed of
sound is 340 m/s, what is its fundamental frequency in Hz?

c. 260 Hz
 Which of the following choices best corresponds to what is required by the
second law of thermodynamics for any process taking place in an isolated
system?
d. entropy increases
By what amount does the sound intensity decrease when the distance to the source triples?

b. 10 dB
A C note (f = 256 Hz) is sounded on a piano. If the length of the piano wire is 1.8 m and its
mass density is 2.9 g/m, what is the tension in the wire?

a. 2,463 N
A cylinder containing an ideal gas has a volume of 2 m and a pressure of 2 × 10 Pa at a
3 5

temperature of 320 K. The cylinder is placed against a metal block that is maintained at 860
K and the gas expands as the pressure remains constant until the temperature of the gas
reaches 860 K. The change in internal energy of the gas is 6.1 × 10 J. Find the change in
5

entropy of the block associated with the heat transfer to the gas.
b. -1,130 J/K
A 520-Hz whistle is moved toward a listener at a speed of 20 m/s. At the same time, the
listener moves at a speed of 45 m/s in a direction away from the whistle. What is the
apparent frequency heard by the listener? (The speed of sound is 340 m/s.)

d. 479 Hz
System 1 is 2.9 moles of a monatomic ideal gas held at a constant volume as it undergoes a
temperature increase. System 2 is 2.9 moles of a diatomic ideal gas held at constant
volume as it also undergoes a temperature increase. The thermal energy absorbed by
System 1 is , and the thermal energy absorbed

by System 2 is as both systems undergo a temperature increase of 74.9 K. What is the ratio ?
e. 0.60
Which of the following best describes a sound level of intensity 10 W/m ?
-6 2

d. normal conversation
Two loudspeakers are placed next to each other and driven by the same source at 500 Hz.
A listener is positioned in front of the two speakers and on the line separating them, thus
creating a constructive interference at the listener's ear. What minimum distance would one
of the speakers be moved back away from the listener to produce destructive interference
at the listener's ear? (The speed of sound = 340 m/s.)

c. 0.34 m
A plane is traveling at Mach 0.980 through air at a temperature of 0°C. What is the plane's
speed? (Speed of sound at 0°C is 331 m/s.)
d. 324 m/s
What is the next harmonic frequency over the fundamental for an organ pipe 1.50 m in
length, closed at one end? The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s.
d. 170 Hz

Chapter 9--Solids and Fluids

Student:
______________________________________________________________________
_____

1. Which state of matter is associated with the very highest of temperatures?

A. liquid
B. plasma
C. gas
D. solid

2. A copper wire of length 2.0 m, cross sectional area 7.1 ´ 10 m and Young's
-6 2

modulus 11 ´ 10 N/m has a 200-kg load hung on it. What is its increase in length?
10 2

(g = 9.8 m/s ) 2

A. 0.50 mm
B. 1.0 mm
C. 2.5 mm
D. 5.0 mm

3. In an elastic solid there is a direct proportionality between strain and:

A. elastic modulus.
B. temperature.
C. cross-sectional area.
D. stress.

4. The quantity "stress" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass,

length, time) is equivalent to: A. MLT .
-1

B. ML T .-1 -2

C. M L T .
2 -1 -3

D. a dimensionless quantity.

5. The quantity "strain" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass,

length, time) is equivalent to: A. MLT .
-1

B. ML T .-1 -2

C. M L T .
2 -1 -3

D. a dimensionless quantity.
6. The bulk modulus of a material, as a meaningful physical property, is applicable to
which of the following? A. only solids
B. only liquids
C. only gases
D. solids, liquids and gases

7. A uniform pressure of 7.0 ´ 10 N/m is applied to all six sides of a copper cube.
5 2

What is the percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper, B = 14 ´ 10 10

N/m )
2

A. 2.4 ´ 10 %-2

B. 0.4 ´ 10 %-2

C. 8.4 ´ 10 %-2

D. 0.5 ´ 10 %-3

8. Bar One has a Young's modulus that is bigger than that of Bar Two.
This indicates Bar One: A. is longer than Bar Two.
B. has a greater cross-sectional area than Bar Two.
C. has a greater elastic limit than Bar Two.
D. is made of material that is different from Bar Two.

9. Consider two steel rods, A and B. B has three times the area and twice the length
of A, so Young's modulus for B will be what factor times Young's modulus for A?
A. 3.0
B. 0.5
C. 1.5
D. 1.0

10. A tire stops a car by use of friction. What modulus should we use to calculate the
stress and strain on the tire?
A. Young's modulus
B. compression modulus
C. shear modulus
D. bulk modulus

11. How large a force is necessary to stretch a 2.0-mm-diameter steel wire (Y =

2.0 ´ 10 N/m ) by 1.0%? A. 3.1 ´ 10 N
11 2 3

B. 6.3 ´ 10 N3

C. 9.4 ´ 10 N3

D. 1.3 ´ 10 N4
12. The standard kilogram is a platinum-iridium cylinder 39.0 mm in height and 39.0
mm in diameter. What is the density of the material?
A. 21.5 g/cm 3

B. 19.3 g/cm 3

C. 13.6 g/cm 3

D. 10.7 g/cm 3

13. The quantity "pressure" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass,
length, time) is equivalent to:
A. MLT . -1

B. ML T .-1 -2

C. M L T .
2 -1 -3

D. a dimensionless quantity.

14. The pressure inside a commercial airliner is maintained at 1.00 atm (10 Pa). What
5

is the net outward force exerted on a 1.0 m ´ 2.0 m cabin door if the outside pressure
is 0.30 atm?
A. 140 N
B. 1 400 N
C. 14 000 N
D. 140 000 N

15. A stonecutter's chisel has an edge area of 0.50 cm . If the chisel is struck with a
2

force of 45 N, what is the pressure exerted on the stone?

A. 9 000 Pa
B. 90 000 Pa
C. 450 000 Pa
D. 900 000 Pa

16. When water freezes, it expands about nine percent. What would be the pressure
increase inside your automobile engine block if the water in there froze? (The bulk
modulus of ice is 2.0 ´ 10 Pa, and 1 atm = 1.0 ´ 10 Pa.)
9 5

A. 18 atm
B. 270 atm
C. 1 080 atm
D. 1 800 atm
17. The Greenland ice sheet can be one km thick. Estimate the pressure underneath
the ice. (The density of ice is 918 kg/m .)
3
A. 9.0 ´ 10 Pa (9 atm)
5

B. 2.5 ´ 10 Pa (25 atm)

6

C. 4.5 ´ 10 Pa (45 atm)

6

D. 9.0 ´ 10 Pa (90 atm)

6

18. What is the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4
´ 10 m, and atmospheric pressure at the surface is 10 N/m .)
6 5 2

A. 5 ´ 10 kg 16

B. 1 ´ 10 kg 18

C. 5 ´ 10 kg 18

D. 1 ´ 10 kg 20

19. A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 000
kg/m and the other having density of 6 000 kg/m . If the object contains equal
3 3

volumes of the materials, what is its average density? A. 3 000 kg/m 3

B. 4 000 kg/m 3

C. 5 300 kg/m 3

D. more information is needed

20. A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 000
kg/m and the other having density of 6 000 kg/m . If the object contains equal
3 3

masses of the materials, what is its average density? A. 3 000 kg/m 3

B. 4 000 kg/m 3

C. 5 300 kg/m 3

D. more information is needed

21. The maximum pressure that a certain type of drainpipe can safely withstand from
the water inside is 10 atmospheres above the outside pressure. The pipe is to run
from the roof to a storm drain connection in the basement of the building along a
corner of an inside wall. Leakage is not an option. If this drainpipe is to be
used with a tall building, what is the maximum height, of those given below, for this
drainpipe if it may be subject to clogging at the bottom? Assume that the pipe is in
an environment that surrounds it with 1.0 atmosphere pressure.where 1 atm =
Pa.
A.
B.
C.
D.
22. A very tall building has a drainpipe that runs from the roof to a storm sewer under
the basement of the building. Unfortunately, over time the drainpipe becomes clogged
when it passes though the basement. How high above the clog does the water have to
be for the water near the clog to have its volume compressed by one tenth of one
percent? The bulk modulus of water is .
A.
B.
C.
D.

23. The bulk modulus of aluminum is Pa and that of copper is

Pa.When identical size cubes of aluminum and copper are subjected to high
pressure, what is the ratio of the change in volume of the aluminum cube to that of
the copper cube?
A. 0.50
B. 2.0
C.
D.

24. What is the total force on the bottom of a 2.0-m-diameter by 1.0-m-deep round
wading pool due to the weight of the air and the weight of the water? (Note the
pressure contribution from the atmosphere is 1.0 ´ 10 N/m , the density of water is 1
5 2

000 kg/m , and g = 9.8 m/s .)

3 2

A. 3.4 ´ 10 N5

B. 2.4 ´ 10 N6

C. 3.2 ´ 10 N6

D. 6.0 ´ 10 N6

25. In a large tank of liquid, the hydrostatic pressure at a given

depth is a function of: A. depth.
B. surface area.
C. liquid density.
D. Choices a and c are both valid.
26. A 15 000-N car on a hydraulic lift rests on a cylinder with a piston of radius 0.20 m. If
a connecting cylinder with a piston of 0.040-m radius is driven by compressed air, what
force must be applied to this smaller piston in order to lift the car?
A. 600 N
B. 1 500 N
C. 3 000 N
D. 15 000 N
27. By what factor is the total pressure greater at a depth of 850 m in water than at the
surface where pressure is one atmosphere? (water density = 1.0 ´ 10 kg/m , 1
3 3

atmosphere pressure = 1.01 ´ 10 N/m , and g = 9.8 m/s ) A. 100

5 2 2

B. 83
C. 74
D. 19

28. If the column of mercury in a barometer stands at 72.6 cm, what is the
atmospheric pressure? (The density of mercury is 13.6 ´ 10 kg/m and g = 9.80 m/s )
3 3 2

A. 0.968 ´ 10 N/m
5 2

B. 1.03 ´ 10 N/m
5 2

C. 0.925 ´ 10 N/m
5 2

D. 1.07 ´ 10 N/m
5 2

29. Dams at two different locations are needed to form a lake. When the lake is filled,
the water level will be at the top of both dams. The Dam #2 is twice as high and twice
as wide as Dam #1. How much greater is the force of the water on Dam #2 than the
force on Dam #1? (Ignore atmospheric pressure; it is pushing on both sides of the
dams.)
A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 16

30. Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 ´ 10 N/m , and the density of air is 1.29 kg/m . If the
5 2 3

density of air is constant as you get higher and higher, calculate the height of the
atmosphere needed to produce this pressure. A. 7 900 m
B. 77 000 m
C. 1 260 m
D. 10 300 m
31. The water behind Grand Coulee Dam is 1 200 m wide and 150 m deep. Find the
hydrostatic force on the back of the dam. (Hint: the total force = average pressure ´
area)
A. 5.2 ´ 10 N
9

B. 8.8 ´ 10 N
10

C. 13.2 ´ 10 N 10

D. 18.0 ´ 10 N 10

32. How deep under the surface of a lake would the pressure be double that at the
surface? (1 atm = 1.01 ´ 10 Pa)
5

A. 1.00 m
B. 9.80 m
C. 10.3 m
D. 32.2 m

33. A piece of aluminum has density 2.70 g/cm and mass 775 g. The aluminum is
3

submerged in a container of oil (oil's density = 0.650 g/cm ). How much oil does the
3

metal displace?
A. 287 cm 3

B. 309 cm 3

C. 232 cm 3

D. 1 125 cm 3

34. A piece of aluminum has density 2.70 g/cm and mass 775 g. The aluminum is
3

submerged in a container of oil of density 0.650 g/cm . A spring balance is attached

3

with string to the piece of aluminum. What reading will the balance register in grams
(g) for the submerged metal?
A. 960 g
B. 775 g
C. 588 g
D. 190 g

35. A block of wood has density 0.50 g/cm and mass 1 500 g. It floats in a container of
3

oil (the oil's density is 0.75 g/cm ). What volume of oil does the wood displace?
3

A. 3 000 cm 3

B. 2 000 cm 3

C. 1 500 cm 3

D. 1 000 cm 3
36. What volume of water is displaced by a submerged 2.0-kg cylinder made of solid
aluminum? (aluminum density = 2.7 ´ 10 kg/m and water density = 1.0 ´ 10 kg/m )
3 3 3 3

A. 7.4 ´ l0 m
-4 3

B. 1.4 ´ 10 m 3 3

C. 9.9 ´ 10 m 3 3

D. 6.0 ´ 10 m 2 3

37. A ping-pong ball has an average density of 0.0840 g/cm and a diameter of 3.80
3

cm. What force would be required to keep the ball completely submerged under
water?
A. 1.000 N
B. 0.788 N
C. 0.516 N
D. 0.258 N

38. A cube of wood of density 0.78 g/cm is 10 cm on a side. When placed in water,
3

what height of the block will float above the surface? (water density = 1.00 g/cm )
3

A. 7.8 cm
B. 5.0 cm
C. 2.2 cm
D. 6.4 cm

39. The bottom of a flat-bottomed aluminum boat has an area of 4.0 m and the boat's
2

mass is 60 kg. When set afloat in water, how far below the water surface is the boat
bottom? (water density = 1.0 ´ 10 kg/m ) A. 0.060 m
3 3

B. 0.015 m
C. 0.030 m
D. 0.075 m

40. The bottom of a flat-bottomed aluminum boat has area = 4.0 m and mass = 60
2

kg. If two fishermen and their fishing gear with total mass of 300 kg are placed in
the boat, how much lower will the boat ride in the water? (H O density = 1.0 ´ 10
2
3

kg/m )
3

A. 0.15 m
B. 0.090 m
C. 0.075 m
D. 0.060 m
41. Legend says that Archimedes, in determining whether or not the king's crown
was made of pure gold, measured its volume by the water displacement method. If
the density of gold is 19.3 g/cm , and the crown's mass is 600 g, what volume would
3

be necessary to prove that it is pure gold?

A. 31.1 cm 3

B. 114 ´ 10 cm
3 3

C. 22.8 ´ 10 cm3 3

D. 1.81 ´ 10 cm-2 3

42. A solid rock, suspended in air by a spring scale, has a measured mass of 9.00
kg. When the rock is submerged in water, the scale reads 3.30 kg. What is the
density of the rock? (water density = 1 000 kg/m ) A. 4.55 ´ 10 kg/m
3 3 3

B. 3.50 ´ 10 kg/m
3 3

C. 1.20 ´ 10 kg/m
3 3

D. 1.58 ´ 10 kg/m
3 3

43. As ice floats in water, about 10% of the ice floats above the surface of the water.
If we float some ice in a glass of water, what will happen to the water level as the ice
melts?
A. The water level will rise 10% of the volume of the ice that melts.
B. The water level will rise, but not as much as the 10% indicated in answer a.
C. The water level will remain unchanged.
D. The water level will become lower.

44. A large stone is resting on the bottom of the swimming pool. The normal force of
the bottom of the pool on the stone is equal to the:
A. weight of the stone.
B. weight of the water displaced.
C. sum of the weight of the stone and the weight of the displaced water.
D. difference between the weight of the stone and the weight of the displaced water.

45. A blimp is filled with 400 m of helium. How big a payload can the balloon lift? (The
3

density of air is 1.29 kg/m ; the density of helium is 0.18 kg/m .)

3 3

A. 111 kg
B. 129 kg
C. 215 kg
D. 444 kg
46. A heavily loaded boat is floating in a pond. The boat sinks because of a leak.
What happens to the surface level of the pond?
A. It stays the same.
B. It goes up.
C. It goes down.
D. More information is needed to reach a conclusion.
47. A heavily loaded boat is floating in a pond. The boat starts to sink because of a
leak but quick action plugging the leak stops the boat from going under although it is
now deeper in the water. What happens to the surface level of the pond?
A. It stays the same.
B. It goes up.
C. It goes down.
D. More information is needed to reach a conclusion.

48. A block of wood has specific gravity 0.80. When placed in water, what percent of
the volume of the wood is above the surface?
A. 0, the block sinks.
B. 20%
C. 25%
D. 80%

49. An ideal fluid flows through a pipe made of two sections with diameters of 1.0 and
3.0 inches, respectively. The speed of the fluid flow through the 3.0-inch section will be
what factor times that through the 1.0-inch section?
A. 6.0
B. 9.0
C. 1/3
D. 1/9

50. The flow rate of a liquid through a 2.0-cm-radius pipe is 0.008 0 m /s. The average
3

fluid speed in the pipe is:

A. 0.64 m/s.
B. 2.0 m/s.
C. 0.040 m/s.
D. 6.4 m/s.
51. Think of Bernoulli's equation as it pertains to an ideal fluid flowing through a
horizontal pipe. Imagine that you take measurements along the pipe in the direction of
fluid flow. What happens to the sum of the pressure and energy per unit volume?
A. It increases as the pipe diameter increases.
B. It decreases as the pipe diameter increases.
C. It remains constant as the pipe diameter increases.
D. No choices above are valid.
52. An ideal fluid, of density 0.85 ´ 10 kg/m , flows at 0.25 kg/s through a pipe of radius
3 3

0.010 m. What is the fluid speed?

A. 0.85 m/s
B. 1.3 m/s
C. 3.0 m/s
D. 0.94 m/s

53. An ideal fluid, of density 0.90 ´ 10 kg/m , flows at 6.0 m/s through a level pipe with
3 3

radius of 0.50 cm. The pressure in the fluid is 1.3 ´ 10 N/m . This pipe connects to a
5 2

second level pipe, with radius of 1.5 cm. Find the speed of flow in the second pipe.
A. 54 m/s
B. 18 m/s
C. 0.67 m/s
D. 0.33 m/s

54. The flow rate of blood through the average human aorta, of radius 1.0 cm, is
about 90 cm /s. What is the speed of the blood flow through the aorta?
3

A. 14 cm/s
B. 32 cm/s
C. 37 cm/s
D. 29 cm/s

55. Water (density = 1 ´ 10 kg/m ) flows at 15 m/s through a pipe with radius 0.040 m.
3 3

The pipe goes up to the second floor of the building, 3.0 m higher, and the pressure
remains unchanged. What is the speed of the water flow in the pipe on the second
floor?
A. 13 m/s
B. 14 m/s
C. 15 m/s
D. 16 m/s
56. Water (density = 1 ´ 10 kg/m ) flows at 10 m/s through a pipe with radius 0.030 m.
3 3

The pipe goes up to the second floor of the building, 2.0 m higher, and the pressure
remains unchanged. What is the radius of the pipe on the second floor?
A. 0.046 m
B. 0.034 m
C. 0.015 m
D. 0.012 m
57. Air pressure is 1.0 ´ 10 N/m , air density is 1.3 kg/m , and the density of soft drinks
5 2 3

is 1.0 ´ 10 kg/m . If one blows carefully across the top of a straw sticking up 0.100 m
3 3

from the liquid in a soft drink can, it is possible to make the soft drink rise half way up
the straw and stay there. How fast must the air be blown across the top of the straw?
A. 76 m/s
B. 27 m/s
C. 19 m/s
D. 0.99 m/s

58. A hole is poked through the metal side of a drum holding water. The hole is 18 cm
below the water surface. What is the initial speed of outflow?
A. 1.9 m/s
B. 2.96 m/s
C. 3.2 m/s
D. 3.5 m/s

59. Water comes down the spillway of a dam from an initial vertical height of 170
m. What is the highest possible speed of the water at the end of the spillway?
A. 15 m/s
B. 25 m/s
C. 58 m/s
D. 1 370 m/s

60. Water pressurized to 3 ´ 10 Pa is flowing at 5.0 m/s in a pipe which contracts to 1/3
5

of its former area. What are the pressure and speed of the water after the contraction?
(Density of water = 1 ´ 10 kg/m .) A. 2 ´ 10 Pa, 15 m/s
3 3 5

B. 3 ´ 10 Pa, 10 m/s
5

C. 3 ´ 10 Pa, 15 m/s
5

D. 4 ´ 10 Pa, 1.5 m/s

5
61. A fountain sends water to a height of 100 m. What must be the pressurization
(above atmospheric) of the underground water system? (1 atm = 10 N/m )5 2

A. 1 atm
B. 4.2 atm
C. 7.2 atm
D. 9.8 atm
62. The Garfield Thomas water tunnel at Pennsylvania State University has a circular
cross-section that constricts from a diameter of 3.6 m to the test section, which is 1.2 m
in diameter. If the speed of flow is 3.0 m/s in the large-diameter pipe, determine the
speed of flow in the test section.
A. 9.0 m/s
B. 18 m/s
C. 27 m/s
D. 1.0 m/s

63. A Boeing-737 airliner has a mass of 20 000 kg. The total area of the wings is
100 m . What must be the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the
2

wings to keep the airplane up? A. 1 960 Pa

B. 3 920 Pa
C. 7 840 Pa
D. 15 700 Pa

64. How much air must be pushed downward at 40.0 m/s to keep an
800-kg helicopter aloft? A. 98.0 kg/s
B. 196 kg/s
C. 294 kg/s
D. 392 kg/s

65. A jet of water flowing from a hose at 15 m/s is directed against a wall. If the mass
flow in the fluid stream is 2.0 kg/s, what force is the water applying to the wall if
backsplash is negligible?
A. 30 N
B. 40 N
C. 65 N
D. 127 N

66. A Venturi tube may be used as the inlet to an automobile carburetor. If the inlet
pipe of 2.0 cm diameter narrows to 1.0 cm diameter, what is the pressure drop in the
constricted section for airflow of 3.0 m/s in the 2- cm section? (Assume air density is
1.25 kg/m .)
3

A. 70 Pa
B. 84 Pa
C. 100 Pa
D. 115 Pa
67. Water is sent from a fire hose at 30 m/s at an angle of 30 above the horizontal.
What is the maximum height reached by the water?
A. 7.5 m
B. 11 m
C. 15 m
D. 19 m

68. How much power is theoretically available from a mass flow of 1 000 kg/s of
water that falls a vertical distance of 100 m?
A. 980 kW
B. 98 kW
C. 4 900 W
D. 980 W

69. A fluid is drawn up through a tube as shown below. The atmospheric pressure is the
same at both ends. Use Bernoulli's equation to determine the speed of fluid flow out of
the tank. If the height difference from the top of the tank to the bottom of the siphon is
1.0 m, then the speed of outflow is:

A. 1.1 m/s
B. 2.2 m/s
C. 4.4 m/s
D. 8.8 m/s

70. It takes 2.0 minutes to fill a gas tank with 40 liters of gasoline. If the pump nozzle is
1.0 cm in radius, what is the average speed of the gasoline as it leaves the nozzle? (1
000 liters = one cubic meter) A. 0.27 m/s
B. 1.1 m/s
C. 11 m/s
D. 64 m/s
71. Water is being sprayed from a nozzle at the end of a garden hose of diameter 2.0
cm. If the nozzle has an opening of diameter 0.50 cm, and if the water leaves the
nozzle at a speed of 10 m/s, what is the speed of the water inside the hose?
A. 0.63 m/s
B. 0.80 m/s
C. 2.5 m/s
D. also 10 m/s

72. A unit for viscosity, the centipoise, is equal to which of the following?
A. 10 Ns/m
-3 2

B. 10 Ns/m
-2 2

C. 10 Ns/m
-1 2

D. 10 Ns/m
2 2

73. The condition for onset of turbulent flow is that the Reynolds
Number reaches what value? A. 1 000
B. 2 000
C. 3 000
D. 4 000

74. A fluid has a density of 1 040 kg/m . If it rises to a height of 1.8 cm in a 1.0-mm
3

diameter capillary tube, what is the surface tension of the liquid? Assume a contact
angle of zero.
A. 0.046 N/m
B. 0.056 N/m
C. 0.092 N/m
D. 0.11 N/m

75. A pipe carrying water has a radius of 1.0 cm. If the flow velocity is 9.0 cm/s,
which of the following characterizes the flow? Take the viscosity of water to be
1.0 ´ 10 Ns/m.
-3

A. streamlined
B. unstable
C. turbulent
D. stagnant
76. In order to overcome a surface tension of a fluid, a force of 1.32 ´ 10 N is
-2

required to lift a wire ring of circumference 12.0 cm. What is the surface tension of
the fluid?
A. 0.055 N/m
B. 0.11 N/m
C. 0.035 N/m
D. 0.018 N/m

77. A pipe of diameter three cm is replaced by one of the same length but of diameter
six cm. If the pressure difference between the ends of the pipe remains the same, by
what factor is the rate of flow of a viscous liquid through it changed?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 16

78. Spherical particles of density 2.0 g/cm are shaken in a container of water (viscosity
3

= 1.0 ´ 10 Ns/m ). The water is 8.0 cm deep and is allowed to stand for 30 minutes.
-3 3

What is the greatest terminal velocity of the particles still in suspension at that time?
A. 0.55 ´ 10 m/s -5

B. 1.1 ´ 10 m/s
-5

C. 2.2 ´ 10 m/s-5

D. 4.4 ´ 10 m/s-5

79. Spherical particles of density 2.0 g/cm are shaken in a container of water
3

(viscosity = 1.0 ´ 10 Ns/m ). The water is 8.0 cm deep and is allowed to stand for 30
-3 3

minutes. What is the radius of the largest particles still in suspension at that time?
A. 4.5 ´ 10 m
-6

B. 9.0 ´ 10 m
-6

C. 2.3 ´ 10 m -6

D. 5.6 ´ 10 m -6

80. A centrifuge rotates at 100 rev/s (i.e., 628 rad/s). If the test tube places the
suspension at 8.0 cm from the axis of rotation, by what factor are the terminal
speeds of the settling particles increased as compared to sedimentation cause by
gravity?
A. 3.2 ´ 102

B. 64
C. 800
D. 3.9 ´ 105

81. Which of the following characterizes the net force on a particle falling through a
fluid at its terminal speed? A. It is at a maximum.
B. It is upwards.
C. It is downwards.
D. It is zero.

82. A container is filled with water and the pressure at the container bottom is P. If the
container is instead filled with oil having specific gravity 0.80, what new bottom pressure
results?
A. a pressure < P
B. the same pressure P
C. a pressure > P
D. This is unable to be determined with the information given.

83. A container is filled with water and the pressure at the bottom of the container is
P. Then the container is emptied halfway and topped off with oil of density 0.80 ´ 10 3

kg/m , which floats on top of the water. What is the pressure at the bottom of the
3

container now?
A. a pressure < P
B. the same pressure P
C. a pressure > P
D. This is unable to be determined with the information given.

84. At a pressure of 1 atmosphere a column of mercury in a barometer is supported

to the height h = 0.76 m. The density of mercury is 13.6 ´ 10 kg/m . A barometer of
3 3

similar design filled with water would support a column of water how high at a
pressure of 1 atmosphere?
A. more than ten times h
B. about 1.36 h
C. less than one tenth h
D. the same height h

85. When an artery gets a constricted region due to plaque, how does the pressure in
this region compare to the pressure in an unconstricted region adjacent?
A. Since this is a closed system, the pressure is the same in both regions.
B. In the constricted region the blood moves at a higher speed than in the
unconstricted region resulting in an increased pressure.
C. In the constricted region the blood moves at a higher speed than in the
unconstricted region resulting in a decreased pressure.
D. In the constricted region the blood moves at a lower speed than in the
unconstricted region resulting in an increased pressure.
86. An ice cube with a small solid steel sphere frozen inside floats in a glass of water
filled to the brim. What happens to the level of water in the glass as a result of the ice
melting?
A. It goes up, overflowing.
B. It stays the same.
C. It goes down.
D. It depends on air pressure, thus the answer is indeterminate.
Chapter 9--Solids and Fluids Key

1. Which state of matter is associated with the very highest of temperatures?

A. liquid
B. plasma
C. gas
D. solid

2. A copper wire of length 2.0 m, cross sectional area 7.1 ´ 10 m and Young's
-6 2

modulus 11 ´ 10 N/m has a 200-kg load hung on it. What is its increase in length?
10 2

(g = 9.8 m/s )
2

A. 0.50 mm
B. 1.0 mm
C. 2.5 mm
D. 5.0 mm

3. In an elastic solid there is a direct proportionality between strain and:

A. elastic modulus.
B. temperature.
C. cross-sectional area.
D. stress.

4. The quantity "stress" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass,

length, time) is equivalent to: A. MLT .
-1
B. ML T . -1 -2

C. M L T .
2 -1 -3

D. a dimensionless quantity.

5. The quantity "strain" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass,

length, time) is equivalent to: A. MLT .
-1

B. ML T . -1 -2

C. M L T .
2 -1 -3

D. a dimensionless quantity.
6. The bulk modulus of a material, as a meaningful physical property, is applicable to
which of the following? A. only solids
B. only liquids
C. only gases
D. solids, liquids and gases

7. A uniform pressure of 7.0 ´ 10 N/m is applied to all six sides of a copper cube.
5 2

What is the percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper, B = 14 ´ 10 10

N/m )
2

A. 2.4 ´ 10 % -2

B. 0.4 ´ 10 % -2

C. 8.4 ´ 10 % -2

D. 0.5 ´ 10 % -3

8. Bar One has a Young's modulus that is bigger than that of Bar Two.
This indicates Bar One: A. is longer than Bar Two.
B. has a greater cross-sectional area than Bar Two.
C. has a greater elastic limit than Bar Two.
D. is made of material that is different from Bar Two.

9. Consider two steel rods, A and B. B has three times the area and twice the length
of A, so Young's modulus for B will be what factor times Young's modulus for A?
A. 3.0
B. 0.5
C. 1.5
D. 1.0
10. A tire stops a car by use of friction. What modulus should we use to calculate the
stress and strain on the tire?
A. Young's modulus
B. compression modulus
C. shear modulus
D. bulk modulus

11. How large a force is necessary to stretch a 2.0-mm-diameter steel wire (Y =

2.0 ´ 10 N/m ) by 1.0%? A. 3.1 ´ 10 N
11 2 3

B. 6.3 ´ 10 N 3

C. 9.4 ´ 10 N 3

D. 1.3 ´ 10 N 4

12. The standard kilogram is a platinum-iridium cylinder 39.0 mm in height and 39.0
mm in diameter. What is the density of the material?
A. 21.5 g/cm 3

B. 19.3 g/cm 3

C. 13.6 g/cm 3

D. 10.7 g/cm 3

13. The quantity "pressure" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass,
length, time) is equivalent to:
A. MLT . -1

B. ML T .-1 -2

C. M L T .
2 -1 -3

D. a dimensionless quantity.

14. The pressure inside a commercial airliner is maintained at 1.00 atm (10 Pa). What
5

is the net outward force exerted on a 1.0 m ´ 2.0 m cabin door if the outside pressure
is 0.30 atm?
A. 140 N
B. 1 400 N
C. 14 000 N
D. 140 000 N

15. A stonecutter's chisel has an edge area of 0.50 cm . If the chisel is struck with a
2

force of 45 N, what is the pressure exerted on the stone?

A. 9 000 Pa
B. 90 000 Pa
C. 450 000 Pa
D. 900 000 Pa

16. When water freezes, it expands about nine percent. What would be the pressure
increase inside your automobile engine block if the water in there froze? (The bulk
modulus of ice is 2.0 ´ 10 Pa, and 1 atm = 1.0 ´ 10 Pa.)
9 5

A. 18 atm
B. 270 atm
C. 1 080 atm
D. 1 800 atm
17. The Greenland ice sheet can be one km thick. Estimate the pressure underneath
the ice. (The density of ice is 918 kg/m .)
3

A. 9.0 ´ 10 Pa (9 atm)
5

B. 2.5 ´ 10 Pa (25 atm)

6

C. 4.5 ´ 10 Pa (45 atm)

6

D. 9.0 ´ 10 Pa (90 atm)

6

18. What is the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4
´ 10 m, and atmospheric pressure at the surface is 10 N/m .)
6 5 2

A. 5 ´ 10 kg
16

B. 1 ´ 10 kg
18

C. 5 ´ 10 kg
18

D. 1 ´ 10 kg
20

19. A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 000
kg/m and the other having density of 6 000 kg/m . If the object contains equal
3 3

volumes of the materials, what is its average density? A. 3 000 kg/m 3

B. 4 000 kg/m 3

C. 5 300 kg/m 3

D. more information is needed

20. A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 000
kg/m and the other having density of 6 000 kg/m . If the object contains equal
3 3

masses of the materials, what is its average density? A. 3 000 kg/m 3

B. 4 000 kg/m 3

C. 5 300 kg/m 3

D. more information is needed

21. The maximum pressure that a certain type of drainpipe can safely withstand from
the water inside is 10 atmospheres above the outside pressure. The pipe is to run
from the roof to a storm drain connection in the basement of the building along a
corner of an inside wall. Leakage is not an option. If this drainpipe is to be
used with a tall building, what is the maximum height, of those given below, for this
drainpipe if it may be subject to clogging at the bottom? Assume that the pipe is in
an environment that surrounds it with 1.0 atmosphere pressure.where 1 atm = Pa.
A.
B.
C.
D.
22. A very tall building has a drainpipe that runs from the roof to a storm sewer under
the basement of the building. Unfortunately, over time the drainpipe becomes clogged
when it passes though the basement. How high above the clog does the water have to
be for the water near the clog to have its volume compressed by one tenth of one
percent? The bulk modulus of water is .
A.
B.
C.
D.

23. The bulk modulus of aluminum is Pa and that of copper is Pa.When identical
size cubes of aluminum and copper are subjected to high pressure, what is the ratio
of the change in volume of the aluminum cube to that of the copper cube?
A. 0.50
B. 2.0
C.
D.

24. What is the total force on the bottom of a 2.0-m-diameter by 1.0-m-deep round
wading pool due to the weight of the air and the weight of the water? (Note the
pressure contribution from the atmosphere is 1.0 ´ 10 N/m , the density of water is 1
5 2

000 kg/m , and g = 9.8 m/s .)

3 2

A. 3.4 ´ 10 N5

B. 2.4 ´ 10 N6

C. 3.2 ´ 10 N6

D. 6.0 ´ 10 N6

25. In a large tank of liquid, the hydrostatic pressure at a given

depth is a function of: A. depth.
B. surface area.
C. liquid density.
D. Choices a and c are both valid.

26. A 15 000-N car on a hydraulic lift rests on a cylinder with a piston of radius 0.20 m. If
a connecting cylinder with a piston of 0.040-m radius is driven by compressed air, what
force must be applied to this smaller piston in order to lift the car?
A. 600 N
B. 1 500 N
C. 3 000 N
D. 15 000 N
27. By what factor is the total pressure greater at a depth of 850 m in water than at the
surface where pressure is one atmosphere? (water density = 1.0 ´ 10 kg/m , 1
3 3

atmosphere pressure = 1.01 ´ 10 N/m , and g = 9.8 m/s ) A. 100

5 2 2

B. 83
C. 74
D. 19

28. If the column of mercury in a barometer stands at 72.6 cm, what is the
atmospheric pressure? (The density of mercury is 13.6 ´ 10 kg/m and g = 9.80 m/s )
3 3 2

A. 0.968 ´ 10 N/m
5 2

B. 1.03 ´ 10 N/m
5 2

C. 0.925 ´ 10 N/m
5 2

D. 1.07 ´ 10 N/m
5 2

29. Dams at two different locations are needed to form a lake. When the lake is filled,
the water level will be at the top of both dams. The Dam #2 is twice as high and twice
as wide as Dam #1. How much greater is the force of the water on Dam #2 than the
force on Dam #1? (Ignore atmospheric pressure; it is pushing on both sides of the
dams.)
A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 16

30. Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 ´ 10 N/m , and the density of air is 1.29 kg/m . If the
5 2 3

density of air is constant as you get higher and higher, calculate the height of the
atmosphere needed to produce this pressure. A. 7 900 m
B. 77 000 m
C. 1 260 m
D. 10 300 m

31. The water behind Grand Coulee Dam is 1 200 m wide and 150 m deep. Find the
hydrostatic force on the back of the dam. (Hint: the total force = average pressure ´
area)
A. 5.2 ´ 10 N
9

B. 8.8 ´ 10 N
10

C. 13.2 ´ 10 N 10

D. 18.0 ´ 10 N 10

32. How deep under the surface of a lake would the pressure be double that at the
surface? (1 atm = 1.01 ´ 10 Pa)
5

A. 1.00 m
B. 9.80 m
C. 10.3 m
D. 32.2 m

33. A piece of aluminum has density 2.70 g/cm and mass 775 g. The aluminum is
3

submerged in a container of oil (oil's density = 0.650 g/cm ). How much oil does the
3

metal displace?
A. 287 cm 3

B. 309 cm 3

C. 232 cm 3

D. 1 125 cm 3

34. A piece of aluminum has density 2.70 g/cm and mass 775 g. The aluminum is
3

submerged in a container of oil of density 0.650 g/cm . A spring balance is attached

3

with string to the piece of aluminum. What reading will the balance register in grams
(g) for the submerged metal?
A. 960 g
B. 775 g
C. 588 g
D. 190 g

35. A block of wood has density 0.50 g/cm and mass 1 500 g. It floats in a container of
3

oil (the oil's density is 0.75 g/cm ). What volume of oil does the wood displace?
3

A. 3 000 cm 3
B. 2 000 cm 3

C. 1 500 cm 3

D. 1 000 cm 3

36. What volume of water is displaced by a submerged 2.0-kg cylinder made of solid
aluminum? (aluminum density = 2.7 ´ 10 kg/m and water density = 1.0 ´ 10 kg/m )
3 3 3 3

A. 7.4 ´ l0 m
-4 3

B. 1.4 ´ 10 m
3 3

C. 9.9 ´ 10 m 3 3

D. 6.0 ´ 10 m 2 3

37. A ping-pong ball has an average density of 0.0840 g/cm and a diameter of 3.80
3

cm. What force would be required to keep the ball completely submerged under
water?
A. 1.000 N
B. 0.788 N
C. 0.516 N
D. 0.258 N

38. A cube of wood of density 0.78 g/cm is 10 cm on a side. When placed in water,
3

what height of the block will float above the surface? (water density = 1.00 g/cm )
3

A. 7.8 cm
B. 5.0 cm
C. 2.2 cm
D. 6.4 cm

39. The bottom of a flat-bottomed aluminum boat has an area of 4.0 m and the boat's
2

mass is 60 kg. When set afloat in water, how far below the water surface is the boat
bottom? (water density = 1.0 ´ 10 kg/m ) A. 0.060 m
3 3

B. 0.015 m
C. 0.030 m
D. 0.075 m

40. The bottom of a flat-bottomed aluminum boat has area = 4.0 m and mass = 60
2

kg. If two fishermen and their fishing gear with total mass of 300 kg are placed in
the boat, how much lower will the boat ride in the water? (H O density = 1.0 ´ 10
2
3

kg/m )
3

A. 0.15 m
B. 0.090 m
C. 0.075 m
D. 0.060 m

41. Legend says that Archimedes, in determining whether or not the king's crown
was made of pure gold, measured its volume by the water displacement method. If
the density of gold is 19.3 g/cm , and the crown's mass is 600 g, what volume would
3

be necessary to prove that it is pure gold?

A. 31.1 cm 3

B. 114 ´ 10 cm
3 3

C. 22.8 ´ 10 cm3 3

D. 1.81 ´ 10 cm-2 3

42. A solid rock, suspended in air by a spring scale, has a measured mass of 9.00
kg. When the rock is submerged in water, the scale reads 3.30 kg. What is the
density of the rock? (water density = 1 000 kg/m ) A. 4.55 ´ 10 kg/m
3 3 3

B. 3.50 ´ 10 kg/m
3 3

C. 1.20 ´ 10 kg/m
3 3

D. 1.58 ´ 10 kg/m
3 3

43. As ice floats in water, about 10% of the ice floats above the surface of the water.
If we float some ice in a glass of water, what will happen to the water level as the ice
melts?
A. The water level will rise 10% of the volume of the ice that melts.
B. The water level will rise, but not as much as the 10% indicated in answer a.
C. The water level will remain unchanged.
D. The water level will become lower.

44. A large stone is resting on the bottom of the swimming pool. The normal force of
the bottom of the pool on the stone is equal to the:
A. weight of the stone.
B. weight of the water displaced.
C. sum of the weight of the stone and the weight of the displaced water.
D. difference between the weight of the stone and the weight of the displaced water.

45. A blimp is filled with 400 m of helium. How big a payload can the balloon lift? (The
3

density of air is 1.29 kg/m ; the density of helium is 0.18 kg/m .)

3 3

A. 111 kg
B. 129 kg
C. 215 kg
D. 444 kg

46. A heavily loaded boat is floating in a pond. The boat sinks because of a leak.
What happens to the surface level of the pond?
A. It stays the same.
B. It goes up.
C. It goes down.
D. More information is needed to reach a conclusion.
47. A heavily loaded boat is floating in a pond. The boat starts to sink because of a
leak but quick action plugging the leak stops the boat from going under although it is
now deeper in the water. What happens to the surface level of the pond?
A. It stays the same.
B. It goes up.
C. It goes down.
D. More information is needed to reach a conclusion.

48. A block of wood has specific gravity 0.80. When placed in water, what percent of
the volume of the wood is above the surface?
A. 0, the block sinks.
B. 20%
C. 25%
D. 80%

49. An ideal fluid flows through a pipe made of two sections with diameters of 1.0 and
3.0 inches, respectively. The speed of the fluid flow through the 3.0-inch section will be
what factor times that through the 1.0-inch section?
A. 6.0
B. 9.0
C. 1/3
D. 1/9

50. The flow rate of a liquid through a 2.0-cm-radius pipe is 0.008 0 m /s. The average
3

fluid speed in the pipe is:

A. 0.64 m/s.
B. 2.0 m/s.
C. 0.040 m/s.
D. 6.4 m/s.
51. Think of Bernoulli's equation as it pertains to an ideal fluid flowing through a
horizontal pipe. Imagine that you take measurements along the pipe in the direction of
fluid flow. What happens to the sum of the pressure and energy per unit volume?
A. It increases as the pipe diameter increases.
B. It decreases as the pipe diameter increases.
C. It remains constant as the pipe diameter increases.
D. No choices above are valid.
52. An ideal fluid, of density 0.85 ´ 10 kg/m , flows at 0.25 kg/s through a pipe of radius
3 3

0.010 m. What is the fluid speed?

A. 0.85 m/s
B. 1.3 m/s
C. 3.0 m/s
D. 0.94 m/s

53. An ideal fluid, of density 0.90 ´ 10 kg/m , flows at 6.0 m/s through a level pipe with
3 3

radius of 0.50 cm. The pressure in the fluid is 1.3 ´ 10 N/m . This pipe connects to a
5 2

second level pipe, with radius of 1.5 cm. Find the speed of flow in the second pipe.
A. 54 m/s
B. 18 m/s
C. 0.67 m/s
D. 0.33 m/s

54. The flow rate of blood through the average human aorta, of radius 1.0 cm, is
about 90 cm /s. What is the speed of the blood flow through the aorta?
3

A. 14 cm/s
B. 32 cm/s
C. 37 cm/s
D. 29 cm/s

55. Water (density = 1 ´ 10 kg/m ) flows at 15 m/s through a pipe with radius 0.040 m.
3 3

The pipe goes up to the second floor of the building, 3.0 m higher, and the pressure
remains unchanged. What is the speed of the water flow in the pipe on the second
floor?
A. 13 m/s
B. 14 m/s
C. 15 m/s
D. 16 m/s
56. Water (density = 1 ´ 10 kg/m ) flows at 10 m/s through a pipe with radius 0.030 m.
3 3

The pipe goes up to the second floor of the building, 2.0 m higher, and the pressure
remains unchanged. What is the radius of the pipe on the second floor?
A. 0.046 m
B. 0.034 m
C. 0.015 m
D. 0.012 m
57. Air pressure is 1.0 ´ 10 N/m , air density is 1.3 kg/m , and the density of soft drinks
5 2 3

is 1.0 ´ 10 kg/m . If one blows carefully across the top of a straw sticking up 0.100 m
3 3

from the liquid in a soft drink can, it is possible to make the soft drink rise half way up
the straw and stay there. How fast must the air be blown across the top of the straw?
A. 76 m/s
B. 27 m/s
C. 19 m/s
D. 0.99 m/s

58. A hole is poked through the metal side of a drum holding water. The hole is 18 cm
below the water surface. What is the initial speed of outflow?
A. 1.9 m/s
B. 2.96 m/s
C. 3.2 m/s
D. 3.5 m/s

59. Water comes down the spillway of a dam from an initial vertical height of 170
m. What is the highest possible speed of the water at the end of the spillway?
A. 15 m/s
B. 25 m/s
C. 58 m/s
D. 1 370 m/s

60. Water pressurized to 3 ´ 10 Pa is flowing at 5.0 m/s in a pipe which contracts to 1/3
5

of its former area. What are the pressure and speed of the water after the contraction?
(Density of water = 1 ´ 10 kg/m .) A. 2 ´ 10 Pa, 15 m/s
3 3 5

B. 3 ´ 10 Pa, 10 m/s
5

C. 3 ´ 10 Pa, 15 m/s
5

D. 4 ´ 10 Pa, 1.5 m/s

5
61. A fountain sends water to a height of 100 m. What must be the pressurization
(above atmospheric) of the underground water system? (1 atm = 10 N/m )5 2

A. 1 atm
B. 4.2 atm
C. 7.2 atm
D. 9.8 atm
62. The Garfield Thomas water tunnel at Pennsylvania State University has a circular
cross-section that constricts from a diameter of 3.6 m to the test section, which is 1.2 m
in diameter. If the speed of flow is 3.0 m/s in the large-diameter pipe, determine the
speed of flow in the test section.
A. 9.0 m/s
B. 18 m/s
C. 27 m/s
D. 1.0 m/s

63. A Boeing-737 airliner has a mass of 20 000 kg. The total area of the wings is
100 m . What must be the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the
2

wings to keep the airplane up? A. 1 960 Pa

B. 3 920 Pa
C. 7 840 Pa
D. 15 700 Pa

64. How much air must be pushed downward at 40.0 m/s to keep an
800-kg helicopter aloft? A. 98.0 kg/s
B. 196 kg/s
C. 294 kg/s
D. 392 kg/s

65. A jet of water flowing from a hose at 15 m/s is directed against a wall. If the mass
flow in the fluid stream is 2.0 kg/s, what force is the water applying to the wall if
backsplash is negligible?
A. 30 N
B. 40 N
C. 65 N
D. 127 N

66. A Venturi tube may be used as the inlet to an automobile carburetor. If the inlet
pipe of 2.0 cm diameter narrows to 1.0 cm diameter, what is the pressure drop in the
constricted section for airflow of 3.0 m/s in the 2- cm section? (Assume air density is
1.25 kg/m .)
3

A. 70 Pa
B. 84 Pa
C. 100 Pa
D. 115 Pa
67. Water is sent from a fire hose at 30 m/s at an angle of 30 above the horizontal.
What is the maximum height reached by the water?
A. 7.5 m
B. 11 m
C. 15 m
D. 19 m

68. How much power is theoretically available from a mass flow of 1 000 kg/s of
water that falls a vertical distance of 100 m?
A. 980 kW
B. 98 kW
C. 4 900 W
D. 980 W

69. A fluid is drawn up through a tube as shown below. The atmospheric pressure is the
same at both ends. Use Bernoulli's equation to determine the speed of fluid flow out of
the tank. If the height difference from the top of the tank to the bottom of the siphon is
1.0 m, then the speed of outflow is:
A. 1.1 m/s
B. 2.2 m/s
C. 4.4 m/s
D. 8.8 m/s

70. It takes 2.0 minutes to fill a gas tank with 40 liters of gasoline. If the pump nozzle is
1.0 cm in radius, what is the average speed of the gasoline as it leaves the nozzle? (1
000 liters = one cubic meter) A. 0.27 m/s
B. 1.1 m/s
C. 11 m/s
D. 64 m/s
71. Water is being sprayed from a nozzle at the end of a garden hose of diameter 2.0
cm. If the nozzle has an opening of diameter 0.50 cm, and if the water leaves the
nozzle at a speed of 10 m/s, what is the speed of the water inside the hose?
A. 0.63 m/s
B. 0.80 m/s
C. 2.5 m/s
D. also 10 m/s

72. A unit for viscosity, the centipoise, is equal to which of the following?
A. 10 Ns/m
-3 2

B. 10 Ns/m
-2 2

C. 10 Ns/m
-1 2

D. 10 Ns/m
2 2

73. The condition for onset of turbulent flow is that the Reynolds
Number reaches what value? A. 1 000
B. 2 000
C. 3 000
D. 4 000

74. A fluid has a density of 1 040 kg/m . If it rises to a height of 1.8 cm in a 1.0-mm
3

diameter capillary tube, what is the surface tension of the liquid? Assume a contact
angle of zero.
A. 0.046 N/m
B. 0.056 N/m
C. 0.092 N/m
D. 0.11 N/m

75. A pipe carrying water has a radius of 1.0 cm. If the flow velocity is 9.0 cm/s,
which of the following characterizes the flow? Take the viscosity of water to be
1.0 ´ 10 Ns/m.
-3

A. streamlined
B. unstable
C. turbulent
D. stagnant
76. In order to overcome a surface tension of a fluid, a force of 1.32 ´ 10 N is
-2

required to lift a wire ring of circumference 12.0 cm. What is the surface tension of
the fluid?
A. 0.055 N/m
B. 0.11 N/m
C. 0.035 N/m
D. 0.018 N/m
77. A pipe of diameter three cm is replaced by one of the same length but of diameter
six cm. If the pressure difference between the ends of the pipe remains the same, by
what factor is the rate of flow of a viscous liquid through it changed?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 16

78. Spherical particles of density 2.0 g/cm are shaken in a container of water (viscosity
3

= 1.0 ´ 10 Ns/m ). The water is 8.0 cm deep and is allowed to stand for 30 minutes.
-3 3

What is the greatest terminal velocity of the particles still in suspension at that time?
A. 0.55 ´ 10 m/s -5

B. 1.1 ´ 10 m/s
-5

C. 2.2 ´ 10 m/s-5

D. 4.4 ´ 10 m/s-5

79. Spherical particles of density 2.0 g/cm are shaken in a container of water
3

(viscosity = 1.0 ´ 10 Ns/m ). The water is 8.0 cm deep and is allowed to stand for 30
-3 3

minutes. What is the radius of the largest particles still in suspension at that time?
A. 4.5 ´ 10 m -6

B. 9.0 ´ 10 m
-6

C. 2.3 ´ 10 m -6

D. 5.6 ´ 10 m -6

80. A centrifuge rotates at 100 rev/s (i.e., 628 rad/s). If the test tube places the
suspension at 8.0 cm from the axis of rotation, by what factor are the terminal
speeds of the settling particles increased as compared to sedimentation cause by
gravity?
A. 3.2 ´ 10 2

B. 64
C. 800
D. 3.9 ´ 10 5

81. Which of the following characterizes the net force on a particle falling through a
fluid at its terminal speed? A. It is at a maximum.
B. It is upwards.
C. It is downwards.
D. It is zero.
82. A container is filled with water and the pressure at the container bottom is P. If the
container is instead filled with oil having specific gravity 0.80, what new bottom pressure
results?
A. a pressure < P
B. the same pressure P
C. a pressure > P
D. This is unable to be determined with the information given.

83. A container is filled with water and the pressure at the bottom of the container is
P. Then the container is emptied halfway and topped off with oil of density 0.80 ´ 10 3

kg/m , which floats on top of the water. What is the pressure at the bottom of the
3

container now?
A. a pressure < P
B. the same pressure P
C. a pressure > P
D. This is unable to be determined with the information given.

84. At a pressure of 1 atmosphere a column of mercury in a barometer is supported

to the height h = 0.76 m. The density of mercury is 13.6 ´ 10 kg/m . A barometer of
3 3

similar design filled with water would support a column of water how high at a
pressure of 1 atmosphere?
A. more than ten times h
B. about 1.36 h
C. less than one tenth h
D. the same height h

85. When an artery gets a constricted region due to plaque, how does the pressure in
this region compare to the pressure in an unconstricted region adjacent?
A. Since this is a closed system, the pressure is the same in both regions.
B. In the constricted region the blood moves at a higher speed than in the
unconstricted region resulting in an increased pressure.
C. In the constricted region the blood moves at a higher speed than in the
unconstricted region resulting in a decreased pressure.
D. In the constricted region the blood moves at a lower speed than in the
unconstricted region resulting in an increased pressure.
86. An ice cube with a small solid steel sphere frozen inside floats in a glass of water
filled to the brim. What happens to the level of water in the glass as a result of the ice
melting?
A. It goes up, overflowing.
B. It stays the same.
C. It goes down.
D. It depends on air pressure, thus the answer is indeterminate.

A solid sphere and a solid cylinder both have the same radius and mass. If the sphere is
spun about an axis through it center with angular velocity , what angular velocity must the
sphere

cylinder have to the same rotational kinetic energy as the sphere? Round your answer to 2
significant figures. c. cylinder = 0.64 sphere

When an object is moving in simple harmonic motion, which of the following is at a minimum
when the displacement from equilibrium is zero?
b. the magnitude of the acceleration

A uniform bridge span weighs 70.0 × 10 N and is 40.0 m long. An automobile weighing 15.0
3

× 10 N is parked with its center of gravity located 12.0 m from the right pier. What upward
3

support force does the right pier provide?

c. 45.5 × 10 N 3

Consider two different rods. The greatest thermal conductivity will be in the rod with:
c. the greater cross-sectional area.
A uniform, horizontal beam of length 6.0 m and weight 140 N is attached at one end to a
wall by a pin connection (so that it may rotate). A cable attached to the wall above the pin
supports the opposite end. The cable makes an angle of 60° with the horizontal. What is
the tension in the cable needed to maintain the beam in equilibrium?
b. 70 N

The condition for onset of turbulent flow is that the Reynolds Number reaches what value?

b. 3 000

A uniform pressure of 8.1 × 10 N/m is applied to all six sides of a copper cube. What is the
5 2

percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper, B = 14 × 10 N/m )

10 2

b. 0.6 × 10 %
−3

A Boeing-737 airliner has a mass of 20 300 kg. The total area of the wings is 105 m . What must
2

be the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the wings to keep the airplane up?
b. 1 895 Pa
An 800-N billboard worker stands on a 4.0-m scaffold weighing 500 N and supported by
vertical ropes at each end. How far would the worker stand from one of the supporting ropes
to produce a tension of 770 N in that rope?
d. 1.4 m

Marc attaches a falling 500-kg object with a rope through a pulley to a paddle wheel shaft.
He places the system in a well-insulated tank holding 35 kg of water. When the object falls,
it causes the paddle wheel to rotate and churn the water. If the object falls a vertical distance
of 90 m at constant speed, what is the temperature change of the water? (1 kcal = 4 186 J,
the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C, and g = 9.8 m/s )
2

b. 3.0 C°

Of the following systems, which contains the most heat?

c. 100 kg of water at 80°C
Two hoops or rings (I = MR ) are centered, lying on a turntable. The smaller ring has radius =
2

0.05 m; the larger has radius = 0.1 m. Both have a mass of 5.0kg.What is the total moment
of inertia as the turntable spins? Ignore the mass of the turntable. d. 0.0625 kg·m 2

The surfaces of a Dewar flask are silvered for the purpose of minimizing heat transfer by
what process? convection

A solar heated house loses about 5.2 × 10 cal through its outer surfaces on a typical 24-h winter
7

day. What mass of storage rock is needed to provide this amount of heat if it is brought up to
initial temperature of 59°C by the solar collectors and the house is maintained at 20°C?
(Specific heat of rock is 0.21 cal/g⋅°C.)
b. 6,300 kg

The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical orbit.
Compare the motion at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to the motion at the point farthest
from the Earth (apogee). At the point closest to the Earth:
a. None of the above.
A 0.20-kg mass is oscillating on a spring over a horizontal, frictionless surface. When it is at
a displacement of 2.6 cm from equilibrium, it has a kinetic energy of 2.7 J and a spring potential
energy of 2.2 J. What is the maximum speed of the mass during its oscillation?

d. 3.7 m/s

A car with bad shocks bounces up and down with a period of 1.50 s after hitting a bump. The
car has a mass of 1250 kg and is supported by four springs of force constant k. What is k for
each spring?
b. 4440 N/m

Suppose a car has a 100,000 mile 10 year warranty on the wheels and axles of a car. How may
turns will the wheels of 0.80-m diameter make if both the mileage and time warranties run out
simultaneously and what will be the average angular velocities of the wheel? Assume that a
mile = m and that a year
is s. e. , 0.2 rad/s

The thermal conductivity of aluminum is 238 J/s⋅m⋅°C and of lead is 34.7 J/s⋅m⋅°C. A rod of
each material is used as a heat conductor. If the rods have the same geometry and are used
between the same temperature differences for the same time interval, what is the ratio of the
heat transferred by aluminum to the heat transferred by the lead?
e. 3.43

A bowling ball has a mass of 8.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 3.2 × 10 kg·m , and a radius of
−2 2

0.10 m. If it rolls down the lane without slipping at a linear speed of 3 m/s, what is its
angular speed? a. 30 rad/s

Module 1 Exam
Question 1
10 / 10 pts
A steel piano string is attached, under tension, at each end to secure
posts. When gently struck, a faint note can be detected coming from
the string. The string is then cooled by blowing cold air over it and
then is struck again. How does the note now detected compare to the
previous one.

More than one answer is correct.

It is at a higher frequency than the original one.

It is at a lower frequency than the original one.

It is the same since the posts don’t move.

A 0.200-kg object, attached to a spring with spring constant k = 16.0 N/m, is moving on a
horizontal frictionless surface in simple harmonic motion of amplitude of 0.0840 m. What is its
speed at the instant when its displacement is 0.0420 m? (Hint: Use conservation of energy.)

6.51 m/s

46.0 cm/s

0.269 m/s

84.0 cm/s
Correct!
65.1 cm/s

Question 3
10 / 10 pts
The position of a 0.76-kg mass undergoing simple harmonic motion is given by x = (0.160 m)
cos (πt/16). What is the maximum net force on the mass as it oscillates?

6.2E–3 N

2.9E–2 N

2.4E–2 N
Correct!

4.7E–3 N

2.4E–2 N

Question 4
0 / 10 pts
A wave is traveling in a string at 50 m/s. When the tension is then
increased 18%, what will be the resulting wave speed?
Correct Answer

54 m/s

also 50 m/s
You Answered

59 m/s

45 m/s

21 m/s

Question 5
10 / 10 pts
A water bug on the surface of a pond bobs up and down three times per second on ripples with
wavelength 10.5 cm. A fish resting at the surface of the pond is 8.50 m from the water bug.
How long does it take a ripple passing the water bug to reach the fish? 27.0 s

Question 6
10 / 10 pts
The kinetic energy of the bob on a simple pendulum swinging in
simple harmonic motion has its maximum value when the
displacement from equilibrium is at what point in its swing?

zero displacement

Question 7
10 / 10 pts
Consider two identical and symmetrical wave pulses on a string.
Suppose the first pulse reaches the fixed end of the string and is
reflected back and then meets the second pulse. When the two
pulses overlap exactly, the superposition principle predicts that
the amplitude of the resultant pulses, at that moment, will be what
factor times the amplitude of one of the original pulses? 0

Question 8
10 / 10 pts
An earthquake emits both P-waves and S-waves that travel at different
speeds through the Earth. A P-wave travels at 9 000 m/s and an S-wave at
4 000 m/s. If P-waves are received at a seismic station 34.0 s before an S-
wave arrives, how far is the station from the earthquake center?

2.45E+5 m

Question 9 10 / 10 pts
The position of a 0.64-kg mass undergoing simple harmonic motion is given by x = (0.160 m)
cos (πt/16). What is its period of oscillation? 32 s

Question 10
10 / 10 pts
A 0.20-kg mass is oscillating on a spring over a horizontal frictionless surface. When it is at a
displacement of 2.3 cm for equilibrium it has a kinetic energy of 1.5 J and a spring potential
energy of 2.3 J. What is the maximum speed of the mass during its
oscillation? 6.2 m/s

Chapter 12--The Laws of Thermodynamics Key

1. The volume of an ideal gas changes from 0.40 to 0.55 m although its pressure
3

remains constant at 50 000 Pa. What work is done on the system by its environment?
A. -7 500 J
B. -200 000 J
C. 7 500 J
D. 200 000 J

2. During an isobaric process which one of the following does not change?
A. volume
B. temperature
C. internal energy
D. pressure

3. Area on a P-V diagram has units associated with:

A. energy.
B. momentum.
C. temperature.
D. change in temperature.

4. What is the work done on the gas as it expands from pressure P and volume V to
1 1

pressure P and volume V2 along the indicated straight line?

2

A. (P + P ) (V - V )/2
1 2 1 2

B. (P + P ) (V - V )
1 2 1 2

C. (P + P ) (V - V )/2
1 2 1 2

D. (P - P ) (V + V )
1 2 1 2

5. On a P-V diagram, an ____ process is represented by a horizontal line.

A. isobaric
B. isothermal
C. isovolumetric
D. adiabatic
6. In an isobaric process 4.5 ´ 10 J of work is done on a quantity of gas while its
4

volume changes from 2.6 m to 1.1 m . What is the pressure during this process?
3 3

A. 1.2 ´ 10 Pa
4

B. 2.4 ´ 10 Pa
4

C. 3.0 ´ 10 Pa
4

D. 4.1 ´ 10 Pa
4

7. In the first law of thermodynamics, , W is positive when

A. the work is being done on the environment by the system.
B. the work is being done on the system by the environment.
C. the work is being done on the environment by the system, and the
temperature of the system goes up. D. the work is being done on the system by
the environment, and the temperature of the system goes up.

8. A system is acted on by its surroundings in such a way that it receives 50 J of

heat while simultaneously doing 20 J of work. What is its net change in internal
energy?
A. 70 J
B. 30 J
C. zero
D. -30 J

9. In an isothermal process for an ideal gas system (where the internal energy
doesn't change), which of the following choices best corresponds to the value of
the work done on the system?
A. its heat intake
B. twice its heat intake
C. the negative of its heat intake
D. twice the negative of its heat intake

10. According to the first law of thermodynamics, the sum of the heat gained by a
system and the work done on that same system is equivalent to which of the
following?
A. entropy change
B. internal energy change
C. temperature change
D. specific heat
11. If an ideal gas does positive work on its surroundings, we may
assume, with regard to the gas: A. temperature increases.
B. volume increases.
C. pressure increases.
D. internal energy decreases.

12. In an isovolumetric process by an ideal gas, the system's heat gain is

equivalent to a change in: A. temperature.
B. volume.
C. pressure.
D. internal energy.

13. A 2.0-mol ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4.0 L. If 100 J of
heat is added, what is the work done on the system?
A. zero
B. 5.0 J
C. -6.7 J
D. 20 J

14. A closed 2.0-L container holds 3.0 mol of an ideal gas. If 200 J of heat is
added, what is the change in internal energy of the system?
A. zero
B. 100 J
C. 150 J
D. 200 J

15. The adiabatic index of a gas is given by which of the following?

A. C /CV
P

B. C /CP
V

C. C - CV
P

D. C + CV
P

16. An adiabatic expansion refers to the fact that:

A. no heat is transferred between a system and its surroundings.
B. the pressure remains constant.
C. the temperature remains constant.
D. the volume remains constant.
17. A 4-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands
and does 20 J of work on its environment. What is its change in internal energy?
A. -20 J
B. -5 J
C. zero
D. +20 J

18. A 4-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands
and does 20 J of work on its environment. How much heat is received by the
system?
A. -20 J
B. zero
C. +5 J
D. +20 J

19. A quantity of monatomic ideal gas expands adiabatically from a volume of 2.0
liters to 6.0 liters. If the initial pressure is P , what is the final pressure?
0

A. 9.0 P0
B. 6.2 P0
C. 3.0 P0
D. 0.16 P0

20. A 5-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic free expansion (a rapid
expansion into a vacuum), going from an initial volume of 10 L to a final volume of 20
L. How much work is done on the system during this adiabatic free expansion?
A. -50 J
B. -10 J
C. zero
D. +50 J

21. Which of the following increases the internal energy of a solid metal rod?
A. raising it to a greater height
B. throwing it through the air
C. having the rod conduct heat
D. having the rod absorb heat
22. As the ideal gas expands from pressure P and volume V to pressure P and
1 1 2

volume V along the indicated straight line, it is possible that:

2
A. the temperature stays constant.
B. the internal energy decreases.
C. the gas is changing state.
D. all of the above are impossible for this particular graph.

23. Heat is applied to an ice-water mixture to melt some of the ice. In this process:
A. work is done by the ice-water mixture.
B. the temperature increases.
C. the internal energy increases.
D. all of the above are correct.

24. An ideal gas at pressure, volume, and temperature, P , V , and T , respectively, is

0 0 0

heated to point A, allowed to expand to point B also at A's temperature 2T , and then 0

returned to the original condition. The internal energy increases by 3P V /2 going from 0 0

point T to point A. How much heat entered the gas from point T to point A?
0 0

A. 0
B. P V /2
0 0

C. 3 P V /2 0 0

D. 5 P V /2 0 0

25. An ideal gas at pressure, volume, and temperature, P , V , and T , respectively, is

0 0 0

heated to point A, allowed to expand to point B also at A's temperature 2T , and then 0

returned to the original condition. The internal energy decreases by 3P V /2 going from 0 0

point B to point T . How much heat left the gas from point B to point T ?
0 0

A. 0
B. P V /2
0 0

C. 3P V /2
0 0

D. 5P V /2
0 0

26. An ideal gas at pressure, volume, and temperature, P , V , and T , respectively, is

0 0 0

heated to point A, allowed to expand to point B also at A's temperature 2T , and then 0
returned to the original condition. The internal energy decreases by 3P V /2 going from
0 0

point B to point T . In going around this cycle once, which quantity equals zero?
0

A. the net change in internal energy of the gas

B. the net work done by the gas
C. the net heat added to the gas
D. All three are zero.
27. A cylinder containing an ideal gas has a volume of 2.0 m and a pressure of 1.0 ´
3

10 Pa at a temperature of 300 K. The cylinder is placed against a metal block that is

5

maintained at 900 K and the gas expands as the pressure remains constant until the
temperature of the gas reaches 900 K. The change in internal energy of the gas is
+6.0 ´ 10 J. How much heat did the gas absorb?
5

A. 0
B. 4.0 ´ 10 J 5

C. 6.0 ´ 10 J 5

D. 10 ´ 10 J 5

28. A thermodynamic process that happens very quickly tends to be:

A. isobaric.
B. isothermal.
C. isovolumetric.
D. adiabatic.

29. System 1 is 4.30 moles of a monatomic ideal gas held at a constant volume as it
undergoes a temperature increase. System 2 is 4.30 moles of a diatomic ideal gas
held at constant volume as it also undergoes a temperature increase. The thermal
energy absorbed by System 1 is , and the thermal energy absorbed by System 2 is
as both systems undergo a temperature increase of 75.0 K. What is the ratio ? A.
1.00
B. 0.600
C. 1.67
D. The volumes of the systems need to be known before the ratio can be found.

30. System 1 is 3.5 moles of a monatomic ideal gas held at a constant volume of
2.22 L as it undergoes a temperature increase. System 2 is 3.5 moles of a diatomic
ideal gas held at a constant volume of 2.22 L as it undergoes a temperature
increase equal to the temperature increase of System 1. The pressure increase
for system 1 is and for System 2 is during the temperature increases. What is the
ratio of ? A. 1.00
B. 0.600
C. 1.67
D. 2.50

31. How much thermal energy must be added to 7.30 moles of a diatomic ideal gas to
raise its temperature 22.5 K?
A. 467 J
B. 1 460 J
C. 2 050 J
D. 3 410 J
32. A heat engine exhausts 3 000 J of heat while performing 1 500 J of useful work.
What is the efficiency of the engine?
A. 15%
B. 33%
C. 50%
D. 60%

33. A heat engine operating between a pair of hot and cold reservoirs with respective
temperatures of 500 K and 200 K will have what maximum efficiency?
A. 60%
B. 50%
C. 40%
D. 30%

34. An electrical power plant manages to send 88% of the heat produced in the
burning of fossil fuel into the water-to-steam conversion. Of the heat carried by the
steam, 40% is converted to the mechanical energy of the spinning turbine. Which of
the following choices best describes the overall efficiency of the heat-to-
work conversion in the plant (as a percentage)?
A. greater than 88%
B. 64%
C. less than 40%
D. 40%

35. According to the second law of thermodynamics, which of the following applies to
the heat received from a high temperature reservoir by a heat engine operating in a
complete cycle?
A. must be completely converted to work
B. equals the entropy increase
C. converted completely into internal energy
D. cannot be completely converted to work

36. The maximum theoretical thermodynamic efficiency of a heat engine

operating between hot and cold reservoirs is a function of which of the
following?
A. hot reservoir temperature only
B. cold reservoir temperature only
C. both hot and cold reservoir temperatures
D. None of the above choices are valid.
37. A heat engine receives 6 000 J of heat from its combustion process and loses 4
000 J through the exhaust and friction. What is its efficiency?
A. 33%
B. 40%
C. 67%
D. 73%

38. If a heat engine has an efficiency of 30% and its power output is 600 W, what is
the rate of heat input from the combustion phase?
A. 1 800 W
B. 2 400 W
C. 2 000 W
D. 3 000 W

39. A turbine takes in 1 000-K steam and exhausts the steam at a temperature of 500
K. What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of this system?
A. 24%
B. 33%
C. 50%
D. 67%

40. An electrical generating plant operates at a boiler temperature of 220C and

exhausts the unused heat into a nearby river at 18C. What is the maximum theoretical
efficiency of the plant? (0C = 273 K) A. 61%
B. 32%
C. 21%
D. 41%
41. An electrical generating plant operates at a boiler temperature of 220C and
exhausts the unused heat into a nearby river at 19C. If the generating plant has a
power output of 800 megawatts (MW) and if the actual efficiency is 3/4 the theoretical
efficiency, how much heat per second must be delivered to the boiler? (0C = 273 K)
A. 5 200 MW
B. 1 810 MW
C. 3 620 MW
D. 2 620 MW
42. During each cycle of operation a refrigerator absorbs 55 cal from the freezer
compartment and expels 85 cal to the room. If one cycle occurs every 10 s, how many
minutes will it take to freeze 500 g of water, initially at 0C? (L = 80 cal/g)
v

A. 800 min
B. 4 400 min
C. 120 min
D. 60 min

43. In which system is heat usually transferred from the cooler

part to the warmer part? A. a stove as it heats up water
B. a refrigerator that is running
C. an electric fan that is running
D. none of the above, because it is impossible to transfer heat in this manner

44. When gasoline is burned, it gives off 46 000 J/g of heat energy. If an automobile
uses 13.0 kg of gasoline per hour with an efficiency of 21%, what is the average
horsepower output of the engine? (1 hp = 746 W) A. 47 hp
B. 110 hp
C. 67 hp
D. 34 hp

45. Suppose a power plant uses a Carnot engine to generate electricity, using the
atmosphere at 300 K as the low-temperature reservoir. Suppose the power plant
produces 1 ´ 10 J of electricity with the hot reservoir at 500 K during Day One and then
6

produces 1 ´ 10 J of electricity with the hot reservoir at 600 K during Day Two. The
6

thermal pollution was:

A. greatest on Day One.
B. greatest on Day Two.
C. the same on both days.
D. zero on both days.
46. The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between 100C
and 0C is most nearly: A. 7%.
B. 15%.
C. 27%.
D. 51%.
47. An 800-MW electric power plant has an efficiency of 30%. It loses its waste heat
in large cooling towers. Approximately how much waste heat (in MJ) is discharged to
the atmosphere per second? A. 1 200 MJ
B. 1 900 MJ
C. 800 MJ
D. 560 MJ

48. A gasoline engine with an efficiency of 30.0% operates between a high

temperature T and a low temperature T = 320 K. If this engine operates with
1 2

Carnot efficiency, what is the high-side temperature T ? A. 1 070 K

1

B. 868 K
C. 614 K
D. 457 K

49. The Carnot cycle consists of a combination of ____ and ____ processes.
A. isobaric, isovolumetric
B. isovolumetric, adiabatic
C. isobaric, isothermal
D. adiabatic, isothermal

50. Of the following heat engines, which has the highest efficiency?
A. Hero's engine
B. a Carnot engine
C. a car's gasoline engine
D. a truck's diesel engine

51. A Carnot engine runs between a hot reservoir at T and a cold reservoir at T . If
h c

one of the temperatures is either increased or decreased by 3.5 K, which of the

following changes would increase the efficiency by the greatest amount?
A. increasing Th
B. increasing Tc
C. decreasing Tc
D. cannot be determined from information given
52. On a P-V diagram, if a process involves a closed curve, the area
inside the curve represents: A. internal energy.
B. heat.
C. work.
D. zero.
53. The P-V diagram of a cyclic process shows a curve that encloses an area. The
work done by the heat engine, represented by the enclosed area, is positive when the
path around the area proceeds in which of the following fashions?
A. clockwise
B. counterclockwise
C. It is always positive.
D. It is always negative.

54. A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 4.0. When removing 2.4

´ 10 J from inside the refrigerator, how much energy is sent into the
4

environment?
A. 9.6 ´ 10 J
4

B. 3.0 ´ 10 J
4

C. 1.8 ´ 10 J
4

D. 0.60 ´ 10 J4

55. Which of the following choices best corresponds to what is required by the second
law of thermodynamics for any process taking place in an isolated system?
A. entropy decreases
B. entropy remains constant
C. entropy increases
D. entropy equals work done on the system

56. Which of the following choices is an appropriate unit for

measuring entropy changes? A. JK
B. NK
C. J/s
D. J/K

57. If one could observe the individual atoms making up a piece of matter and note
that during a process of change their motion somehow became more orderly, then
one may assume which of the following in regard to the system?
A. increases in entropy
B. decreases in entropy
C. gains in thermal energy
D. positive work done on
58. A 1.0-kg chunk of ice at 0C melts, absorbing 80 000 cal of heat in the process.
Which of the following best describes what happens to this system?
A. increased entropy
B. lost entropy
C. entropy maintained constant
D. work converted to energy

59. According to the first law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur
within an isolated system, which of the following choices applies?
A. entropy remains constant
B. entropy increases
C. entropy decreases
D. None of the above choices apply.

60. A 2.00-kg block of ice is at STP (0C, 1 atm) while it melts completely to water.
What is its change in entropy? (For ice, L = 3.34 ´ 10 J/kg)
f
5

A. zero
B. 584 J/K
C. 1 220 J/K
D. 2 450 J/K

61. One kilogram of water at 1.00 atm at the boiling point of 100C is heated until all the
water vaporizes. What is its change in entropy? (For water, L = 2.26 ´ 10 J/kg)
v
6

A. 12 100 J/K
B. 6 060 J/K
C. 3 030 J/K
D. 1 220 J/K

62. What is the change in entropy (DS) when one mole of silver (108 g) is completely
melted at 961C? (The heat of fusion of silver is 8.82 ´ 10 J/kg.)
4

A. 5.53 J/K
B. 7.72 J/K
C. 9.91 J/K
D. 12.10 J/K
63. An avalanche of ice and snow of mass 1 800 kg slides a vertical distance of 160 m
down a mountainside. If the temperature of the ice, snow, mountain and surrounding
air are all at 0C, what is the change in entropy of the universe?
A. 31 000 J/K
B. 10 000 J/K
C. 3 200 J/K
D. 1 100 J/K

64. A cylinder containing an ideal gas has a volume of 2.0 m and a pressure of 1.0 ´
3

10 Pa at a temperature of 300 K. The cylinder is placed against a metal block that is

5

maintained at 900 K and the gas expands as the pressure remains constant until the
temperature of the gas reaches 900 K. The change in internal energy of the gas is 6.0
´ 10 J. Find the change in entropy of the block associated with the heat transfer to the
5

gas. A. 0
B. +670 J/K
C. -440 J/K
D. -1 100 J/K

65. The surface of the Sun is at approximately 5 700 K and the temperature of the
Earth's surface is about 290 K. What total entropy change occurs when 1 000 J of
heat energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth? A. 2.89 J/K
B. 3.27 J/K
C. 3.62 J/K
D. 3.97 J/K

66. Entropy is a measure of the ____ of a system.

A. disorder
B. temperature
C. heat
D. internal energy

67. When considering human metabolism in terms of the 1 Law of Thermodynamics,

st

which of the following represents the metabolic rate?

A. DU / Dt
B. DQ / Dt
C. W / Dt
D. DW / Dt
68. On an average diet, the consumption of 10 liters of oxygen releases how
much energy? (4.8 kcal are released per liter of oxygen consumed.)
A. 48 kJ
B. 200 kJ
C. 4.2 kJ
D. 4 200 kJ

69. A person consumes 2 500 kcal/day while expending 3 500 kcal/day. In a month's
time, about how much weight would this person lose if the loss were essentially all
from body fat? (Body fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal per pound.)
A. 1 pound
B. 2 pounds
C. 7 pounds
D. 15 pounds

70. A pound of body fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal. If a 1 400-kg
automobile had an equivalent amount of translational kinetic energy, how fast would it
be moving? (0.447 m/s = 1 mph, 1 kcal = 4 186 J) A. 3.1 mph
B. 14 mph
C. 75 mph
D. 350 mph

71. On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point (P , V ) and
1 1

both ending at the same increased volume (V ). One curve is for an isothermal process;
2

the other is for an adiabatic process. Except for the common starting point, which curve
is the upper one?
A. The isothermal process curve will always be the upper one.
B. The adiabatic process curve will always be the upper one.
C. Since they start at the same point and end at the same volume,
they will coincide. D. The isothermal one will start out higher, but
the adiabatic one will eventually cross it.

72. At the dice factory, sets of novelty dice are created where a side with 7 dots
replaces the single dot side. The sides then range from 2 to 7 instead of the usually 1
to 6. Using such dice for a game of craps, what will be the most probable roll?
A. 7, this change in dots results in the same most probable value.
B. 7.5
C. 8
D. 9
73. On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point and both
ending at the same final increased volume. One curve is for an isothermal process;
the other is for an adiabatic process. What does the area between these two curves
represent?
A. Q absorbed by the isothermal process.
B. W done by the adiabatic process.
C. DU for the isothermal process.
D. Neither Q, W, nor DU for either of the processes is represented.

74. Three Carnot engines operate between temperature reservoirs as follows: Engine
A: T = 1 300 K, T = 1 000 K; Engine B: T = 1 000 K, T = 700 K; Engine C: T = 650
h c h c h

K, T = 500 K. Which two engines have the same thermal efficiency?

c

A. A and B
B. B and C
C. A and C
D. No two have the same thermal efficiency.

75. In an isovolumetric process where the pressure increases, are the heat absorbed,
work done by the system, and the change in internal energy of the system positive,
negative, or zero?
A. Q is +, W is +, and DU is +.
B. Q is +, W is -, and DU is 0.
C. Q is +, W is 0, and DU is +.
D. Q is -, W is 0, and DU is -.

What are the factors affecting the density of an object?

b. mass and volume
In a large tank of liquid, the hydrostatic pressure at a given depth is a function of:
d. Choices a and d are both valid.

Water (density = 1 × 10 kg/m ) flows at 15.5 m/s through a pipe with radius 0.040 m.The
3 3

pipe goes up to the second floor of the building, 3.5 m higher, and the pressure remains
unchanged. What is the speed of the water flow in the pipe on the second floor?
a. 13 m/s

9.4 Angular Momentum and Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion

Perihelion, the near point to the Sun for the Earth in its orbit, occurs in January. In which of
the following months is the orbital angular momentum of the Earth the greatest?
b. None of the above answers is correct.
How much power is theoretically available from a mass flow of 1 100 kg/s of water that
falls a vertical distance of 110 m?
b. 1 186 kW

The flow rate of a liquid through a 4.0-cm-radius pipe is 0.0070 m /s. The average fluid speed in
3

the pipe is:

Select one:
a. 0.005 m/s.
b. 0.04 m/s.
c. 0.14 m/s.
d. 1.4 m/s.
e. 14 m/s.

A box slides down a frictionless incline, and a hoop rolls down another incline. Both inclines
have the same height, and both the box and the hoop have the same mass. If both objects start
from rest, upon reaching the bottom of the incline which one will have the greater kinetic energy
and which one will have the greater speed?
Select one:
a. The box will have both the greater kinetic energy and the greater speed.
b. Both will have the same kinetic energy, but the hoop will have the greater speed.
c. The hoop will have both the greater kinetic energy and the greater speed.
d. Both will have the same kinetic energy, but the box will have the greater speed.

Legend says that Archimedes, in determining whether or not the king's crown was made of pure
gold, measured its volume by the water displacement method. If the density of gold is 19.3
g/cm , and the crown's mass is 610 g, what volume would be necessary to prove that it is pure
3

gold?
Select one:
a. 0.03 × 10 cm 3 3

b. 30.6 × 10 cm −2 3

c. 32.6 × 10 cm 3 3

d. 31.6 cm 3

e. 11 773 cm 3

A pipe of diameter four cm is replaced by one of the same length but of diameter twelve
cm. If the pressure difference between the ends of the pipe remains the same, by what
factor is the rate of flow of a viscous liquid through it changed?
b. 81
An initially installed flywheel can store 106 J of kinetic energy when rotating at
300 rad/s. It is replaced by another flywheel of the same size but made of a lighter
and stronger material. If its mass is half that of the original and it is now capable of
achieving a rotational speed of 600 rad/s, what maximum energy can be stored? 20 ´
105 J
A bucket filled with water has a mass of 23 kg and is attached to a rope, which in turn,
is wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. What torque does
the weight of water and bucket produce on the cylinder if the cylinder is not permitted
to rotate? (g = 9.8 m/s2)
A bucket filled with water has a mass of 23 kg and is attached to a rope, which in turn,
is wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. What torque does
the weight of water and bucket produce on the cylinder if the cylinder is not permitted
to rotate? (g = 9.8 m/s2)
11 N×m
A bus is designed to draw its power from a rotating flywheel that is brought up to
its maximum speed (3 000 rpm) by an electric motor. The flywheel is a solid
cylinder of mass 500 kg and radius 0.500 m (Icylinder = MR2/2). If the bus requires
an average power of 10.0 kW, how long will the flywheel rotate?
308 s
Masses are distributed in the x,y-plane as follows: 6.0 kg at (0.0, 0.0) m, 4.0 kg at
(2.0, 0.0) m, and 5.0 kg at (2.0, 3.0) m. What is the x-coordinate of the center of
gravity of this system of masses
1.2 m
A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.15-kg ball using only
the rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. If the ball starts at
rest and is released with a speed of 12 m/s in a time of 0.40 s, what torque is applied
to the ball while being held by the pitcher's hand to produce the angular acceleration?
1.4 N×m
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is
wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. The bucket is raised to
the top of the well and released. The bucket is moving with a speed of 8.0 m/s upon
hitting the water surface in the well. What is the angular speed of the cylinder at this
instant? 160 rad/s
Masses are distributed in the xy-plane as follows: 10 kg at (2.0, 6.0) m, 4.0 kg at
(2.0, 0.0) m, and 6.0 kg at (0.0, 3.0) m. Where would a 20-kg mass need to be
positioned so that the center of gravity of the resulting four mass system would be at
the origin? (-1.4, -3.9) m
The total kinetic energy of a baseball thrown with a spinning motion is a function
of: both linear and rotational speeds.
A turntable has a moment of inertia of 3.00 ´ 10-2 kg×m2 and spins freely on
a frictionless bearing at 25.0 rev/min. A 0.300-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically onto
the turntable and sticks at a point 0.100 m from the center. What is the new rate of
rotation of the system?
22.7 rev/min
A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right angles
to make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.80 m long and each ball on the end is 0.20
kg.
(Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of inertia if the arrangement is
spun around an axis formed by one of the batons?
0.064 kg×m2
An 800-N billboard worker stands on a 4.0-m scaffold supported by vertical ropes
at each end. If the scaffold weighs 500 N and the worker stands 1.0 m from one end,
what is the tension in the rope nearest the worker?
850 N
A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.15-kg ball using only
the rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. What is the
moment of inertia of the ball alone as it moves in a circular arc with a radius of 0.32
m? 1.5 ´ 10-2 kg×m2
A bowling ball has a mass of 7.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 2.8 ´ 10-2 kg×m2 and
a radius of 0.10 m. If it rolls down the lane without slipping at a linear speed of 4.0
m/s, what is its angular speed?
40 rad/s
Consider the use of the terms "rotation" and "revolution". In
physics: the words have different meaning
A cylinder with its mass concentrated toward the center has a moment of inertia of
0.1 MR2. If this cylinder is rolling without slipping along a level surface with a linear
speed v, what is the ratio of its rotational kinetic energy to its linear kinetic energy? 1/l0
A 100-N uniform ladder, 8.0 m long, rests against a smooth vertical wall. The
coefficient of static friction between ladder and floor is 0.40. What minimum angle can
the ladder make with the floor before it slips?
51°
An object of radius R and moment of inertia I rolls down an incline of height H
after starting from rest. Its total kinetic energy at the bottom of the incline: cannot
be found from the given information alone.
A solid cylinder of mass 3.0 kg and radius 0.2 m starts from rest at the top of a
ramp, inclined 15°, and rolls to the bottom without slipping. (For a cylinder I =
0.5MR2) The upper end of the ramp is 1.2 m higher than the lower end. Find the
linear speed of the cylinder when it reaches the bottom of the ramp. (g = 9.8 m/s2)
4.0 m/s
A woman who weighs 500 N stands on an 8.0-m-long board that weighs 100 N.
The board is supported at each end. The support force at the right end is 3 times the
support force at the left end. How far from the right end is the woman standing? 1.6 m
If a net torque is applied to an object, that object will experience:
an angular acceleration.
A turntable has a moment of inertia of 3.00 ´ 10-2 kg×m2 and spins freely on
a frictionless bearing at 25.0 rev/min. A 0.300-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically on
the turntable and sticks at a point 0.100 m from the center. By what factor does the
angular momentum of the system change after the putty is dropped onto the turntable?
1.00 (no change)
 A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn, is
wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. A crank with a turning
radius of
0.25 m is attached to the end of the cylinder. What minimum force
directed perpendicular to the crank handle is required to just raise the bucket?
(Assume the rope's mass is negligible, that cylinder turns on frictionless bearings,
and that g = 9.8 m/s2.)
45 N
A rotating flywheel can be used as a method to store energy. If it has 1.0 ´ 106 J
of kinetic energy when rotating at 400 rad/s, and if a frictional torque of 4.0 N×m acts
on the system, in what interval of time would the flywheel come to rest? 21 min
A ventilation fan with a moment of inertia of 0.034 kg×m2 has a net torque of 0.11
N×m applied to it. If it starts from rest, what kinetic energy will it have 8.0 s later? 11 J
An astronaut is on a 100-m lifeline outside a spaceship, circling the ship with an
angular speed of 0.100 rad/s. How far inward can she be pulled before the
centripetal acceleration reaches 5g = 49 m/s2?
72.7 m
A gyroscope has a moment of inertia of 0.140 kg×m2 and has an initial angular speed
of 15.0 rad/s. If a lubricant is applied to the bearings of the gyroscope so that
frictional torque is reduced to 2.00 ´ 10-2 N×m, then in what time interval will the
gyroscope coast from 15.0 rad/s to zero?
105 s
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is
wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder, with crank, at the top of a well. The moment
of inertia of the cylinder and crank is 0.12 kg×m2. The bucket is raised to the top of the
well and released to fall back into the well. What is the kinetic energy of the cylinder
and crank at the instant the bucket is moving with a speed of 8.0 m/s?
1.5 ´ 103 J
A figure skater with arms initially extended starts spinning on the ice at 3 rad/s. She
then pulls her arms in close to her body. Which of the following results?
a greater rotational rate
A figure skater on ice with arms extended, spins at a rate of 2.5 rev/s. After he draws
his arms in, he spins at 6.0 rev/s. By what factor does the skater's kinetic energy
change when he draws his arms in?
2.4
A 40-kg boy is standing on the edge of a stationary 30-kg platform that is free to
rotate. The boy tries to walk around the platform in a counterclockwise direction. As he
does: the platform rotates in a clockwise direction while the boy goes around in
a counterclockwise direction relative to the ground.
An object of mass m and moment of inertia I has rotational kinetic energy KR.
Its angular momentum is:
(2 IKR)1/2.
According to Newton's second law, the angular acceleration experienced by an object
is directly proportional to:
the net applied torque.
Two hoops or rings (I = MR2) are centered, lying on a turntable. The smaller ring
has radius = 0.050 m; the larger has radius = 0.10 m. Both have a mass of 3.0 kg.
What is the total moment of inertia as the turntable spins? Ignore the mass of the
turntable. 0.038 kg×m2
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is
wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. A crank with a turning
radius of 0.25 m is attached to the end of the cylinder and the moment of inertia of
cylinder and crank is 0.12 kg×m2. If the bucket is raised to the top of the well and
released, what is the acceleration of the bucket as it falls toward the bottom of the
well? (Assume rope's mass is negligible, that cylinder turns on frictionless bearings
and that g = 9.8 m/s2.) 3.2 m/s2
A meter stick is supported by a knife-edge at the 50-cm mark. Doug hangs masses
of 0.40 and 0.60 kg from the 20-cm and 80-cm marks, respectively. Where should
Doug hang a third mass of 0.30 kg to keep the stick balanced?
30 cm
A solid sphere of mass 4.0 kg and radius 0.12 m is at rest at the top of a ramp
inclined 15°. It rolls to the bottom without slipping. The upper end of the ramp is 1.2 m
higher than the lower end. Find the sphere's total kinetic energy when it reaches the
bottom. 47 J
A rod of length L is hinged at one end. The moment of inertia as the rod rotates
around that hinge is ML2/3. Suppose a 2.00-m rod with a mass of 3.00 kg is hinged at
one end and is held in a horizontal position. The rod is released as the free end is
allowed to fall. What is the angular acceleration as it is released?
7.35 rad/s2
A uniform, horizontal beam of length 6.0 m and weight 120 N is attached at one end to
a wall by a pin connection (so that it may rotate). A cable attached to the wall above
the pin supports the opposite end. The cable makes an angle of 60° with the
horizontal. What is the tension in the cable needed to maintain the beam in
equilibrium? 69 N
A ventilation fan with a moment of inertia of 0.034 kg×m2 has a net torque of 0.11
N×m applied to it. What angular acceleration does it experience?
3.2 rad/s2
A baseball pitcher, loosening up his arm before a game, tosses a 0.15-kg ball using
only the rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. If the ball starts
at rest and is released with a speed of 12 m/s in a time of 0.40 s, what is the
average angular acceleration of the arm and ball?
94 rad/s2
A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right angles
to make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.80 m long and each ball on the end is 0.20
kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of inertia if the arrangement is
spun around an axis through the center perpendicular to both rods?
0.13 kg×m2
A 4.2-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m. Where can an 8.4-kg mass be placed so
that the moment of inertia about the z-axis is zero?
there is no position giving this result
A 3.0-m rod is pivoted about its left end. A force of 6.0 N is applied perpendicular to
the rod at a distance of 1.2 m from the pivot causing a ccw torque, and a force of 5.2 N
is applied at the end of the rod 3.0 m from the pivot. The 5.2 N is at an angle of 30o to
the rod and causes a cw torque. What is the net torque about the pivot? -0.6 N·m
A solid sphere with mass, M, and radius, R, rolls along a level surface without
slipping with a linear speed, v. What is the ratio of rotational to linear kinetic energy?
(For a solid sphere, I = 0.4 MR2).
2/5
An 80-kg man is one fourth of the way up a 10-m ladder that is resting against
a smooth, frictionless wall. If the ladder has a mass of 20 kg and it makes an angle of
60° with the ground, find the force of friction of the ground on the foot of the ladder. 1.7
´ 102 N
A uniform bridge span weighs 50.0 ´ 103 N and is 40.0 m long. An automobile
weighing 15.0 ´ 103 N is parked with its center of gravity located 12.0 m from the right
pier. What upward support force does the left pier provide?
29.5 ´ 103 N
A bowling ball has a mass of 7.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 2.8 ´ 10-2 kg×m2 and
a radius of 0.10 m. If it rolls down the lane without slipping at a linear speed of 4.0
m/s, what is its total kinetic energy?
78 J
A turntable has a moment of inertia of 3.0 ´ 10-2 kg×m2 and spins freely on a
frictionless bearing at 25 rev/min. A 0.30-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically on the
turntable and sticks at a point 0.10 m from the center. By what factor does the kinetic
energy of the system change after the putty is dropped onto the turntable?
0.91
A rotating flywheel can be used as a method to store energy. If it is required that such
a device be able to store up to a maximum of 1.00 ´ 106 J when rotating at 400
rad/s, what moment of inertia is required?
12.5 kg×m2
A hoop of radius 1.0 m is placed in the first quadrant of an xy-coordinate system with
its rim touching both the x-axis and the y-axis. What are the coordinates of its center
of gravity?
(1.0, 1.0) m
A solid cylinder (I = MR2/2) has a string wrapped around it many times. When I
release the cylinder, holding on to the string, the cylinder falls and spins as the string
unwinds. What is the downward acceleration of the cylinder as it falls?
6.5 m/s2
Tasha has mass 20 kg and wants to use a 4.0-m board of mass 10 kg as a seesaw.
Her friends are busy, so Tasha seesaws by herself by putting the support at the
system's center of gravity when she sits on one end of the board. How far is she from
the support point?
0.67 m
The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical
orbit. Compare the motion of the satellite at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to
the motion at the point farthest from the Earth (apogee). At these two points:
the angular momenta are the same.
An ice skater spins at 2.5 rev/s when his arms are extended. He draws his arms in
and spins at 6.0 rev/s. By what factor does his moment of inertia change in the
process? .42
An object with mass m and moment of inertia I is spinning with an angular momentum L.
Its kinetic energy is:
0.5 L2/I.
Two children seat themselves on a seesaw. The one on the left has a weight of 400
N while the one on the right weighs 300 N. The fulcrum is at the midpoint of the
seesaw. If the child on the left is not at the end but is 1.50 m from the fulcrum and the
seesaw is balanced, what is the torque provided by the weight of the child on the right?
-600 N·m
An 800-N billboard worker stands on a 4.0-m scaffold weighing 500 N and supported
by vertical ropes at each end. How far would the worker stand from one of the
supporting ropes to produce a tension of 550 N in that rope?
2.5 m
A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 6.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, -4.0)
m. What is the moment of inertia of this system of masses about the y-axis? 90
kg·m2
A uniform solid sphere rolls down an incline of height 3 m after starting from rest.
In order to calculate its speed at the bottom of the incline, one needs to know: no
more than is given in the problem
A vault is opened by applying a force of 300 N perpendicular to the plane of the
door, 0.80 m from the hinges. Find the torque due to this force about an axis through
the hinges.
240 N×m
A cylinder (I = MR2/2) is rolling along the ground at 7.0 m/s. It comes to a hill and
starts going up. Assuming no losses to friction, how high does it get before it stops?
3.7 m
The Earth moves about the Sun in an elliptical orbit. As the Earth moves closer to
the Sun, which of the following best describes the Earth-Sun system's moment of
inertia? decreases
The quantity "angular momentum" (in terms of the fundamental quantities of
mass, length, and time) is equivalent to:
ML2T-1.
A solid disk of radius R rolls down an incline in time T. The center of the disk is
removed up to a radius of R/2. The remaining portion of the disk with its center gone is
again rolled down the same incline. The time it takes is:
More than T
A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 6.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, -4.0)
m. What is the moment of inertia of this system of masses about the x-axis? 160
kg·m2
An automobile accelerates from zero to 30 m/s in 6.0 s. The wheels have a diameter
of 0.40 m. What is the average angular acceleration of each wheel?
25 rad/s2
A rod of length L is pivoted about its left end and has a force F applied perpendicular
to the other end. The force F is now removed and another force F' is applied at
the midpoint of the rod. If F' is at an angle of 30o with respect to the rod, what is
its magnitude if the resulting torque is the same as when F was applied? 4F
The quantity "moment of inertia" (in terms of the fundamental quantities of mass,
length, and time) is equivalent to:
ML2.
An object consists of a rod (of length 3.0 m and negligible moment of inertia) to
which four small 2.0-kg masses are attached, one at each end and one at each point
on the rod 1.0 m from each end. (The masses are one meter apart.) The moment of
inertia of
this object about an axis perpendicular to the rod and through one of the inner
masses: is 12 kg×m2.
A ventilation fan with a moment of inertia of 0.034 kg×m2 has a net torque of 0.11
N×m applied to it. If it starts from rest, what angular momentum will it have 8.0 s later?
0.88 kg×m2/s
A meter stick is hinged at its lower end and allowed to fall from a vertical position. If
its moment of inertia is ML2/3, with what angular speed does it hit the table? 5.42
rad/s
A uniform 1.0-N meter stick is suspended horizontally by vertical strings attached
at each end. A 2.0-N weight is suspended from the 10-cm position on the stick,
another 2.0-N weight is suspended from the 50 cm position, and a 3.0-N weight is
suspended from the 60 cm position. What is the tension in the string attached at the
100-cm end of the stick?
3.5 N
A gyroscope has a moment of inertia of 0.14 kg×m2 and an initial angular speed of
15 rad/s. Friction in the bearings causes its speed to reduce to zero in 30 s. What is
the value of the average frictional torque?
7.0 ´ 10-2 N×m
A tetherball is attached to a pole with a 2.0-m rope. It is circling at 0.20 rev/s. As
the rope wraps around the pole it shortens. How long is the rope when the ball is
moving at 5.0 m/s?
1.0 m
A disk has a moment of inertia of 3.0 ´ 10-4 kg×m2 and rotates with an angular speed
of 3.5 rad/sec. What net torque must be applied to bring it to rest within 3 s? 3.5 ´ 10-4
N×m
The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical
orbit. Compare the motion at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to the motion at the
point farthest from the Earth (apogee). At the point closest to the Earth:
none of the above
Functional Definition
Defining based on observable or measurable properties.
Theoretical/Fundamental Definition
based on explanatory principles.
Suppose object C is in thermal equilibrium with object A and with object B. The
zeroth law of thermodynamics states:
That A is in thermal equilibrium with B.
If heat is flowing from a table to a block of ice moving across the table, what must
be true.
The ice is cooler than the table.
An interval of one Celsius degree is equivalent to an interval of:
One kelvin
A temperature chance from 15 degrees C to 35 degrees C corresponds to
what incremental change in F?
36
A substance is heated from 15 degrees C to 35 degrees C. What would the
same incremental change be when registered in kelvins
20
Why do vapor bubbles get larger in boiling water as they approach the surface?
The pressure in the water decreases as the bubble moves toward the surface.
The pressure in a constant-volume gas thermometer extrapolates to zero at
what temperature
0 K.
An ideal gas is confined to a container with adjustable volume. The pressure and
mole number are constant. By what factor will volume change if absolute temperature
triples? 3.0
The temperature of a quantity of ideal gas in a sealed container is increased from 0 C
to 273 C. What happens to the speed of the molecules with average kinetic energy of
the gas as a result of this temperature increase?
It increases but it less than doubles.
The noble gases, listed by increasing molecular weight, are He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe and Rn.
If samples of 1 mole each of these gases are placed in separate containers and heated
to 300K, which gas has the greatest internal energy and the molecules of which gas
have the highest average speed?
All the gases have the same internal energy and He has the greatest speed.
Boltzmann's constant, kB may be derived as a function of R, the universal gas
constant, and NA, Avogadro's number. Which expresses the value of kB?
R/NA
If the temperature of an ideal gas contained in a box is increased:
the average speed of the molecules in the box will be increased.
How many atoms are present in a sample of pure iron with a mass of
300g? 3.2 x 10^24
For an ideal gas of a given mass, if the pressure remains the same and the
volume increases:
the average kinetic energy of the molecule increases.
The ideal gas law treats gas as consisting of:
molecules
The sulfur hexafluoride molecule consists of one sulfur atom and six fluorine atoms.
The atomic masses of sulfur and fluorine are 32.0 u and 19.0 u respectively. One mole
of this very heavy gas has what mass?
146g
The average kinetic energy of a molecule in a monatomic ideal gas is given by:
3/2 kbT
If the temperature of a volume of ideal gas increases from 100C to 200C, what
happens to the average kinetic energy of the molecules?
It increases but less than double.
If the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a monatomic ideal gas at 27C
is doubled, what is the resulting temperature of the gas?
it becomes 327 degrees C.
Suppose the pressure od 20g of an ideal monatomic gas is tripled while its volume
is halved. What happens to the internal energy of the gas?
It increases
The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to which of
the following properties, when taken as an average, of the molecules of that
gas? kinetic energy.
For an ideal gas of a given mass, if the pressure remains the same and the
volume increases:
the average kinetic energy of the molecules increases.
John rapidly pulls a plunger out of a cylinder increasing its volume. As the
plunger moves away, the gas molecules bouncing elastically off the plunger are:
rebounding at a lower speed than they would have if the plunger weren't removed.
Consider two containers with the same volume and temperature. Container One
holds dry air (N and O). Container two holds moist air. The moist air has the same
ratio of nitrogen to oxygen molecules but also contains water vapor. According to the
ideal gas law, if the pressures are equal, the weight of the gas in container one will be:
heavier than the gas inside the second container.
In cloud formation, water vapor turns into water droplets which get bigger and
bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to: get
warmer.
Estimate the volume of a helium-filled balloon if it is to lift a payload of 500 kg.
The density of air is 1.29 kg/m^3 and helium has a density of 0.178 kg/m^3 450
m^3
The ideal gas in a sealed container has its absolute temperature doubled.
What happens to the average time between molecular collisions in the gas? it
decreases, but not to half its original value
Tricia puts 44g of dry ice (solid CO2) into a 2L container and seals the top. The dry
ice turns to gas at room temperature (20C). Find the pressure increase in the 2L
container. 12 atm.
A spherical air bubble originating from a scuba diver at a depth of 18m has a
diameter of 1cm. What will the bubbles diameter be when it reaches the surface?
1.4cm
Metal lids on glass jars can often be loosened by running them under hot water.
Why? The metal has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than glass so the
metal expands more than the glass, thus loosening the connection.
A steel wire, 150m long at 10C, has a coefficient of linear expansion of 11 x
10^6/C. Give its change in length as the temperature changes from 10C to 45C.
5.8cm
A steel plate has a hole drilled through it. The plate is put into a furnace and
heated. What happens to the size of the inside diameter of a hole as its temperature
increases? increases
A brass cube, 10cm on a side, is raised in temperature by 200C. The coefficient
of volume expansion of brass is 57 x 10^6/C. By what percentage does volume
increase? 1.1%
The thermal expansion of a solid is caused by:
increasing the distance between equilibrium positions for the vibrating atoms. At room
temperature, the coefficient of linear expansion for Pyrex glass is _______ that for
ordinary glass.
less than
Inside a house, stepping on a tile floor barefooted may feel almost cold, but stepping
on carpet in an adjacent room feels comfortably warm. Why is this?
its because the thermal conductivity of carpet is less than that of tile. What best
describes a substance in which the temperature remains constant while at the same
time it is experiencing an inward heat flow
substance undergoing a change of state
which best describes the relationship between two systems in thermal equilibrium?
no net energy is exchanged.
if heat is flowing from a table to a block of ice moving across the table, which of
the following must be true?
the ice is cooler than the table
samples of substance with fixed volume and shape
solids
samples of substance that have volume and shape which vary depending on the
shape of its container
gases
samples of substance with fixed volume but a shape which changes to the shape of
its container
liquids
pennies used to be made of copper, but now they are made of copper coated zing.
if one were to do a precise calorimetry experiment to determine the specific heat of
the new pennies, what would the result be??
it would be between that of copper and that of zinc, depending on the thickness A
plot of the temperature versus the energy per kg added to a piece of ice as it
goes from below freezing at -10C to becoming steam and 110C consists of straight
lines, some horizontal and some with an upward slope. What do the upward
slopes represent?
reciprocals of specific heats
20 grams of a solid at 70C is placed in 100g of fluid at 20C. Thermal equilibrium
is reached at 30C. The specific heat of the solid:
is more than that of the fluid.
which of the following best describes a substance in which the temperature
remains constant while at the same time it is experiencing and inward heat flow?
substance undergoing a change of state
which of the following involves the greatest heat transfer?
one gram of steam at 100C changing to water at 100C
Iced tea is made by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at 80C. How many kg of
ice, initially at 0C, are required to bring the mixture to 10C?
1.4 kg
The inside of a house is at 20C when the temperature outside is 15C. The next
morning the inside temp is the same but the outside is 10C. How much does the
energy per unite time lost by conduction through the walls, windows, doors, etc.,
change for the house from the first morning to the second?
the loss doubles
of the following systems, which contains the most heat?
systems do not contain heat.
when a wool blanket is used to keep warm, what is the primary insulating
material? air
the use of fiberglass insulation in the outer walls of a building is intended to
minimize heat transfer through the wall by what process?
conduction
If cooking is done using an aluminum pan over an electric burner, which of the
following will not promote the rate of heat flow from burner to food?
increase pan bottom thickness
process of heat transfer that requires the presence of a fluid?
convection
Two stars, A and B, have the same emissivity, but the radii and surface
temperatures are different with Ra = 0.5 and Ta = 2. Assuming the temperature of
space to be negligible, which star radiates the most energy per unit time?
Star A
If ones hands are being warmed by holding them to one side of a flame,
the predominant form of heat transfer is what process?
radiation
the surfaces of a Dewar flask are silvered for the purpose of minimizing heat transfer
by what process?
radiation
how does the heat energy from the sun reach us though the vacuum of
space? radiation
the emissivity of an idea reflector has which of the following
values? 0
which type of heating causes sunburn?
radiation
In winter, light-colored clothes will keep you warmer than dark clothes
if: you are warmer than your surroundings
An object at 27C has its temperature increased to 37C. The power then radiated by
this object increases by what percent?
14%
A system is acted on by its surroundings in such a way that it receives 50J of heat
while simultaneously doing 20J of work. What is the net change in internal energy? 30
J
In an isothermal process for an ideal gas system, which of the following choices
best corresponds to the value of the work done on the system?
the negative of its heat intake
According to the first law of thermodynamics, the sum of the heat gained by a
system and the work done on that same system is equivalent to which of the
following? internal energy change
On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point (P1, V1)
and both ending at the same increased volume (V2). One curve is for an isothermal
process; the other is for an adiabatic process. Except for the common starting point,
which curve is the upper one?
the isothermal process curve will always be the upper one.
In an isovolumetric process where the pressure increases, are the heat absorbed,
work done by the system, and the change in internal energy of the system positive,
negative or zero?
Q is +, W is 0, and Delta U is -.
The volume of an ideal gas changes from 0.40 to 0.55 m^3 although its
pressure remains constant at 50,000 Pa. What work is done on the system by its
environment -7500J
During an isobaric process which one of the following does not
change? pressure
Area on a P-V diagram has units associated with:
energy
what is the work done on the gas as it expands from pressure P1, and volume V1
to pressure P2 and volume V2 along the indicated straight line?
(P1 + P2)(V1 - V2)/2
On a P-V diagram, an ______ process is represented by a horizontal
line. isobaric
In an isobaric process 4.5 x 10^4 J of work is done on a quantity of gas while its
volume changes from 2.6 m^3 to 1.1 m^3. What is the pressure during this process?
3.0 x 10^4 Pa
In an isovolumetric process by an ideal gas, the system's heat gain is equivalent to
a change in:
internal energy
A 2.0 mol ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4.0L. If 100J of heat
is added, what is the work done on the system?
zero
A closed 2.0L container holds 3.0 mol of an ideal gas. If 200J of heat is added, what
is the change in internal energy of the system?
200J
The adiabatic index, y, of a gas is given by which of the following?
Cp/Cv
An adiabatic expansion refers to the fact that:
no heat is transferred between a system and its surroundings
A 4 mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and
does 20 J of work on its environment. What is its change in internal energy? -20J
A 4 mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and
does 20J of work on its environment. How much heat is received by the system?
zero
Heat is applied to an ice-water mixture to melt some of the ice. In this
process: the internal energy increases.
An ideal gas at pressure, volume and temperature, Po, Vo and To, respectively,
is heated to point A, allowed to expand to point B also at A's temperature 2To, and
then returned to the original condition. The internal energy decreased by 3PoVo/2
going from point B to point To. In going around this cycle once, which quantity equals
zero? the net change in internal energy of the gas.
A thermodynamic process that happens very quickly tends to be:
adiabatic.
Three Carnot engines operate between temperature reservoirs as follows. Engine A:
Th = 1300K, Tc = 1000K; Engine B: Th = 1000K, Tc = 700K; Engine C: Th = 650K, Tc
= 500K. Which two engines have the same thermal efficiency?
A and C
A heat engine exhausts 3000J of heat while performing 1500 J of useful work. What
is the efficiency of the engine?
33%
An electrical power plant manages to send 88% of the heat produced in the burning
of fossil fuel into the water to steam conversion. Of the heat carried by the steam, 40%
is converted to the mechanical energy of the spinning turbine. Which of the
following choices best describes the overall efficiency of the heat to work conversion
in the plant (as a percentage)?
less than 40%
According to the second law of thermodynamics, which of the following applies to
the heat received from a high temperature reservoir by a heat engine operating in
a complete cycle?
cannot be completely converted to work
A heat engine receives 6000J of heat from its combustion process and loses
4000J through the exhaust and friction. What is its efficiency?
33%
If a heat engine has an efficiency of 30% and its power output is 600 W, what is the
rate of heat input from the combustion phase?
2000 W
A turbine takes in 1000 K steam and exhausts the steam at a temperature of 500
K. What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of this system?
50%
In which system is heat usually transferred from the cooler part to the warmer
part? a refrigerator that is running.
Suppose a power plant uses a Carnot engine to generate electricity, using
the atmosphere at 300 K as the low-temperature reservoir. Suppose the power
plant produces an amount of electricity with the hot reservoir at 500 K during Day One
and then produces the same amount of electricity with the hot reservoir at 600 K during
Day Two. The thermal pollution was:
greatest on Day One
An 800 MW electric power plant has an efficiency of 30%. It loses its waste heat in
large cooling towers. Approximately how much waste heat (in MJ) is discharged to
the atmosphere per second?
1900 MJ
The Carnot cycle consists of a combination of ______ and ______
processes. adiabatic, isothermal
Of the following heat engines, which has the highest efficiency?
a Carnot engine
A Carnot engine runs between a hot reservoir at Th and a cold reservoir at Tc. If one
of the temperatures is either increased or decreased by 3.5 K, which of the
following changes would increase the efficiency by the greatest amount?
decreasing Tc
on a P-V diagram, if a process involves a closed curve, the area inside the
curve represents:
work
The P-V diagram of a cyclic process shows a curve that encloses an area. The
work done by the heat engine, represented by the enclosed area, is positive when
the path around the area proceeds in which of the following fashions?
clockwise
Which of the following choices best corresponds to what is required by the second
law of thermodynamics for any process taking place in an isolated system? entropy
increases
which of the following choices is an appropriate unit for measuring entropy changes?
N*K
If one could observe the individual atoms making up a piece of matter and note
that during a process of change their motion somehow became more orderly, then one
may assume which of the following in regard to the system?
positive work done on
According to the first law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within
an isolated system, which of the following choices applies?
None of these choices apply.
What is the change in entropy (S) when one mole of silver (108 g) is completely
melted at 961°C? (The heat of fusion of silver is 8.82 104 J/kg.)
7.72 J/K
An avalanche of ice and snow of mass 1800 kg slides a vertical distance of 160 m down
a mountainside. If the temperature of the ice, snow, mountain and surrounding air are all
at 0°C, what is the change in entropy of the universe?
10,000 J/K
entropy is a measure of the ______ of a system.
disorder
The laws of thermodynamics can be related to the following: (i) the measurement
of temperature, (ii) the lowest temperature possible, (iii) conservation of energy, and
(iv) only part of heat energy available may be turned into work. Which of these
involve the first and second law?
(iii) and (iv)
The laws of thermodynamics can be related to the following: (i) the measurement
of temperature, (ii) the lowest temperature possible, (iii) conservation of energy, and
(iv) only part of heat energy available may be turned into work. Which of these
involve the zeroth and third law?
(I) and (ii)
1. Arrange from smallest to largest: the BTU, the joule, and the
calorie. a. BTU, J, cal
b. J, cal, BTU
c. cal, BTU, J
d. J, BTU, cal
B
2. Of the following systems, which contains the most heat?
a. 100 kg of water at 80°C
b. 250 kg of water at 40°C
c. 600 kg of ice at 0°C
d. Systems do not contain heat.
D
Heat flow occurs between two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in
what property?
a. mass
b. specific heat
c. density
d. temperature
D
4. Calories of the food type are equal to which of the following?
a. 4.186 J
b. 4 186 J
c. 1 BTU
d. 1054 J
B
5. Who demonstrated that when heat is gained or lost by a system during
some process, the gain
or loss can be accounted for by an equivalent quantity of mechanical work done on
the system?
a. Joule
b. Boltzmann
c. Thompson, Count Rumford
d. Kelvin
A
6. The first experiment, which systematically demonstrated the equivalence
of mechanical
energy and heat, was performed by:
a. Joule.
b. Boltzmann.
c. Thompson, Count Rumford.
d. Kelvin.
A
7. If heat is flowing from a table to a block of ice moving across the table, which of
the following must be true?
a. The table is rough and there is friction between the table and
ice. b. The ice is cooler than the table.
c. The ice is changing phase.
d. All three are possible, but none is absolutely necessary.
B
8. How many calories are equal to one BTU? (One calorie = 4.186 J, one BTU = 1
054 J.)
a. 0.252
b. 3.97
c. 252
d. 397
C
9. Which of the following statements is true?
a. A hot object contains a lot of heat.
b. A cold object contains only a little heat.
c. Objects do not contain heat.
d. Statements a and b are true.
C
10. A 10-kg piece of aluminum (which has a specific heat of 900 J/kg⋅°C) is warmed
so that its
temperature increases by 5.0 C°. How much heat was transferred into
it? a. 4.5 × 104
J
b. 9.0 × 104
J
c. 1.4 × 105
J
d. 2.0 × 105
J
A
11. Sea breezes that occur near the shore are attributed to a difference between
land and water
with respect to what property?
a. mass density
b. coefficient of volume expansion
c. specific heat
d. emissivity
C
12. On a sunny day at the beach, the reason the sand gets so hot and the water
stays relatively
cool is attributed to the difference in which property between water and
sand? a. mass density
b. specific heat
c. temperature
d. thermal conductivity
B
13. Marc attaches a falling 500-kg object with a rope through a pulley to a paddle
wheel shaft. He
places the system in a well-insulated tank holding 25 kg of water. When the object
falls, it
causes the paddle wheel to rotate and churn the water. If the object falls a
vertical distance of
100 m at constant speed, what is the temperature change of the water? (1 kcal = 4
186 J, the
specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C, and g = 9.8 m/s2
)
a. 19 600 C°
b. 4 700 C°
c. 4.7 C°
d. 0.8 C°
C
14. An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual,
while pedaling, can
convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. How much
mechanical energy is required to increase the temperature of 300 g of water (enough
for 1 cup of coffee)
from 20°C to 95°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186
J/kg⋅°C) a. 94 000 J
b. 22 000 J
c. 5 400 J
d. 14 J
A
15. An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual,
while pedaling, can
convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. What minimum
power must
be generated if 300 g water (enough for 1 cup of coffee) is to be heated in 10 min
from 20°C
to 95°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186
J/kg⋅°C) a. 9 400 W
b. 590 W
c. 160 W
d. 31 W
C
16. A 3.00-g lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a
wood post. If we
assume that half of the resultant heat energy generated remains with the bullet, what
is the
increase in temperature of the embedded bullet? (specific heat of lead = 0.030 5
kcal/kg⋅°C, 1
kcal = 4 186 J)
a. 113°C
b. 137°C
c. 226°C
d. 259°C
A
17. A swimming pool heater has to be able to raise the temperature of the 40
000 gallons of water
in the pool by 10.0 C°. How many kilowatt-hours of energy are required? (One gallon
of water has a mass of approximately 3.8 kg and the specific heat of water is 4
186 J/kg⋅°C.)
a. 1 960 kWh
b. 1 770 kWh
c. 330 kWh
d. 216 kWh
B
18. A solar heated house loses about 5.4 × 107
cal through its outer surfaces on a typical 24-h
winter day. What mass of storage rock is needed to provide this amount of heat if it
is brought up to initial temperature of 62°C by the solar collectors and the house
is maintained
at 20°C? (Specific heat of rock is 0.21 cal/g⋅°C.)
a. 163 kg
b. 1 230 kg
c. 6 100 kg
d. 12 700 kg
C
19. A 0.2-kg aluminum plate, initially at 20°C, slides down a 15-m-long surface,
inclined at a 30°
angle to the horizontal. The force of kinetic friction exactly balances the component of
gravity down the plane so that the plate, once started, glides down at constant
velocity. If
90% of the mechanical energy of the system is absorbed by the aluminum, what is
its temperature increase at the bottom of the incline? (Specific heat for aluminum is
900 J/kg⋅°C.)
a. 0.16 C°
b. 0.07 C°
c. 0.04 C°
d. 0.03 C°
B
20. A waterfall is 145 m high. What is the increase in water temperature at the bottom
of the falls
if all the initial potential energy goes into heating the water? (g = 9.8
m/s2 , cw = 4 186
J/kg⋅°C)
a. 0.16°C
b. 0.34°C
c. 0.69°C
d. 1.04°C
B
21. What is the temperature increase of 4.0 kg of water when heated by an 800-
W immersion
heater for 10 min? (cw = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)
a. 56°C
b. 51°C
c. 29°C
d. 14°C
C
22. A solar heating system has a 25.0% conversion efficiency; the solar
radiation incident on the
panels is 1 000 W/m2
. What is the increase in temperature of 30.0 kg of water in a 1.00-
h period by a 4.00-m2
-area collector? (cw = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)
166

a. 14.3°C
b. 22.4°C
c. 28.7°C
d. 44.3°C
C
23. A machine gear consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much
total heat is
generated in the part if its temperature increases by 35 C°? (Specific heats of iron
and copper
are 450 and 390 J/kg⋅°C, respectively.)
a. 910 J
b. 3 800 J
c. 4 000 J
d. 4 400 J
B
24. As I use sandpaper on some rusty metal, the sandpaper gets hot
because: a. heat is flowing from the sandpaper into the metal.
b. heat is flowing from the metal into the sandpaper.
c. frictional processes increase the internal energy of the
sandpaper. d. heat is flowing from my hand into the sandpaper.
C
25. If a 1000-kg car was moving at 30 m/s, what would be its kinetic energy
expressed in the
unusual (for kinetic energy) units of calories? (1 cal = 4.186 J)
a. 3.0 × 104
b. 9.0 × 105
c. 3.8 × 106
d. 1.1 × 105
D
26. A 2.00-kg copper rod is 50.00 cm long at 23°C. If 40 000 J are transferred to the
rod by heat,
what is its change in length? ccopper = 387 J/kg·°C and αcopper = 17 × 10-
6/°C. a. 0.022 cm
b. 0.044 cm
c. 0.059 cm
d. More information is needed.
B
27. A piece of copper of mass 100 g is being drilled through with a
1 /2" electric drill. The drill
operates at 40.0 W and takes 30.0 s to bore through the copper. If all the energy
from the
drill heats the copper, find the copper's increase in temperature. ccopper = 387
J/kg⋅°C. a. 40.6 C°
b. 34.7 C°
c. 31.0 C°
d. 27.3 C°
C
28. A slice of bread contains about 100 kcal. If specific heat of a person were
1.00 kcal/kg·°C, by
how many °C would the temperature of a 70.0-kg person increase if all the energy in
the bread were converted to heat?
167

a. 2.25°C
b. 1.86°C
c. 1.43°C
d. 1.00°C
C
29. A hot (70°C) lump of metal has a mass of 250 g and a specific heat of 0.25
cal/g⋅°C. John
drops the metal into a 500-g calorimeter containing 75 g of water at 20°C.
The calorimeter is
constructed of a material that has a specific heat of 0.10 cal/ g⋅°C. When equilibrium
is reached, what will be the final temperature? cwater = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C. a. 114°C
b. 72°C
c. 64°C
d. 37°C
D
30. An 80.0-g piece of copper, initially at 295°C, is dropped into 250 g of
water contained in a
300-g aluminum calorimeter; the water and calorimeter are initially at 10.0°C. What
is the
final temperature of the system? (Specific heats of copper and aluminum are 0.092
0 and
0.215 cal/g⋅°C, respectively. cw = 1.00 cal/g°C)
a. 12.8°C
b. 16.5°C
c. 28.4°C
d. 32.1°C
B
31. A 120-g block of copper is taken from a kiln and quickly placed into a beaker
of negligible
heat capacity containing 300 g of water. The water temperature rises from 15°C
to 35°C.
Given cCu = 0.10 cal/g⋅°C, and cwater = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C, what was the temperature of
the kiln?
a. 500°C
b. 360°C
c. 720°C
d. 535°C
D
32. Find the final equilibrium temperature when 10.0 g of milk at 10.0°C is added to
160 g of
coffee at 90.0°C. (Assume the specific heats of coffee and milk are the same as
water and
neglect the heat capacity of the container.) cwater = 1.00 cal/g·°C = 4186
J/kg·°C a. 85.3°C
b. 77.7°C
c. 71.4°C
d. 66.7°C
A
33. Twenty grams of a solid at 70°C is place in 100 grams of a fluid at 20°C.
Thermal equilibrium is reached at 30°C. The specific heat of the solid:
a. is equal to that of the fluid.
b. is less than that of the fluid.
c. is more than that of the fluid.
168
d. cannot be compared to that of a material in a different phase.
C
34. Which of the following best describes a substance in which the temperature
remains constant
while at the same time it is experiencing an inward heat flow?
a. gas
b. liquid
c. solid
d. substance undergoing a change of state
D
35. A 0.003 0-kg lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a
block of ice at
0°C. If all the heat generated goes into melting ice, what quantity of ice is melted? (Lf
= 80
kcal/kg, the specific heat of lead = 0.03 kcal/kg⋅°C, and 1 kcal = 4 186
J) a. 1.47 × 10−2 kg
b. 5.8 × 10−4
kg
c. 3.2 × 10−3
kg
d. 2.6 × 10−4
kg
D
36. A puddle holds 150 g of water. If 0.50 g of water evaporates from the surface,
what is the
approximate temperature change of the remaining water? (Lv = 540
cal/g) a. +1.8 C°
b. -1.8 C°
c. +0.18 C°
d. −0.18 C°
B
37. Iced tea is made by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at 80°C. How many kg
of ice,
initially at 0°C, are required to bring the mixture to 10°C? (Lf = 3.33 x
105 J/kg, cw = 4 186
J/kg⋅°C)
a. 1.8 kg
b. 1.6 kg
c. 1.4 kg
d. 1.2 kg
C
38. A 50-g cube of ice, initially at 0.0°C, is dropped into 200 g of water in an 80-
g aluminum
container, both initially at 30°C. What is the final equilibrium temperature? (Specific
heat for
aluminum is 900 J/kg⋅°C, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C, and Lf = 3.33 ×
105 J/kg.)
a. 17.9°C
b. 9.5°C
c. 12.1°C
d. 20.6°C
B
39. 125 g of dry ice (solid CO2) is dropped into a beaker containing 500 g of
66°C water. The dry
ice converts directly to gas, leaving the solution. When the dry ice is gone, the final
temperature of the water is 29°C. What is the heat of vaporization of solid CO2?
(cwater = 1.00
cal/g⋅°C)
a. 37 cal/g
b. 74 cal/g
c. 111 cal/g
d. 148 cal/g
D
40. In cloud formation, water vapor turns into water droplets which get bigger and
bigger until it
rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to:
a. get warmer.
b. get cooler.
c. will not affect the temperature of the air in the clouds.
d. There is no air in clouds.
A
41. I take 1.0 kg of ice and dump it into 1.0 kg of water and, when equilibrium
is reached, I have
2.0 kg of ice at 0°C. The water was originally at 0°C. The specific heat of water =
1.00 kcal/kg⋅°C, the specific heat of ice = 0.50 kcal/kg⋅°C, and the latent heat of
fusion of water is
80 kcal/kg. The original temperature of the ice was:
a. one or two degrees below 0°C.
b. −80°C.
c. −160°C.
d. The whole experiment is impossible.
C
42. How much heat energy is required to vaporize a 1.0-g ice cube at 0°C? The heat
of fusion of
ice is 80 cal/g. The heat of vaporization of water is 540 cal/g, and cwater =
1.00 cal/g⋅°C.
a. 620 cal
b. 720 cal
c. 820 cal
d. 1 kcal
B
43. How much heat energy must be removed from 100 g of oxygen at 22°C to liquefy
it at
−183°C? (The specific heat of oxygen gas is 0.218 cal/g⋅°C, and its heat of
vaporization is
50.9 cal/g.)
a. 13 700 cal
b. 9 560 cal
c. 4 320 cal
d. 2 160 cal
B
44. 100 g of liquid nitrogen at its boiling point of 77 K is stirred into a beaker
containing 500 g of
15°C water. If the nitrogen leaves the solution as soon as it turns to gas, how
much water
freezes? The heat of vaporization of nitrogen is 48 cal/g and that of water is 80
cal/g. a. none
b. 29 g
c. 68 g
d. 109 g
A
45. A 5-g lead bullet traveling in 20°C air at 300 m/s strikes a flat steel plate and
stops. What is
the final temperature of the lead bullet? (Assume the bullet retains all heat.) The
melting point of lead is 327°C. The specific heat of lead is 0.128 J/g⋅°C. The heat of
fusion of lead is
24.5 J/g.
a. 227°C
b. 260°C
c. 293°C
d. 327°C
D
Which of the following involves the greatest heat transfer?
a. One gram of steam at 100°C changing to water at 100°C.
b. One gram of ice at 0°C changing to water at 0°C.
c. One gram of water cooling from 100°C to 0°C.
d. One gram of ice heating from -100°C to 0°C.
A
47. Carly places one end of a steel bar in a Bunsen flame and the other end in an
ice cube. By
what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the bar's cross-sectional area
is doubled?
a. 2
b. 1/2
c. 4.0
d. 1/4
A
48. Dmitri places one end of a copper rod in a heat reservoir and the other end in a
heat sink. By
what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the temperature difference
between the
reservoir and sink is tripled?
a. 0.33
b. 1/9
c. 3.0
d. 9.0
C
49. If one's hands are being warmed by holding them to one side of a flame,
the predominant
form of heat transfer is what process?
a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. vaporization
B
50. When a wool blanket is used to keep warm, what is the primary insulating
material? a. wool
b. air
c. the trim around the edge of the blanket
d. a thin layer of aluminum foil (usually not apparent) inside the
blanket B
51. The surfaces of a Dewar flask are silvered for the purpose of minimizing
heat transfer by
what process?
a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. vaporization
B
52. The use of fiberglass insulation in the outer walls of a building is intended
to minimize heat
transfer through the wall by what process?
a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. vaporization
A
53. How does the heat energy from the sun reach us through the vacuum of
space? a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. none of the above choices are valid
B
54. Which one of the following processes of heat transfer requires the presence of
a fluid?
a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. none of the above choices are valid
C
55. If cooking is done using an aluminum pan over an electric burner, which of
the following will
not promote the rate of heat flow from burner to food?
a. increase pan bottom thickness
b. increase pan bottom area
c. increase burner temperature
d. decrease height of pan sides
A
56. A windowpane is half a centimeter thick and has an area of 1.0
m2 . The temperature
difference between the inside and outside surfaces of the pane is 15° C. What is
the rate of
heat flow through this window? (Thermal conductivity for glass is 0.84
J/s⋅m⋅°C.) a. 50 000 J/s
b. 2 500 J/s
c. 1 300 J/s
d. 630 J/s
B
57. A 2.0-m2
Thermopane window is constructed, using two layers of glass 4.0 mm thick,
separated by an air space of 5.0 mm. If the temperature difference is 20° C from
the inside of
the house to the outside air, what is the rate of heat flow through this window?
(Thermal conductivity for glass is 0.84 J/s⋅m⋅°C and for air 0.023 4 J/s⋅m⋅°C.) a. 7 700
W
b. 1 900 W
c. 547 W
d. 180 W
D
58. The filament temperature of a light bulb is 2 000 K when the bulb delivers 40 W
of power. If
its emissivity remains constant, what power is delivered when the filament
temperature is
2 500 K?
a. 105 W
b. 62 W
c. 98 W
d. 50 W
C
The emissivity of an ideal reflector has which of the following
values? a. 0
b. 1
c. 100
d. infinity
A
60. The thermal conductivity of aluminum is 238 J/s·m·°C and of copper is 397
J/s·m·°C. A rod
of each material is used as a heat conductor. If the rods have the same geometry
and are used
between the same temperature differences for the same time interval, what is the
ratio of the
heat transferred by the aluminum to the heat transferred by the
copper? a. 0.599
b. 1.67
c. 0.359
d. 2.78
A
61. I place a 500-g ice cube (initially at 0°C) in a Styrofoam box with wall thickness
1.0 cm and
total surface area 600 cm2
. If the air surrounding the box is at 20°C and after 4 hours the ice is completely
melted, what is the conductivity of the Styrofoam material? (Lf = 80 cal/g) a. 9.6 ×
10−5
cal/s⋅cm⋅°C
b. 2.8 × 10−6
cal/s⋅cm⋅°C
c. 1.15 × 10−2
cal/s⋅cm⋅°C
d. 2.3 × 10−4
cal/s⋅cm⋅°C
D
62. Consider two different rods. The greatest thermal conductivity will be in the rod
with: a. electrons that are freer to move from atom to atom.
b. the greater specific heat.
c. the greater cross-sectional area.
d. the greater length.
A
63. Which type of heating causes sunburn?
a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. all of the above
...
64. In winter, light-colored clothes will keep you warmer than dark-colored clothes
if: a. you are warmer than your surroundings.
b. you are at the same temperature as your surroundings.
c. you are cooler than your surroundings.
d. you are standing in sunlight.
A
65. A silver bar of length 30 cm and cross-sectional area 1.0 cm2
is used to transfer heat from a
100°C reservoir to a 0°C block of ice. How much ice is melted per second? (For silver,
k=
427 J/s⋅m⋅°C. For ice, Lf = 334 000 J/kg.)
a. 4.2 g/s
b. 2.1 g/s
c. 0.80 g/s
d. 0.043 g/s
D
66. At high noon, the sun delivers 1 000 W to each square meter of a blacktop
road. What is the
equilibrium temperature of the hot asphalt, assuming its emissivity e = 1? (σ = 5.67
× 10−8
W/m2
⋅K4
).
a. 75°C
b. 84°C
c. 91°C
d. 99°C
C
67. The surface of the Sun has a temperature of about 5 800 K. If the radius of the
Sun is 7 × 108
m, determine the power output of the sun. (Take e = 1, and σ = 5.67 ×
10−8 W/m2
⋅K4
).
a. 3.95 × 1026 W
b. 5.17 × 1027 W
c. 9.62 × 1028 W
d. 6.96 × 1030 W
A
68. The tungsten filament of a light bulb has an operating temperature of about 2 100
K. If the
emitting area of the filament is 1.0 cm2
, and its emissivity is 0.68, what is the power output of
the light bulb? (σ = 5.67 × 10−8
W/m2
⋅K4
)
a. 100 W
b. 75 W
c. 60 W
d. 40 W
B
69. An object at 27°C has its temperature increased to 37°C. The power then
radiated by this
object increases by how many percent?
a. 3.3
b. 14
c. 37
d. 253
B
70. What temperature increase is necessary to increase the power radiated from
an object by a
factor of 8?
a. 8 K
b. 2 K
c. 100%
d. about 68%
D
71. A metal bar is used to conduct heat. When the temperature at one end is 100°C
and at the
other is 20°C, heat is transferred at a rate of 16 J/s. If the temperature of the hotter
end is
reduced to 80°C, what will be the rate of heat transfer?
a. 4 J/s
b. 8 J/s
c. 9 J/s
d. 12 J/s
D
72. A metal bar is used to conduct heat. When the temperature at one end is 100°C
and at the
other is 20°C, heat is transferred at a rate of 16 J/s. The bar is then stretched
uniformly to
twice its original length. If again it has ends at 100°C and 20°C, at what rate will heat
be transferred between it ends?
a. 4 J/s
b. 8 J/s
c. 16 J/s
d. 32 J/s
A
73. In a greenhouse, electromagnetic energy in the form of visible light enters the
glass panes and
is absorbed and then reradiated. What happens to this reradiated
electromagnetic radiation
from within the greenhouse?
a. 100% returns to the atmosphere.
b. It's partially blocked by glass.
c. It's transformed into ultraviolet upon striking the glass.
d. It's reflected as visible light upon striking the glass.
B
74. Of the planets with atmospheres, which is the warmest?
a. Venus
b. Earth
c. Mars
d. Jupiter
A
75. Which of the following produces greenhouse gases?
a. burning fossil fuel
b. digestive processes in cows
c. automobile pollution
d. all of the above
D
76. Carbon dioxide and water molecules in the atmosphere will
absorb: a. infrared light.
b. visible light.
c. ultraviolet light.
d. radio waves.
A
1. Which state of matter is associated with the very highest of
temperatures? b. plasma
2. An ice cube with a small solid steel sphere frozen inside floats in a glass of
water filled to the brim. What happens to the level of water in the glass as a result of
the ice melting?
c. It goes down
3. A 1.00-kg platinum-iridium cylinder is 26.0 mm in height and 40.0 mm in
diameter. What is the density of the material?
a. 30.6 g/cm3
4. The quantity "pressure" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities
(mass, length, time) is equivalent to
b. ML−1T−2.
5. The pressure inside a commercial airliner is maintained at 1.00 atm (105 Pa). What
is the net outward force exerted on a 1.0 m × 2.0 m cabin door if the outside pressure
is 0.30 atm?
d. 140 000 N
6. A stonecutter's chisel has an edge area of 0.50 cm2. If the chisel is struck with a
force of 45.0 N, what is the pressure exerted on the stone?
d. 9.0E+5 Pa
7. When water freezes, it expands about nine percent. What would be the
pressure increase inside your automobile engine block if the water in there froze?
(The bulk modulus of ice is 2.0 × 109 Pa, and 1 atm = 1.0 × 105 Pa.)
d. 1 800 atm
8. The Greenland ice sheet can be one km thick. Estimate the pressure underneath
the ice. (The density of ice is 918 kg/m3.)
d. 9.0 × 106 Pa (90 atm)
9. What is the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4
× 106 m, and atmospheric pressure at the surface is 105 N/m2.)
c. 5 × 1018 kg
10. A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 500
kg/m3 and the other having density of 6 000 kg/m3. If the object contains equal
volumes of the materials, what is its average density?
b. 4 250 kg/m3
11. A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 500
kg/m3 and the other having density of 6 500 kg/m3. If the object contains equal
masses of the materials, what is its average density?
a. 3 611 kg/m3
12. A Boeing-737 airliner has a mass of 20 500 kg. The total area of the wings is
105 m2. What must be the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the
wings to keep the airplane up?
a. 1.91E+3 Pa
13. A container is filled with water and the pressure at the container bottom is P. If
the container is instead filled with oil having specific gravity 0.80, what new bottom
pressure results?
a. a pressure < P
14. A container is filled with water and the pressure at the bottom of the container is
P. Then the container is emptied halfway and topped off with oil of density 0.8 ×
103 kg/m3, which floats on top of the water. What is the pressure at the bottom of
the container now?
a. a pressure < P
15. A cube-shaped box is sitting on the floor. The pressure the box exerts on the floor
is 235 Pa. If the density of the box is 21.0 kg/m3, what is the length of each side of
the box?
b. 1.14 m
16. What is the total force on the bottom of a 2.0-m-diameter by 1.5-m-deep
round wading pool due to the weight of the air and the weight of the water? (Note the
pressure contribution from the atmosphere is 1.0 × 105 N/m2, the density of water is 1
000 kg/m3, and g = 9.8 m/s2.)
d. 3.6E+5 N
17. In a large tank of liquid, the hydrostatic pressure at a given depth is a function
of d. Choices a and c are both valid.
18. A 14 500-N car on a hydraulic lift rests on a cylinder with a piston of radius 0.100
m. If a connecting cylinder with a piston of 0.050-m radius is driven by compressed
air, what force must be applied to this smaller piston in order to lift the car? a. 1.45E+4
N
19. By what factor is the total pressure greater at a depth of 900 m in water than at
the surface where pressure is one atmosphere? (water density = 1.0 × 103 kg/m3,
1 atmosphere pressure = 1.01 × 105 N/m2, and g = 9.8 m/s2)
b. 88
20. If the column of mercury in a barometer stands at 73.0 cm, what is the
atmospheric pressure? (The density of mercury is 13.6 × 103 kg/m3 and g = 9.80
m/s2) a. 9.73E+4 N/m2
21. Dams at two different locations are needed to form a lake. When the lake is
filled, the water level will be at the top of both dams. The Dam #2 is twice as high and
twice as
wide as Dam #1. How much greater is the force of the water on Dam #2 than the
force on Dam #1? (Ignore atmospheric pressure; it is pushing on both sides of the
dams.) c. 8
22. Atmospheric pressure is 1.00 × 105 N/m2, and the density of air is 1.29 kg/m3. If
the density of air is constant as you get higher and higher, calculate the height of
the atmosphere needed to produce this pressure.
c. 7 900 m
23. The water behind Grand Coulee Dam is 1 000 m wide and 200 m deep. Find
the hydrostatic force on the back of the dam. (Hint: the total force = average
pressure × area)
c. 1.96E+11 N
24. How deep under the surface of a lake would the pressure be double that at
the surface? (1 atm = 1.01 × 105 Pa)
c. 10.3 m
25. A fountain sends water to a height of 113 m. What must be the
pressurization (above atmospheric) of the underground water system? (1 atm =
105 N/m2) d. 11.1 atm
26. Why do vapor bubbles get larger in boiling water as they approach the surface? c.
The pressure in the water decreases as the bubble moves toward the surface. 27. At a
pressure of 1 atmosphere a column of mercury in a barometer is supported to the
height h = 0.76 m. The density of mercury is 13.6 × 103 kg/m3. A barometer of similar
design filled with water would support a column of water how high at a pressure of 1
atmosphere?
d. more than ten times h
28. A reading of a tire gauge tells you that the gauge pressure in a tire is 31 lb/in2.
What is the absolute pressure in the tire? Assume that atmospheric pressure is 14
lb/in2. c. 45 lb/in2
29. A U-tube is partially filled with water and then an immiscible liquid is added to
the right side. The top of the liquid is a distance h1 above the level of interface
between the liquid and water. On the left side of the tube the top of the water is a
distance h2 above the liquid-water interface on the right side. What is the density of the
liquid in terms of the density of water ? Note that h2 < h1.
b. h2/h1 p H2O
30. A U-tube is partially filled with water and then an immiscible liquid is added to
the right side. The top of the liquid is a distance h1 = 2.40 cm above the level of
interface between the liquid and water. On the left side of the tube the top of the
water is a distance h2 = 1.48 cm above the liquid-water interface on the right side.
What is the density of the liquid in terms of the density of water, 1 000 kg/m3?
b. 617 kg/m3
31. The spring of the pressure gauge shown in the figure has a force constant of
900 N/m, and the piston has a radius of 1.5 cm.
As the gauge is lowered into water, what change in depth causes the piston to move
in by 0.88 cm? The density of water is 1 000 kg/m3.
a. 1.1 m
32. When lying down, the gauge pressure of the blood at a patient's heart is 13.3 kPa. If
the patient suddenly stands up and her body doesn't compensate quickly enough for
the
pressure changes, what would be the pressure at her head, 55.0 cm above her
heart? The density of blood is 1 060 kg/m3.
a. 7.59E+3 Pa
33. A piece of aluminum has density 2.70 g/cm3 and mass 769 g. The aluminum
is submerged in a container of oil (oil's density = 0.650 g/cm3). How much oil does
the metal displace?
a. 285 cm3
34. A piece of aluminum has density 2.70 g/cm3 and mass 770 g. The aluminum
is submerged in a container of oil of density 0.650 g/cm3. A spring balance is
attached with string to the piece of aluminum. What reading will the balance register in
grams (g) for the submerged metal?
c. 585 g
35. A block of wood has density 0.500 g/cm3 and mass 2 000 g. It floats in a
container of oil (the oil's density is 0.750 g/cm3). What volume of oil does the wood
displace? b. 2 670 cm3
36. What volume of water is displaced by a submerged 2.0-kg cylinder made of
solid aluminum? (aluminum density = 2.7 × 103 kg/m3 and water density = 1.0 × 103
kg/m3) b. 7.4E-4 m3
37. A ping-pong ball has an average density of 0.0840 g/cm3 and a diameter of
3.80 cm. What force would be required to keep the ball completely submerged under
water? d. 0.258 N
38. A cube of wood of density 0.780 g/cm3 is 11.2 cm on a side. When placed in
water, what height of the block will float above the surface? (water density = 1.00
g/cm3) c. 2.46 cm
39. The bottom of a flat-bottomed aluminum boat has an area of 4.20 m2 and the
boat's mass is 63.0 kg. When set afloat in water, how far below the water surface is the
boat bottom? (water density = 1.00 × 103 kg/m3)
b. 0.0150 m
40. The bottom of a flat-bottomed aluminum boat has area = 4.10 m2 and mass =
65.0 kg. If two fishermen and their fishing gear with total mass of 305 kg are placed in
the boat, how much lower will the boat ride in the water? (H2O density = 1.0 × 103
kg/m3) c. 0.0744 m
41. Legend says that Archimedes, in determining whether or not the king's crown
was made of pure gold, measured its volume by the water displacement method. If
the density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3, and the crown's mass is 600 g, what volume would
be necessary to prove that it is pure gold?
a. 3.1E+1 cm3
42. A solid rock, suspended in air by a spring scale, has a measured mass of 8.50
kg. When the rock is submerged in water, the scale reads 4.00 kg. What is the
density of the rock? (water density = 1 000 kg/m3)
d. 1.9E+3 kg/m3
43. As ice floats in water, about 10% of the ice floats above the surface of the water.
If we float some ice in a glass of water, what will happen to the water level as the
ice melts?
c. The water level will remain unchanged.
44. A large stone is resting on the bottom of the swimming pool. The normal force of
the bottom of the pool on the stone is equal to the
d. difference between the weight of the stone and the weight of the displaced water.
45. A blimp is filled with 440 m3 of helium. How big a payload can the balloon lift?
(The density of air is 1.29 kg/m3; the density of helium is 0.178 kg/m3.)
d. 489 kg
An initially installed flywheel can store 106 J of kinetic energy when rotating at
300 rad/s. It is replaced by another flywheel of the same size but made of a lighter
and stronger material. If its mass is half that of the original and it is now capable of
achieving a rotational speed of 600 rad/s, what maximum energy can be stored? 20 ´
105 J
A bucket filled with water has a mass of 23 kg and is attached to a rope, which in turn,
is wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. What torque does
the weight of water and bucket produce on the cylinder if the cylinder is not permitted
to rotate? (g = 9.8 m/s2)
A bucket filled with water has a mass of 23 kg and is attached to a rope, which in turn,
is wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. What torque does
the weight of water and bucket produce on the cylinder if the cylinder is not permitted
to rotate? (g = 9.8 m/s2)
11 N×m
A bus is designed to draw its power from a rotating flywheel that is brought up to
its maximum speed (3 000 rpm) by an electric motor. The flywheel is a solid
cylinder of mass 500 kg and radius 0.500 m (Icylinder = MR2/2). If the bus requires
an average power of 10.0 kW, how long will the flywheel rotate?
308 s
Masses are distributed in the x,y-plane as follows: 6.0 kg at (0.0, 0.0) m, 4.0 kg at
(2.0, 0.0) m, and 5.0 kg at (2.0, 3.0) m. What is the x-coordinate of the center of
gravity of this system of masses
1.2 m
A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.15-kg ball using only
the rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. If the ball starts at
rest and is released with a speed of 12 m/s in a time of 0.40 s, what torque is applied
to the ball while being held by the pitcher's hand to produce the angular acceleration?
1.4 N×m
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is
wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. The bucket is raised to
the top of the well and released. The bucket is moving with a speed of 8.0 m/s upon
hitting the water surface in the well. What is the angular speed of the cylinder at this
instant? 160 rad/s
Masses are distributed in the xy-plane as follows: 10 kg at (2.0, 6.0) m, 4.0 kg at
(2.0, 0.0) m, and 6.0 kg at (0.0, 3.0) m. Where would a 20-kg mass need to be
positioned so that the center of gravity of the resulting four mass system would be at
the origin? (-1.4, -3.9) m
The total kinetic energy of a baseball thrown with a spinning motion is a function
of: both linear and rotational speeds.
A turntable has a moment of inertia of 3.00 ´ 10-2 kg×m2 and spins freely on
a frictionless bearing at 25.0 rev/min. A 0.300-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically onto
the turntable and sticks at a point 0.100 m from the center. What is the new rate of
rotation of the system?
22.7 rev/min
A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right angles
to make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.80 m long and each ball on the end is 0.20
kg.
(Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of inertia if the arrangement is
spun around an axis formed by one of the batons?
0.064 kg×m2
An 800-N billboard worker stands on a 4.0-m scaffold supported by vertical ropes
at each end. If the scaffold weighs 500 N and the worker stands 1.0 m from one end,
what is the tension in the rope nearest the worker?
850 N
A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.15-kg ball using only
the rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. What is the
moment of inertia of the ball alone as it moves in a circular arc with a radius of 0.32
m? 1.5 ´ 10-2 kg×m2
A bowling ball has a mass of 7.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 2.8 ´ 10-2 kg×m2 and
a radius of 0.10 m. If it rolls down the lane without slipping at a linear speed of 4.0
m/s, what is its angular speed?
40 rad/s
Consider the use of the terms "rotation" and "revolution". In
physics: the words have different meaning
A cylinder with its mass concentrated toward the center has a moment of inertia of
0.1 MR2. If this cylinder is rolling without slipping along a level surface with a linear
speed v, what is the ratio of its rotational kinetic energy to its linear kinetic energy? 1/l0
A 100-N uniform ladder, 8.0 m long, rests against a smooth vertical wall. The
coefficient of static friction between ladder and floor is 0.40. What minimum angle can
the ladder make with the floor before it slips?
51°
An object of radius R and moment of inertia I rolls down an incline of height H
after starting from rest. Its total kinetic energy at the bottom of the incline: cannot
be found from the given information alone.
A solid cylinder of mass 3.0 kg and radius 0.2 m starts from rest at the top of a
ramp, inclined 15°, and rolls to the bottom without slipping. (For a cylinder I =
0.5MR2) The upper end of the ramp is 1.2 m higher than the lower end. Find the
linear speed of the cylinder when it reaches the bottom of the ramp. (g = 9.8 m/s2)
4.0 m/s
A woman who weighs 500 N stands on an 8.0-m-long board that weighs 100 N.
The board is supported at each end. The support force at the right end is 3 times the
support force at the left end. How far from the right end is the woman standing? 1.6 m
If a net torque is applied to an object, that object will experience:
an angular acceleration.
A turntable has a moment of inertia of 3.00 ´ 10-2 kg×m2 and spins freely on
a frictionless bearing at 25.0 rev/min. A 0.300-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically on
the turntable and sticks at a point 0.100 m from the center. By what factor does the
angular momentum of the system change after the putty is dropped onto the turntable?
1.00 (no change)
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn, is
wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. A crank with a turning
radius of
0.25 m is attached to the end of the cylinder. What minimum force
directed perpendicular to the crank handle is required to just raise the bucket?
(Assume the rope's mass is negligible, that cylinder turns on frictionless bearings,
and that g = 9.8 m/s2.)
45 N
A rotating flywheel can be used as a method to store energy. If it has 1.0 ´ 106 J
of kinetic energy when rotating at 400 rad/s, and if a frictional torque of 4.0 N×m acts
on the system, in what interval of time would the flywheel come to rest? 21 min
A ventilation fan with a moment of inertia of 0.034 kg×m2 has a net torque of 0.11
N×m applied to it. If it starts from rest, what kinetic energy will it have 8.0 s later? 11 J
An astronaut is on a 100-m lifeline outside a spaceship, circling the ship with an
angular speed of 0.100 rad/s. How far inward can she be pulled before the
centripetal acceleration reaches 5g = 49 m/s2?
72.7 m
A gyroscope has a moment of inertia of 0.140 kg×m2 and has an initial angular speed
of 15.0 rad/s. If a lubricant is applied to the bearings of the gyroscope so that
frictional torque is reduced to 2.00 ´ 10-2 N×m, then in what time interval will the
gyroscope coast from 15.0 rad/s to zero?
105 s
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is
wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder, with crank, at the top of a well. The moment
of inertia of the cylinder and crank is 0.12 kg×m2. The bucket is raised to the top of the
well and released to fall back into the well. What is the kinetic energy of the cylinder
and crank at the instant the bucket is moving with a speed of 8.0 m/s?
1.5 ´ 103 J
A figure skater with arms initially extended starts spinning on the ice at 3 rad/s. She
then pulls her arms in close to her body. Which of the following results?
a greater rotational rate
A figure skater on ice with arms extended, spins at a rate of 2.5 rev/s. After he draws
his arms in, he spins at 6.0 rev/s. By what factor does the skater's kinetic energy
change when he draws his arms in?
2.4
A 40-kg boy is standing on the edge of a stationary 30-kg platform that is free to
rotate. The boy tries to walk around the platform in a counterclockwise direction. As he
does: the platform rotates in a clockwise direction while the boy goes around in
a counterclockwise direction relative to the ground.
An object of mass m and moment of inertia I has rotational kinetic energy KR.
Its angular momentum is:
(2 IKR)1/2.
According to Newton's second law, the angular acceleration experienced by an object
is directly proportional to:
the net applied torque.
Two hoops or rings (I = MR2) are centered, lying on a turntable. The smaller ring
has radius = 0.050 m; the larger has radius = 0.10 m. Both have a mass of 3.0 kg.
What is the total moment of inertia as the turntable spins? Ignore the mass of the
turntable. 0.038 kg×m2
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is
wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. A crank with a turning
radius of 0.25 m is attached to the end of the cylinder and the moment of inertia of
cylinder and crank is 0.12 kg×m2. If the bucket is raised to the top of the well and
released, what is the acceleration of the bucket as it falls toward the bottom of the
well? (Assume rope's mass is negligible, that cylinder turns on frictionless bearings
and that g = 9.8 m/s2.) 3.2 m/s2
A meter stick is supported by a knife-edge at the 50-cm mark. Doug hangs masses
of 0.40 and 0.60 kg from the 20-cm and 80-cm marks, respectively. Where should
Doug hang a third mass of 0.30 kg to keep the stick balanced?
30 cm
A solid sphere of mass 4.0 kg and radius 0.12 m is at rest at the top of a ramp
inclined 15°. It rolls to the bottom without slipping. The upper end of the ramp is 1.2 m
higher than the lower end. Find the sphere's total kinetic energy when it reaches the
bottom. 47 J
A rod of length L is hinged at one end. The moment of inertia as the rod rotates
around that hinge is ML2/3. Suppose a 2.00-m rod with a mass of 3.00 kg is hinged at
one end and is held in a horizontal position. The rod is released as the free end is
allowed to fall. What is the angular acceleration as it is released?
7.35 rad/s2
A uniform, horizontal beam of length 6.0 m and weight 120 N is attached at one end to
a wall by a pin connection (so that it may rotate). A cable attached to the wall above
the pin supports the opposite end. The cable makes an angle of 60° with the
horizontal. What is the tension in the cable needed to maintain the beam in
equilibrium? 69 N
A ventilation fan with a moment of inertia of 0.034 kg×m2 has a net torque of 0.11
N×m applied to it. What angular acceleration does it experience?
3.2 rad/s2
A baseball pitcher, loosening up his arm before a game, tosses a 0.15-kg ball using
only the rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. If the ball starts
at rest and is released with a speed of 12 m/s in a time of 0.40 s, what is the
average angular acceleration of the arm and ball?
94 rad/s2
A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right angles
to make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.80 m long and each ball on the end is 0.20
kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of inertia if the arrangement is
spun around an axis through the center perpendicular to both rods?
0.13 kg×m2
A 4.2-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m. Where can an 8.4-kg mass be placed so
that the moment of inertia about the z-axis is zero?
there is no position giving this result
A 3.0-m rod is pivoted about its left end. A force of 6.0 N is applied perpendicular to
the rod at a distance of 1.2 m from the pivot causing a ccw torque, and a force of 5.2 N
is applied at the end of the rod 3.0 m from the pivot. The 5.2 N is at an angle of 30o to
the rod and causes a cw torque. What is the net torque about the pivot? -0.6 N·m
A solid sphere with mass, M, and radius, R, rolls along a level surface without
slipping with a linear speed, v. What is the ratio of rotational to linear kinetic energy?
(For a solid sphere, I = 0.4 MR2).
2/5
An 80-kg man is one fourth of the way up a 10-m ladder that is resting against
a smooth, frictionless wall. If the ladder has a mass of 20 kg and it makes an angle of
60° with the ground, find the force of friction of the ground on the foot of the ladder. 1.7
´ 102 N
A uniform bridge span weighs 50.0 ´ 103 N and is 40.0 m long. An automobile
weighing 15.0 ´ 103 N is parked with its center of gravity located 12.0 m from the right
pier. What upward support force does the left pier provide?
29.5 ´ 103 N
A bowling ball has a mass of 7.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 2.8 ´ 10-2 kg×m2 and
a radius of 0.10 m. If it rolls down the lane without slipping at a linear speed of 4.0
m/s, what is its total kinetic energy?
78 J
A turntable has a moment of inertia of 3.0 ´ 10-2 kg×m2 and spins freely on a
frictionless bearing at 25 rev/min. A 0.30-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically on the
turntable and sticks at a point 0.10 m from the center. By what factor does the kinetic
energy of the system change after the putty is dropped onto the turntable?
0.91
A rotating flywheel can be used as a method to store energy. If it is required that such
a device be able to store up to a maximum of 1.00 ´ 106 J when rotating at 400
rad/s, what moment of inertia is required?
12.5 kg×m2
A hoop of radius 1.0 m is placed in the first quadrant of an xy-coordinate system with
its rim touching both the x-axis and the y-axis. What are the coordinates of its center
of gravity?
(1.0, 1.0) m
A solid cylinder (I = MR2/2) has a string wrapped around it many times. When I
release the cylinder, holding on to the string, the cylinder falls and spins as the string
unwinds. What is the downward acceleration of the cylinder as it falls?
6.5 m/s2
Tasha has mass 20 kg and wants to use a 4.0-m board of mass 10 kg as a seesaw.
Her friends are busy, so Tasha seesaws by herself by putting the support at the
system's center of gravity when she sits on one end of the board. How far is she from
the support point?
0.67 m
The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical
orbit. Compare the motion of the satellite at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to
the motion at the point farthest from the Earth (apogee). At these two points:
the angular momenta are the same.
An ice skater spins at 2.5 rev/s when his arms are extended. He draws his arms in
and spins at 6.0 rev/s. By what factor does his moment of inertia change in the
process? .42
An object with mass m and moment of inertia I is spinning with an angular momentum L.
Its kinetic energy is:
0.5 L2/I.
Two children seat themselves on a seesaw. The one on the left has a weight of 400
N while the one on the right weighs 300 N. The fulcrum is at the midpoint of the
seesaw. If the child on the left is not at the end but is 1.50 m from the fulcrum and the
seesaw is balanced, what is the torque provided by the weight of the child on the right?
-600 N·m
An 800-N billboard worker stands on a 4.0-m scaffold weighing 500 N and supported
by vertical ropes at each end. How far would the worker stand from one of the
supporting ropes to produce a tension of 550 N in that rope?
2.5 m
A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 6.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, -4.0)
m. What is the moment of inertia of this system of masses about the y-axis? 90
kg·m2
A uniform solid sphere rolls down an incline of height 3 m after starting from rest.
In order to calculate its speed at the bottom of the incline, one needs to know: no
more than is given in the problem
A vault is opened by applying a force of 300 N perpendicular to the plane of the
door, 0.80 m from the hinges. Find the torque due to this force about an axis through
the hinges.
240 N×m
A cylinder (I = MR2/2) is rolling along the ground at 7.0 m/s. It comes to a hill and
starts going up. Assuming no losses to friction, how high does it get before it stops?
3.7 m
The Earth moves about the Sun in an elliptical orbit. As the Earth moves closer to
the Sun, which of the following best describes the Earth-Sun system's moment of
inertia? decreases
The quantity "angular momentum" (in terms of the fundamental quantities of
mass, length, and time) is equivalent to:
ML2T-1.
A solid disk of radius R rolls down an incline in time T. The center of the disk is
removed up to a radius of R/2. The remaining portion of the disk with its center gone is
again rolled down the same incline. The time it takes is:
More than T
A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 6.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, -4.0)
m. What is the moment of inertia of this system of masses about the x-axis? 160
kg·m2
An automobile accelerates from zero to 30 m/s in 6.0 s. The wheels have a diameter
of 0.40 m. What is the average angular acceleration of each wheel?
25 rad/s2
A rod of length L is pivoted about its left end and has a force F applied perpendicular
to the other end. The force F is now removed and another force F' is applied at
the midpoint of the rod. If F' is at an angle of 30o with respect to the rod, what is
its magnitude if the resulting torque is the same as when F was applied? 4F
The quantity "moment of inertia" (in terms of the fundamental quantities of mass,
length, and time) is equivalent to:
ML2.
An object consists of a rod (of length 3.0 m and negligible moment of inertia) to
which four small 2.0-kg masses are attached, one at each end and one at each point
on the rod 1.0 m from each end. (The masses are one meter apart.) The moment of
inertia of
this object about an axis perpendicular to the rod and through one of the inner
masses: is 12 kg×m2.
A ventilation fan with a moment of inertia of 0.034 kg×m2 has a net torque of 0.11
N×m applied to it. If it starts from rest, what angular momentum will it have 8.0 s later?
0.88 kg×m2/s
A meter stick is hinged at its lower end and allowed to fall from a vertical position. If
its moment of inertia is ML2/3, with what angular speed does it hit the table? 5.42
rad/s
A uniform 1.0-N meter stick is suspended horizontally by vertical strings attached
at each end. A 2.0-N weight is suspended from the 10-cm position on the stick,
another 2.0-N weight is suspended from the 50 cm position, and a 3.0-N weight is
suspended from the 60 cm position. What is the tension in the string attached at the
100-cm end of the stick?
3.5 N
A gyroscope has a moment of inertia of 0.14 kg×m2 and an initial angular speed of
15 rad/s. Friction in the bearings causes its speed to reduce to zero in 30 s. What is
the value of the average frictional torque?
7.0 ´ 10-2 N×m
A tetherball is attached to a pole with a 2.0-m rope. It is circling at 0.20 rev/s. As
the rope wraps around the pole it shortens. How long is the rope when the ball is
moving at 5.0 m/s?
1.0 m
A disk has a moment of inertia of 3.0 ´ 10-4 kg×m2 and rotates with an angular speed
of 3.5 rad/sec. What net torque must be applied to bring it to rest within 3 s? 3.5 ´ 10-4
N×m
The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical
orbit. Compare the motion at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to the motion at the
point farthest from the Earth (apogee). At the point closest to the Earth:
none of the above
Functional Definition
Defining based on observable or measurable properties.
Theoretical/Fundamental Definition
based on explanatory principles.
Suppose object C is in thermal equilibrium with object A and with object B. The
zeroth law of thermodynamics states:
That A is in thermal equilibrium with B.
If heat is flowing from a table to a block of ice moving across the table, what must
be true.
The ice is cooler than the table.
An interval of one Celsius degree is equivalent to an interval of:
One kelvin
A temperature chance from 15 degrees C to 35 degrees C corresponds to
what incremental change in F?
36
A substance is heated from 15 degrees C to 35 degrees C. What would the
same incremental change be when registered in kelvins
20
Why do vapor bubbles get larger in boiling water as they approach the surface?
The pressure in the water decreases as the bubble moves toward the surface.
The pressure in a constant-volume gas thermometer extrapolates to zero at
what temperature
0 K.
An ideal gas is confined to a container with adjustable volume. The pressure and
mole number are constant. By what factor will volume change if absolute temperature
triples? 3.0
The temperature of a quantity of ideal gas in a sealed container is increased from 0 C
to 273 C. What happens to the speed of the molecules with average kinetic energy of
the gas as a result of this temperature increase?
It increases but it less than doubles.
The noble gases, listed by increasing molecular weight, are He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe and Rn.
If samples of 1 mole each of these gases are placed in separate containers and heated
to 300K, which gas has the greatest internal energy and the molecules of which gas
have the highest average speed?
All the gases have the same internal energy and He has the greatest speed.
Boltzmann's constant, kB may be derived as a function of R, the universal gas
constant, and NA, Avogadro's number. Which expresses the value of kB?
R/NA
If the temperature of an ideal gas contained in a box is increased:
the average speed of the molecules in the box will be increased.
How many atoms are present in a sample of pure iron with a mass of
300g? 3.2 x 10^24
For an ideal gas of a given mass, if the pressure remains the same and the
volume increases:
the average kinetic energy of the molecule increases.
The ideal gas law treats gas as consisting of:
molecules
The sulfur hexafluoride molecule consists of one sulfur atom and six fluorine atoms.
The atomic masses of sulfur and fluorine are 32.0 u and 19.0 u respectively. One mole
of this very heavy gas has what mass?
146g
The average kinetic energy of a molecule in a monatomic ideal gas is given by:
3/2 kbT
If the temperature of a volume of ideal gas increases from 100C to 200C, what
happens to the average kinetic energy of the molecules?
It increases but less than double.
If the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a monatomic ideal gas at 27C
is doubled, what is the resulting temperature of the gas?
it becomes 327 degrees C.
Suppose the pressure od 20g of an ideal monatomic gas is tripled while its volume
is halved. What happens to the internal energy of the gas?
It increases
The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to which of
the following properties, when taken as an average, of the molecules of that
gas? kinetic energy.
For an ideal gas of a given mass, if the pressure remains the same and the
volume increases:
the average kinetic energy of the molecules increases.
John rapidly pulls a plunger out of a cylinder increasing its volume. As the
plunger moves away, the gas molecules bouncing elastically off the plunger are:
rebounding at a lower speed than they would have if the plunger weren't removed.
Consider two containers with the same volume and temperature. Container One
holds dry air (N and O). Container two holds moist air. The moist air has the same
ratio of nitrogen to oxygen molecules but also contains water vapor. According to the
ideal gas law, if the pressures are equal, the weight of the gas in container one will be:
heavier than the gas inside the second container.
In cloud formation, water vapor turns into water droplets which get bigger and
bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to: get
warmer.
Estimate the volume of a helium-filled balloon if it is to lift a payload of 500 kg.
The density of air is 1.29 kg/m^3 and helium has a density of 0.178 kg/m^3 450
m^3
The ideal gas in a sealed container has its absolute temperature doubled.
What happens to the average time between molecular collisions in the gas? it
decreases, but not to half its original value
Tricia puts 44g of dry ice (solid CO2) into a 2L container and seals the top. The dry
ice turns to gas at room temperature (20C). Find the pressure increase in the 2L
container. 12 atm.
A spherical air bubble originating from a scuba diver at a depth of 18m has a
diameter of 1cm. What will the bubbles diameter be when it reaches the surface?
1.4cm
Metal lids on glass jars can often be loosened by running them under hot water.
Why? The metal has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than glass so the
metal expands more than the glass, thus loosening the connection.
A steel wire, 150m long at 10C, has a coefficient of linear expansion of 11 x
10^6/C. Give its change in length as the temperature changes from 10C to 45C.
5.8cm
A steel plate has a hole drilled through it. The plate is put into a furnace and
heated. What happens to the size of the inside diameter of a hole as its temperature
increases? increases
A brass cube, 10cm on a side, is raised in temperature by 200C. The coefficient
of volume expansion of brass is 57 x 10^6/C. By what percentage does volume
increase? 1.1%
The thermal expansion of a solid is caused by:
increasing the distance between equilibrium positions for the vibrating atoms. At room
temperature, the coefficient of linear expansion for Pyrex glass is _______ that for
ordinary glass.
less than
Inside a house, stepping on a tile floor barefooted may feel almost cold, but stepping
on carpet in an adjacent room feels comfortably warm. Why is this?
its because the thermal conductivity of carpet is less than that of tile. What best
describes a substance in which the temperature remains constant while at the same
time it is experiencing an inward heat flow
substance undergoing a change of state
which best describes the relationship between two systems in thermal equilibrium?
no net energy is exchanged.
if heat is flowing from a table to a block of ice moving across the table, which of
the following must be true?
the ice is cooler than the table
samples of substance with fixed volume and shape
solids
samples of substance that have volume and shape which vary depending on the
shape of its container
gases
samples of substance with fixed volume but a shape which changes to the shape of
its container
liquids
pennies used to be made of copper, but now they are made of copper coated zing.
if one were to do a precise calorimetry experiment to determine the specific heat of
the new pennies, what would the result be??
it would be between that of copper and that of zinc, depending on the thickness A
plot of the temperature versus the energy per kg added to a piece of ice as it
goes from below freezing at -10C to becoming steam and 110C consists of straight
lines, some horizontal and some with an upward slope. What do the upward
slopes represent?
reciprocals of specific heats
20 grams of a solid at 70C is placed in 100g of fluid at 20C. Thermal equilibrium
is reached at 30C. The specific heat of the solid:
is more than that of the fluid.
which of the following best describes a substance in which the temperature
remains constant while at the same time it is experiencing and inward heat flow?
substance undergoing a change of state
which of the following involves the greatest heat transfer?
one gram of steam at 100C changing to water at 100C
Iced tea is made by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at 80C. How many kg of
ice, initially at 0C, are required to bring the mixture to 10C?
1.4 kg
The inside of a house is at 20C when the temperature outside is 15C. The next
morning the inside temp is the same but the outside is 10C. How much does the
energy per unite time lost by conduction through the walls, windows, doors, etc.,
change for the house from the first morning to the second?
the loss doubles
of the following systems, which contains the most heat?
systems do not contain heat.
when a wool blanket is used to keep warm, what is the primary insulating
material? air
the use of fiberglass insulation in the outer walls of a building is intended to
minimize heat transfer through the wall by what process?
conduction
If cooking is done using an aluminum pan over an electric burner, which of the
following will not promote the rate of heat flow from burner to food?
increase pan bottom thickness
process of heat transfer that requires the presence of a fluid?
convection
Two stars, A and B, have the same emissivity, but the radii and surface
temperatures are different with Ra = 0.5 and Ta = 2. Assuming the temperature of
space to be negligible, which star radiates the most energy per unit time?
Star A
If ones hands are being warmed by holding them to one side of a flame,
the predominant form of heat transfer is what process?
radiation
the surfaces of a Dewar flask are silvered for the purpose of minimizing heat transfer
by what process?
radiation
how does the heat energy from the sun reach us though the vacuum of
space? radiation
the emissivity of an idea reflector has which of the following
values? 0
which type of heating causes sunburn?
radiation
In winter, light-colored clothes will keep you warmer than dark clothes
if: you are warmer than your surroundings
An object at 27C has its temperature increased to 37C. The power then radiated by
this object increases by what percent?
14%
A system is acted on by its surroundings in such a way that it receives 50J of heat
while simultaneously doing 20J of work. What is the net change in internal energy? 30
J
In an isothermal process for an ideal gas system, which of the following choices
best corresponds to the value of the work done on the system?
the negative of its heat intake
According to the first law of thermodynamics, the sum of the heat gained by a
system and the work done on that same system is equivalent to which of the
following? internal energy change
On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point (P1, V1)
and both ending at the same increased volume (V2). One curve is for an isothermal
process; the other is for an adiabatic process. Except for the common starting point,
which curve is the upper one?
the isothermal process curve will always be the upper one.
In an isovolumetric process where the pressure increases, are the heat absorbed,
work done by the system, and the change in internal energy of the system positive,
negative or zero?
Q is +, W is 0, and Delta U is -.
The volume of an ideal gas changes from 0.40 to 0.55 m^3 although its
pressure remains constant at 50,000 Pa. What work is done on the system by its
environment -7500J
During an isobaric process which one of the following does not
change? pressure
Area on a P-V diagram has units associated with:
energy
what is the work done on the gas as it expands from pressure P1, and volume V1
to pressure P2 and volume V2 along the indicated straight line?
(P1 + P2)(V1 - V2)/2
On a P-V diagram, an ______ process is represented by a horizontal
line. isobaric
In an isobaric process 4.5 x 10^4 J of work is done on a quantity of gas while its
volume changes from 2.6 m^3 to 1.1 m^3. What is the pressure during this process?
3.0 x 10^4 Pa
In an isovolumetric process by an ideal gas, the system's heat gain is equivalent to
a change in:
internal energy
A 2.0 mol ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4.0L. If 100J of heat
is added, what is the work done on the system?
zero
A closed 2.0L container holds 3.0 mol of an ideal gas. If 200J of heat is added, what
is the change in internal energy of the system?
200J
The adiabatic index, y, of a gas is given by which of the following?
Cp/Cv
An adiabatic expansion refers to the fact that:
no heat is transferred between a system and its surroundings
A 4 mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and
does 20 J of work on its environment. What is its change in internal energy? -20J
A 4 mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and
does 20J of work on its environment. How much heat is received by the system?
zero
Heat is applied to an ice-water mixture to melt some of the ice. In this
process: the internal energy increases.
An ideal gas at pressure, volume and temperature, Po, Vo and To, respectively,
is heated to point A, allowed to expand to point B also at A's temperature 2To, and
then returned to the original condition. The internal energy decreased by 3PoVo/2
going from point B to point To. In going around this cycle once, which quantity equals
zero? the net change in internal energy of the gas.
A thermodynamic process that happens very quickly tends to be:
adiabatic.
Three Carnot engines operate between temperature reservoirs as follows. Engine A:
Th = 1300K, Tc = 1000K; Engine B: Th = 1000K, Tc = 700K; Engine C: Th = 650K, Tc
= 500K. Which two engines have the same thermal efficiency?
A and C
A heat engine exhausts 3000J of heat while performing 1500 J of useful work. What
is the efficiency of the engine?
33%
An electrical power plant manages to send 88% of the heat produced in the burning
of fossil fuel into the water to steam conversion. Of the heat carried by the steam, 40%
is converted to the mechanical energy of the spinning turbine. Which of the
following choices best describes the overall efficiency of the heat to work conversion
in the plant (as a percentage)?
less than 40%
According to the second law of thermodynamics, which of the following applies to
the heat received from a high temperature reservoir by a heat engine operating in
a complete cycle?
cannot be completely converted to work
A heat engine receives 6000J of heat from its combustion process and loses
4000J through the exhaust and friction. What is its efficiency?
33%
If a heat engine has an efficiency of 30% and its power output is 600 W, what is the
rate of heat input from the combustion phase?
2000 W
A turbine takes in 1000 K steam and exhausts the steam at a temperature of 500
K. What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of this system?
50%
In which system is heat usually transferred from the cooler part to the warmer
part? a refrigerator that is running.
Suppose a power plant uses a Carnot engine to generate electricity, using
the atmosphere at 300 K as the low-temperature reservoir. Suppose the power
plant produces an amount of electricity with the hot reservoir at 500 K during Day One
and then produces the same amount of electricity with the hot reservoir at 600 K during
Day Two. The thermal pollution was:
greatest on Day One
An 800 MW electric power plant has an efficiency of 30%. It loses its waste heat in
large cooling towers. Approximately how much waste heat (in MJ) is discharged to
the atmosphere per second?
1900 MJ
The Carnot cycle consists of a combination of ______ and ______
processes. adiabatic, isothermal
Of the following heat engines, which has the highest efficiency?
a Carnot engine
A Carnot engine runs between a hot reservoir at Th and a cold reservoir at Tc. If one
of the temperatures is either increased or decreased by 3.5 K, which of the
following changes would increase the efficiency by the greatest amount?
decreasing Tc
on a P-V diagram, if a process involves a closed curve, the area inside the
curve represents:
work
The P-V diagram of a cyclic process shows a curve that encloses an area. The
work done by the heat engine, represented by the enclosed area, is positive when
the path around the area proceeds in which of the following fashions?
clockwise
Which of the following choices best corresponds to what is required by the second
law of thermodynamics for any process taking place in an isolated system? entropy
increases
which of the following choices is an appropriate unit for measuring entropy changes?
N*K
If one could observe the individual atoms making up a piece of matter and note
that during a process of change their motion somehow became more orderly, then one
may assume which of the following in regard to the system?
positive work done on
According to the first law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within
an isolated system, which of the following choices applies?
None of these choices apply.
What is the change in entropy (S) when one mole of silver (108 g) is completely
melted at 961°C? (The heat of fusion of silver is 8.82 104 J/kg.)
7.72 J/K
An avalanche of ice and snow of mass 1800 kg slides a vertical distance of 160 m down
a mountainside. If the temperature of the ice, snow, mountain and surrounding air are all
at 0°C, what is the change in entropy of the universe?
10,000 J/K
entropy is a measure of the ______ of a system.
disorder
The laws of thermodynamics can be related to the following: (i) the measurement
of temperature, (ii) the lowest temperature possible, (iii) conservation of energy, and
(iv) only part of heat energy available may be turned into work. Which of these
involve the first and second law?
(iii) and (iv)
The laws of thermodynamics can be related to the following: (i) the measurement
of temperature, (ii) the lowest temperature possible, (iii) conservation of energy, and
(iv) only part of heat energy available may be turned into work. Which of these
involve the zeroth and third law?
(I) and (ii)
1. Arrange from smallest to largest: the BTU, the joule, and the
calorie. a. BTU, J, cal
b. J, cal, BTU
c. cal, BTU, J
d. J, BTU, cal
B
2. Of the following systems, which contains the most heat?
a. 100 kg of water at 80°C
b. 250 kg of water at 40°C
c. 600 kg of ice at 0°C
d. Systems do not contain heat.
D
Heat flow occurs between two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in
what property?
a. mass
b. specific heat
c. density
d. temperature
D
4. Calories of the food type are equal to which of the following?
a. 4.186 J
b. 4 186 J
c. 1 BTU
d. 1054 J
B
5. Who demonstrated that when heat is gained or lost by a system during
some process, the gain
or loss can be accounted for by an equivalent quantity of mechanical work done on
the system?
a. Joule
b. Boltzmann
c. Thompson, Count Rumford
d. Kelvin
A
6. The first experiment, which systematically demonstrated the equivalence
of mechanical
energy and heat, was performed by:
a. Joule.
b. Boltzmann.
c. Thompson, Count Rumford.
d. Kelvin.
A
7. If heat is flowing from a table to a block of ice moving across the table, which of
the following must be true?
a. The table is rough and there is friction between the table and
ice. b. The ice is cooler than the table.
c. The ice is changing phase.
d. All three are possible, but none is absolutely necessary.
B
8. How many calories are equal to one BTU? (One calorie = 4.186 J, one BTU = 1
054 J.)
a. 0.252
b. 3.97
c. 252
d. 397
C
9. Which of the following statements is true?
a. A hot object contains a lot of heat.
b. A cold object contains only a little heat.
c. Objects do not contain heat.
d. Statements a and b are true.
C
10. A 10-kg piece of aluminum (which has a specific heat of 900 J/kg⋅°C) is warmed
so that its
temperature increases by 5.0 C°. How much heat was transferred into
it? a. 4.5 × 104
J
b. 9.0 × 104
J
c. 1.4 × 105
J
d. 2.0 × 105
J
A
11. Sea breezes that occur near the shore are attributed to a difference between
land and water
with respect to what property?
a. mass density
b. coefficient of volume expansion
c. specific heat
d. emissivity
C
12. On a sunny day at the beach, the reason the sand gets so hot and the water
stays relatively
cool is attributed to the difference in which property between water and
sand? a. mass density
b. specific heat
c. temperature
d. thermal conductivity
B
13. Marc attaches a falling 500-kg object with a rope through a pulley to a paddle
wheel shaft. He
places the system in a well-insulated tank holding 25 kg of water. When the object
falls, it
causes the paddle wheel to rotate and churn the water. If the object falls a
vertical distance of
100 m at constant speed, what is the temperature change of the water? (1 kcal = 4
186 J, the
specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C, and g = 9.8 m/s2
)
a. 19 600 C°
b. 4 700 C°
c. 4.7 C°
d. 0.8 C°
C
14. An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual,
while pedaling, can
convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. How much
mechanical energy is required to increase the temperature of 300 g of water (enough
for 1 cup of coffee)
from 20°C to 95°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186
J/kg⋅°C) a. 94 000 J
b. 22 000 J
c. 5 400 J
d. 14 J
A
15. An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual,
while pedaling, can
convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. What minimum
power must
be generated if 300 g water (enough for 1 cup of coffee) is to be heated in 10 min
from 20°C
to 95°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186
J/kg⋅°C) a. 9 400 W
b. 590 W
c. 160 W
d. 31 W
C
16. A 3.00-g lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a
wood post. If we
assume that half of the resultant heat energy generated remains with the bullet, what
is the
increase in temperature of the embedded bullet? (specific heat of lead = 0.030 5
kcal/kg⋅°C, 1
kcal = 4 186 J)
a. 113°C
b. 137°C
c. 226°C
d. 259°C
A
17. A swimming pool heater has to be able to raise the temperature of the 40
000 gallons of water
in the pool by 10.0 C°. How many kilowatt-hours of energy are required? (One gallon
of water has a mass of approximately 3.8 kg and the specific heat of water is 4
186 J/kg⋅°C.)
a. 1 960 kWh
b. 1 770 kWh
c. 330 kWh
d. 216 kWh
B
18. A solar heated house loses about 5.4 × 107
cal through its outer surfaces on a typical 24-h
winter day. What mass of storage rock is needed to provide this amount of heat if it
is brought up to initial temperature of 62°C by the solar collectors and the house
is maintained
at 20°C? (Specific heat of rock is 0.21 cal/g⋅°C.)
a. 163 kg
b. 1 230 kg
c. 6 100 kg
d. 12 700 kg
C
19. A 0.2-kg aluminum plate, initially at 20°C, slides down a 15-m-long surface,
inclined at a 30°
angle to the horizontal. The force of kinetic friction exactly balances the component of
gravity down the plane so that the plate, once started, glides down at constant
velocity. If
90% of the mechanical energy of the system is absorbed by the aluminum, what is
its temperature increase at the bottom of the incline? (Specific heat for aluminum is
900 J/kg⋅°C.)
a. 0.16 C°
b. 0.07 C°
c. 0.04 C°
d. 0.03 C°
B
20. A waterfall is 145 m high. What is the increase in water temperature at the bottom
of the falls
if all the initial potential energy goes into heating the water? (g = 9.8
m/s2 , cw = 4 186
J/kg⋅°C)
a. 0.16°C
b. 0.34°C
c. 0.69°C
d. 1.04°C
B
21. What is the temperature increase of 4.0 kg of water when heated by an 800-
W immersion
heater for 10 min? (cw = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)
a. 56°C
b. 51°C
c. 29°C
d. 14°C
C
22. A solar heating system has a 25.0% conversion efficiency; the solar
radiation incident on the
panels is 1 000 W/m2
. What is the increase in temperature of 30.0 kg of water in a 1.00-
h period by a 4.00-m2
-area collector? (cw = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)
166

a. 14.3°C
b. 22.4°C
c. 28.7°C
d. 44.3°C
C
23. A machine gear consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much
total heat is
generated in the part if its temperature increases by 35 C°? (Specific heats of iron
and copper
are 450 and 390 J/kg⋅°C, respectively.)
a. 910 J
b. 3 800 J
c. 4 000 J
d. 4 400 J
B
24. As I use sandpaper on some rusty metal, the sandpaper gets hot
because: a. heat is flowing from the sandpaper into the metal.
b. heat is flowing from the metal into the sandpaper.
c. frictional processes increase the internal energy of the
sandpaper. d. heat is flowing from my hand into the sandpaper.
C
25. If a 1000-kg car was moving at 30 m/s, what would be its kinetic energy
expressed in the
unusual (for kinetic energy) units of calories? (1 cal = 4.186 J)
a. 3.0 × 104
b. 9.0 × 105
c. 3.8 × 106
d. 1.1 × 105
D
26. A 2.00-kg copper rod is 50.00 cm long at 23°C. If 40 000 J are transferred to the
rod by heat,
what is its change in length? ccopper = 387 J/kg·°C and αcopper = 17 × 10-
6/°C. a. 0.022 cm
b. 0.044 cm
c. 0.059 cm
d. More information is needed.
B
27. A piece of copper of mass 100 g is being drilled through with a
1 /2" electric drill. The drill
operates at 40.0 W and takes 30.0 s to bore through the copper. If all the energy
from the
drill heats the copper, find the copper's increase in temperature. ccopper = 387
J/kg⋅°C. a. 40.6 C°
b. 34.7 C°
c. 31.0 C°
d. 27.3 C°
C
28. A slice of bread contains about 100 kcal. If specific heat of a person were
1.00 kcal/kg·°C, by
how many °C would the temperature of a 70.0-kg person increase if all the energy in
the bread were converted to heat?
167

a. 2.25°C
b. 1.86°C
c. 1.43°C
d. 1.00°C
C
29. A hot (70°C) lump of metal has a mass of 250 g and a specific heat of 0.25
cal/g⋅°C. John
drops the metal into a 500-g calorimeter containing 75 g of water at 20°C.
The calorimeter is
constructed of a material that has a specific heat of 0.10 cal/ g⋅°C. When equilibrium
is reached, what will be the final temperature? cwater = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C. a. 114°C
b. 72°C
c. 64°C
d. 37°C
D
30. An 80.0-g piece of copper, initially at 295°C, is dropped into 250 g of
water contained in a
300-g aluminum calorimeter; the water and calorimeter are initially at 10.0°C. What
is the
final temperature of the system? (Specific heats of copper and aluminum are 0.092
0 and
0.215 cal/g⋅°C, respectively. cw = 1.00 cal/g°C)
a. 12.8°C
b. 16.5°C
c. 28.4°C
d. 32.1°C
B
31. A 120-g block of copper is taken from a kiln and quickly placed into a beaker
of negligible
heat capacity containing 300 g of water. The water temperature rises from 15°C
to 35°C.
Given cCu = 0.10 cal/g⋅°C, and cwater = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C, what was the temperature of
the kiln?
a. 500°C
b. 360°C
c. 720°C
d. 535°C
D
32. Find the final equilibrium temperature when 10.0 g of milk at 10.0°C is added to
160 g of
coffee at 90.0°C. (Assume the specific heats of coffee and milk are the same as
water and
neglect the heat capacity of the container.) cwater = 1.00 cal/g·°C = 4186
J/kg·°C a. 85.3°C
b. 77.7°C
c. 71.4°C
d. 66.7°C
A
33. Twenty grams of a solid at 70°C is place in 100 grams of a fluid at 20°C.
Thermal equilibrium is reached at 30°C. The specific heat of the solid:
a. is equal to that of the fluid.
b. is less than that of the fluid.
c. is more than that of the fluid.
168
d. cannot be compared to that of a material in a different phase.
C
34. Which of the following best describes a substance in which the temperature
remains constant
while at the same time it is experiencing an inward heat flow?
a. gas
b. liquid
c. solid
d. substance undergoing a change of state
D
35. A 0.003 0-kg lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a
block of ice at
0°C. If all the heat generated goes into melting ice, what quantity of ice is melted? (Lf
= 80
kcal/kg, the specific heat of lead = 0.03 kcal/kg⋅°C, and 1 kcal = 4 186
J) a. 1.47 × 10−2 kg
b. 5.8 × 10−4
kg
c. 3.2 × 10−3
kg
d. 2.6 × 10−4
kg
D
36. A puddle holds 150 g of water. If 0.50 g of water evaporates from the surface,
what is the
approximate temperature change of the remaining water? (Lv = 540
cal/g) a. +1.8 C°
b. -1.8 C°
c. +0.18 C°
d. −0.18 C°
B
37. Iced tea is made by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at 80°C. How many kg
of ice,
initially at 0°C, are required to bring the mixture to 10°C? (Lf = 3.33 x
105 J/kg, cw = 4 186
J/kg⋅°C)
a. 1.8 kg
b. 1.6 kg
c. 1.4 kg
d. 1.2 kg
C
38. A 50-g cube of ice, initially at 0.0°C, is dropped into 200 g of water in an 80-
g aluminum
container, both initially at 30°C. What is the final equilibrium temperature? (Specific
heat for
aluminum is 900 J/kg⋅°C, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C, and Lf = 3.33 ×
105 J/kg.)
a. 17.9°C
b. 9.5°C
c. 12.1°C
d. 20.6°C
B
39. 125 g of dry ice (solid CO2) is dropped into a beaker containing 500 g of
66°C water. The dry
ice converts directly to gas, leaving the solution. When the dry ice is gone, the final
temperature of the water is 29°C. What is the heat of vaporization of solid CO2?
(cwater = 1.00
cal/g⋅°C)
a. 37 cal/g
b. 74 cal/g
c. 111 cal/g
d. 148 cal/g
D
40. In cloud formation, water vapor turns into water droplets which get bigger and
bigger until it
rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to:
a. get warmer.
b. get cooler.
c. will not affect the temperature of the air in the clouds.
d. There is no air in clouds.
A
41. I take 1.0 kg of ice and dump it into 1.0 kg of water and, when equilibrium
is reached, I have
2.0 kg of ice at 0°C. The water was originally at 0°C. The specific heat of water =
1.00 kcal/kg⋅°C, the specific heat of ice = 0.50 kcal/kg⋅°C, and the latent heat of
fusion of water is
80 kcal/kg. The original temperature of the ice was:
a. one or two degrees below 0°C.
b. −80°C.
c. −160°C.
d. The whole experiment is impossible.
C
42. How much heat energy is required to vaporize a 1.0-g ice cube at 0°C? The heat
of fusion of
ice is 80 cal/g. The heat of vaporization of water is 540 cal/g, and cwater =
1.00 cal/g⋅°C.
a. 620 cal
b. 720 cal
c. 820 cal
d. 1 kcal
B
43. How much heat energy must be removed from 100 g of oxygen at 22°C to liquefy
it at
−183°C? (The specific heat of oxygen gas is 0.218 cal/g⋅°C, and its heat of
vaporization is
50.9 cal/g.)
a. 13 700 cal
b. 9 560 cal
c. 4 320 cal
d. 2 160 cal
B
44. 100 g of liquid nitrogen at its boiling point of 77 K is stirred into a beaker
containing 500 g of
15°C water. If the nitrogen leaves the solution as soon as it turns to gas, how
much water
freezes? The heat of vaporization of nitrogen is 48 cal/g and that of water is 80
cal/g. a. none
b. 29 g
c. 68 g
d. 109 g
A
45. A 5-g lead bullet traveling in 20°C air at 300 m/s strikes a flat steel plate and
stops. What is
the final temperature of the lead bullet? (Assume the bullet retains all heat.) The
melting point of lead is 327°C. The specific heat of lead is 0.128 J/g⋅°C. The heat of
fusion of lead is
24.5 J/g.
a. 227°C
b. 260°C
c. 293°C
d. 327°C
D
Which of the following involves the greatest heat transfer?
a. One gram of steam at 100°C changing to water at 100°C.
b. One gram of ice at 0°C changing to water at 0°C.
c. One gram of water cooling from 100°C to 0°C.
d. One gram of ice heating from -100°C to 0°C.
A
47. Carly places one end of a steel bar in a Bunsen flame and the other end in an
ice cube. By
what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the bar's cross-sectional area
is doubled?
a. 2
b. 1/2
c. 4.0
d. 1/4
A
48. Dmitri places one end of a copper rod in a heat reservoir and the other end in a
heat sink. By
what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the temperature difference
between the
reservoir and sink is tripled?
a. 0.33
b. 1/9
c. 3.0
d. 9.0
C
49. If one's hands are being warmed by holding them to one side of a flame,
the predominant
form of heat transfer is what process?
a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. vaporization
B
50. When a wool blanket is used to keep warm, what is the primary insulating
material? a. wool
b. air
c. the trim around the edge of the blanket
d. a thin layer of aluminum foil (usually not apparent) inside the
blanket B
51. The surfaces of a Dewar flask are silvered for the purpose of minimizing
heat transfer by
what process?
a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. vaporization
B
52. The use of fiberglass insulation in the outer walls of a building is intended
to minimize heat
transfer through the wall by what process?
a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. vaporization
A
53. How does the heat energy from the sun reach us through the vacuum of
space? a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. none of the above choices are valid
B
54. Which one of the following processes of heat transfer requires the presence of
a fluid?
a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. none of the above choices are valid
C
55. If cooking is done using an aluminum pan over an electric burner, which of
the following will
not promote the rate of heat flow from burner to food?
a. increase pan bottom thickness
b. increase pan bottom area
c. increase burner temperature
d. decrease height of pan sides
A
56. A windowpane is half a centimeter thick and has an area of 1.0
m2 . The temperature
difference between the inside and outside surfaces of the pane is 15° C. What is
the rate of
heat flow through this window? (Thermal conductivity for glass is 0.84
J/s⋅m⋅°C.) a. 50 000 J/s
b. 2 500 J/s
c. 1 300 J/s
d. 630 J/s
B
57. A 2.0-m2
Thermopane window is constructed, using two layers of glass 4.0 mm thick,
separated by an air space of 5.0 mm. If the temperature difference is 20° C from
the inside of
the house to the outside air, what is the rate of heat flow through this window?
(Thermal conductivity for glass is 0.84 J/s⋅m⋅°C and for air 0.023 4 J/s⋅m⋅°C.) a. 7 700
W
b. 1 900 W
c. 547 W
d. 180 W
D
58. The filament temperature of a light bulb is 2 000 K when the bulb delivers 40 W
of power. If
its emissivity remains constant, what power is delivered when the filament
temperature is
2 500 K?
a. 105 W
b. 62 W
c. 98 W
d. 50 W
C
The emissivity of an ideal reflector has which of the following
values? a. 0
b. 1
c. 100
d. infinity
A
60. The thermal conductivity of aluminum is 238 J/s·m·°C and of copper is 397
J/s·m·°C. A rod
of each material is used as a heat conductor. If the rods have the same geometry
and are used
between the same temperature differences for the same time interval, what is the
ratio of the
heat transferred by the aluminum to the heat transferred by the
copper? a. 0.599
b. 1.67
c. 0.359
d. 2.78
A
61. I place a 500-g ice cube (initially at 0°C) in a Styrofoam box with wall thickness
1.0 cm and
total surface area 600 cm2
. If the air surrounding the box is at 20°C and after 4 hours the ice is completely
melted, what is the conductivity of the Styrofoam material? (Lf = 80 cal/g) a. 9.6 ×
10−5
cal/s⋅cm⋅°C
b. 2.8 × 10−6
cal/s⋅cm⋅°C
c. 1.15 × 10−2
cal/s⋅cm⋅°C
d. 2.3 × 10−4
cal/s⋅cm⋅°C
D
62. Consider two different rods. The greatest thermal conductivity will be in the rod
with: a. electrons that are freer to move from atom to atom.
b. the greater specific heat.
c. the greater cross-sectional area.
d. the greater length.
A
63. Which type of heating causes sunburn?
a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. all of the above
...
64. In winter, light-colored clothes will keep you warmer than dark-colored clothes
if: a. you are warmer than your surroundings.
b. you are at the same temperature as your surroundings.
c. you are cooler than your surroundings.
d. you are standing in sunlight.
A
65. A silver bar of length 30 cm and cross-sectional area 1.0 cm2
is used to transfer heat from a
100°C reservoir to a 0°C block of ice. How much ice is melted per second? (For silver,
k=
427 J/s⋅m⋅°C. For ice, Lf = 334 000 J/kg.)
a. 4.2 g/s
b. 2.1 g/s
c. 0.80 g/s
d. 0.043 g/s
D
66. At high noon, the sun delivers 1 000 W to each square meter of a blacktop
road. What is the
equilibrium temperature of the hot asphalt, assuming its emissivity e = 1? (σ = 5.67
× 10−8
W/m2
⋅K4
).
a. 75°C
b. 84°C
c. 91°C
d. 99°C
C
67. The surface of the Sun has a temperature of about 5 800 K. If the radius of the
Sun is 7 × 108
m, determine the power output of the sun. (Take e = 1, and σ = 5.67 ×
10−8 W/m2
⋅K4
).
a. 3.95 × 1026 W
b. 5.17 × 1027 W
c. 9.62 × 1028 W
d. 6.96 × 1030 W
A
68. The tungsten filament of a light bulb has an operating temperature of about 2 100
K. If the
emitting area of the filament is 1.0 cm2
, and its emissivity is 0.68, what is the power output of
the light bulb? (σ = 5.67 × 10−8
W/m2
⋅K4
)
a. 100 W
b. 75 W
c. 60 W
d. 40 W
B
69. An object at 27°C has its temperature increased to 37°C. The power then
radiated by this
object increases by how many percent?
a. 3.3
b. 14
c. 37
d. 253
B
70. What temperature increase is necessary to increase the power radiated from
an object by a
factor of 8?
a. 8 K
b. 2 K
c. 100%
d. about 68%
D
71. A metal bar is used to conduct heat. When the temperature at one end is 100°C
and at the
other is 20°C, heat is transferred at a rate of 16 J/s. If the temperature of the hotter
end is
reduced to 80°C, what will be the rate of heat transfer?
a. 4 J/s
b. 8 J/s
c. 9 J/s
d. 12 J/s
D
72. A metal bar is used to conduct heat. When the temperature at one end is 100°C
and at the
other is 20°C, heat is transferred at a rate of 16 J/s. The bar is then stretched
uniformly to
twice its original length. If again it has ends at 100°C and 20°C, at what rate will heat
be transferred between it ends?
a. 4 J/s
b. 8 J/s
c. 16 J/s
d. 32 J/s
A
73. In a greenhouse, electromagnetic energy in the form of visible light enters the
glass panes and
is absorbed and then reradiated. What happens to this reradiated
electromagnetic radiation
from within the greenhouse?
a. 100% returns to the atmosphere.
b. It's partially blocked by glass.
c. It's transformed into ultraviolet upon striking the glass.
d. It's reflected as visible light upon striking the glass.
B
74. Of the planets with atmospheres, which is the warmest?
a. Venus
b. Earth
c. Mars
d. Jupiter
A
75. Which of the following produces greenhouse gases?
a. burning fossil fuel
b. digestive processes in cows
c. automobile pollution
d. all of the above
D
76. Carbon dioxide and water molecules in the atmosphere will
absorb: a. infrared light.
b. visible light.
c. ultraviolet light.
d. radio waves.
A
1. Which state of matter is associated with the very highest of
temperatures? b. plasma
2. An ice cube with a small solid steel sphere frozen inside floats in a glass of
water filled to the brim. What happens to the level of water in the glass as a result of
the ice melting?
c. It goes down
3. A 1.00-kg platinum-iridium cylinder is 26.0 mm in height and 40.0 mm in
diameter. What is the density of the material?
a. 30.6 g/cm3
4. The quantity "pressure" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities
(mass, length, time) is equivalent to
b. ML−1T−2.
5. The pressure inside a commercial airliner is maintained at 1.00 atm (105 Pa). What
is the net outward force exerted on a 1.0 m × 2.0 m cabin door if the outside pressure
is 0.30 atm?
d. 140 000 N
6. A stonecutter's chisel has an edge area of 0.50 cm2. If the chisel is struck with a
force of 45.0 N, what is the pressure exerted on the stone?
d. 9.0E+5 Pa
7. When water freezes, it expands about nine percent. What would be the
pressure increase inside your automobile engine block if the water in there froze?
(The bulk modulus of ice is 2.0 × 109 Pa, and 1 atm = 1.0 × 105 Pa.)
d. 1 800 atm
8. The Greenland ice sheet can be one km thick. Estimate the pressure underneath
the ice. (The density of ice is 918 kg/m3.)
d. 9.0 × 106 Pa (90 atm)
9. What is the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4
× 106 m, and atmospheric pressure at the surface is 105 N/m2.)
c. 5 × 1018 kg
10. A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 500
kg/m3 and the other having density of 6 000 kg/m3. If the object contains equal
volumes of the materials, what is its average density?
b. 4 250 kg/m3
11. A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 500
kg/m3 and the other having density of 6 500 kg/m3. If the object contains equal
masses of the materials, what is its average density?
a. 3 611 kg/m3
12. A Boeing-737 airliner has a mass of 20 500 kg. The total area of the wings is
105 m2. What must be the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the
wings to keep the airplane up?
a. 1.91E+3 Pa
13. A container is filled with water and the pressure at the container bottom is P. If
the container is instead filled with oil having specific gravity 0.80, what new bottom
pressure results?
a. a pressure < P
14. A container is filled with water and the pressure at the bottom of the container is
P. Then the container is emptied halfway and topped off with oil of density 0.8 ×
103 kg/m3, which floats on top of the water. What is the pressure at the bottom of
the container now?
a. a pressure < P
15. A cube-shaped box is sitting on the floor. The pressure the box exerts on the floor
is 235 Pa. If the density of the box is 21.0 kg/m3, what is the length of each side of
the box?
b. 1.14 m
16. What is the total force on the bottom of a 2.0-m-diameter by 1.5-m-deep
round wading pool due to the weight of the air and the weight of the water? (Note the
pressure contribution from the atmosphere is 1.0 × 105 N/m2, the density of water is 1
000 kg/m3, and g = 9.8 m/s2.)
d. 3.6E+5 N
17. In a large tank of liquid, the hydrostatic pressure at a given depth is a function
of d. Choices a and c are both valid.
18. A 14 500-N car on a hydraulic lift rests on a cylinder with a piston of radius 0.100
m. If a connecting cylinder with a piston of 0.050-m radius is driven by compressed
air, what force must be applied to this smaller piston in order to lift the car? a. 1.45E+4
N
19. By what factor is the total pressure greater at a depth of 900 m in water than at
the surface where pressure is one atmosphere? (water density = 1.0 × 103 kg/m3,
1 atmosphere pressure = 1.01 × 105 N/m2, and g = 9.8 m/s2)
b. 88
20. If the column of mercury in a barometer stands at 73.0 cm, what is the
atmospheric pressure? (The density of mercury is 13.6 × 103 kg/m3 and g = 9.80
m/s2) a. 9.73E+4 N/m2
21. Dams at two different locations are needed to form a lake. When the lake is
filled, the water level will be at the top of both dams. The Dam #2 is twice as high and
twice as
wide as Dam #1. How much greater is the force of the water on Dam #2 than the
force on Dam #1? (Ignore atmospheric pressure; it is pushing on both sides of the
dams.) c. 8
22. Atmospheric pressure is 1.00 × 105 N/m2, and the density of air is 1.29 kg/m3. If
the density of air is constant as you get higher and higher, calculate the height of
the atmosphere needed to produce this pressure.
c. 7 900 m
23. The water behind Grand Coulee Dam is 1 000 m wide and 200 m deep. Find
the hydrostatic force on the back of the dam. (Hint: the total force = average
pressure × area)
c. 1.96E+11 N
24. How deep under the surface of a lake would the pressure be double that at
the surface? (1 atm = 1.01 × 105 Pa)
c. 10.3 m
25. A fountain sends water to a height of 113 m. What must be the
pressurization (above atmospheric) of the underground water system? (1 atm =
105 N/m2) d. 11.1 atm
26. Why do vapor bubbles get larger in boiling water as they approach the surface? c.
The pressure in the water decreases as the bubble moves toward the surface. 27. At a
pressure of 1 atmosphere a column of mercury in a barometer is supported to the
height h = 0.76 m. The density of mercury is 13.6 × 103 kg/m3. A barometer of similar
design filled with water would support a column of water how high at a pressure of 1
atmosphere?
d. more than ten times h
28. A reading of a tire gauge tells you that the gauge pressure in a tire is 31 lb/in2.
What is the absolute pressure in the tire? Assume that atmospheric pressure is 14
lb/in2. c. 45 lb/in2
29. A U-tube is partially filled with water and then an immiscible liquid is added to
the right side. The top of the liquid is a distance h1 above the level of interface
between the liquid and water. On the left side of the tube the top of the water is a
distance h2 above the liquid-water interface on the right side. What is the density of the
liquid in terms of the density of water ? Note that h2 < h1.
b. h2/h1 p H2O
30. A U-tube is partially filled with water and then an immiscible liquid is added to
the right side. The top of the liquid is a distance h1 = 2.40 cm above the level of
interface between the liquid and water. On the left side of the tube the top of the
water is a distance h2 = 1.48 cm above the liquid-water interface on the right side.
What is the density of the liquid in terms of the density of water, 1 000 kg/m3?
b. 617 kg/m3
31. The spring of the pressure gauge shown in the figure has a force constant of
900 N/m, and the piston has a radius of 1.5 cm.
As the gauge is lowered into water, what change in depth causes the piston to move
in by 0.88 cm? The density of water is 1 000 kg/m3.
a. 1.1 m
32. When lying down, the gauge pressure of the blood at a patient's heart is 13.3 kPa. If
the patient suddenly stands up and her body doesn't compensate quickly enough for
the
pressure changes, what would be the pressure at her head, 55.0 cm above her
heart? The density of blood is 1 060 kg/m3.
a. 7.59E+3 Pa
33. A piece of aluminum has density 2.70 g/cm3 and mass 769 g. The aluminum
is submerged in a container of oil (oil's density = 0.650 g/cm3). How much oil does
the metal displace?
a. 285 cm3
34. A piece of aluminum has density 2.70 g/cm3 and mass 770 g. The aluminum
is submerged in a container of oil of density 0.650 g/cm3. A spring balance is
attached with string to the piece of aluminum. What reading will the balance register in
grams (g) for the submerged metal?
c. 585 g
35. A block of wood has density 0.500 g/cm3 and mass 2 000 g. It floats in a
container of oil (the oil's density is 0.750 g/cm3). What volume of oil does the wood
displace? b. 2 670 cm3
36. What volume of water is displaced by a submerged 2.0-kg cylinder made of
solid aluminum? (aluminum density = 2.7 × 103 kg/m3 and water density = 1.0 × 103
kg/m3) b. 7.4E-4 m3
37. A ping-pong ball has an average density of 0.0840 g/cm3 and a diameter of
3.80 cm. What force would be required to keep the ball completely submerged under
water? d. 0.258 N
38. A cube of wood of density 0.780 g/cm3 is 11.2 cm on a side. When placed in
water, what height of the block will float above the surface? (water density = 1.00
g/cm3) c. 2.46 cm
39. The bottom of a flat-bottomed aluminum boat has an area of 4.20 m2 and the
boat's mass is 63.0 kg. When set afloat in water, how far below the water surface is the
boat bottom? (water density = 1.00 × 103 kg/m3)
b. 0.0150 m
40. The bottom of a flat-bottomed aluminum boat has area = 4.10 m2 and mass =
65.0 kg. If two fishermen and their fishing gear with total mass of 305 kg are placed in
the boat, how much lower will the boat ride in the water? (H2O density = 1.0 × 103
kg/m3) c. 0.0744 m
41. Legend says that Archimedes, in determining whether or not the king's crown
was made of pure gold, measured its volume by the water displacement method. If
the density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3, and the crown's mass is 600 g, what volume would
be necessary to prove that it is pure gold?
a. 3.1E+1 cm3
42. A solid rock, suspended in air by a spring scale, has a measured mass of 8.50
kg. When the rock is submerged in water, the scale reads 4.00 kg. What is the
density of the rock? (water density = 1 000 kg/m3)
d. 1.9E+3 kg/m3
43. As ice floats in water, about 10% of the ice floats above the surface of the water.
If we float some ice in a glass of water, what will happen to the water level as the
ice melts?
c. The water level will remain unchanged.
44. A large stone is resting on the bottom of the swimming pool. The normal force of
the bottom of the pool on the stone is equal to the
d. difference between the weight of the stone and the weight of the displaced water.
45. A blimp is filled with 440 m3 of helium. How big a payload can the balloon lift?
(The density of air is 1.29 kg/m3; the density of helium is 0.178 kg/m3.)
d. 489 kg
46. A heavily loaded boat is floating in a pond. The boat sinks because of a leak.
What happens to the surface level of the pond?
c. It goes down.
47. A heavily loaded boat is floating in a pond. The boat starts to sink because of a
leak but quick action plugging the leak stops the boat from going under although it is
now deeper in the water. What happens to the surface level of the pond? a. It stays the
same.
48. A block of wood has specific gravity 0.80. When placed in water, what percent of
the volume of the wood is above the surface?
b. 20%
49. An ideal fluid flows through a pipe made of two sections with diameters of 1.0
and 4.0 inches, respectively. The speed of the fluid flow through the 4.0-inch section
will be what factor times that through the 1.0-inch section?
d.1/16
50. The flow rate of a liquid through a 4.0-cm-radius pipe is 0.0080 m3/s. The
average fluid speed in the pipe is
d. 1.6 m/s.
51. Think of Bernoulli's equation as it pertains to an ideal fluid flowing through
a horizontal pipe. Imagine that you take measurements along the pipe in the direction
of fluid flow. What happens to the sum of the pressure and energy per unit volume?
c. It remains constant as the pipe diameter increases.
52. An ideal fluid, of density 850 kg/m3, flows at 0.560 kg/s through a pipe of
radius 0.0250 m. What is the fluid speed?
d. 0.336 m/s
53. An ideal fluid, of density 900 kg/m3, flows at 4.80 m/s through a level pipe
with radius of 0.22 cm. The pressure in the fluid is 1.3 × 105 N/m2. This pipe
connects to a second level pipe, with radius of 0.72 cm. Find the speed of flow in the
second pipe. c. 0.45 m/s
54. Water (density = 1.00 × 103 kg/m3) flows at 15.0 m/s through a pipe with
radius 0.0400 m. The pipe goes up to the second floor of the building, 2.50 m higher,
and the pressure remains unchanged. What is the speed of the water flow in the pipe
on the second floor?
a. 13.3 m/s
55. Water (density = 1.00 × 103 kg/m3) flows at 7.2 m/s through a pipe with
radius 0.025 m. The pipe goes up to the second floor of the building, 2.00 m higher,
and the pressure remains unchanged. What is the radius of the pipe on the second
floor? b. 0.036 m
56. A hole is poked through the metal side of a drum holding water. The hole is 16.0
cm below the water surface. What is the initial speed of outflow?
a. 1.77 m/s
57. Water comes down the spillway of a dam from an initial vertical height of 170
m. What is the highest possible speed of the water at the end of the spillway? c.
57.7 m/s
58. Water pressurized to 3.00 × 105 Pa is flowing at 5.25 m/s in a pipe which
contracts to 1/2 of its former area. What are the pressure and speed of the water after
the contraction? (Density of water = 1 × 103 kg/m3.)
a. 2.59E+5 Pa, 10.5 m/s
59. A Venturi tube may be used as the inlet to an automobile carburetor. If the inlet
pipe of 2.00 cm diameter narrows to 1.00 cm diameter, what is the pressure drop in
the constricted section for airflow of 2.16 m/s in the 2.00-cm section? (Assume air
density is 1.25 kg/m3.)
b. 43.7 Pa
60. It takes 4.00 minutes to fill a gas tank with 50.0 liters of gasoline. If the pump
nozzle is 1.35 cm in radius, what is the average speed of the gasoline as it leaves the
nozzle? (1 000 liters = one cubic meter)
b. 0.364 m/s
61. Water is being sprayed from a nozzle at the end of a garden hose of diameter
2.25 cm. If the nozzle has an opening of diameter 1.30 cm, and if the water leaves the
nozzle at a speed of 14.0 m/s, what is the speed of the water inside the hose? a. 4.67
m/s
62. A syringe has an inside radius of its barrel of 0.50 cm and at the opening at the
end of the needle the radius is 1.0 mm. If a force F is applied to the plunger, what is
the force produced at the opening of the needle?
d. F/25
63. The equation of continuity applied to an incompressible ideal fluid flowing through
a pipe of varying diameter is based on what of the following being conserved for the
fluid in the pipe?
c. its flow rate
64. The fluid to which Bernoulli's equation is applied is based on what being
conserved for the fluid?
d. its total mechanical energy
65. A water pipe with inner radius r1 is connected to a junction with two equal-
diameter pipes. Water flows through each of the two pipes with a speed of v. If the
diameter of each of the two pipes is ¼ the diameter of the single pipe, what is the flow
rate in the single pipe?
a. v/8
66. The flow rate of blood through the average human aorta, of radius 0.95 cm, is
about 90 cm3/s. What is the speed of the blood flow through the aorta?
d. 32 cm/s
67. Air pressure is 1.00 × 105 N/m2, air density is 1.30 kg/m3, and the density of
soft drinks is 1.00 × 103 kg/m3. If one blows carefully across the top of a straw
sticking up 0.10 m from the liquid in a soft drink can, it is possible to make the soft
drink rise half way up the straw and stay there. How fast must the air be blown
across the top of the straw?
b. 27 m/s
68. How much air must be pushed downward at 40.0 m/s to keep an 830-kg
helicopter aloft?
b. 203 kg/s
69. A jet of water flowing from a hose at 18 m/s is directed against a wall. If the
mass flow in the fluid stream is 2.0 kg/s, what force is the water applying to the wall
if backsplash is negligible?
a. 36 N
70. Water is sent from a fire hose at 34.5 m/s at an angle of 30.0° above the
horizontal. What is the maximum height reached by the water, assuming the fire hose
is level with the ground?
b. 15.2 m
71. How much power is theoretically available from a mass flow of 1 000 kg/s of
water that falls a vertical distance of 120 m?
a. 1.18E+6 kW
72. When an artery gets a constricted region due to plaque, how does the pressure
in this region compare to the pressure in an unconstricted region adjacent? c. In the
constricted region the blood moves at a higher speed than in the unconstricted region
resulting in a decreased pressure.
73. The condition for onset of turbulent flow is that the Reynolds Number reaches
what value?
c. 3 000
74. A fluid has a density of 1 040 kg/m3. If it rises to a height of 1.60 cm in a 1.50-
mm diameter capillary tube, what is the surface tension of the liquid? Assume a
contact angle of zero.
a. 0.0612 N/m
75. A pipe carrying water has a radius of 1.0 cm. If the flow velocity is 9.0 cm/s, which of
the following characterizes the flow? Take the viscosity of water to be 1.0 × 10−3 N⋅s/m.
d. streamlined
76. In order to overcome a surface tension of a fluid, a force of 1.35 × 10−2 N
is required to lift a wire ring of circumference 13.0 cm. What is the surface tension of
the fluid?
a. 0.052 N/m
77. A pipe of diameter three cm is replaced by one of the same length but of
diameter six cm. If the pressure difference between the ends of the pipe remains the
same, by what factor is the rate of flow of a viscous liquid through it changed? d. 16
78. A fluid is drawn up through a tube as shown in the figure. If the height
difference from the top of the tank to the bottom of the siphon is H = 1.40 m, then
what is the outflow speed? Assume the pressure is the same at the top of the tank
and at the siphon outlet
c. 5.24 m/s
79. The SI units for viscosity are N·s/m2. Another commonly used unit for viscosity
is the poise, where 10 poise = 1 N·s/m2. The poise is a fairly large unit, and it is
more common to use the centipoise. Which of the following is equal to the
centipoise? a. 10−3 N·s/m2
80. In addition to its weight, what force is needed to lift a wire ring of radius 2.0 cm
from the surface of blood plasma? The surface tension of blood plasma is 7.3 × 10¯2
N/m. d. 1.8E-2 N
81. Spherical particles of density 2.0 g/cm3 are shaken in a container of water
(viscosity = 1.0 × 10−3 N⋅s/m3). The water is 9.0 cm deep and is allowed to stand for
25 minutes. What is the greatest terminal velocity of the particles still in suspension at
that time? d. 6.0E-5 m/s
82. Spherical particles of density 1.8 g/cm3 are shaken in a container of water
(viscosity = 1.0 × 10−3 N⋅s/m3). The water is 9.0 cm deep and is allowed to stand for
30 minutes. What is the radius of the largest particles still in suspension at that time? c.
5.4E-6 m
83. A centrifuge rotates at 100 rev/s (i.e., 628 rad/s). If the test tube places
the suspension at 8.00 cm from the axis of rotation, by what factor are the terminal
speeds of the settling particles increased as compared to sedimentation cause by
gravity? a. 3.2E+3
84. Which of the following characterizes the net force on a particle falling through a
fluid at its terminal speed?
d. It is zero
85. A substance is allowed to diffuse along a 10-cm length of tubing filled with
water. The cross section of the tube is 5.3 cm2. If the diffusion coefficient is 5.0 ×
10¯10 m2/s, and 6.5 × 10¯14 kg is transported along the tube in 16 s, what is the
difference in the concentration levels of the substance at the two ends of the tube?
c. 1.5E-3 kg/m3
86. A small sphere is allowed to fall through air, and when the sphere has a speed of 4.8
× 10-4 m/s, the viscous force on the sphere is 3.0 × 10-15 N. If the viscosity of air is 1.4 ×
10-5 N·s/m2, what is the radius of the drop?
a. 2.4E-8 m
87. A copper wire of length 5.0 m, cross sectional area 6.9 × 10−6 m2, and
Young's modulus 11 × 1010 N/m2 has a 190-kg load hung on it. What is its increase
in length? (g = 9.8 m/s2)
d. 1.2E-2 m
88. In an elastic solid there is a direct proportionality between strain
and d. stress
89. The quantity "stress" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities
(mass, length, time) is equivalent to
b. ML−1T−2.
90. The quantity "strain" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass,
length, time) is equivalent to
d. a dimensionless quantity
91. The bulk modulus of a material, as a meaningful physical property, is applicable
to which of the following?
d. solids, liquids and gases
92. A uniform pressure of 5.7 × 105 N/m2 is applied to all six sides of a copper
cube. What is the percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper, B = 14 ×
1010 N/m2)
d. 0.00041%
93. Bar One has a Young's modulus that is bigger than that of Bar Two. This
indicates Bar One
d. is made of material that is different from Bar Two.
94. Consider two steel rods, A and B. B has three times the area and twice the length
of A, so Young's modulus for B will be what factor times Young's modulus for A? d. 1.0
95. A tire stops a car by use of friction. What modulus should we use to calculate
the stress and strain on the tire?
c. shear modulus
96. How large a force is necessary to stretch a 1.1-mm-diameter steel wire (Y = 2.0
× 1011 N/m2) by 2.0%?
b. 3.8E+3 N
97. What is the minimum diameter of a steel wire if it is to support a mass of 80 kg?
The elastic limit of steel is 5.0 × 108 Pa.
a. 1.4 mm
98. A machinist needs to punch a 5.0-cm-radius hole in a steel plate which is 0.45
cm thick. If the ultimate shear strength of steel is 2.50 × 108 Pa, what is the force
required to accomplish this task?
b. 3.5E+5 N
1. Arrange from smallest to largest: the BTU, the joule, and the
calorie. a. BTU, J, cal
b. J, cal, BTU
c. cal, BTU, J
d. J, BTU, cal
B
2. Of the following systems, which contains the most heat?
a. 100 kg of water at 80°C
b. 250 kg of water at 40°C
c. 600 kg of ice at 0°C
d. Systems do not contain heat.
D
Heat flow occurs between two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in
what property?
a. mass
b. specific heat
c. density
d. temperature
D
4. Calories of the food type are equal to which of the following?
a. 4.186 J
b. 4 186 J
c. 1 BTU
d. 1054 J
B
5. Who demonstrated that when heat is gained or lost by a system during
some process, the gain
or loss can be accounted for by an equivalent quantity of mechanical work done on
the system?
a. Joule
b. Boltzmann
c. Thompson, Count Rumford
d. Kelvin
A
6. The first experiment, which systematically demonstrated the equivalence
of mechanical
energy and heat, was performed by:
a. Joule.
b. Boltzmann.
c. Thompson, Count Rumford.
d. Kelvin.
A
7. If heat is flowing from a table to a block of ice moving across the table, which of
the following must be true?
a. The table is rough and there is friction between the table and
ice. b. The ice is cooler than the table.
c. The ice is changing phase.
d. All three are possible, but none is absolutely necessary.
B
8. How many calories are equal to one BTU? (One calorie = 4.186 J, one BTU = 1
054 J.)
a. 0.252
b. 3.97
c. 252
d. 397
C
9. Which of the following statements is true?
a. A hot object contains a lot of heat.
b. A cold object contains only a little heat.
c. Objects do not contain heat.
d. Statements a and b are true.
C
10. A 10-kg piece of aluminum (which has a specific heat of 900 J/kg⋅°C) is warmed
so that its
temperature increases by 5.0 C°. How much heat was transferred into
it? a. 4.5 × 104
J
b. 9.0 × 104
J
c. 1.4 × 105
J
d. 2.0 × 105
J
A
11. Sea breezes that occur near the shore are attributed to a difference between
land and water
with respect to what property?
a. mass density
b. coefficient of volume expansion
c. specific heat
d. emissivity
C
12. On a sunny day at the beach, the reason the sand gets so hot and the water
stays relatively
cool is attributed to the difference in which property between water and
sand? a. mass density
b. specific heat
c. temperature
d. thermal conductivity
B
13. Marc attaches a falling 500-kg object with a rope through a pulley to a paddle
wheel shaft. He
places the system in a well-insulated tank holding 25 kg of water. When the object
falls, it
causes the paddle wheel to rotate and churn the water. If the object falls a
vertical distance of
100 m at constant speed, what is the temperature change of the water? (1 kcal = 4
186 J, the
specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C, and g = 9.8 m/s2
)
a. 19 600 C°
b. 4 700 C°
c. 4.7 C°
d. 0.8 C°
C
14. An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual,
while pedaling, can
convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. How much
mechanical energy is required to increase the temperature of 300 g of water (enough
for 1 cup of coffee)
from 20°C to 95°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186
J/kg⋅°C) a. 94 000 J
b. 22 000 J
c. 5 400 J
d. 14 J
A
15. An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual,
while pedaling, can
convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. What minimum power
must
be generated if 300 g water (enough for 1 cup of coffee) is to be heated in 10 min
from 20°C
to 95°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186
J/kg⋅°C) a. 9 400 W
b. 590 W
c. 160 W
d. 31 W
C
16. A 3.00-g lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a
wood post. If we
assume that half of the resultant heat energy generated remains with the bullet, what
is the
increase in temperature of the embedded bullet? (specific heat of lead = 0.030
5 kcal/kg⋅°C, 1
kcal = 4 186 J)
a. 113°C
b. 137°C
c. 226°C
d. 259°C
A
17. A swimming pool heater has to be able to raise the temperature of the 40
000 gallons of water
in the pool by 10.0 C°. How many kilowatt-hours of energy are required? (One gallon
of water has a mass of approximately 3.8 kg and the specific heat of water is 4
186 J/kg⋅°C.)
a. 1 960 kWh
b. 1 770 kWh
c. 330 kWh
d. 216 kWh
B
18. A solar heated house loses about 5.4 × 107
cal through its outer surfaces on a typical 24-h
winter day. What mass of storage rock is needed to provide this amount of heat if it
is brought up to initial temperature of 62°C by the solar collectors and the house
is maintained
at 20°C? (Specific heat of rock is 0.21 cal/g⋅°C.)
a. 163 kg
b. 1 230 kg
c. 6 100 kg
d. 12 700 kg
C
19. A 0.2-kg aluminum plate, initially at 20°C, slides down a 15-m-long surface,
inclined at a 30°
angle to the horizontal. The force of kinetic friction exactly balances the component of
gravity down the plane so that the plate, once started, glides down at constant
velocity.
If
90% of the mechanical energy of the system is absorbed by the aluminum, what is
its temperature increase at the bottom of the incline? (Specific heat for aluminum is
900 J/kg⋅°C.)
a. 0.16 C°
b. 0.07 C°
c. 0.04 C°
d. 0.03 C°
B
20. A waterfall is 145 m high. What is the increase in water temperature at the bottom
of the falls
if all the initial potential energy goes into heating the water? (g = 9.8
m/s2 , cw = 4 186
J/kg⋅°C)
a. 0.16°C
b. 0.34°C
c. 0.69°C
d. 1.04°C
B
21. What is the temperature increase of 4.0 kg of water when heated by an 800-
W immersion
heater for 10 min? (cw = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)
a. 56°C
b. 51°C
c. 29°C
d. 14°C
C
22. A solar heating system has a 25.0% conversion efficiency; the solar
radiation incident on the
panels is 1 000 W/m2
. What is the increase in temperature of 30.0 kg of water in a 1.00-
h period by a 4.00-m2
-area collector? (cw = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)
166

a. 14.3°C
b. 22.4°C
c. 28.7°C
d. 44.3°C
C
23. A machine gear consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much
total heat is
generated in the part if its temperature increases by 35 C°? (Specific heats of iron
and copper
are 450 and 390 J/kg⋅°C, respectively.)
a. 910 J
b. 3 800 J
c. 4 000 J
d. 4 400 J
B
24. As I use sandpaper on some rusty metal, the sandpaper gets hot
because: a. heat is flowing from the sandpaper into the metal.
b. heat is flowing from the metal into the sandpaper.
c. frictional processes increase the internal energy of the
sandpaper. d. heat is flowing from my hand into the sandpaper.
C
25. If a 1000-kg car was moving at 30 m/s, what would be its kinetic energy
expressed in the
unusual (for kinetic energy) units of calories? (1 cal = 4.186 J)
a. 3.0 × 104
b. 9.0 × 105
c. 3.8 × 106
d. 1.1 × 105
D
26. A 2.00-kg copper rod is 50.00 cm long at 23°C. If 40 000 J are transferred to the
rod by heat,
what is its change in length? ccopper = 387 J/kg·°C and αcopper = 17 × 10-
6/°C. a. 0.022 cm
b. 0.044 cm
c. 0.059 cm
d. More information is needed.
B
27. A piece of copper of mass 100 g is being drilled through with a
1 /2" electric drill. The drill
operates at 40.0 W and takes 30.0 s to bore through the copper. If all the energy
from the
drill heats the copper, find the copper's increase in temperature. ccopper = 387
J/kg⋅°C. a. 40.6 C°
b. 34.7 C°
c. 31.0 C°
d. 27.3 C°
C
28. A slice of bread contains about 100 kcal. If specific heat of a person were
1.00 kcal/kg·°C, by
how many °C would the temperature of a 70.0-kg person increase if all the energy in
the bread were converted to heat?
167
a. 2.25°C
b. 1.86°C
c. 1.43°C
d. 1.00°C
C
29. A hot (70°C) lump of metal has a mass of 250 g and a specific heat of 0.25
cal/g⋅°C. John
drops the metal into a 500-g calorimeter containing 75 g of water at 20°C.
The calorimeter is
constructed of a material that has a specific heat of 0.10 cal/ g⋅°C. When equilibrium
is reached, what will be the final temperature? cwater = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C. a. 114°C
b. 72°C
c. 64°C
d. 37°C
D
30. An 80.0-g piece of copper, initially at 295°C, is dropped into 250 g of
water contained in a
300-g aluminum calorimeter; the water and calorimeter are initially at 10.0°C. What
is the
final temperature of the system? (Specific heats of copper and aluminum are 0.092
0 and
0.215 cal/g⋅°C, respectively. cw = 1.00 cal/g°C)
a. 12.8°C
b. 16.5°C
c. 28.4°C
d. 32.1°C
B
31. A 120-g block of copper is taken from a kiln and quickly placed into a beaker
of negligible
heat capacity containing 300 g of water. The water temperature rises from 15°C
to 35°C.
Given cCu = 0.10 cal/g⋅°C, and cwater = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C, what was the temperature of
the kiln?
a. 500°C
b. 360°C
c. 720°C
d. 535°C
D
32. Find the final equilibrium temperature when 10.0 g of milk at 10.0°C is added to
160 g of
coffee at 90.0°C. (Assume the specific heats of coffee and milk are the same as
water and
neglect the heat capacity of the container.) cwater = 1.00 cal/g·°C = 4186
J/kg·°C a. 85.3°C
b. 77.7°C
c. 71.4°C
d. 66.7°C
A
33. Twenty grams of a solid at 70°C is place in 100 grams of a fluid at 20°C.
Thermal equilibrium is reached at 30°C. The specific heat of the solid:
a. is equal to that of the fluid.
b. is less than that of the fluid.
c. is more than that of the fluid.
168
d. cannot be compared to that of a material in a different phase.
C
34. Which of the following best describes a substance in which the temperature
remains constant
while at the same time it is experiencing an inward heat flow?
a. gas
b. liquid
c. solid
d. substance undergoing a change of state
D
35. A 0.003 0-kg lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a
block of ice at
0°C. If all the heat generated goes into melting ice, what quantity of ice is melted? (Lf
= 80
kcal/kg, the specific heat of lead = 0.03 kcal/kg⋅°C, and 1 kcal = 4 186
J) a. 1.47 × 10−2 kg
b. 5.8 × 10−4
kg
c. 3.2 × 10−3
kg
d. 2.6 × 10−4
kg
D
36. A puddle holds 150 g of water. If 0.50 g of water evaporates from the surface,
what is the
approximate temperature change of the remaining water? (Lv = 540
cal/g) a. +1.8 C°
b. -1.8 C°
c. +0.18 C°
d. −0.18 C°
B
37. Iced tea is made by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at 80°C. How many kg
of ice,
initially at 0°C, are required to bring the mixture to 10°C? (Lf = 3.33 x
105 J/kg, cw = 4 186
J/kg⋅°C)
a. 1.8 kg
b. 1.6 kg
c. 1.4 kg
d. 1.2 kg
C
38. A 50-g cube of ice, initially at 0.0°C, is dropped into 200 g of water in an 80-
g aluminum
container, both initially at 30°C. What is the final equilibrium temperature? (Specific
heat for
aluminum is 900 J/kg⋅°C, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C, and Lf = 3.33 ×
105 J/kg.)
a. 17.9°C
b. 9.5°C
c. 12.1°C
d. 20.6°C
B
39. 125 g of dry ice (solid CO2) is dropped into a beaker containing 500 g of
66°C water. The dry
ice converts directly to gas, leaving the solution. When the dry ice is gone, the final
temperature of the water is 29°C. What is the heat of vaporization of solid CO2?
(cwater = 1.00
cal/g⋅°C)
a. 37 cal/g
b. 74 cal/g
c. 111 cal/g
d. 148 cal/g
D
40. In cloud formation, water vapor turns into water droplets which get bigger and
bigger until it
rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to:
a. get warmer.
b. get cooler.
c. will not affect the temperature of the air in the clouds.
d. There is no air in clouds.
A
41. I take 1.0 kg of ice and dump it into 1.0 kg of water and, when equilibrium
is reached, I have
2.0 kg of ice at 0°C. The water was originally at 0°C. The specific heat of water =
1.00 kcal/kg⋅°C, the specific heat of ice = 0.50 kcal/kg⋅°C, and the latent heat of
fusion of water is
80 kcal/kg. The original temperature of the ice was:
a. one or two degrees below 0°C.
b. −80°C.
c. −160°C.
d. The whole experiment is impossible.
C
42. How much heat energy is required to vaporize a 1.0-g ice cube at 0°C? The heat
of fusion of
ice is 80 cal/g. The heat of vaporization of water is 540 cal/g, and cwater =
1.00 cal/g⋅°C.
a. 620 cal
b. 720 cal
c. 820 cal
d. 1 kcal
B
43. How much heat energy must be removed from 100 g of oxygen at 22°C to liquefy
it at
−183°C? (The specific heat of oxygen gas is 0.218 cal/g⋅°C, and its heat of
vaporization is
50.9 cal/g.)
a. 13 700 cal
b. 9 560 cal
c. 4 320 cal
d. 2 160 cal
B
44. 100 g of liquid nitrogen at its boiling point of 77 K is stirred into a beaker
containing 500 g of
15°C water. If the nitrogen leaves the solution as soon as it turns to gas, how
much water
freezes? The heat of vaporization of nitrogen is 48 cal/g and that of water is 80
cal/g. a. none
b. 29 g
c. 68 g
d. 109 g
A
45. A 5-g lead bullet traveling in 20°C air at 300 m/s strikes a flat steel plate and
stops. What is
the final temperature of the lead bullet? (Assume the bullet retains all heat.) The
melting point of lead is 327°C. The specific heat of lead is 0.128 J/g⋅°C. The heat of
fusion of lead is
24.5 J/g.
a. 227°C
b. 260°C
c. 293°C
d. 327°C
D
Which of the following involves the greatest heat transfer?
a. One gram of steam at 100°C changing to water at 100°C.
b. One gram of ice at 0°C changing to water at 0°C.
c. One gram of water cooling from 100°C to 0°C.
d. One gram of ice heating from -100°C to 0°C.
A
47. Carly places one end of a steel bar in a Bunsen flame and the other end in an
ice cube. By
what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the bar's cross-sectional area
is doubled?
a. 2
b. 1/2
c. 4.0
d. 1/4
A
48. Dmitri places one end of a copper rod in a heat reservoir and the other end in a
heat sink. By
what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the temperature difference
between the
reservoir and sink is tripled?
a. 0.33
b. 1/9
c. 3.0
d. 9.0
C
49. If one's hands are being warmed by holding them to one side of a flame,
the predominant
form of heat transfer is what process?
a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. vaporization
B
50. When a wool blanket is used to keep warm, what is the primary insulating
material? a. wool
b. air
c. the trim around the edge of the blanket
d. a thin layer of aluminum foil (usually not apparent) inside the
blanket B
51. The surfaces of a Dewar flask are silvered for the purpose of minimizing
heat transfer by
what process?
a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. vaporization
B
52. The use of fiberglass insulation in the outer walls of a building is intended
to minimize heat
transfer through the wall by what process?
a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. vaporization
A
53. How does the heat energy from the sun reach us through the vacuum of
space? a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. none of the above choices are valid
B
54. Which one of the following processes of heat transfer requires the presence of
a fluid?
a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. none of the above choices are valid
C
55. If cooking is done using an aluminum pan over an electric burner, which of
the following will
not promote the rate of heat flow from burner to food?
a. increase pan bottom thickness
b. increase pan bottom area
c. increase burner temperature
d. decrease height of pan sides
A
56. A windowpane is half a centimeter thick and has an area of 1.0
m2 . The temperature
difference between the inside and outside surfaces of the pane is 15° C. What is
the rate of
heat flow through this window? (Thermal conductivity for glass is 0.84
J/s⋅m⋅°C.) a. 50 000 J/s
b. 2 500 J/s
c. 1 300 J/s
d. 630 J/s
B
57. A 2.0-m2
Thermopane window is constructed, using two layers of glass 4.0 mm thick,
separated by an air space of 5.0 mm. If the temperature difference is 20° C from
the inside of
the house to the outside air, what is the rate of heat flow through this window?
(Thermal conductivity for glass is 0.84 J/s⋅m⋅°C and for air 0.023 4 J/s⋅m⋅°C.) a. 7 700
W
b. 1 900 W
c. 547 W
d. 180 W
D
58. The filament temperature of a light bulb is 2 000 K when the bulb delivers 40 W
of power. If
its emissivity remains constant, what power is delivered when the filament
temperature is
2 500 K?
a. 105 W
b. 62 W
c. 98 W
d. 50 W
C
The emissivity of an ideal reflector has which of the following
values? a. 0
b. 1
c. 100
d. infinity
A
60. The thermal conductivity of aluminum is 238 J/s·m·°C and of copper is 397
J/s·m·°C. A rod
of each material is used as a heat conductor. If the rods have the same geometry
and are used
between the same temperature differences for the same time interval, what is the
ratio of the
heat transferred by the aluminum to the heat transferred by the
copper? a. 0.599
b. 1.67
c. 0.359
d. 2.78
A
61. I place a 500-g ice cube (initially at 0°C) in a Styrofoam box with wall thickness
1.0 cm and
total surface area 600 cm2
. If the air surrounding the box is at 20°C and after 4 hours the ice is completely
melted, what is the conductivity of the Styrofoam material? (Lf = 80 cal/g) a. 9.6 ×
10−5
cal/s⋅cm⋅°C
b. 2.8 × 10−6
cal/s⋅cm⋅°C
c. 1.15 × 10−2
cal/s⋅cm⋅°C
d. 2.3 × 10−4
cal/s⋅cm⋅°C
D
62. Consider two different rods. The greatest thermal conductivity will be in the rod
with: a. electrons that are freer to move from atom to atom.
b. the greater specific heat.
c. the greater cross-sectional area.
d. the greater length.
A
63. Which type of heating causes sunburn?
a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. all of the above
...
64. In winter, light-colored clothes will keep you warmer than dark-colored clothes
if: a. you are warmer than your surroundings.
b. you are at the same temperature as your surroundings.
c. you are cooler than your surroundings.
d. you are standing in sunlight.
A
65. A silver bar of length 30 cm and cross-sectional area 1.0 cm2
is used to transfer heat from a
100°C reservoir to a 0°C block of ice. How much ice is melted per second? (For silver,
k=
427 J/s⋅m⋅°C. For ice, Lf = 334 000 J/kg.)
a. 4.2 g/s
b. 2.1 g/s
c. 0.80 g/s
d. 0.043 g/s
D
66. At high noon, the sun delivers 1 000 W to each square meter of a blacktop
road. What is the
equilibrium temperature of the hot asphalt, assuming its emissivity e = 1? (σ = 5.67
× 10−8
W/m2
⋅K4
).
a. 75°C
b. 84°C
c. 91°C
d. 99°C
C
67. The surface of the Sun has a temperature of about 5 800 K. If the radius of the
Sun is 7 × 108
m, determine the power output of the sun. (Take e = 1, and σ = 5.67 ×
10−8 W/m2
⋅K4
).
a. 3.95 × 1026 W
b. 5.17 × 1027 W
c. 9.62 × 1028 W
d. 6.96 × 1030 W
A
68. The tungsten filament of a light bulb has an operating temperature of about 2 100
K. If the
emitting area of the filament is 1.0 cm2
, and its emissivity is 0.68, what is the power output of
the light bulb? (σ = 5.67 × 10−8
W/m2
⋅K4
)
a. 100 W
b. 75 W
c. 60 W
d. 40 W
B
69. An object at 27°C has its temperature increased to 37°C. The power then
radiated by this
object increases by how many percent?
a. 3.3
b. 14
c. 37
d. 253
B
70. What temperature increase is necessary to increase the power radiated from
an object by a
factor of 8?
a. 8 K
b. 2 K
c. 100%
d. about 68%
D
71. A metal bar is used to conduct heat. When the temperature at one end is 100°C
and at the
other is 20°C, heat is transferred at a rate of 16 J/s. If the temperature of the hotter
end is
reduced to 80°C, what will be the rate of heat transfer?
a. 4 J/s
b. 8 J/s
c. 9 J/s
d. 12 J/s
D
72. A metal bar is used to conduct heat. When the temperature at one end is 100°C
and at the
other is 20°C, heat is transferred at a rate of 16 J/s. The bar is then stretched
uniformly to
twice its original length. If again it has ends at 100°C and 20°C, at what rate will heat
be transferred between it ends?
a. 4 J/s
b. 8 J/s
c. 16 J/s
d. 32 J/s
A
73. In a greenhouse, electromagnetic energy in the form of visible light enters the
glass panes and
is absorbed and then reradiated. What happens to this reradiated
electromagnetic radiation
from within the greenhouse?
a. 100% returns to the atmosphere.
b. It's partially blocked by glass.
c. It's transformed into ultraviolet upon striking the glass.
d. It's reflected as visible light upon striking the glass.
B
74. Of the planets with atmospheres, which is the warmest?
a. Venus
b. Earth
c. Mars
d. Jupiter
A
75. Which of the following produces greenhouse gases?
a. burning fossil fuel
b. digestive processes in cows
c. automobile pollution
d. all of the above
D
76. Carbon dioxide and water molecules in the atmosphere will
absorb: a. infrared light.
b. visible light.
c. ultraviolet light.
d. radio waves.
A

An initially installed flywheel can store 106 J of kinetic energy when rotating at 300
rad/s. It is replaced by another flywheel of the same size but made of a lighter and
stronger material. If its mass is half that of the original and it is now capable of
achieving a rotational speed of 600 rad/s, what maximum energy can be stored?
20 ´ 105 J
A bucket filled with water has a mass of 23 kg and is attached to a rope, which in turn,
is wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. What torque does the
weight of water and bucket produce on the cylinder if the cylinder is not permitted to
rotate? (g = 9.8 m/s2) A bucket filled with water has a mass of 23 kg and is attached to
a rope, which in turn, is wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well.
What torque does the weight of water and bucket produce on the cylinder if the
cylinder is not permitted to rotate? (g = 9.8 m/s2) 11 N×m
A bus is designed to draw its power from a rotating flywheel that is brought up to its
maximum speed (3 000 rpm) by an electric motor. The flywheel is a solid cylinder of
mass 500 kg and
radius 0.500 m (Icylinder = MR2/2). If the bus requires an average power of 10.0 kW,
how long will the flywheel rotate?
308 s
Masses are distributed in the x,y-plane as follows: 6.0 kg at (0.0, 0.0) m, 4.0 kg at
(2.0, 0.0) m, and 5.0 kg at (2.0, 3.0) m. What is the x-coordinate of the center of
gravity of this system of masses
1.2 m
A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.15-kg ball using only the
rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. If the ball starts at rest
and is released with a speed of 12 m/s in a time of 0.40 s, what torque is applied to the
ball while being held by the pitcher's hand to produce the angular acceleration?
1.4 N×m
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is wound
around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. The bucket is raised to the top of
the well and released. The bucket is moving with a speed of 8.0 m/s upon hitting the
water surface in the well. What is the angular speed of the cylinder at this instant?
160 rad/s
Masses are distributed in the xy-plane as follows: 10 kg at (2.0, 6.0) m, 4.0 kg at (2.0,
0.0) m, and 6.0 kg at (0.0, 3.0) m. Where would a 20-kg mass need to be positioned
so that the center of gravity of the resulting four mass system would be at the origin?
(-1.4, -3.9) m
The total kinetic energy of a baseball thrown with a spinning motion is a
function of: both linear and rotational speeds.
A turntable has a moment of inertia of 3.00 ´ 10-2 kg×m2 and spins freely on a
frictionless bearing at 25.0 rev/min. A 0.300-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically
onto the turntable and sticks at a point 0.100 m from the center. What is the new
rate of rotation of the system? 22.7 rev/min
A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right angles to
make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.80 m long and each ball on the end is 0.20 kg.
(Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of inertia if the arrangement is spun
around an axis formed by one of the batons?
0.064 kg×m2
An 800-N billboard worker stands on a 4.0-m scaffold supported by vertical ropes at
each end. If the scaffold weighs 500 N and the worker stands 1.0 m from one end,
what is the tension in the rope nearest the worker?
850 N
A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.15-kg ball using only the
rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. What is the moment of
inertia of the ball alone as it moves in a circular arc with a radius of 0.32 m?
1.5 ´ 10-2 kg×m2
A bowling ball has a mass of 7.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 2.8 ´ 10-2 kg×m2 and a
radius of 0.10 m. If it rolls down the lane without slipping at a linear speed of 4.0 m/s,
what is its angular speed?
40 rad/s
Consider the use of the terms "rotation" and "revolution". In physics:
the words have different meaning
A cylinder with its mass concentrated toward the center has a moment of inertia of 0.1
MR2. If this cylinder is rolling without slipping along a level surface with a linear speed
v, what is the ratio of its rotational kinetic energy to its linear kinetic energy?
1/l0
A 100-N uniform ladder, 8.0 m long, rests against a smooth vertical wall. The coefficient
of static friction between ladder and floor is 0.40. What minimum angle can the ladder
make with the floor before it slips?
51°
An object of radius R and moment of inertia I rolls down an incline of height H after
starting from rest. Its total kinetic energy at the bottom of the incline:
cannot be found from the given information alone.
A solid cylinder of mass 3.0 kg and radius 0.2 m starts from rest at the top of a ramp,
inclined 15°, and rolls to the bottom without slipping. (For a cylinder I = 0.5MR2) The
upper end of the ramp is 1.2 m higher than the lower end. Find the linear speed of the
cylinder when it reaches the bottom of the ramp. (g = 9.8 m/s2)
4.0 m/s
A woman who weighs 500 N stands on an 8.0-m-long board that weighs 100 N. The
board is supported at each end. The support force at the right end is 3 times the
support force at the left end. How far from the right end is the woman standing?
1.6 m
If a net torque is applied to an object, that object will experience:
an angular acceleration.
A turntable has a moment of inertia of 3.00 ´ 10-2 kg×m2 and spins freely on a
frictionless bearing at 25.0 rev/min. A 0.300-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically on the
turntable and sticks at a point 0.100 m from the center. By what factor does the angular
momentum of the system change after the putty is dropped onto the turntable?
1.00 (no change)
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn, is wound
around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. A crank with a turning radius of
0.25 m is attached to the end of the cylinder. What minimum force directed
perpendicular to the crank handle is required to just raise the bucket? (Assume the
rope's mass is negligible, that cylinder turns on frictionless bearings, and that g = 9.8
m/s2.)
45 N
A rotating flywheel can be used as a method to store energy. If it has 1.0 ´ 106 J of
kinetic energy when rotating at 400 rad/s, and if a frictional torque of 4.0 N×m acts on
the system, in what interval of time would the flywheel come to rest?
21 min
A ventilation fan with a moment of inertia of 0.034 kg×m2 has a net torque of 0.11 N×m
applied to it. If it starts from rest, what kinetic energy will it have 8.0 s later?
11 J
An astronaut is on a 100-m lifeline outside a spaceship, circling the ship with an angular
speed of 0.100 rad/s. How far inward can she be pulled before the centripetal acceleration
reaches 5g = 49 m/s2?
72.7 m
A gyroscope has a moment of inertia of 0.140 kg×m2 and has an initial angular speed
of 15.0 rad/s. If a lubricant is applied to the bearings of the gyroscope so that frictional
torque is reduced to 2.00 ´ 10-2 N×m, then in what time interval will the gyroscope
coast from 15.0 rad/s to zero? 105 s
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is wound
around a 0.050-m radius cylinder, with crank, at the top of a well. The moment of
inertia of the cylinder and crank is 0.12 kg×m2. The bucket is raised to the top of the
well and released to fall back into the well. What is the kinetic energy of the cylinder
and crank at the instant the bucket is moving with a speed of 8.0 m/s?
1.5 ´ 103 J
A figure skater with arms initially extended starts spinning on the ice at 3 rad/s. She
then pulls her arms in close to her body. Which of the following results?
a greater rotational rate
A figure skater on ice with arms extended, spins at a rate of 2.5 rev/s. After he draws
his arms in, he spins at 6.0 rev/s. By what factor does the skater's kinetic energy
change when he draws his arms in?
2.4
A 40-kg boy is standing on the edge of a stationary 30-kg platform that is free to rotate.
The boy tries to walk around the platform in a counterclockwise direction. As he does:
the platform rotates in a clockwise direction while the boy goes around in a
counterclockwise direction relative to the ground.
An object of mass m and moment of inertia I has rotational kinetic energy KR. Its
angular momentum is:
(2 IKR)1/2.
According to Newton's second law, the angular acceleration experienced by an object
is directly proportional to:
the net applied torque.
Two hoops or rings (I = MR2) are centered, lying on a turntable. The smaller ring has
radius = 0.050 m; the larger has radius = 0.10 m. Both have a mass of 3.0 kg. What is
the total moment of inertia as the turntable spins? Ignore the mass of the turntable.
0.038 kg×m2
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is wound
around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. A crank with a turning radius of
0.25 m is attached to the end of the cylinder and the moment of inertia of cylinder and
crank is 0.12 kg×m2. If the
bucket is raised to the top of the well and released, what is the acceleration of the
bucket as it falls toward the bottom of the well? (Assume rope's mass is negligible,
that cylinder turns on frictionless bearings and that g = 9.8 m/s2.)
3.2 m/s2
A meter stick is supported by a knife-edge at the 50-cm mark. Doug hangs masses of
0.40 and 0.60 kg from the 20-cm and 80-cm marks, respectively. Where should Doug
hang a third mass of 0.30 kg to keep the stick balanced?
30 cm
A solid sphere of mass 4.0 kg and radius 0.12 m is at rest at the top of a ramp
inclined 15°. It rolls to the bottom without slipping. The upper end of the ramp is 1.2
m higher than the lower end. Find the sphere's total kinetic energy when it reaches
the bottom.
47 J
A rod of length L is hinged at one end. The moment of inertia as the rod rotates around
that hinge is ML2/3. Suppose a 2.00-m rod with a mass of 3.00 kg is hinged at one end
and is held in a horizontal position. The rod is released as the free end is allowed to
fall. What is the angular acceleration as it is released?
7.35 rad/s2
A uniform, horizontal beam of length 6.0 m and weight 120 N is attached at one end to
a wall by a pin connection (so that it may rotate). A cable attached to the wall above
the pin supports the opposite end. The cable makes an angle of 60° with the horizontal.
What is the tension in the cable needed to maintain the beam in equilibrium?
69 N
A ventilation fan with a moment of inertia of 0.034 kg×m2 has a net torque of 0.11 N×m
applied to it. What angular acceleration does it experience?
3.2 rad/s2
A baseball pitcher, loosening up his arm before a game, tosses a 0.15-kg ball using
only the rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. If the ball
starts at rest and is released with a speed of 12 m/s in a time of 0.40 s, what is the
average angular acceleration of the arm and ball?
94 rad/s2
A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right angles to
make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.80 m long and each ball on the end is 0.20 kg.
(Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of inertia if the arrangement is
spun around an axis through the center perpendicular to both rods?
0.13 kg×m2
A 4.2-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m. Where can an 8.4-kg mass be placed so that
the moment of inertia about the z-axis is zero?
there is no position giving this result
A 3.0-m rod is pivoted about its left end. A force of 6.0 N is applied perpendicular to the
rod at a distance of 1.2 m from the pivot causing a ccw torque, and a force of 5.2 N is
applied at the end of the rod 3.0 m from the pivot. The 5.2 N is at an angle of 30o to
the rod and causes a cw torque. What is the net torque about the pivot?
-0.6 N·m
A solid sphere with mass, M, and radius, R, rolls along a level surface without slipping
with a linear speed, v. What is the ratio of rotational to linear kinetic energy? (For a
solid sphere, I = 0.4 MR2).
2/5
An 80-kg man is one fourth of the way up a 10-m ladder that is resting against a
smooth, frictionless wall. If the ladder has a mass of 20 kg and it makes an angle of
60° with the ground, find the force of friction of the ground on the foot of the ladder.
1.7 ´ 102 N
A uniform bridge span weighs 50.0 ´ 103 N and is 40.0 m long. An automobile
weighing 15.0 ´ 103 N is parked with its center of gravity located 12.0 m from the right
pier. What upward support force does the left pier provide?
29.5 ´ 103 N
A bowling ball has a mass of 7.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 2.8 ´ 10-2 kg×m2 and a
radius of 0.10 m. If it rolls down the lane without slipping at a linear speed of 4.0 m/s,
what is its total kinetic energy?
78 J
A turntable has a moment of inertia of 3.0 ´ 10-2 kg×m2 and spins freely on a
frictionless bearing at 25 rev/min. A 0.30-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically on the
turntable and sticks at a point 0.10 m from the center. By what factor does the kinetic
energy of the system change after the putty is dropped onto the turntable?
0.91
A rotating flywheel can be used as a method to store energy. If it is required that such a
device be able to store up to a maximum of 1.00 ´ 106 J when rotating at 400 rad/s, what
moment of inertia is required?
12.5 kg×m2
A hoop of radius 1.0 m is placed in the first quadrant of an xy-coordinate system
with its rim touching both the x-axis and the y-axis. What are the coordinates of its
center of gravity? (1.0, 1.0) m
A solid cylinder (I = MR2/2) has a string wrapped around it many times. When I
release the cylinder, holding on to the string, the cylinder falls and spins as the string
unwinds. What is the downward acceleration of the cylinder as it falls?
6.5 m/s2
Tasha has mass 20 kg and wants to use a 4.0-m board of mass 10 kg as a seesaw.
Her friends are busy, so Tasha seesaws by herself by putting the support at the
system's center of gravity when she sits on one end of the board. How far is she from
the support point?
0.67 m
The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical
orbit. Compare the motion of the satellite at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to
the motion at the point farthest from the Earth (apogee). At these two points:
the angular momenta are the same.
An ice skater spins at 2.5 rev/s when his arms are extended. He draws his arms in
and spins at 6.0 rev/s. By what factor does his moment of inertia change in the
process? .42
An object with mass m and moment of inertia I is spinning with an angular
momentum L. Its kinetic energy is:
0.5 L2/I.
Two children seat themselves on a seesaw. The one on the left has a weight of 400 N
while the one on the right weighs 300 N. The fulcrum is at the midpoint of the seesaw.
If the child on the left is not at the end but is 1.50 m from the fulcrum and the seesaw
is balanced, what is the torque provided by the weight of the child on the right?
-600 N·m
An 800-N billboard worker stands on a 4.0-m scaffold weighing 500 N and supported by
vertical ropes at each end. How far would the worker stand from one of the supporting
ropes to produce a tension of 550 N in that rope?
2.5 m
A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 6.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, -4.0) m.
What is the moment of inertia of this system of masses about the y-axis?
90 kg·m2
A uniform solid sphere rolls down an incline of height 3 m after starting from rest. In
order to calculate its speed at the bottom of the incline, one needs to know:
no more than is given in the problem
A vault is opened by applying a force of 300 N perpendicular to the plane of the
door, 0.80 m from the hinges. Find the torque due to this force about an axis
through the hinges. 240 N×m
A cylinder (I = MR2/2) is rolling along the ground at 7.0 m/s. It comes to a hill and
starts going up. Assuming no losses to friction, how high does it get before it stops?
3.7 m
The Earth moves about the Sun in an elliptical orbit. As the Earth moves closer to the
Sun, which of the following best describes the Earth-Sun system's moment of inertia?
decreases
The quantity "angular momentum" (in terms of the fundamental quantities of mass,
length, and time) is equivalent to:
ML2T-1.
A solid disk of radius R rolls down an incline in time T. The center of the disk is
removed up to a radius of R/2. The remaining portion of the disk with its center gone is
again rolled down the same incline. The time it takes is:
More than T
A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 6.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, -4.0) m.
What is the moment of inertia of this system of masses about the x-axis?
160 kg·m2
An automobile accelerates from zero to 30 m/s in 6.0 s. The wheels have a diameter
of 0.40 m. What is the average angular acceleration of each wheel?
25 rad/s2
A rod of length L is pivoted about its left end and has a force F applied perpendicular to
the other end. The force F is now removed and another force F' is applied at the
midpoint of the rod. If F' is at an angle of 30o with respect to the rod, what is its
magnitude if the resulting torque is the same as when F was applied?
4F
The quantity "moment of inertia" (in terms of the fundamental quantities of mass,
length, and time) is equivalent to:
ML2.
An object consists of a rod (of length 3.0 m and negligible moment of inertia) to which
four small 2.0-kg masses are attached, one at each end and one at each point on the
rod 1.0 m from each end. (The masses are one meter apart.) The moment of inertia
of this object about an axis perpendicular to the rod and through one of the inner
masses:
is 12 kg×m2.
A ventilation fan with a moment of inertia of 0.034 kg×m2 has a net torque of 0.11 N×m
applied to it. If it starts from rest, what angular momentum will it have 8.0 s later? 0.88
kg×m2/s
A meter stick is hinged at its lower end and allowed to fall from a vertical position. If its
moment of inertia is ML2/3, with what angular speed does it hit the table?
5.42 rad/s
A uniform 1.0-N meter stick is suspended horizontally by vertical strings attached at
each end. A 2.0-N weight is suspended from the 10-cm position on the stick, another
2.0-N weight is suspended from the 50 cm position, and a 3.0-N weight is suspended
from the 60 cm position. What is the tension in the string attached at the 100-cm end of
the stick?
3.5 N
A gyroscope has a moment of inertia of 0.14 kg×m2 and an initial angular speed of
15 rad/s. Friction in the bearings causes its speed to reduce to zero in 30 s. What
is the value of the average frictional torque?
7.0 ´ 10-2 N×m
A tetherball is attached to a pole with a 2.0-m rope. It is circling at 0.20 rev/s. As the
rope wraps around the pole it shortens. How long is the rope when the ball is moving
at 5.0 m/s? 1.0 m
A disk has a moment of inertia of 3.0 ´ 10-4 kg×m2 and rotates with an angular
speed of 3.5 rad/sec. What net torque must be applied to bring it to rest within 3
s?
3.5 ´ 10-4 N×m
The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical
orbit. Compare the motion at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to the motion at
the point farthest from the Earth (apogee). At the point closest to the Earth:
none of the above

c.273 rad/s
2 600 rev/min is equivalent to which of the following?
c.52 rad/s
A grindstone spinning at the rate of 8.3 rev/s has what approximate angular
speed? c.1.6 rad/s2
A 0.12-m-radius grinding wheel takes 5.5 s to speed up from 2.0 rad/s to 11.0
rad/s. What is the wheel's average angular acceleration?
a.7.3 × 10−5 rad/s
What is the angular speed about the rotational axis of the Earth for a person
standing on the surface?
b.1 000
A spool of thread has an average radius of 1.00 cm. If the spool contains 62.8 m
of thread, how many turns of thread are on the spool? "Average radius" allows us to
not need to treat the layering of threads on lower layers.
d.−2
A ceiling fan is turned on and reaches an angular speed of 120 rev/min in 20 s. It is
then turned off and coasts to a stop in an additional 40 s. The ratio of the average
angular acceleration for the first 20 s to that for the last 40 s is which of the following?
b.25 rad
A 0.30-m-radius automobile tire rotates how many rad after starting from rest
and accelerating at a constant 2.0 rad/s2 over a 5.0-s interval?
c.0.46 rad/s
A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.025 rad/s2. What
is its angular speed at the instant it goes through an angular displacement of 4.2 rad?
d.18 s
A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.025 rad/s2. What
is the time interval required for it to reach a 4.2-rad displacement after starting from
rest? b.60
A ceiling fan is turned on and reaches an angular speed of 120 rev/min in 20 s. It is then
turned off and coasts to a stop in 40 s. In the one minute of rotation, through how
many revolutions did the fan turn?
b.0.50 T
Starting from rest, a wheel undergoes constant angular acceleration for a period of
time T. At what time after the start of rotation does the wheel reach an angular speed
equal to its average angular speed for this interval?
d.all of the above
Starting from rest, a wheel undergoes constant angular acceleration for a period of
time T. At which of the following times does the average angular acceleration equal
the instantaneous angular acceleration?
b.0.05 rad/s2
A Ferris wheel starts at rest and builds up to a final angular speed of 0.70 rad/s
while rotating through an angular displacement of 4.9 rad. What is its average
angular acceleration?
d.0.78 rad/s
A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.50 rad/s, accelerates over
a 7.0-s interval at a rate of 0.040 rad/s2. What is its angular speed after this 7-s
interval? a.4.48 rad
A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.500 rad/s, accelerates over
a 7.00-s interval at a rate of 0.040 0 rad/s2. What angular displacement does the
Ferris wheel undergo in this 7-s interval?
b.12.4 s
Suppose a wheel is initially rotating at 10.0 rad/s while undergoing constant
angular acceleration reaching a speed of 30.0 rad/s after 20.0 seconds have elapsed.
How long after the initial time has the wheel undergone half of the angular
displacement that it will have gone through during the entire 20.0 second interval?
b.0.52 m/s
A ventilation fan has blades 0.25 m in radius rotating at 20 rpm. What is the
tangential speed of each blade tip?
c.0.60 m/s2
A 0.30-m-radius automobile tire accelerates from rest at a constant 2.0 rad/s2 over
a 5.0-s interval. What is the tangential component of acceleration for a point on the
outer edge of the tire during the 5-s interval?
c.2.7 m/s
A point on the rim of a 0.30-m-radius rotating wheel has a tangential speed of 4.0
m/s. What is the tangential speed of a point 0.20 m from the center of the same
wheel? a.0.45 m/s2
A 0.15-m-radius grinding wheel starts at rest and develops an angular speed of
12.0 rad/s in 4.0 s. What is the average tangential acceleration of a point on the
wheel's edge?
c.19 m/s
The end of the cutting cord on a gas-powered weed cutter is 0.15 m in length. If
the motor rotates at the rate of 20 rev/s, what is the tangential speed of the end of the
cord? c.0.48 rev/s
A bucket in an old well is hoisted upward by a rope which winds up on a cylinder
having a radius of 0.050 m. How many rev/s must the cylinder turn if the bucket is
raised at a speed of 0.15 m/s?
c.Only the linear displacement is zero.
Consider a point on a bicycle wheel as the wheel makes exactly four
complete revolutions about a fixed axis. Compare the linear and angular
displacement of the point.
b.Only the angular velocity is constant.
Consider a point on a bicycle wheel as the wheel turns about a fixed axis,
neither speeding up nor slowing down. Compare the linear and angular velocities of
the point. b.Only the angular acceleration is zero.
Consider a point on a bicycle wheel as the wheel turns about a fixed axis,
neither speeding up nor slowing down. Compare the linear and angular
accelerations of the point.
c.465 m/s
Calculate the linear speed due to the Earth's rotation for a person at the equator of
the Earth. The radius of the Earth is 6.40 × 106 m.
b.357 m/s
Calculate the linear speed due to the Earth's rotation for a person at a point on
its surface located at 40° N latitude. The radius of the Earth is 6.40 × 106 m.
a.1.1 m/s2
A ventilation fan has blades 0.25 m long rotating at 20 rpm. What is the
centripetal acceleration of a point on the outer tip of a blade?
c.30 m/s2
A 0.30-m-radius automobile tire accelerates from rest at a constant 2.0 rad/s2. What
is the centripetal acceleration of a point on the outer edge of the tire after 5.0 s? d.29
m/s
A 0.40-kg mass, attached to the end of a 0.75-m string, is whirled around in a
circular horizontal path. If the maximum tension that the string can withstand is 450
N, then what maximum speed can the mass have if the string is not to break? c.0.04
m/s2
A point on the rim of a 0.25-m-radius fan blade has centripetal acceleration of
0.20 m/s2. Find the centripetal acceleration of a point 0.05 m from the center of the
same wheel.
d.4.0 rad/s
A point on the rim of a 0.25-m-radius rotating wheel has a centripetal acceleration of
4.0 m/s2. What is the angular speed of the wheel?
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d.5.8 rad/s
A point on the rim of a 0.15-m-radius rotating disk has a centripetal acceleration of
5.0 m/s2. What is the angular speed of a point 0.075 m from the center of the disk?
d.Cannot determine with the information given.
When a point on the rim of a 0.30-m-radius wheel experiences a centripetal
acceleration of 4.0 m/s2, what tangential acceleration does that point experience?
c.14.4 m/s2
A 0.150-m-radius grinding wheel, starting at rest, develops an angular speed of
12.0 rad/s in a time interval of 4.00 s. What is the centripetal acceleration of a point
0.100 m from the center when the wheel is moving at an angular speed of 12.0 rad/s?
c.3.0 m/s2
The distance from the center of a Ferris wheel to a passenger seat is 12 m.
What centripetal acceleration does a passenger experience when the wheel's angular
speed is 0.50 rad/s?
d.240 N
What centripetal force does an 80-kg passenger experience when seated 12 m from
the center of a Ferris wheel whose angular speed is 0.50 rad/s?
c.16.7 N
A 0.400-kg object is swung in a circular path and in a vertical plane on a 0.500-m-
length string. If the angular speed at the bottom is 8.00 rad/s, what is the tension in the
string when the object is at the bottom of the circle?
a.7.9 N
A 0.30-kg rock is swung in a circular path and in a vertical plane on a 0.25-m-
length string. At the top of the path, the angular speed is 12.0 rad/s. What is the
tension in the string at that point?
c.0.28
A 1 500-kg car rounds an unbanked curve with a radius of 52 m at a speed of 12
m/s. What minimum coefficient of friction must exist between the road and tires to
prevent the car from slipping? (g = 9.8 m/s2)
c.16°
At what angle (relative to the horizontal) should a curve 52 m in radius be banked if
no friction is required to prevent the car from slipping when traveling at 12 m/s? (g =
9.8 m/s2)
c.23 m/s
At what speed will a car round a 52-m-radius curve, banked at a 45° angle, if no
friction is required between the road and tires to prevent the car from slipping? (g = 9.8
m/s2) b.4.7 × 104 N
A roller coaster, loaded with passengers, has a mass of 2 000 kg; the radius
of curvature of the track at the bottom point of the dip is 24 m. If the vehicle has a
speed of 18 m/s at this point, what force is exerted on the vehicle by the track? (g = 9.8
m/s2) a.upward.
Consider a point on a bicycle tire that is momentarily in contact with the ground as
the bicycle rolls across the ground with constant speed. The direction for the
acceleration for this point at that moment is:
d.none of the above.
Consider a child who is swinging. As she reaches the lowest point in her
swing: a.40.7 rev/s
What angular speed (in revolutions/second) is needed for a centrifuge to produce
an acceleration of 1 000 g at a radius arm of 15.0 cm?
c.2 300 m
An airplane in a wide sweeping "outside" loop can create zero gees inside the
aircraft cabin. What must be the radius of curvature of the flight path for an aircraft
moving at 150 m/s to create a condition of "weightlessness" inside the aircraft?
a.0.05 rad/s
A cylindrical space colony 8 km in diameter and 30 km long has been proposed as living
quarters for future space explorers. Such a habitat would have cities, land and lakes
on the inside surface and air and clouds in the center. All this would be held in place by
the rotation of the cylinder about the long axis. How fast would such a cylinder have to
rotate to produce a 1-g gravitational field at the walls of the
cylinder? d.3.7 × 10−6 mi/s2
The Earth is 93 million miles (mi) from the Sun and its period of revolution is 1 year
= 3.15 × 107 s. What is the acceleration of the Earth in its orbit about the Sun? a.is
in the same direction.
A wheel is rotated about a horizontal axle at a constant angular speed. Next it is
rotated in the opposite direction with the same angular speed. The acceleration at a
point on the top of the wheel in the second case as compared to the acceleration in the
first case:
a.east
You are facing east looking at the clock on the wall. You see the second hand
moving clockwise (of course). In what direction is the angular velocity vector for this
second hand?
c.9.6 × 1024 kg
An object of mass 0.50 kg is transported to the surface of Planet X where the
object's weight is measured to be 20 N. The radius of the planet is 4.0 × 106 m.
What is the mass of Planet X? (G = 6.67 × 10−11 N ⋅ m2/kg2)
d.40 m/s2
An object of mass 0.50 kg is transported to the surface of Planet X where the
object's weight is measured to be 20 N. The radius of the planet is 4.0 × 106 m.
What free fall acceleration will the 0.50-kg object experience when at the surface of
Planet X? d.18 m/s2
An object of mass 0.50 kg is transported to the surface of Planet X where the
object's weight is measured to be 20 N. The radius of the planet is 4.0 × 106 m. What
free fall acceleration will the 0.50-kg object experience when transported to a distance
of 2.0 × 106 m from the surface of this planet?
d.1/4
An Earth satellite is orbiting at a distance from the Earth's surface equal to one
Earth radius (4 000 miles). At this location, the acceleration due to gravity is what
factor times the value of g at the Earth's surface?
a.29.4 m/s2
If a planet has 3 times the radius of the Earth, but has the same density as the
Earth, what is the gravitational acceleration at the surface of the planet? (g = 9.8
m/s2) d.6.8 m/s2
If a planet has a radius 20% greater than that of the Earth but has the same mass
as the Earth, what is the acceleration due to gravity at its surface?
d.More information is needed.
The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Planet X is 10 m/s2. What is
the acceleration due to gravity at an altitude of 3 000 km above the surface of this
planet? c.0.92 kg
An object when orbiting the Earth at a height of three Earth radii from the center of
the Earth has a weight of 1.00 N. What is the object's mass? (g at the surface of the
Earth is 9.8 m/s2)
b.9/10 the way to the Moon
Somewhere between the Earth and the Moon is a point where the
gravitational attraction of the Earth is canceled by the gravitational pull of the Moon.
The mass of the Moon is 1/81 that of the Earth. How far from the center of the Earth is
this point? c.5 600 m/s
A satellite is in a circular orbit about the Earth at a distance of one Earth radius
above the surface. What is the speed of the satellite? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4 ×
106 m, and G = 6.67 × 10−11 N⋅m2/kg2.)
b.530 m/s
A careful photographic survey of Jupiter's moon Io by the spacecraft Voyager 1
showed active volcanoes spewing liquid sulfur to heights of 70 km above the surface of
this moon. If the value of g on Io is 2.0 m/s2, estimate the speed with which the liquid
sulfur left the volcano.
b.3.73 m/s2
If the mass of Mars is 0.107 times that of Earth, and its radius is 0.530 that of
Earth, estimate the gravitational acceleration g at the surface of Mars. (gearth = 9.80
m/s2) a.2.5 km/s
The escape speed from the surface of the Earth is 11.2 km/s. Estimate the
escape speed for a spacecraft from the surface of the Moon. The Moon has a mass
1/81 that of Earth and a radius 0.25 that of Earth.
b.333 N
Geosynchronous satellites orbit the Earth at a distance of 42 000 km from the
Earth's center. Their angular speed at this height is the same as the rotation rate of
the Earth, so they appear stationary at certain locations in the sky. What is the force
acting on a 1 500-kg satellite at this height?
d.not given.
At an altitude of 4 times the radius of the earth, the acceleration due to gravity is
C
Suppose the gravitational potential energy for a mass at an altitude of one Earth
radius is PE1 and at two Earth radii is PE2. How do the absolute values of these
potential energies compare?
b.6.5 AU
An asteroid has a perihelion (the orbit's closest approach to the sun) of 1.5 AU and
a period of revolution of 8.0 y. What is its greatest distance from the sun (its aphelion)?
d.22.6
Two satellites are monitored as they orbit the Earth; satellite X is eight times as far
from the Earth's center as is satellite Y. From Kepler's third law one may conclude that
the period or revolution of X is what factor times that of Y?
a.nearest the Earth
At what location does an artificial Earth satellite in elliptical orbit have its
greatest speed?
b.2 km/s
An asteroid in orbit about the sun has a linear speed of 4 km/s when at a distance
of closest approach d from the sun. What is its linear speed when it is at its
greatest distance from the sun, a distance 2 d?
a.nearest the Earth
An artificial Earth satellite in an elliptical orbit has its greatest centripetal
acceleration when it is at what location?
b.greater when the orbital radius is larger
Which of the following best describes the property of the period of orbital revolution
for an Earth satellite?
a.greatest centripetal acceleration.
Of the nine known planets in our solar system, the innermost is Mercury.
When compared to the other planets in the system, Mercury has the:
a.nothing
According to Kepler's second law, Halley's Comet circles the Sun in an elliptical
path with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse. What is at the other focus of the
ellipse? a.1.8 years
For any object orbiting the Sun, Kepler's Law may be written T2 = kr3. If T is
measured in years and r in units of the Earth's distance from the Sun, then k = 1.
What, therefore, is the time (in years) for Mars to orbit the Sun if its mean radius from
the Sun is 1.5 times the Earth's distance from the Sun?
b.be over the equator.
In order for a satellite to be geosynchronous, its orbit must:
c.8 years
An asteroid is in orbit at 4 times the earth's distance from the Sun. What is its period
of revolution?
c.2 3/2
Doubling the mean distance from the Sun results in changing the orbital period
of revolution by what factor?
b.January
The Earth's orbit is closest to the Sun in January and farthest from the Sun in
July. When is the Earth moving the fastest in orbit?
a.The one closest to the Sun.
Two objects are in circular orbits of different radii around the Sun. Which object has
the highest orbital speed?
c.Its centripetal acceleration.
For a point on a spinning disc in uniform circular motion, which of the following is
not constant?
c.vt1 = vt2
Two points on a merry-go-round are located at distances from the center r1 and
r2, where r1 < r2. While the merry-go-round is in the process of speeding up to
operational speed, which of the following equations involving magnitudes of angular
speed, angular acceleration, and tangential speed for these points is incorrect?
b.It is the greatest in the turn with the smallest radius.
A car is going around a racetrack at constant speed. The curves around the track
have different radii. In which turn is the magnitude of the car's acceleration the
greatest?
Chapter 11, Energy in Thermal Processes CHAPTER 11 1. A 10-kg piece of aluminum (which
has a specific heat of 900 J/kg⋅°C) is warmed so that its temperature increases by 5.0 C°. How
much heat was transferred into it? a. 4.5 × 104 J b. 9.0 × 104 J c. 1.4 × 105 J d. 2.0 × 105 J 2.
In a greenhouse, electromagnetic energy in the form of visible light enters the glass panes and
is absorbed and then reradiated. What happens to this reradiated electromagnetic radiation
from within the greenhouse? a. 100% returns to the atmosphere. b. It’s blocked by glass. c. It’s
transformed into ultraviolet upon striking the glass. d. It’s reflected as visible light upon striking
the glass. 3. Which of the following best describes a substance in which the temperature
remains constant while at the same time it is experiencing an inward heat flow? a. gas b. liquid
c. solid d. substance undergoing a change of state 4. Carly places one end of a steel bar in a
Bunsen flame and the other end in an ice cube. By what factor is the rate of heat flow changed
when the bar’s cross-sectional area is doubled? a. 2 b. 1/2 c. 4.0 d. 1/4 5. Dmitri places one end
of a copper rod in a heat reservoir and the other end in a heat sink. By what factor is the rate of
heat flow changed when the temperature difference between the reservoir and sink is tripled? a.
0.33 b. 1/9 c. 3.0 d. 9.0 132 Chapter 11, Energy in Thermal Processes 6. If one’s hands are
being warmed by holding them to one side of a flame, the predominant form of heat transfer is
what process? a. conduction b. radiation c. convection d. vaporization 7. The surfaces of a
Dewar flask are silvered for the purpose of minimizing heat transfer by what process? a.
conduction b. radiation c. convection d. vaporization 8. The use of fiberglass insulation in the
outer walls of a building is intended to minimize heat transfer through what process? a.
conduction b. radiation c. convection d. vaporization 9. A hot (70°C) lump of metal has a mass
of 250 g and a specific heat of 0.25 cal/g⋅°C. John drops the metal into a 500-g
calorimeter containing 75 g of water at 20°C. The calorimeter is constructed of a material that
has a specific heat of 0.10 cal/ g⋅°C. When equilibrium is reached, what will be the final
temperature? cwater = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C. a. 114°C b. 72°C c. 64°C d. 37°C 10. Heat flow occurs
between two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in what property? a. mass b. specific
heat c. density d. temperature 11. Who demonstrated that when heat is gained or lost by a
system during some process, the gain or loss can be accounted for by an equivalent quantity of
mechanical work done on the system? a. Joule b. Boltzmann c. Thompson, Count Rumford d.
Kelvin 133 Chapter 11, Energy in Thermal Processes 12. The first experiment,
which systematically demonstrated the equivalence of mechanical energy and heat, was
performed by: a. Joule b. Boltzmann c. Thompson, Count Rumford d. Kelvin 13. Sea breezes
that occur near the shore are attributed to a difference between land and water with respect to
what property? a. mass density b. coefficient of volume expansion c. specific heat d. emissivity
14. How does the heat energy from the sun reach us through the vacuum of space? a.
conduction b. radiation c. convection d. none of the above choices are valid 15. Which one of
the following processes of heat transfer requires the presence of a fluid? a. conduction b.
radiation c. convection d. none of the above choices are valid 16. If cooking is done using an
aluminum pan over an electric burner, which of the following will not promote the rate of heat
flow from burner to food? a. increase pan bottom thickness b. increase pan bottom area c.
increase burner temperature d. decrease height of pan sides 17. On a sunny day at the beach,
the reason the sand gets so hot and the water stays relatively cool is attributed to the difference
in which property between water and sand? a. mass density b. specific heat c. temperature d.
thermal conductivity 134 Chapter 11, Energy in Thermal Processes 18. Marc attaches a falling
500-kg object with a rope through a pulley to a paddle wheel shaft. He places the system in a
well-insulated tank holding 25 kg of water. When the object falls, it causes the paddle wheel to
rotate and churn the water. If the object falls a vertical distance of 100 m at constant speed,
what is the temperature change of the water? (1 kcal = 4 186 J, the specific heat of water is 4
186 J/kg⋅°C, and g = 9.8 m/s 2 ) a. 19 600 C° b. 4 700 C° c. 4.7 C° d.
0.8 C° 19. An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual, while
pedaling, can convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. How much
mechanical energy is required to increase the temperature of 300 g of water (enough for 1 cup
of coffee) from 20°C to 95°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C) a. 94
000 J b. 22 000 J c. 5 400 J d. 14 J 20. An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by
which an individual, while pedaling, can convert all of the energy expended into heat for
warming water. What minimum power must be generated if 300 g water (enough for 1 cup of
coffee) is to be heated in 10 min from 20°C to 95°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water
is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C) a. 9 400 W b. 590 W c. 160 W d. 31 W 21. A 3.00-g lead bullet is traveling at
a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a wood post. If we assume that half of the resultant heat
energy generated remains with the bullet, what is the increase in temperature of the
embedded bullet? (specific heat of lead = 0.030 5 kcal/kg⋅°C, 1 kcal = 4 186 J) a. 113°C b.
137°C c. 226°C d. 259°C 135 Chapter 11, Energy in Thermal Processes 22. A 0.003 0-kg lead
bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a block of ice at 0°C. If all the heat
generated goes into melting ice, what quantity of ice is melted? (Lf = 80 kcal/kg, the specific
heat of lead = 0.03 kcal/kg⋅°C, and 1 kcal = 4 186 J) a. 1.47 × 10−2 kg b. 5.8 × 10−4 kg c. 3.2 ×
10−3 kg d. 2.6 × 10−4 kg 23. A puddle holds 150 g of water. If 0.50 g of water evaporates from
the surface, what is the approximate temperature change of the remaining water? (Lv = 540
cal/g) a. +1.8 C° b. –1.8 C° c. +0.18 C° d. −0.18 C° 24. A windowpane is half a centimeter thick
and has an area of 1.0 m2 . The temperature difference between the inside and outside
surfaces of the pane is 15 C°. What is the rate of heat flow through this window? (Thermal
conductivity for glass is 0.84 J/s⋅m⋅°C.) a. 50 000 J/s b. 2 500 J/s c. 1 300 J/s d. 630 J/s 25. A
2.0-m2 Thermopane window is constructed, using two layers of glass 4.0 mm thick, separated
by an air space of 5.0 mm. If the temperature difference is 20 C° from the inside of the house to
the outside air, what is the rate of heat flow through this window? (Thermal conductivity for
glass is 0.84 J/s⋅m⋅°C and for air 0.023 4 J/s⋅m⋅°C.) a. 7 700 W b. 1 900 W c. 547 W d. 180 W
26. A swimming pool heater has to be able to raise the temperature of the 40 000 gallons of
water in the pool by 10.0 C°. How many kilowatt-hours of energy are required? (One gallon of
water has a mass of approximately 3.8 kg and the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C.) a. 1
960 kWh b. 1 770 kWh c. 330 kWh d. 216 kWh 136 Chapter 11, Energy in Thermal Processes
27. A solar heated house loses about 5.4 × 107 cal through its outer surfaces on a typical 24-
h winter day. What mass of storage rock is needed to provide this amount of heat if it is brought
up to initial temperature of 62°C by the solar collectors and the house is maintained at 20°C?
(Specific heat of rock is 0.21 cal/g⋅°C.) a. 163 kg b. 1 230 kg c. 6 100 kg d. 12 700 kg 28. A 0.2-
kg aluminum plate, initially at 20°C, slides down a 15-m-long surface, inclined at a 30° angle to
the horizontal. The force of kinetic friction exactly balances the component of gravity down the
plane so that the plate, once started, glides down at constant velocity. If 90% of the mechanical
energy of the system is absorbed by the aluminum, what is its temperature increase at the
bottom of the incline? (Specific heat for aluminum is 900 J/kg⋅°C.) a. 0.16 C° b. 0.07 C° c. 0.04
C° d. 0.03 C° 29. Iced tea is made by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at 80°C. How
many kg of ice, initially at 0°C, are required to bring the mixture to 10°C? (Lf = 3.33 x 105
J/kg, cw = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C) a. 1.8 kg b. 1.6 kg c. 1.4 kg d. 1.2 kg 30. The filament temperature of
a light bulb is 2 000 K when the bulb delivers 40 W of power. If its emissivity remains constant,
what power is delivered when the filament temperature is 2 500 K? a. 105 W b. 62 W c. 98 W
d. 50 W 31. A waterfall is 145 m high. What is the increase in water temperature at the bottom
of the falls if all the initial potential energy goes into heating the water? (g = 9.8 m/s 2 , cw = 4
186 J/kg⋅°C) a. 0.16°C b. 0.34°C c. 0.69°C d. 1.04°C 137 Chapter 11, Energy in Thermal
Processes 32. What is the temperature increase of 4.0 kg of water when heated by an 800-W
immersion heater for 10 min? (cw = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C) a. 56°C b. 51°C c.
29°C d. 14°C 33. A solar heating system has a 25.0% conversion efficiency; the solar radiation
incident on the panels is 1 000 W/m2 . What is the increase in temperature of 30.0 kg of water
in a 1.00-h period by a 4.00-m2 -area collector? (cw = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C) a. 14.3°C b. 22.4°C c.
28.7°C d. 44.3°C 34. An 80.0-g piece of copper, initially at 295°C, is dropped into 250 g of water
contained in a 300-g aluminum calorimeter;
the water and calorimeter are initially at 10.0°C. What is the final temperature of the system?
(Specific heats of copper and aluminum are 0.092 0 and 0.215 cal/g⋅°C, respectively. cw =
1.00 cal/g⋅°C) a. 12.8°C b. 16.5°C c. 28.4°C d. 32.1°C 35. A machine gear consists of 0.10 kg
of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much total heat is generated in the part if its temperature
increases by 35 C°? (Specific heats of iron and copper are 450 and 390 J/kg⋅°C, respectively.)
a. 910 J b. 3 800 J c. 4 000 J d. 4 400 J 36. I place a 500-g ice cube (initially at 0°C) in a
Styrofoam box with wall thickness 1.0 cm and total surface area 600 cm2 . If the air surrounding
the box is at 20°C and after 4 hours the ice is completely melted, what is the conductivity of the
Styrofoam material? (Lf = 80 cal/g) a. 9.6 × 10−5 cal/s⋅cm⋅°C b. 2.8 × 10−6 cal/s⋅cm⋅°C c. 1.15
× 10−2 cal/s⋅cm⋅°C d. 2.3 × 10−4 cal/s⋅cm⋅°C 138 Chapter 11, Energy in Thermal Processes
37. A 50-g cube of ice, initially at 0.0°C, is dropped into 200 g of water in an 80-g aluminum
container, both initially at 30°C. What is the final equilibrium temperature? (Specific heat for
aluminum is 900 J/kg⋅°C, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C, and Lf = 3.33 × 105 J/kg.)
a. 17.9°C b. 9.5°C c. 12.1°C d. 20.6°C 38. If heat is flowing from a table to a block of ice
moving across the table, which of the following must be true? a. The table is rough and there is
friction between the table and ice. b. The ice is cooler than the table. c. The ice is changing
phase. d. All three are possible, but none is absolutely necessary. 39. As I use sandpaper on
some rusty metal, the sandpaper gets hot because: a. Heat is flowing from the sandpaper into
the metal. b. Heat is flowing from the metal into the sandpaper. c. Friction is creating the heat.
d. Heat is flowing from my hand into the sandpaper. 40. A 120-g block of copper is taken from
a kiln and quickly placed into a beaker containing 300 g of water. The water temperature rises
from 15°C to 35°C. Given cCu = 0.10 cal/g⋅°C, and cwater = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C, what was the
temperature of the kiln? a. 500°C b. 360°C c. 720°C d. 535°C 41. 125 g of dry ice (solid CO2)
is dropped into a beaker containing 500 g of 66°C water. The dry ice converts directly to gas,
leaving the solution. When the dry ice is gone, the final temperature of the water is 29°C. What
is the heat of vaporization of solid CO2? (cwater = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C) a. 37 cal/g b. 74 cal/g c. 111
cal/g d. 148 cal/g 139 Chapter 11, Energy in Thermal Processes 42. A piece of copper of mass
100 g is being drilled through with a 1 /2" electric drill. The drill operates at 40.0 W and takes
30.0 s to bore through the copper. If all the energy from the drill heats the copper, find
the copper’s increase in temperature. ccopper = 387 J/kg⋅°C. a. 40.6 C° b. 34.7 C° c. 31.0 C°
d. 27.3 C° 43. In cloud formation, water vapor turns into water droplets which get bigger and
bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to: a. get warmer. b.
get cooler. c. will not affect the temperature of the air in the clouds. d. There is no air in clouds.
44. I take 1.0 kg of ice and dump it into 1.0 kg of water and, when equilibrium is reached, I
have 2.0 kg of ice at 0°C. The water was originally at 0°C. The specific heat of water = 1.00
kcal/kg⋅°C, the specific heat of ice = 0.50 kcal/kg⋅°C, and the latent heat of fusion of water is 80
kcal/kg. The original temperature of the ice was: a. one or two degrees below 0°C. b. −80°C. c.
−160°C. d. The whole experiment is impossible. 45. Consider two different rods. The greatest
thermal conductivity will be in the rod with: a. electrons that are freer to move from atom to
atom. b. the greater specific heat. c. the greater cross-sectional area. d. the greater length. 46.
Which type of heating causes sunburn? a. conduction b. convection c. radiation d. all of the
above 47. Carbon dioxide and water molecules in the atmosphere will absorb: a. infrared light.
b. visible light. c. ultraviolet light. d. radio waves. 140 Chapter 11, Energy in Thermal
Processes 48. How many calories are equal to one BTU? (One calorie = 4.186 J, one BTU = 1
054 J.) a. 0.252 b. 3.97 c. 252 d. 397 49. In winter, light-
colored clothes will keep you warmer than dark-colored clothes if: a. you are warmer than
your surroundings. b. you are at the same temperature as your surroundings. c. you are cooler
than your surroundings. d. you are standing in sunlight. 50. Find the final equilibrium
temperature when 10.0 g of milk at 10.0°C is added to 160 g of coffee at 90.0°C. (Assume the
specific heats of coffee and milk are the same as water and neglect the heat capacity of the
container.) cwater = 1.00 cal/g·ºC = 4186 J/kg·ºC a. 85.3°C b. 77.7°C c. 71.4°C d. 66.7°C 51.
How much heat energy is required to vaporize a 1.0-g ice cube at 0°C? The heat of fusion of
ice is 80 cal/g. The heat of vaporization of water is 540 cal/g, and cwater = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C. a. 620
cal b. 720 cal c. 820 cal d. 1 kcal 52. How much heat energy must be removed from 100 g of
oxygen at 22°C to liquefy it at −183°C? (The specific heat of oxygen gas is 0.218 cal/g⋅°C and
its heat of vaporization is 50.9 cal/g.) a. 13 700 cal b. 9 560 cal c. 4 320 cal d. 2 160 cal 53. 100
g of liquid nitrogen at its boiling point of 77 K is stirred into a beaker containing 500 g of 15°C
water. If the nitrogen leaves the solution as soon as it turns to gas, how much water freezes?
The heat of vaporization of nitrogen is 48 cal/g and that of water is 80 cal/g. a. none b. 29 g c.
68 g d. 109 g 141 Chapter 11, Energy in Thermal Processes 54. A silver bar of length 30 cm
and cross-sectional area 1.0 cm2 is used to transfer heat from a 100°C reservoir to a 0°C block
of ice. How much ice is melted per second? (For silver, k = 427 J/s⋅m⋅°C. For ice, Lf = 334 000
J/kg.) a. 4.2 g/s b. 2.1 g/s c. 0.80 g/s d. 0.043 g/s 55. A slice of bread contains about 100 kcal.
If specific heat of a person were 1.00 kcal/kg, by how many C° would the temperature of a
70.0-kg person increase if all the energy in the bread were converted to heat? a. 2.25°C b.
1.86°C c. 1.43°C d. 1.00°C 56. At high noon, the sun delivers 1 000 W to each square meter of
a blacktop road. What is the equilibrium temperature of the hot asphalt, assuming its emissivity
e = 1? (σ = 5.67 × 10−8 W/m2 ⋅K4 ) . a. 75°C b. 84°C c. 91°C d. 99°C 57. A 5-g lead bullet
traveling in 20°C air at 300 m/s strikes a flat steel plate and stops. What is the final temperature
of the lead bullet? (Assume the bullet retains all heat.) The melting point of lead is 327°C. The
specific heat of lead is 0.128 J/g⋅°C. The heat of fusion of lead is 24.5 J/g. a. 227°C b. 260°C c.
293°C d. 327°C 58. The surface of the Sun has a temperature of about 5 800 K. If the radius of
the Sun is 7 × 108 m, determine the power output of the sun. (Take e = 1, and σ = 5.67 × 10−8
W/m2 ⋅K4 ). a. 3.95 × 1026 W b. 5.17 × 1027 W c. 9.62 × 1028 W d. 6.96 × 1030 W 142
Chapter 11, Energy in Thermal Processes 59. The tungsten filament of a light bulb has an
operating temperature of about 2 100 K. If the emitting area of the filament is 1.0 cm2 , and
its emissivity is 0.68, what is the power output of the light bulb? (σ = 5.67 × 10−8 W/m2 ⋅K4 ) a.
100 W b. 75 W c. 60 W d. 40 W 60. Which of the following statements is true? a. A hot object
contains a lot of heat. b. A cold object contains only a little heat. c. Objects do not contain heat.
d. Statements a and b are true. 61. An object at 27°C has its temperature increased to 37°C.
The power then radiated by this object increases by how many percent? a. 3.3 b. 14 c. 37 d.
253 62. What temperature increase is necessary to increase the power radiated from an object
by a factor of 8? a. 8 K b. 2 K c. 100% d. about 68% 63. A metal bar is used to conduct heat.
When the temperature at one end is 100°C and at the other is 20°C, heat is transferred at a
rate of 16 J/s. If the temperature of the hotter end is reduced to 80°C, what will be the rate of
heat transfer? a. 4 J/s b. 8 J/s c. 9 J/s d. 12 J/s 143 Chapter 11, Energy in Thermal Processes
64. A metal bar is used to conduct heat. When the temperature at one end is 100°C and at the
other is 20°C, heat is transferred at a rate of 16 J/s. The bar is then stretched uniformly to twice
its original length. If again it has ends at 100°C and 20°C, at what rate will heat be transferred
between it ends? a. 4 J/s b. 8 J/s c. 16 J/s d. 32 J/s 65. Which of the following involves the
greatest heat transfer? a. One gram of steam at 100°C changing to water at 100°C. b. One
gram of ice at 0°C changing to water at 0°C, c. One gram of water cooling from 100°C to 0°C.
d. One gram of ice heating from -100°C to 0°C. 66. Twenty grams of a solid at 70°C is place in
100 grams of a fluid at 20°C. Thermal equilibrium is reached at 30°C.
The specific heat of the solid a. is equal to that of the fluid. b. is less than that of the fluid. c. is
more than that of the fluid. d. cannot be compared to that of a material in a different phase. 144
Chapter 11, Energy in Thermal Processes CHAPTER 11 - ANSWERS # Ans Difficulty # Ans
Difficulty 1. A 1 34. B 3 2. B 1 35. B 2 3. D 1 36. D 3 4. A 1 37. B 3 5. C 1 38. B 2 6. B 1 39. C 1
7. B 1 40. D 2 8. A 1 41. D 2 9. D 3 42. C 1 10. D 1
43. A 1 11. A 1 44. C 2 12. A 1 45. A 1 13. C 2 46. C 1 14. B 1 47. A 1 15. C 1 48. C 2 16. A 2
49. A 2 17. B 1 50. A 2 18. C 2 51. B 2 19. A 2 52. B 2 20. C 2 53. A 2 21. A 2 54. D 3 22. D 2
55. C 2 23. B 2 56. C 2 24. B 2 57. D 3 25. D 2 58. A 2 26. B 2 59. B 2 27. C 3 60. C 2 28. B 3
61. B 2 29. C 2 62. D 2 30. C 2 63. D 2 31. B 2 64. A 3 32. C 2 65. A 2 33. C 2 66. C 2 145

Chapter 13, Vibrations and Waves CHAPTER 13 1. A large spring requires a force of 150 N to
compress it only 0.010 m. What is the spring constant of the spring? a. 125 000 N/m b. 15 000
N/m c. 15 N/m d. 1.5 N/m 2. A 0.20-kg object is attached to a spring with spring constant k = 10
N/m and moves with simple
harmonic motion over a horizontal frictionless surface. At the instant that it is displaced from
equilibrium by −0.050 m, what is its acceleration? a. 1 000 m/s 2 b. 40 m/s 2 c. 0.1 m/s 2 d. 2.5
m/s 2 3. A 0.20-kg object is oscillating on a spring with a spring constant of k = 15 N/m. What is
the potential energy of the system when the object displacement is 0.040 m, exactly half the
maximum amplitude? a. zero b. 0.006 0 J c. 0.012 J d. 2.5 J 4. A 0.20 kg object, attached to a
spring with spring constant k = 10 N/m, is moving on a horizontal frictionless surface in simple
harmonic motion of amplitude of 0.080 m. What is its speed at the instant when its displacement
is 0.040 m? (Hint: Use conservation of energy.) a. 9.8 m/s b. 4.9 m/s c. 49 cm/s d. 24.5 cm/s 5.
An object is attached to a spring and its frequency of oscillation is measured. Then another
object is connected to the first object, and the resulting mass is four times the original value. By
what factor is the frequency of oscillation changed? a. 1/4 b. 1/2 c. 1/16 d. 4 158 Chapter
13, Vibrations and Waves 6. The kinetic energy of the bob on a simple pendulum swinging in
simple harmonic motion has its maximum value when the displacement from equilibrium is at
what point in its swing? a. zero displacement b. 1/4 the amplitude c. 1/2 the amplitude d. equal
the amplitude 7. If one could transport a simple pendulum of constant length from the Earth's
surface to the Moon's, where the acceleration due to gravity is one-sixth (1/6) that on the Earth,
by what factor would the pendulum frequency be changed? a. about 6.0 b. about 2.5 c. about
0.41 d. about 0.17 8. A long string is pulled so that the tension in it increases by a factor of
three. If the change in length is negligible, by what factor does the wave speed change? a. 3.0
b. 1.7 c. 0.58 d. 0.33 9. If the frequency of a traveling wave train is increased by a factor of
three in a medium where the speed is constant, which of the following is the result? a.
amplitude is one third as big b. amplitude is tripled c. wavelength is one third as big
d. wavelength is tripled 10. What is the phase difference when two waves, traveling in the same
medium, undergo constructive interference? a. 270° b. 180° c. 90° d. 0° 11. Tripling the weight
suspended vertically from a coil spring will result in a change in the displacement of the spring’s
lower end by what factor? a. 0.33 b. 1.0 c. 3.0 d. 9.0 159 Chapter 13, Vibrations and Waves 12.
Tripling the displacement from equilibrium of an object in simple harmonic motion will bring
about a change in the magnitude of the object's acceleration by what factor? a. 0.33 b. 1.0 c.
3.0 d. 9.0 13. Tripling the mass of the bob on a simple pendulum will cause a change in the
frequency of the pendulum swing by what factor? a. 0.33 b. 1.0 c. 3.0 d. 9.0 14. By what factor
must one change the weight suspended vertically from a spring coil in order to triple its period
of simple harmonic motion? a. 1/9 b. 0.33 c. 3.0 d. 9.0 15. By what factor should the length of a
simple pendulum be changed if the period of vibration were to be tripled? a. 1/9 b. 0.33 c. 3.0 d.
9.0 16. Which one of the following quantities is at a maximum when an object in simple
harmonic motion is at its maximum displacement? a. speed b. acceleration c. kinetic energy d.
frequency 17. The wavelength of a traveling wave is a function of: a. frequency b. speed c.
amplitude d. Both choices A and B are valid. 160 Chapter 13, Vibrations and Waves 18. A tiny
spring, with a spring constant of 1.20 N/m, will be stretched to what displacement by a 0.005 0-
N force? a. 4.2 mm b. 6.0 mm c. 7.2 mm d. 9.4 mm 19. A mass of 0.40 kg, attached to a spring
with a spring constant of 80 N/m, is set into simple harmonic motion. What is the magnitude of
the acceleration of the mass when at its maximum displacement of 0.10 m from the equilibrium
position? a. zero b. 5 m/s 2 c. 10 m/s 2 d. 20 m/s 2 20. A mass of 4.0 kg, resting on a
horizontal frictionless surface, is attached on the right to a horizontal spring with spring
constant 20 N/m and on the left to a horizontal spring with spring constant 50 N/m. If
this system is moved from equilibrium, what is the effective spring constant? a. 30 N/m b. –30
N/m c. 70 N/m d. 14 N/m 21. A mass of 0.40 kg, hanging from a spring with a spring constant
of 80 N/m, is set into an up-and-down simple harmonic motion. What is the speed of the mass
when moving through the equilibrium point? The starting displacement from equilibrium is 0.10
m. a. zero b. 1.4 m/s c. 2.0 m/s d. 3.4 m/s 22. A mass of 0.40 kg, hanging from a spring with a
spring constant of 80 N/m, is set into an up and-down simple harmonic motion. What is the
speed of the mass when moving through a point at 0.05 m displacement? The starting
displacement of the mass is 0.10 m from its equilibrium position. a. zero b. 1.4 m/s c. 1.7 m/s d.
1.2 m/s 161 Chapter 13, Vibrations and Waves 23. A runaway railroad car, with mass 30 × 104
kg, coasts across a level track at 2.0 m/s when it collides with a spring-loaded bumper at
the end of the track. If the spring constant of the bumper is 2.0 × 106 N/m, what is the
maximum compression of the spring during the collision? (Assume the collision is elastic.) a.
0.77 m b. 0.58 m c. 0.34 m d. 1.07 m 24. I attach a 2.0-kg block to a spring that obeys Hooke's
Law and supply 16 J of energy to stretch the spring. I release the block; it oscillates with period
0.30 s. The amplitude is: a. 38 cm b. 19 cm c. 9.5 cm d. 4.3 cm 25. A 0.20-kg block rests on a
frictionless level surface and is attached to a horizontally aligned spring with a spring constant
of 40 N/m. The block is initially displaced 4.0 cm from the equilibrium point and then released
to set up a simple harmonic motion. What is the speed of the block when it passes through the
equilibrium point? a. 2.1 m/s b. 1.6 m/s c. 1.1 m/s d. 0.57 m/s 26. A 0.20-kg block rests on a
frictionless level surface and is attached to a horizontally aligned spring with a spring constant
of 40 N/m. The block is initially displaced 4.0 cm from the equilibrium point and then released
to set up a simple harmonic motion. A frictional force of 0.3 N exists between the block
and surface. What is the speed of the block when it passes through the equilibrium point after
being released from the 4.0-cm displacement point? a. 0.45 m/s b. 0.63 m/s c. 0.80 m/s d. 1.2
m/s 162 Chapter 13, Vibrations and Waves 27. The oxygen molecule (O2) may be regarded as
two masses connected by a spring. In vibrational motion, each oxygen atom alternately
approaches, then moves away from the center of mass of the system. If each oxygen atom of
mass m = 2.67 × 10−26 kg has a vibrational energy of 1.6 × 10−21 J and the effective spring
constant is 50 N/m, then what is the amplitude of oscillation of each oxygen atom? a. 3.2 ×
10−11 m b. 1.6 × 10−11 m c. 1.1 × 10−11 m d. 8.0 × 10−12 m 28. A mass on a spring vibrates
in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.0 Hz and an amplitude of 4.0 cm. If a timer is
started when its displacement is a maximum (hence x = 4 cm when t = 0), what is the speed of
the mass when t = 3 s? a. zero b. 0.006 5 m/s c. 0.015 m/s d. 0.024 m/s 29. A mass on a
spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.0 Hz and an amplitude of 4.0 cm.
If a timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence x = 4 cm when t = 0), what is
the acceleration magnitude when t = 3 s? a. zero b. 8.13 m/s 2 c. 14.3 m/s 2 d. 25.3 m/s 2 30. A
mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.0 Hz and an amplitude
of 8.0 cm. If a timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence x = 8 cm when t = 0),
what is the displacement of the mass when t = 3.7 s? a. zero b.
0.025 m c. 0.036 m d. 0.080 m 31. A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a
frequency of 4.0 Hz and an amplitude of 8.0 cm. If the mass of the object is 0.20 kg, what is the
spring constant? a. 40 N/m b. 87 N/m c. 126 N/m d. 160 N/m 163 Chapter 13, Vibrations and
Waves 32. A simple pendulum has a period of 2.0 s. What is the pendulum length? (g = 9.8 m/s
2 ) a. 0.36 m b. 0.78 m c. 0.99 m d. 2.4
m 33. A traveling wave train has wavelength 0.50 m, speed 20 m/s. Find the wave frequency. a.
0.025 Hz b. 20 Hz c. 40 Hz d. 10 Hz 34. A musical tone, sounded on a piano, has a frequency
of 410 Hz and a wavelength in air of 0.800 m. What is the wave speed? a. 170 m/s b. 235 m/s
c. 328 m/s d. 587 m/s 35. If a radio wave has speed 3.00 × 108 m/s and frequency 94.7 MHz,
what is its wavelength? a. 8.78 m b. 1.20 m c. 2.50 m d. 3.17 m 36. Tripling the tension in a
guitar string will result in changing the wave speed in the string by what factor? a. 0.58 b. 1.00
c. 1.73 d. 3.00 37. Tripling the mass per unit length of a guitar string will result in changing the
wave speed in the string by what factor? a. 0.58 b. 1.00 c. 1.73 d. 3.00 164 Chapter 13,
Vibrations and Waves 38. If a wave pulse is reflected from a free boundary, which of the
following choices best describes what happens to the reflected pulse? a. becomes inverted
b. remains upright c. halved in amplitude d. doubled in amplitude 39. An object moving in
simple harmonic motion has an amplitude of 0.020 m and a maximum acceleration of 40 m/s 2 .
What is the frequency of the system? a. 0.60 Hz b. 51 Hz c. 7.1 Hz d. 16 Hz 40. Suppose there
is an object for which F = +kx. What will happen if the object is moved away from equilibrium (x
= 0) and released? a. It will return to the equilibrium position. b. It will move further away with
constant velocity. c. It will move further away with constant acceleration. d. It will move further
away with increasing acceleration. 41. Which is not an example of approximate simple
harmonic motion? a. A ball bouncing on the floor. b. A child swinging on a swing. c. A piano
string that has been struck. d. A car's radio antenna as it waves back and forth. 42. For a wave
on the ocean, the amplitude is: a. the distance between crests. b. the height difference
between a crest and a trough. c. one half the height difference between a crest and a trough. d.
how far the wave goes up on the beach. 43. For a mass suspended on a spring in the vertical
direction, the time for one complete oscillation will depend on: a. the value for g (the
acceleration due to gravity). b. the distance the mass was originally pulled down. c. the
maximum speed of the oscillating mass. d. the time doesn’t depend on any of the above. 165
Chapter 13, Vibrations and Waves 44. Suppose a 0.3-kg mass on a spring that has been
compressed 0.10 m has elastic potential energy of 1 J. What is the spring constant? a. 10 N/m
b. 20 N/m c. 200 N/m d. 300 N/m 45. Suppose a 0.3-kg mass on a spring that has
been compressed 0.10 m has elastic potential energy of 1.0 J. How much further must the
spring be compressed to triple the elastic potential energy? a. 0.30 m b. 0.20 m c. 0.17 m d.
0.07 m 46. Suppose a 0.30-kg mass on a spring-loaded gun that has been compressed 0.10 m
has elastic potential energy of 1.0 J. How high above the spring's equilibrium point can the gun
fire the mass if the gun is fired straight up? a. 0.10 m b. 0.34 m c. 0.24 m d. 10 m 47. A simple
pendulum of length 1.00 m has a mass of 100 g attached. It is drawn back 30.0° and then
released. What is the maximum speed of the mass? a. 1.14 m/s b. 3.13 m/s c. 2.21 m/s d. 1.62
m/s 48. Consider the curve x = A sin(kt), with A > 0. At which point on the graph is it possible
that t = 0? a. Point t1 b. Point t2 c. Point t3 d. Point t4 -2 0 -1.6 0 4.68 t t1 t2 t3 t4 x 166 Chapter
13, Vibrations and Waves 49. As a gust of wind blows across a field of grain, a wave can
be seen to move across the field as the tops of the plants sway back and forth. This wave is a
a. transverse wave b. longitudinal wave c. polarized wave d. interference of waves 50.
Consider the curve f(x) = A cos(2πx/λ).The wavelength of the wave will be a. the distance 0 to
A. x b. twice the distance 0 to A. x x x o c. the distance x2 to x3. 1 2 3 A d. twice the distance
x2 to x3. 51. Consider two identical and symmetrical wave pulses on a string. Suppose the first
pulse reaches the fixed end of the string and is reflected back and then meets the second
pulse. When the two pulses overlap exactly, the superposition
principle predicts that the amplitude of the resultant pulses, at that moment, will be what factor
times the amplitude of one of the original pulses? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 4 52. An ore car of mass 4
000 kg rolls downhill on tracks from a mine. At the end of the tracks, 10.0 m lower in elevation,
is a spring with k = 400 000 N/m. How much is the spring compressed in stopping the ore car?
Ignore friction. a. 0.14 m b. 0.56 m c. 1.40 m d. 1.96 m 53. Bats can detect small objects such
as insects that are of a size approximately that of one wavelength. If bats emit a chirp at a
frequency of 60 kHz, and the speed of sound waves in air is 330 m/s, what is the smallest size
insect they can detect? a. 1.5 mm b. 3.5 mm c. 5.5 mm d. 7.5 mm 167 Chapter 13, Vibrations
and Waves 54. Waves propagate at 8.0 m/s along a stretched string. The end of the string is
vibrated up and down once every 1.5 s. What is the wavelength of the waves that travel along
the string? a. 3.0 m b. 12 m c. 6.0 m d. 5.3 m 55. A 2.0-m long piano string of mass 10 g is
under a tension of 338 N. Find the speed with which a wave travels on this string. a. 130 m/s b.
260 m/s c. 520 m/s d. 1 040 m/s 56. Transverse waves travel with a speed of 200 m/s along a
taut copper wire that has a diameter of 1.50 mm. What is the tension in the wire? (The density
of copper is 8.93 g/cm3 .) a. 1 890 N b. 1 260 N c. 631 N d. 315 N 57. An earthquake emits
both P-waves and S-waves that travel at different speeds through the Earth. A P-wave travels
at 8 000 m/s and an S-wave at 4 000 m/s. If P-waves are received at a seismic station 30.0 s
before an S-wave arrives, how far is the station from the earthquake center? a. 2 420 km b. 1
210 km c. 240 km d. 120 km 58. The motion of a piston in an automobile engine is nearly
simple harmonic. If the 1-kg piston travels back and forth over a total distance of 10.0 cm, what
is its maximum speed when the engine is running at 3 000 rpm? a. 31.4 m/s b. 15.7 m/s c. 7.85
m/s d. 3.93 m/s 168 Chapter 13, Vibrations and Waves 59. A simple pendulum has a mass of
0.25 kg and a length of 1.0 m. It is displaced through an angle of 30° and then released. After
a time, the maximum angle of swing is only 10°. How much energy has been lost to friction? a.
0.29 J b. 0.65 J c. 0.80 J d. 1.0 J 60. A car with bad shocks bounces up and down with a
period of 1.50 s after hitting a bump. The car has a mass of 1 500 kg and is supported by four
springs of force constant k. What is k for each spring? a. 6 580 N/m b. 5 850 N/m c. 4 440 N/m
d. 3 630 N/m 61. Which of the following is an example of a longitudinal wave? a. sound wave in
air b. wave traveling in a string c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 62. For a wave traveling in a
string, by what factor would the tension need to be increased to double the wave speed? a. 1.4
b. 2.0 c. 4.0 d. 16 63. A wave is traveling in a string at 60 m/s. When the tension is then
increased 20%, what will be the resulting wave speed: a. also 60 m/s b. 66 m/s c. 72 m/s d. 55
m/s 64. A wave travels in a string at 60 m/s. A second string of 20% greater linear density has
the same tension applied as in the first string. What will be the resulting wave speed in the
second string? a. also 60 m/s b. 66 m/s c. 72 m/s d. 55 m/s 169 Chapter 13, Vibrations and
Waves 65. Three identical springs each have the same spring constant k. If these three springs
are attached end to end forming a spring three times the length of one of the original springs,
what will be the spring constant of the combination? a. k b. 3 k c. k/3 d. 1.73 k 66. A string is
strung horizontally with a fixed tension. A wave of frequency 100 Hz is sent along the string,
and it has a wave speed of 50.0 m/s. Then a second wave, one of frequency 200 Hz, is sent
along the string. What is the wave speed of the second wave? a. 25.0 m/s b. 50.0 m/s c. 70.7
m/s d. 100 m/s 170 Chapter 13, Vibrations and Waves CHAPTER 13 - ANSWERS # Ans
Difficulty # Ans Difficulty 1. B 1 34. C 1 2. D 1 35. D 1 3. C 1 36. C 2 4. C 2 37. A 2 5. B 2 38. B
1 6. A 1 39. C 2 7. C 2 40. D 2 8. B 1 41. A 1 9. C 2 42. C 1 10. D 1 43. D 2 11. C 1 44. C 2 12.
C 1 45. D 2 13. B 2 46. C 2 14. D 2 47. D 2 15. D 2 48. C 1 16. B 1 49. B 1 17. D 1 50. D 1 18.
A 1 51. A 2 19. D 1 52. C 2 20. C 3 53. C 2 21. B 2 54. B 2 22. D 2 55. B 2 23. A 2 56. C 3 24.
B 3 57. C 2 25. D 2 58. B 3 26. A 3 59. A 3 27. D 2 60. A 2 28. A 2 61. A 1 29. D 2 62. C 2 30.
B 2 63. B 3 31. C 2 64. D 3 32. C 2 65. C 2 33. C 1 66. B 2 171
Chapter 8, Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics CHAPTER 8 3. If a net torque is
applied to an object, that object will experience: a. a constant angular speed b. an angular
acceleration c. a constant moment of inertia d. an increasing moment of inertia 4. According to
Newton’s second law, the angular acceleration experienced by an object is directly proportional
to: a. its moment of inertia b. the net applied torque c. the object’s size d. choices a and b
above are both valid 6. A ventilation fan with a moment of inertia of 0.034 kg⋅m2 has a net
torque of 0.11 N⋅m applied to it. If it starts from rest, what angular momentum will it have 8.0 s
later? a. 0.88 kg⋅m2 /s b. 0.97 kg⋅m2 /s c. 2.0 kg⋅m2 /s d. 3.25 kg⋅m2 /s 7. A ventilation fan with
a moment of inertia of 0.034 kg⋅m2 has a net torque of 0.11 N⋅m applied to it. If it starts from
rest, what kinetic energy will it have 8.0 s later? a. 31 J b. 17 J c. 11 J d. 6.6 J 8. A disk has a
moment of inertia of 3.0 × 10−4 kg⋅m2 and rotates with an angular speed of 3.5 rad/sec. What
net torque must be applied to bring it to rest within 3 s? a. 4.5 × 10−3 N⋅m b. 7.5 × 10−4 N⋅m c.
3.5 × 10−4 N⋅m d. 5.0 × 10−4 N⋅m 89 Chapter 8, Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational
Dynamics 9. A figure skater with arms initially extended starts spinning on the ice at 3 rad/s.
She then pulls her arms in close to her body. Which of the following results? a. a smaller
rotational rate b. a greater rotational rate c. a greater angular momentum d. a smaller angular
momentum 10. The total kinetic energy of a baseball thrown with a spinning motion is a
function of: a. its linear speed but not rotational speed b. its rotational speed but not linear
speed c. both linear and rotational speeds d. neither linear nor rotational speed 11. The Earth
moves about the Sun in an elliptical orbit. As the Earth moves closer to the Sun, which of
the following best describes the Earth-Sun system’s moment of inertia? a. decreases b.
increases c. remains constant d. none of the above choices are valid 12. A bowling ball has a
mass of 7.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 2.8 × 10−2 kg⋅m2 and a radius of 0.10 m. If it rolls down
the lane without slipping at a linear speed of 4.0 m/s, what is its angular speed? a. 0.80 rad/s b.
10 rad/s c. 0.050 rad/s d. 40 rad/s 13. A bowling ball has a mass of 7.0 kg, a moment of inertia
of 2.8 × 10−2 kg⋅m2 and a radius of 0.10 m. If it rolls down the lane without slipping at a linear
speed of 4.0 m/s, what is its total kinetic energy? a. 45 J b. 32 J c. 11 J d. 78 J 90 Chapter 8,
Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics 15. A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching
arm. He tosses a 0.15-kg ball using only the rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to
accelerate the ball. What is the moment of inertia of the ball alone as it moves in a circular
arc with a radius of 0.32 m? a. 1.5 × 10−2 kg⋅m2 b. 16 × 10−2 kg⋅m2 c. 4.0 × 10−2 kg⋅m2 d.
7.6 × 10−2 kg⋅m2 16. A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.15-kg ball
using only the rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. If the ball starts at
rest and is released with a speed of 12 m/s in a time of 0.40 s, what torque is applied to the ball
while being held by the pitcher’s hand to produce the angular acceleration? a. 1.1 N⋅m b. 11
N⋅m c. 7.2 N⋅m d. 1.4 N⋅m 18. A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope,
which in turn is wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. A crank with a
turning radius of 0.25 m is attached to the end of the cylinder. What minimum force directed
perpendicular to the crank handle is required to raise the bucket? (Assume the rope’s mass is
negligible, that cylinder turns on frictionless bearings, and that g = 9.8 m/s 2 .) a. 45 N b. 68 N
c. 90 N d. 135 N 19. A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn
is wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. A crank with a turning radius of
0.25 m is attached to the end of the cylinder and the moment of inertia of cylinder and crank is
0.12 kg⋅m2 . If the bucket is raised to the top of the well and released, what is the acceleration
of the bucket as it falls toward the bottom of the well? (Assume rope’s mass is negligible, that
cylinder turns on frictionless bearings and that g = 9.8 m/s 2 .) a. 3.2 m/s 2 b. 6.3 m/s 2 c. 7.4
m/s 2 d. 9.8 m/s 2 20. A bucket of water
with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is wound around a 0.050-m radius
cylinder at the top of a well. The bucket is raised to the top of the well and released. The bucket
is moving with a speed of 8.0 m/s upon hitting the water surface in the well. What is the angular
speed of the cylinder at this instant? a. 39 rad/s b. 79 rad/s 91 Chapter 8, Rotational
Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics c. 120 rad/s d. 160 rad/s 92 Chapter 8, Rotational
Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics 21. A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to
a rope, which in turn is wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder, with crank, at the top of a well.
The moment of inertia of the cylinder and crank is 0.12 kg⋅m2 . The bucket is raised to the top
of the well and released to fall back into the well. What is the kinetic energy of the cylinder and
crank at the instant the bucket is moving with a speed of 8.0 m/s? a. 2.1 × 103 J b. 1.5 × 103 J
c. 0.70 × 103 J d. 0.40 × 103 J 22. A solid sphere of mass 4.0 kg and radius 0.12 m is at rest at
the top of a ramp inclined 15°. It rolls to the bottom without slipping. The upper end of the ramp
is 1.2 m higher than the lower end. Find the sphere’s total kinetic energy when it reaches the
bottom. a. 70 J b. 47 J c. 18 J d. 8.8 J 23. A solid sphere of mass 4.0 kg and radius 0.12 m
starts from rest at the top of a ramp inclined 15°, and rolls to the bottom. The upper end of the
ramp is 1.2 m higher than the lower end. What is the linear speed of the sphere when it
reaches the bottom of the ramp? (Note: I = 0.4MR2 for a solid sphere and g = 9.8 m/s 2 ) a. 4.7
m/s b. 4.1 m/s c. 3.4 m/s d. 2.4 m/s 24. A solid cylinder of mass 3.0 kg and radius 0.2 m starts
from rest at the top of a ramp, inclined 15°, and rolls to the bottom without slipping. (For a
cylinder I = 0.5MR2 ) The upper end of the ramp is 1.2 m higher than the lower end. Find the
linear speed of the cylinder when it reaches the bottom of the ramp. (g = 9.8 m/s 2 ) a. 4.7 m/s
b. 4.3 m/s c. 4.0 m/s d. 2.4 m/s 27. An ice skater spins at 2.5 rev/s when his arms are extended.
He draws his arms in and spins at 6.0 rev/s. By what factor does his moment of inertia change
in the process? a. 2.4 b. 1.0 c. 0.42 d. 0.12 93 Chapter 8, Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational
Dynamics 28. A figure skater on ice with arms extended, spins at a rate of 2.5 rev/s. After he
draws his arms in, he spins at 6.0 rev/s. By what factor does the skater’s kinetic energy change
when he draws his arms in? a. 2.4 b. 1.0 c. 0.42 d. 0.12 32. A cylinder with its mass
concentrated toward the center has a moment of inertia of 0.1 MR2 . If this cylinder is rolling
without slipping along a level surface with a linear speed v, what is the ratio of its rotational
kinetic energy to its linear kinetic energy? a. 1/l0 b. 1/5 c. 1/2 d. 1/1 33. A solid sphere with
mass, M, and radius, R, rolls along a level surface without slipping with a linear speed, v. What
is the ratio of rotational to linear kinetic energy? (For a solid sphere, I = 0.4 MR2 ). a. 1/4 b. 1/2
c. 1/1 d. 2/5 34. A rotating flywheel can be used as a method to store energy. If it is required
that such a device be able to store up to a maximum of 1.00 × 106 J when rotating at 400
rad/s, what moment of inertia is required? a. 50 kg⋅m2 b. 25 kg⋅m2 c. 12.5 kg⋅m2 d. 6.3 kg⋅m2
35. A rotating flywheel can be used as a method to store energy. If it has 1.0 × 106 J of kinetic
energy when rotating at 400 rad/s, and if a frictional torque of 4.0 N⋅m acts on the system, in
what interval of time would the flywheel come to rest? a. 3.5 min b. 7.0 min c. 14 min d. 21 min
94 Chapter 8, Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics 39. A cylinder (I = MR2 /2) is
rolling along the ground at 7.0 m/s. It comes to a hill and starts going up. Assuming no losses
to friction, how high does it get before it stops? a. 1.2 m b. 3.7 m c. 4.2 m d. 5.9 m 40. A solid
cylinder (I = MR2 /2) has a string wrapped around it many times. When I release the cylinder,
holding on to the string, the cylinder falls and spins as the string unwinds. What is
the downward acceleration of the cylinder as it falls? a. 0 b. 4.9 m/s 2 c. 6.5 m/s 2 d. 9.8 m/s 2
41. The Earth’s gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical orbit.
Compare the motion at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to the motion at the point farthest
from the Earth (apogee). At these two points: a. the tangential velocities are the same. b. the
angular velocities are the same. c. the angular momentum is the same. d. the kinetic energies
are the same. 42. The Earth’s gravity exerts no
torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical orbit. Compare the motion at the point
nearest the Earth (perigee) to the motion at the point farthest from the Earth (apogee). At the
point closest to the Earth: a. the angular speed will be greatest although the linear speed will
be the same. b. the speed will be greatest although the angular speed will be the same. c. the
kinetic energy and angular momentum will both be greater. d. none of the above. 95 Chapter 8,
Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics 48. An astronaut is on a 100-m lifeline outside
a spaceship, circling the ship with an angular speed of 0.100 rad/s. How far inward can she be
pulled before the centripetal acceleration reaches 5g = 49 m/s 2 ? a. 10.1 m b. 50.0 m c. 72.7
m d. 89.9 m 49. A vault is opened by applying a force of 300 N perpendicular to the plane of
the door, 0.80 m from the hinges. Find torque due to this force about an axis through the
hinges. a. 120 N⋅m b. 240 N⋅m c. 300 N⋅m d. 360 N⋅m 50. A uniform bridge span weighs 50.0 ×
103 N and is 40.0 m long. An automobile weighing 15.0 × 103 N is parked with its center of
gravity located 12.0 m from the right pier. What upward support force does the left pier provide?
a. 29.5 × 103 N b. 35.5 × 103 N c. 65.0 × 103 N d. 32.5 × 103 N 51. Tasha has mass 20 kg
and wants to use a 4.0-m board of mass 10 kg as a seesaw. Her friends are busy, so Tasha
seesaws by herself by putting the support at the center of gravity when she sits on one end of
the board. How far is she from the support point? a. 2.0 m b. 1.0 m c. 0.67 m d. 0.33 m 52. An
80-kg man is one fourth of the way up a 10-m ladder that is resting against a smooth,
frictionless wall. If the ladder has a mass of 20 kg and it makes an angle of 60° with the ground,
find the force of friction of the ground on the foot of the ladder. a. 7.8 x 102 N b. 2.0 x 102 N c.
50 N d. 1.7 x 102 N 53. A 100-N uniform ladder, 8.0 m long, rests against a smooth
vertical wall. The coefficient of static friction between ladder and floor is 0.40. What minimum
angle can the ladder make with the floor before it slips? 96 Chapter 8, Rotational Equilibrium
and Rotational Dynamics a. 22° b. 51° c. 18° d. 42° 54. A meter stick is supported by a knife
edge at the 50-cm mark. Doug hangs masses of 0.40 and 0.60 kg from the 20-cm and 80-cm
marks, respectively. Where should Doug hang a third mass of 0.30 kg to keep the stick
balanced? a. 20 cm b. 70 cm c. 30 cm d. 25 cm 55. An 800-N billboard worker stands on a 4.0-
m scaffold supported by vertical ropes at each end. If the scaffold weighs 500 N and the worker
stands 1.0 m from one end, what is the tension in the rope nearest the worker? a. 450 N b. 500
N c. 800 N d. 850 N 97 Chapter 8, Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics 56. An 800-
N billboard worker stands on a 4.0-m scaffold weighing 500 N and supported by vertical ropes
at each end. How far would the worker stand from one of the supporting ropes to produce a
tension of 550 N in that rope? a. 1.4 m b. 2.0 m c. 2.5 m d. 2.7 m 57. A woman who weighs 500
N stands on an 8.0-m-long board that weighs 100 N. The board is supported at each end. The
support force at the right end is 3 times the support force at the left end. How far from the right
end is the woman standing? a. 4.0 m b. 2.0 m c. 2.7 m d. 1.6 m 61. An object of radius R and
moment of inertia I rolls down an incline of height H after starting from rest. Its total kinetic
energy at the bottom of the incline a. is gR/I. b. is I/gH. c. is 0.5 Ig/H. d. cannot be found from
the given information alone. 62. A solid sphere rolls down an incline of height 3 m after starting
from rest. In order to calculate its speed at the bottom of the incline, one needs to know a. the
mass of the sphere. b. the radius of the sphere. c. the mass and the radius of the sphere. d. no
more than is given in the problem. 63. An object with mass m and moment of inertia I is
spinning with an angular momentum L. Its kinetic energy is a. 0.5 I 2 /L. b. 0.5 L2 /I. c. 0.5 L2
/m. d. 0.5 I 2 /m. 98 Chapter 8, Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics 65. An
object consists of a rod (of length 3.0 m and negligible moment of inertia) to which four small
2.0-kg masses are attached, one at each end and one at each point on the rod 1.0 m from each
end. (The masses are one meter apart.) The moment of inertia of this object about an axis
perpendicular to the rod and through one of the inner masses a. is 72 kg⋅m2 . b. is 12 kg⋅m2 .
c. is 4 kg⋅m2 . d. cannot be uniquely determined
 until it is stated which inner mass the axis goes through. 66. A uniform 1.0-N meter stick is
suspended horizontally by vertical strings attached at each end. A 2.0-N weight is suspended
from the 10-cm position on the stick, another 2.0-N weight is suspended from the 50 cm
position, and a 3.0-N weight is suspended from the 60 cm position. What is the tension is the
string attached at the 100-cm end of the stick? a. 1.9 N b. 3.0 N c. 3.5 N d. 4.0 N 99 Chapter 8,
Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics 100 CHAPTER 8 - ANSWERS # Ans Difficulty
# Ans Difficulty 1. C 1 35. D 2 2. B 1 36. B 3 3. B 1 37. B 2 4. B 1 38. C 2 5. C 1 39. B 2 6. A 1
40. C 3 7. C 2 41. C 2 8. C 2 42. D 2 9. B 1 43. D 3 10. C 1 44. C 2 11. A 1 45. B 2 12. D 2 46.
A 2 13. D 2 47. C 2 14. B 2 48. C 3 15. A 2 49. B 2 16. D 2 50. A 2 17. C 2 51. C 2 18. A 3 52.
D 3 19. A 3 53. B 3 20. D 3 54. C 2 21. B 3 55. D 2 22. B 2 56. C 2 23. B 3 57. D 2 24. C 3 58.
C 2 25. D 2 59. B 2 26. B 2 60. B 3 27. C 1 61. D 2 28. A 2 62. D 2 29. B 2 63. B 1 30. B 2 64.
B 1 31. A 3 65. B 3 32. A 2 66. C 2 33. D 2 67. C 2 34. C 2 68. B 3

Find the final equilibrium temperature when 20.0 g of milk at 10.0°C is added to 160
g of coffee at 85.0°C. (Assume the specific heats of coffee and milk are the same as
water and neglect the heat capacity of the container.) c = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C = 4186
water

J/kg⋅°C 76.7°C
A uniform rod of length L and mass M is pivoted about one end. Attached to the rod
is a mass M at its midpoint and at the end opposite the pivot is another mass M.
What is the moment of inertia of this configuration about the pivot?
19 ml
A Venturi tube may be used as the inlet to an automobile carburetor. If the inlet
pipe of 2.0 cm diameter narrows to 1.0 cm diameter, what is the pressure drop in
the constricted section for airflow of 3.5 m/s in the 2-cm section? (Assume air
density is 1.25 kg/m .) 115 Pa
3

An ore car of mass 2000 kg rolls downhill on tracks from a mine. At the end of the
tracks, 10.0 m lower in elevation, is a spring with k = 400,000 N/m. How much is the
spring compressed in stopping the ore car? Ignore friction.
1.96 m
0.14 m
0.99 m
A mass of 4.0 kg, resting on a horizontal, frictionless surface, is attached on the right to
a horizontal spring with spring constant 30 N/m and on the left to a horizontal spring
with spring constant 50 N/m. If this system is moved from equilibrium, what is the
effective spring constant?
80 N/m
−20 N/m
16 N/m
How much heat energy is required to vaporize a 5.0-g ice cube at 0°C? The heat of
fusion of ice is 80 cal/g. The heat of vaporization of water is 540 cal/g, and c = 1.00
water

cal/g⋅°C. 3,600 cal

 A puddle holds 190 g of water. If 1.1 g of water evaporates from the surface, what
is the approximate temperature change of the remaining water? (L = 540 cal/g)
v

−3.1 C°

If a 1,000-kg car was moving at 30 m/s, what would be its kinetic energy expressed in
the unusual (for kinetic energy) units of calories? (1 cal = 4.186 J)
1.1 × 10 5

4.5 × 10 5

0.4 × 10 4

An ice skater spins at 3.5 rev/s with his arms are extended. He draws his arms
in and spins at 8.3 rev/s. By what factor does his moment of inertia change in
the process? 0.42
The bulk modulus of a material, as a meaningful physical property, is applicable to
which of the following?
only solids
solids, liquids and gases
only gases
A solid sphere, a solid cylinder, and a hoop each have the same mass and radius. If
they are spinning at the same angular velocity, which one has the greatest angular
momentum? the hoop
The quantity "angular momentum" (in terms of the fundamental quantities of
mass, length, and time) is equivalent to:
ML T
2 −1

A bucket in an old well is hoisted upward by a rope which winds up on a cylinder

having a radius of 0.05 m. How many rev/s must the cylinder turn if the bucket is
raised at a speed of 0.25 m/s?
0.80 rev/s
A simple pendulum has a period of 1.0 s. What is the pendulum length? (g = 9.8
m/s ) 0.25 m
2

A person has a thermal conductivity of 0.18 W/m·K between his inner core and his
skin with an effective shell thickness of 1.6 cm between his core and skin. If his
inner core is at the normal 98.6°F, and his skin has a surface area of 1.62 m , what
2

will be his rate of

loss of thermal energy due to conduction through his skin if his skin
temperature is 26.0°C?
200 W
A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right
angles to make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.90 m long and each ball on the
end is 0.20 kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of inertia if the
arrangement is spun around an axis through the center perpendicular to both
rods?
0.16 kg·m 2

A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.025 rad/s .
2

What is the time interval required for it to reach a 10-rad displacement after
starting from rest? 28 s
A rotating flywheel can be used as a method to store energy. If it is required that
such a device be able to store up to a maximum of 2.00 × 10 J when rotating at
6

400 rad/s, what moment of inertia is required?

6.3 kgm 2

25 kgm 2

50 kgm 2

A meter stick is hinged at its lower end and allowed to fall from a vertical position. If
its moment of inertia is ML /3, with what angular speed does it hit the table? 5.42
2

rad/s
A uniform solid sphere rolls down an incline of height 3 m after starting from rest.
In order to calculate its speed at the bottom of the incline, one needs to know:
no more than is given in the problem.
As ice floats in water, about 10% of the ice floats above the surface of the water.
If we float some ice in a glass of water, what will happen to the water level as the
ice melts? The water level will remain unchanged.
The water level will become lower.
The water level will rise, but not as much as the 10% indicated in answer a. Carly
places one end of a steel bar in a Bunsen flame and the other end in an ice cube.
By what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the bar's cross-sectional area
is doubled?
2Calculate the linear speed due to the Earth's rotation for a person at a point on its

surface located at 60 N latitude. The radius of the Earth is 6.40 × 10 m.

o 6

116 m/s
233 m/s
838 m/s
A bucket in an old well is hoisted upward by a rope which winds up on a cylinder
having a radius of 0.050 m. How many rev/s must the cylinder turn if the bucket is
raised at a speed of 0.20 m/s?
0.64 rev/s
The position of a 0.64-kg mass undergoing simple harmonic motion is given by x =
(0.120 m) cos (πt/16). What is the maximum net force on the mass as it
oscillates? 3.0 × 10 N
−3

At a pressure of 1 atmosphere a column of mercury in a barometer is supported

to the height h = 0.76 m. The density of mercury is 13.6 × 10 kg/m . A barometer
3 3

of similar design filled with water would support a column of water how high at a
pressure of 1 atmosphere?
more than ten times h
A hole is poked through the metal side of a drum holding water. The hole is 19 cm
below the water surface. What is the initial speed of outflow?
1.9 m/s
0.6 m/s
3.7 m/s
1.4 m/s
A Boeing-737 airliner has a mass of 20 300 kg. The total area of the wings is 105
m . What must be the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the
2

wings to keep the airplane up?

1 895 Pa
The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical
orbit. Compare the motion at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to the motion at
the point farthest from the Earth (apogee). At the point closest to the Earth:
None of the above.
Of the planets with atmospheres, which is the warmest?
Venus
A 0.300-kg object is swung in a circular path and in a vertical plane on a 0.500-m
length string. If the angular speed at the bottom is 8.00 rad/s, what is the tension in
the string when the object is at the bottom of the circle?
12.54 N
A 3.0-m rod is pivoted about its left end. A force of 10 N is applied perpendicular to
the rod at a distance of 1.2 m from the pivot causing a ccw torque, and a force of
5.2 N is applied at the end of the rod 3.0 m from the pivot. The 5.2-N force is at an
angle of 30 to the rod and causes a cw torque. What is the net torque about the
o

pivot? (Take ccw as positive.)

−4.2 N·m
18 N·m
−18 N·m
4.2 N·m
A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.16 rad/s, accelerates over a
7.0-s interval at a rate of 0.050 rad/s . What is its angular speed after this 7.0-s
2

interval? 0.51 rad/s

0.85 rad/s
1.2 rad/s
Four identical springs each have the same spring constant k. If these four springs
are attached end to end forming a spring four times the length of one of the original
springs, what will be the spring constant of the combination?
K1.41k
4kk/4

A swimming pool heater has to be able to raise the temperature of the 50,000
gallons of water in the pool by 8.0 C°. How many kilowatt-hours of energy are
required? (One gallon of water has a mass of approximately 3.8 kg and the specific
heat of water is 4,186 J/kg⋅°C.)
1,770 kWh
A ventilation fan has blades 0.25 m in radius rotating at 30 rpm. What is the
tangential
speed of each blade tip?
0.79 m/s
Suppose a 0.30-kg mass on a spring-loaded gun that has been compressed 0.20
m has elastic potential energy of 1.0 J. How high above the spring's equilibrium
point can the gun fire the mass if the gun is fired straight up?
0.10 m
0.14 m
0.34 m
 A ping-pong ball has an average density of 0.0840 g/cm and a diameter of 3.80 cm.
3

What force would be required to keep the ball completely submerged under water?
0.258 N
Two children seat themselves on a seesaw. The one on the left has a weight of 400
N while the one on the right weighs 300 N. The fulcrum is at the midpoint of the
seesaw. If the child on the right is not at the end but is 1.50 m from the fulcrum and
the seesaw is balanced, what is the torque provided by the weight of the child on
the left? (Take ccw as positive.)
-450 N·m
450 N·m
A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right
angles to make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.90 m long and each ball on the
end is 0.20 kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of inertia if the
arrangement is spun around an axis formed by one of the batons?
0.32 kg·m 2

0.064 kg·m 2

0.081 kg·m 2

0.19 kg·m 2

By what factor must one change the weight suspended vertically from a spring
coil in order to double its period of simple harmonic motion?
4A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right

angles to make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.90 m long and each ball on the
end is 0.20 kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of inertia if the
arrangement is spun around an axis formed by one of the batons? 0.081 kg·m 2

0.32 kg·m 2

0.064 kg·m 2

By what factor must one change the weight suspended vertically from a spring
coil in order to double its period of simple harmonic motion?
4An 80.0-g piece of copper, initially at 290°C, is dropped into 200 g of water contained

in a 250-g aluminum calorimeter; the water and calorimeter are initially at 12.0°C.
What is the final temperature of the system? (Specific heats of copper and aluminum
are 0.092 0 and 0.215 cal/g⋅°C, respectively. c = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C)
w

31.2°C
36.2°C
A 6.0 kg mass in the xy plane is moving in the negative x direction at 3.0 m/s
along the line y = 4.0 m. As the mass passes the point (x, y = 10 m, 4.0 m), what
is its angular momentum with respect to the z axis?
72 SI units

A bus is designed to draw its power from a rotating flywheel that is brought up to
its maximum speed (3000 rpm) by an electric motor. The flywheel is a solid cylinder
of mass 250 kg and radius 0.500 m (I = MR /2). If the bus requires an average power
cylinder
2

of
10.0 kW, how long will the flywheel rotate?

154 s
A hoop, solid sphere, and solid cylinder each have the same mass and same radius.
When rolling down the same incline, which has the greatest torque from gravity on
it? They all have the same torque.
A figure skater with arms initially extended starts spinning on the ice at 3 rad/s. She
then pulls her arms in close to her body. Which of the following results?
a greater rotational rate
A non-uniform rod of length L and mass M is pivoted about one end. The moment
of inertia of this rod about its pivoted end is 1. Attached to the rod is a mass 3M
at its midpoint and at the end opposite the pivot is another mass 2M. What is the
moment of inertia of this configuration about the pivot?
3ml2
On a sunny day at the beach, the reason the sand gets so hot and the water stays
relatively cool is attributed to the difference in which property between water and
sand? specific heat
A 0.400-kg rock is swung in a circular path and in a vertical plane on a 0.5-m
length string. At the top of the path, the angular speed is 10.0 rad/s. What is the
tension in the string at that point?
39.2 N
23.92 N
16.08 N
76.08 N
A bank vault is opened by applying a force of 300 N perpendicular to the plane of
the door, 1.2 m from the hinges. Find the torque due to this force about an axis
through the hinges.
360 N·m
Perihelion, the near point to the Sun for the Earth in its orbit, occurs in January. In
which of the following months is the orbital angular momentum of the Earth the
greatest? None of the above answers is correct.
Inside a house, stepping on a tile floor barefooted may feel almost cold, but
stepping on carpet in an adjacent room feels comfortably warm. Why is this?
It's because the thermal conductivity of carpet is less than that of tile. A car with bad
shocks bounces up and down with a period of 1.50 s after hitting a bump. The car
has a mass of 1250 kg and is supported by four springs of force constant k. What is
k for each spring?
4440 N/m
5480 N/m
3630 N/m
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is
wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. The bucket is raised
to the top of the well and released. The bucket is moving with a speed of 6.0 m/s
upon hitting the water surface in the well. What is the angular speed of the
cylinder at this instant? 120 rad/s
79 rad/s
39 rad/s
A ceiling fan is turned on and reaches an angular speed of 110 rev/min in 15 s. It is
then turned off and coasts to a stop in an additional 45 s. The ratio of the average
angular acceleration for the first 15 s to that for the last 45 s is which of the
following? -3An object of mass m and moment of inertia I has rotational kinetic
energy KE . Its angular momentum is:
R

(2 IKE ) .
R
1/2

0.5 I/m.
(2 mKE ) .R
1/2

The flow rate of blood through the average human aorta, of radius 1.0 cm, is
about 90 cm /s. What is the speed of the blood flow through the aorta?
3

29 cm/s
A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.20-kg ball using
only the rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. What is
the moment of inertia of the ball alone as it moves in a circular arc with a radius
of 0.32 m? 4.0 × 10 kg·m −2 2

2.0 × 10 kg·m −2 2

1.5 × 10 kg·m −2 2

A uniform meterstick balances on a fulcrum placed at the 40-cm mark

when a weight W is placed at the 20-cm mark. What is the weight of the
meterstick? 2W
0.4W
W/2
A solid sphere and a solid cylinder both have the same radius and mass. If the
sphere is spun about an axis through it center with angular velocity , what angular
sphere

velocity must the cylinder have to the same rotational kinetic energy as the sphere?
Round your answer to 2 significant figures.
W cylinder = w sphere
W cylinder = 0.89 w sphere
W cylinder = 0.80 w sphere
A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 7.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0,
−4.0) m. What is the moment of inertia of this system of masses about the y
axis? 99 kg·m 2

Consider two steel rods, A and B. B has three times the area and twice the length of
A, so Young's modulus for B will be what factor times Young's modulus for A? 1.0
A uniform bridge span weighs 70.0 × 10 N and is 40.0 m long. An automobile
3

weighing 15.0 × 10 N is parked with its center of gravity located 12.0 m from the right
3

pier. What upward support force does the right pier provide?
24.5 × 10 N 3

65.0 × 10 N 3

45.5 × 10 N 3

A solid sphere of radius R is placed on an incline that makes an angle with

the horizontal. The sphere rolls down the incline without slipping. What is its
acceleration? 5/7 gsinO
The emissivity of an ideal reflector has which of the following values? 0A 3.0-m rod
is pivoted about its left end. A force of 20 N is applied perpendicular to the rod at a
distance of1.2 m from the pivot causing a ccw torque, and a force of 4.8 N
is applied at the end of the rod 3.0 m from the pivot. The 4.8-N force is at an angle
 of 30 to the rod and causes a cw torque. What is the net torque about the pivot?
o

(Take ccw as positive.)

-16.8 N·m
9.6 N·m
-31.2 N·m
16.8 N·m
What volume of water is displaced by a submerged 2.5-kg cylinder made of
solid aluminum? (aluminum density = 2.7 × 10 kg/m and water density = 1.0 × 10
3 3 3

kg/m ) 0.7 × 10 m
3 3 3

0.9 × 10 m 3 3

92.6 × 10 m −4 3

9.3 × 10 m −4 3

If heat is flowing from a table to a block of ice moving across the table, which of
the following must be true?
The ice is cooler than the table.
1400 rev/min is equivalent to which of the following?
147 rad/s
A simple pendulum of length 2.00 m has a mass of 100 g attached. It is drawn
back 30.0° and then released. What is the maximum speed of the mass?
1.14 m/s
1.62 m/s
2.29 m/s
By what factor is the total pressure greater at a depth of 890 m in water than at
the surface where pressure is one atmosphere? (water density = 1.0 × 10 3

kg/m , 1 atmosphere pressure = 1.01 × 10 N/m , and g = 9.8 m/s )

3 5 2 2

9869676Three disks have the same mass and the same total kinetic energy. Disk #1

has radius R, disk #2 has radius 2R, and disk #3 has radius 3R. Which one has
the h The all have the same v
Of the planets with atmospheres, which is the warmest?
Venus
Water is being sprayed from a nozzle at the end of a garden hose of diameter 2.5 cm.
If the nozzle has an opening of diameter 1.0 cm, and if the water leaves the nozzle
at a speed of 14 m/s, what is the speed of the water inside the hose?
3.24 m/s
also 14 m/s
87.5 m/s
2.24 m/s
How large a force is necessary to stretch a 1-mm-diameter steel wire (Y = 2.0 × 10 11

N/m ) by 10.0%?
2

31.4 × 10 N 4

A turntable has a moment of inertia of 3.0 × 10 kg·m and spins freely on a

−2 2

frictionless bearing at 25 rev/min. A 0.60-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically on the

turntable and sticks at a point 0.10 m from the center. By what factor does the
kinetic energy of the system change after the putty is dropped onto the turntable?
0.83
1.0
 1.5
Suppose a car has a 100,000 mile 10 year warranty on the wheels and axles of a car.
How may turns will the wheels of 0.80-m diameter make if both the mileage and
time warranties run out simultaneously and
6.4 x 10^7, 1.3 rads
6.4 x 10^7, 0.2rads

In a large tank of liquid, the hydrostatic pressure at a given depth is a

function of: depth.
surface area.
Choices a and c are both valid.
A meterstick is supported by a knife-edge at the 50-cm mark. Doug hangs masses of
0.40
and 0.60 kg from the 35-cm and 80-cm marks, respectively. Where should Doug
hang a third mass of 0.30 kg to keep the stick balanced?
10 cm
30 cm
70 cm
A 0.2-kg aluminum plate, initially at 20°C, slides down a 15-m-long surface, inclined at a 27°
angle to the horizontal. The force of kinetic friction exactly balances the component
of gravity down the plane so that the plate, once started, glides down at constant velocity.
If 90% of the mechanical energy of the system is absorbed by the aluminum, what is
its temperature increase at the bottom of the incline? (Specific heat for aluminum is
900 J/kg⋅°C.)
0.07 C

The torque caused by a force F applied at a distance r from the axis of rotation, is given
by τ = rFsinθ, where θ is the angle between and . If the magnitudes r and F remain the
same, what other angle θ' will produce the same torque as was produced at angle θ if
θ was less than 90°?
θ' = 180° - θ

Carbon dioxide and water molecules in the atmosphere will absorb:

infrared light.

A person has a thermal conductivity of 0.18 W/m·K between his inner core and his skin
with an effective shell thickness of 1.6 cm between his core and skin. If his inner core is
at the normal 98.6°F, and his skin has a surface area of 1.62 m , what will be his rate of
2

loss of thermal energy due to conduction through his skin if his skin temperature is
26.0°C?
200 W

A 0.40-m radius automobile tire accelerates from rest at a constant 4.0 rad/s over a 10.0
2

s interval. What is the tangential component of acceleration for a point on the outer
edge of the tire during the 10.0-s interval?
1.6 m/s 2
A solar heating system has a 25.0% conversion efficiency; the solar radiation incident on
the panels is 950 W/m . What is the increase in temperature of 26.0 kg of water in a 1.00-h
2

period by a 3.00-m -area collector? (c = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)

2
w

23.6°C

By what factor must one change the weight suspended vertically from a spring coil in
order to double its period of simple harmonic motion?
4
Two children seat themselves on a seesaw. The one on the left has a weight of 400 N
while the one on the right weighs 300 N. The fulcrum is at the midpoint of the seesaw.
If the child on the right is not at the end but is 2.00 m from the fulcrum and the seesaw
is balanced, what is the torque provided by the weight of the child on the left? (Take
ccw as positive.)
600 N·m

When an object is moving in simple harmonic motion, which of the following is at

a minimum when the displacement from equilibrium is zero?
the magnitude of the acceleration
A 0.20-m radius grinding wheel starts at rest and develops an angular speed of 9 rad/s in 3
s. What is the average tangential acceleration of a point on the wheel's edge? 0.6 m/s 2

A ceiling fan is turned on and reaches an angular speed of 120 rev/min in 20 s. It is then
turned off and coasts to a stop in an additional 60 s. The ratio of the average angular
acceleration for the first 20 s to that for the last 60 s is which of the following?

-3
3

In an elastic solid there is a direct proportionality between strain and:

Stress

A 0.20-m radius grinding wheel starts at rest and develops an angular speed of 9 rad/s
in 3 s. What is the average tangential acceleration of a point on the wheel's edge? 0.6
m/s 2

The pressure inside a commercial airliner is maintained at 1.00 atm (10 Pa). What is
5

the net outward force exerted on a 1.0 m × 2.0 m cabin door if the outside pressure is
0.30 atm? 140 000 N
Twenty grams of a solid at 70°C is place in 100 grams of a fluid at 20°C.
Thermal equilibrium is reached at 30°C. The specific heat of the solid:
is less than that of the fluid.
is more than that of the fluid.
is equal to that of the fluid.
The quantity "stress" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time)
is equivalent to:
ML T . −1 −2

A copper wire of length 2.0 m, cross sectional area 7.1 × 10 m and Young's
−6 2

modulus 11 × 10 N/m has a 180-kg load hung on it. What is its increase in length? (g =
10 2

9.8 m/s ) 4.5 mm 2

A meterstick is supported by a knife-edge at the 50-cm mark. Doug hangs masses of 0.40
and 0.60 kg from the 35-cm and 80-cm marks, respectively. Where should Doug hang a
third mass of 0.30 kg to keep the stick balanced?
10 cm
Which of the first units given below can be units for angular acceleration while the second
units can be units for angular velocity?

Rad/s^2,deg/hour
A circular disk is rotating about a central axis with an angular velocity which is increasing
at a constant rate. Point 1 on the dis
Ac2/ac1
A2/a1
W3/w1
A solid cylinder of mass 3.0 kg and radius 0.2 m starts from rest at the top of a ramp,
inclined 15°, and rolls to the bottom without slipping. (For a cylinder I = 0.5MR .) The 2

upper end of the ramp is 1.5 m higher than the lower end. Find the linear speed of the
cylinder when it reaches the bottom of the ramp. (g = 9.8 m/s ) 2

2.4 m/s
4.4 m/s
4.0 m/s

A 0.20-m radius grinding wheel starts at rest and develops an angular speed of 9 rad/s in 3
s. What is the average tangential acceleration of a point on the wheel's edge?
0.6 m/s2

1300 rev/min is equivalent to which of the following?

136 rad/s
A hoop, a solid sphere, and a solid cylinder each have the same mass, radius, and initial
speed and are going up the same inclined plane. Which one goes the farthest?
the hoop
Iced tea is made by adding ice to 1.7 kg of hot tea, initially at 80°C. How many kg of
ice, initially at 0°C, are required to bring the mixture to 10°C? (L = 3.33 × 10 J/kg, c =
f
5
w

4 186 J/kg⋅°C)
1.3 kg
A cube of wood of density 0.78 g/cm3 is 10 cm on a side. When placed in water, what
height of theblock will float above the surface? (water density = 1.00 g/cm3)2.2 cm
What are the base SI units for the torsion constant
Kg*m2/s2
The surfaces of a Dewar flask are silvered for the purpose of minimizing heat transfer
by what process?
Radiation
A uniform pressure of 8.1 × 10 N/m is applied to all six sides of a copper cube. What is
5 2

the percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper, B = 14 × 10 N/m ) 10 2

0.6 × 10 % −3

A person has a thermal conductivity of 0.18 W/m·K between his inner core and his skin
with an effective shell thickness of 1.6 cm between his core and skin. If his inner core is
at the normal 98.6°F, and his skin has a surface area of 1.62 m , what will be his rate of
2

loss of thermal energy due to conduction through his skin if his skin temperature is
26.0°C?
200 W
 Water (density = 1 × 10 kg/m ) flows at 10 m/s through a pipe with radius 0.025 m. The
3 3

pipe goes up to the second floor of the building, 2.5 m higher, and the pressure
remains unchanged. What is the radius of the pipe on the second floor?
0.03 m
A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.500 rad/s, accelerates over a 7.00-
s interval at a rate of 0.0500 rad/s . What angular displacement does the Ferris
2

wheel undergo in this 7.00-s interval?

4.73 rad
A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 7.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, −4.0) m. What
is the moment of inertia of this system of masses about the y axis?
99 kg·m 2

The motion of a piston in an automobile engine is nearly simple harmonic. If the 1-kg
piston travels back and forth over a distance of 12.0 cm, what is its maximum speed
when the engine is running at 3000 rpm?
44.0m/s
4.71 m/s
22.0 m/s
In a large tank of liquid, the hydrostatic pressure at a given depth is a
function of: depth.

surface area.
Choices a and c are both valid.
A 200-N uniform ladder, 12.0 m long, rests against a smooth vertical wall. The coefficient
of static friction between ladder and floor is 0.35. What minimum angle can the
ladder make with the floor before it slips?
55°
A heavily loaded boat is floating in a pond. The boat starts to sink because of a leak but quick
action plugging the leak stops the boat from going under although it is now deeper in
the water. What happens to the surface level of the pond?
It stays the same.
A 0.40-kg object, attached to a spring with spring constant k = 10 N/m, is moving on
a horizontal, frictionless surface in simple harmonic motion of amplitude of 0.080 m.
What is its speed at the instant when its displacement is 0.040 m? (Hint: Use
conservation of energy.)
35 cm/s

A turntable has a moment of inertia of 3.0 × 10 kg·m and spins freely on a

−2 2

frictionless bearing at 25 rev/min. A 0.60-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically on the

turntable and sticks at a point 0.10 m from the center. By what factor does the kinetic
energy of the system change after the putty is dropped onto the turntable?
0.83
The use of fiberglass insulation in the outer walls of a building is intended to minimize
heat transfer through the wall by what process?
Conduction
A meterstick is supported by a knife-edge at the 50-cm mark. Doug hangs masses of 0.40
and 0.60 kg from the 35-cm and 80-cm marks, respectively. Where should Doug hang a
third mass of 0.30 kg to keep the stick balanced?
10 cm
Which state of matter is associated with the very highest of
temperatures? plasma
 A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.16 rad/s, accelerates over a
7.0-s interval at a rate of 0.050 rad/s . What is its angular speed after this 7.0-s
2

interval? 0.51 rad/s

A fluid has a density of 1 040 kg/m . If it rises to a height of 1.8 cm in a 2.0-mm
3

diameter capillary tube, what is the surface tension of the liquid? Assume a contact
angle of zero 0.092 N/m
A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.0 Hz and
an amplitude of 4.0 cm. If a timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence
x = 4 cm when t = 0), what is the speed of the mass when t = 5 s?
zero
Consider two steel rods, A and B. B has three times the area and twice the length of
A, so Young's modulus for B will be what factor times Young's modulus for A? 1.0
A solid rock, suspended in air by a spring scale, has a measured mass of 8.00 kg. When
the rock is submerged in water, the scale reads 3.20 kg. What is the density of the
rock? (water density = 1 000 kg/m ) 3

1.67 × 10 kg/m
3 3

Which of the following involves the greatest heat transfer?

One gram of steam at 100°C changing to water at 100°C

The Garfield Thomas water tunnel at Pennsylvania State University has a circular cross
section that constricts from a diameter of 3.6 m to the test section, which is 1.2 m
in diameter. If the speed of flow is 4.0 m/s in the large-diameter pipe, determine the
speed of flow in the test section.
36 m/s
A box slides down a frictionless incline, and a hoop rolls down another incline. Both
inclines have the same height, and both the box and the hoop have the same mass. If
both objects start from rest, upon reaching the bottom of the incline which one will have
the greater kinetic energy and which one will have the greater speed?
Both will have the same kinetic energy, but the box will have the greater speed. A
bucket in an old well is hoisted upward by a rope which winds up on a cylinder having
a radius of 0.05 m. How many rev/s must the cylinder turn if the bucket is raised at a
speed of 0.25 m/s?
0.80 rev/s
A Boeing-737 airliner has a mass of 20 300 kg. The total area of the wings is 105 m . 2

What must be the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the wings to
keep the airplane up?
1 895 Pa
Consider two different rods. The greatest thermal conductivity will be in the rod
with: electrons that are freer to move from atom to atom.

A 0.60-kg rock is swung in a circular path and in a vertical plane on a 0.25-m length
string. At the top of the path, the angular speed is 12.0 rad/s. What is the tension in the
string at that point?
16 N

Air pressure is 1.0 × 10 N/m , air density is 1.3 kg/m , and the density of soft drinks
5 2 3

is 1.0 × 10 kg/m . If one blows carefully across the top of a straw sticking up 0.130 m
3 3

from the liquid in a soft drink can, it is possible to make the soft drink rise half way up
the straw and stay there. How fast must the air be blown across the top of the straw?
31 m/s
 A simple pendulum of length 2.00 m has a mass of 100 g attached. It is drawn back 30.0°
and then released. What is the maximum speed of the mass?
2.29 m/s

What is the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4 × 10 m,
6

and atmospheric pressure at the surface is 10 N/m .)

5 2

5 × 10 kg 18

A hoop, solid sphere, and solid cylinder each have the same mass and same radius.
When rolling down the same incline, which has the greatest torque from gravity on
it? They all have the same torque.
A 0.20-kg block rests on a frictionless, level surface and is attached to a horizontally
aligned spring with a spring constant of 80 N/m. The block is initially displaced 4.0 cm
from the equilibrium point and then released to set up a simple harmonic motion. What
is the speed of the block when it passes through the equilibrium point?
0.80 m/s
0.57 m/s
A fountain sends water to a height of 100 m. What must be the pressurization
(above atmospheric) of the underground water system? (1 atm = 10 N/m )5 2

9.8 atm
115 g of dry ice (solid CO ) is dropped into a beaker containing 550 g of 64°C water. The
2

dry ice converts directly to gas, leaving the solution. When the dry ice is gone, the
final temperature of the water is 33°C. What is the heat of vaporization of solid CO ? 2

(c = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C)
water

148 cal/g
A uniform meterstick balances on a fulcrum placed at the 40-cm mark when a weight W
is placed at the 20-cm mark. What is the weight of the meterstick?
3W
0.4W
W/3
0.2W

A simple pendulum has a mass of 0.50 kg and a length of 1.0 m. It is displaced through
an angle of 30° and then released. After a time, the maximum angle of swing is only
10°. How much energy has been lost to friction?
0.58 J
A 5.00-g lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a wood post. If
we assume that half of the resultant heat energy generated remains with the bullet,
what is the increase in temperature of the embedded bullet? (specific heat of lead =
0.0305 kcal/kg⋅°C, 1 kcal = 4 186 J)
141°C

226°C
113°C

57°C
451°C

I place a 500-g ice cube (initially at 0°C) in a Styrofoam box with wall thickness 1.8 cm
and total surface area 600 cm . If the air surrounding the box is at 15°C and after 11
2

hours the ice is completely melted, what is the conductivity of the Styrofoam material?
(L = 80 cal/g)
f
 2.1 × 10 cal/s⋅cm⋅°C
−4

Doubling the weight suspended vertically from a coil spring will result in a change in
the displacement of the spring's lower end by what factor?
2.0
Supposefy "stress" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, tal
energy of 1.5 J. What is the spring constant?
-200 n/m
The condition for onset of turbulent flow is that the Reynolds Number reaches what
value? 3 000

A mass of 0.40 kg, attached to a spring with a spring constant of 80 N/m, is set into
simple harmonic motion. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the mass when
at its maximum displacement of 0.050 m from the equilibrium position?
10 m/s 2

An ideal fluid, of density 0.85 × 10 kg/m , flows at 0.27 kg/s through a pipe of
3 3

radius 0.018 m. What is the fluid speed?

0.0028 m/s
1.16 m/s
3.09 m/s
0.31 m/s

By what factor is the total pressure greater at a depth of 890 m in water than at the
surface where pressure is one atmosphere? (water density = 1.0 × 10 kg/m , 1
3 3

atmosphere pressure = 1.01 × 10 N/m , and g = 9.8 m/s )

5 2 2

86
An ideal fluid flows through a pipe made of two sections with diameters of 1.0 and 4.0
inches, respectively. The speed of the fluid flow through the 4.0-inch section will
be what factor times that through the 1.0-inch section?
1/16
1/8
8
15

The flow rate of a liquid through a 4.0-cm-radius pipe is 0.0070 m /s. The average fluid
3

speed in the pipe is:

1.4 m/s
A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.0 Hz and
an amplitude of 5.0 cm. If a timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence
x = 5 cm when t = 0), what is the acceleration magnitude when t = 3 s?
31.6 m/s 2

An astronaut is on a 100-m lifeline outside a spaceship, circling the ship with an

angular speed of 0.100 rad/s. How far inward can she be pulled before the
centripetal acceleration reaches 4g = 39.2 m/s ? 2

70.6 m
A container is filled with water and the pressure at the bottom of the container is P.
Then the container is emptied halfway and topped off with oil of density 0.9 × 10 kg/m ,
3 3

which floats on top of the water. What is the pressure at the bottom of the container
now? a pressure < P
 a pressure < 0.5P
his is unable to be determined with the information given.
the same pressure P

Two stars, A and B, have the same emissivity, but the radii and surfacetemperatures
are different with RA = 0.5 RB, and TA = 2 TB. Assuming thetemperature of space
to be negligible, which star radiates the most energy perunit time?Star A

Legend says that Archimedes, in determining whether or not the king's crown wasmade
of pure gold, measured its volume by the water displacement method. If thedensity of
gold is 19.3 g/cm3, and the crown's mass is 610 g, what volume wouldbe necessary to
prove that it is pure gold?
31.6 cm3
The Earth's density increases with depth. If instead the Earth had uniformdensity, but
the same angular velocity and mass, how would its rotationalkinetic energy compare
to the actual value?
It would be greater than the actual value
A block of wood has density 0.50 g/cm3 and mass 1 500 g. It floats in acontainer of oil
(the oil's density is 0.75 g/cm3). What volume of oil does thewood displace? 2 000
cm3
Which type of heating causes sunburn?
Radiation
Which of the following statements is true?
Objects do not contain heat.
Which state of matter is associated with the very highest of
temperatures? Plasma
By what factor is the total pressure greater at a depth of 890 m in water thanat the
surface where pressure is one atmosphere? (water density = 1.0103�kg/m3, 1
atmosphere pressure = 1.01105 N/m2, and g = 9.8 m/s2)�
86
It takes 3.0 minutes to fill a gas tank with 40 liters of gasoline. If the pumpnozzle is 2.0 cm
in radius, what is the average speed of the gasoline as itleaves the nozzle? (1 000 liters
= one cubic meter)
0.2 m/s
How much power is theoretically available from a mass flow of 1 100 kg/s ofwater that
falls a vertical distance of 110 m?
1 186 k
WSpherical particles of density 1.6 g/cm3 are shaken in a container of water(viscosity
= 1.010-3 Ns/m3). The water is 8.0 cm deep and is allowed to��stand for 30
minutes.
What is the radius of the largest particles still insuspension at that
time? 5.8*10-6 m

A blimp is filled with 400 m of helium. How big a payload can the balloon lift? (The
3

density of air is 1.29 kg/m ; the density of helium is 0.18 kg/m .)

3 3

444 kg

A 0.19-m radius grinding wheel takes 2.8 s to speed up from 3.0 rad/s to 12.0 rad/s. What
is the wheel's average angular acceleration?
3.2 rad/s2
A ventilation fan has blades 0.20 m in radius rotating at 40 rpm. What is the tangential
speed of each blade tip?
50.27 m/s
8.00 m/s
0.27 m/s
0.84 m/s

A 2.0-kg mass in the xy plane is moving in the negative x direction at 3.0 m/s along
the line y = 5.0 m. As the mass passes across the y axis (i.e., passing the point (x, y =
0, 5.0 m)), what is its angular momentum with respect to the z axis?
30 SI units

Heat flow occurs between two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in what
property? temperature
An 70-kg man is one fourth of the way up a 10-m ladder that is resting against a
smooth, frictionless wall. If the ladder has a mass of 30 kg and it makes an angle of
60° with the ground, find the force of friction of the ground on the foot of the ladder.
4.9x10^3
2.8x10^2
1.4x10^1
1.8x10^2

Which of the following produces greenhouse gases?

all of the above

An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual, while pedaling,

can convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. How much
mechanical energy is required to increase the temperature of 300 g of water (enough
for 1 cup of coffee) from 24°C to 95°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4
186 J/kg⋅°C) 89,000 J
22,000 J
1,000 J
21 J

Legend says that Archimedes, in determining whether or not the king's crown was made
of pure gold, measured its volume by the water displacement method. If the density of
gold is 19.3 g/cm , and the crown's mass is 610 g, what volume would be necessary to
3

prove that it is pure gold?

31.6 cm 3

A 0.40-kg object, attached to a spring with spring constant k = 10 N/m, is moving on

a horizontal, frictionless surface in simple harmonic motion of amplitude of 0.080 m.
What is its speed at the instant when its displacement is 0.040 m? (Hint: Use
conservation of
energy.)
35 cm/s

In winter, light-colored clothes will keep you warmer than dark-colored clothes
if: you are warmer than your surroundings.
 A 0.0020-kg lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a block of ice
at 0°C. If all the heat generated goes into melting ice, what quantity of ice is melted? (L f

= 80 kcal/kg, the specific heat of lead = 0.03 kcal/kg⋅°C, and 1 kcal = 4 186 J)
1.1 × 10 kg
−5

3.4 × 10 kg −4

1.7 × 10 kg
−4

1.0 × 10 kg −2

How much heat energy must be removed from 100 g of oxygen at 24°C to liquefy it at
−183°C? (The specific heat of oxygen gas is 0.218 cal/g⋅°C, and its heat of vaporization is
50.9 cal/g.) 1200 W
800
1,000 W
80 W

Spherical particles of density 1.6 g/cm are shaken in a container of water (viscosity = 1.0 ×
3

10 N⋅s/m ). The water is 8.0 cm deep and is allowed to stand for 30 minutes. What is
−3 3

the radius of the largest particles still in suspension at that time?

5.8 × 10 m−6

A 10-kg piece of aluminum (which has a specific heat of 900 J/kg⋅°C) is warmed so that
its temperature increases by 5.0 C°. How much heat was transferred into it?
6.3 × 10 J4

An 80.0-g piece of copper, initially at 290°C, is dropped into 200 g of water contained in
a 250-g aluminum calorimeter; the water and calorimeter are initially at 12.0°C. What
is the final temperature of the system? (Specific heats of copper and aluminum are
0.092 0 and 0.215 cal/g⋅°C, respectively. c = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C)
w

8.8°C

An object consists of a rod (of length 3.0 m and negligible moment of inertia) to which
four small 2.0-kg masses are attached, one at each end and one at each point on the
rod 1.0 m from each end. (The masses are one meter apart.) The moment of inertia
of this object about an axis perpendicular to the rod and through one of the inner
masses:
4kg
A ventilation fan with a moment of inertia of 0.034 k m2 has a net torque of 0.11 m gN g
N applied to it. If it starts from rest, what kinetic energy will it have 8.0 s later? 11.4
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is
wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder, with crank, at the top of a well. The moment
of inertia of the cylinder and crank is 0.12 k m2. The bucket is raised to the top of g g
the well and released to fall back into the well. What is the kinetic energy of the cylinder
and crank at the instant the bucket is moving with a speed of 8.0 m/s? 1.5x10^3
A cylinder with its mass concentrated toward the center has a moment of inertia of 0.2MR . If 2

this cylinder is rolling without slipping along a level surface with a linear speed v, what is the
ratio of its rotational kinetic energy to its linear kinetic energy?
1/5
A woman who weighs 600 N stands on an 10.0 m long board that weighs 200 N. The board
is supported at each end. The support force at the right end is 3 times the support force at
the left end. How far from the right end is the woman standing?
 1.7 m
A stonecutter's chisel has an edge area of 0.45 cm . If the chisel is struck with a force of 46 N, what
2

is the pressure exerted on the stone?

1 022 000 Pa
10 220 Pa
511 000 Pa
102 200 Pa

A figure skater with arms initially extended starts spinning on the ice at 3 rad/s. She then pulls
her arms in close to her body. Which of the following results?
a greater rotational rate

A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.0 Hz and amplitude of
8.0 cm. If the mass of the object is 0.25 kg, what is the spring constant?
158 N/m

How does the heat energy from the sun reach us through the vacuum of
space? Radiation
An automobile accelerates from zero to 30 m/s in 6.0 s. The wheels have a diameter of 1.0 m.
What is the average angular acceleration of each wheel?
40 rad/s 2

25 rad/s 2

10 rad/s 2

An object at 19°C has its temperature increased to 33°C. The power then radiated by this
object increases by how many percent?

21
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is wound around a
0.050- m radius cylinder at the top of a well. The bucket is raised to the top of the well and
released. The bucket is moving with a speed of 6.0 m/s upon hitting the water surface in the
well. What is the angular speed of the cylinder at this instant?
39 rad/s
160 rad/s
120 rad/s

Tasha has mass 20 kg and wants to use a 6.0-m board of mass 10 kg as a seesaw. Her friends are
busy, so Tasha seesaws by herself by putting the support at the system's center of gravity when
she sits on one end of the board. How far is she from the support point?
1,0 m

A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn, is wound around a
0.080- m radius cylinder at the top of a well. A crank with a turning radius of 0.25 m is attached
to the end of the cylinder. What minimum force directed perpendicular to the crank handle is
required to just raise the bucket? (Assume the rope's mass is negligible, that the cylinder turns
on frictionless bearings, and that g = 9.8 m/s .)
2

A Ferris wheel starts at rest and builds up to a final angular speed of 0.80 rad/s while rotating
through an angular displacement of 2.5 rad. What is its average angular acceleration?
What is the change in entropy (ΔS) when one mole of silver (108 g) is completely melted at
966°C? (The heat of fusion of silver is 8.82 × 10 J/kg.)4
 A traveling wave train has wavelength 1.0 m and speed 20 m/s. Find the wave
frequency. 20 Hz
Which of the following increases the internal energy of a solid metal rod?
having the rod absorb heat
The wavelength of a traveling wave can be calculated if one knows the:
frequency and speed
Transverse waves travel with a speed of 283 m/s along a taut copper wire that has a diameter of
1.50 mm. What is the tension in the wire? (The density of copper is 8.93 g/cm .) 3

What is the change in entropy (ΔS) when one mole of silver (108 g) is completely
melted at 966°C? (The heat of fusion of silver is 8.82 × 10 J/kg.)
4

7.69 J/K
Consider the curve f(x) = A cos(2πx/λ). The wavelength of the wave will be:
twice the distance x to x3
2

A musical tone, sounded on a piano, has a frequency of 820 Hz and a wavelength in air of 0.400
m. What is the wave speed?
328 m/s

Material 1 has Young's modulus Y and density ρ , material 2 has Young's modulus Y and density
1 1 2

ρ , and material 3 has Young's modulus Y and density ρ . If Y > Y > Y and if ρ < ρ < ρ ,
2 3 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

which material has the highest speed of sound?

material 1
If a wave pulse is reflected from a free boundary, which of the following choices best describes
what happens to the reflected pulse?
remains upright

If a radio wave has speed 3.00 × 10 m/s and frequency 99.7 MHz, what is its
8

wavelength? 3.01 m
Three Carnot engines operate between temperature reservoirs as follows: Engine A: T = h

1,100 K, T = 800 K; Engine B: T = 1,100 K, T = 700 K; Engine C: T = 550 K, T = 400 K.

c h c h c

Which two engines have the same thermal efficiency?

A and C

A and B and C
No two have the same thermal efficiency.

A wave travels in a string at 52 m/s. A second string of 25% greater linear density has the
same tension applied as in the first string. What will be the resulting wave speed in the
second string?

47 m/s
A large spring requires a force of 100 N to compress it only 0.010 m. What is the spring constant
of the spring?
10,000 N/m
 A 100-m long high-voltage cable is suspended between two towers. The mass of the 100-m
cable is
200 kg. If the tension in the cable is 20,000 N, what is the lowest frequency at which this
cable can oscillate?
0.50 Hz
Which of the following ranges corresponds to the shortest wavelengths?
ultrasonic
An object is attached to a spring and its frequency of oscillation is measured. Then
another object is connected to the first object, and the resulting mass is four times
the original value. By what factor is the frequency of oscillation changed?
½A mass-spring system on a horizontal frictionless surface is set in simple

harmonic motion with amplitude A. The mass is then doubled and the system is again
set into simple harmonic motion with the same amplitude. Which of the following
is true about the total mechanical energy of the system due to doubling the mass? It
has not changed.

If a long spring with spring constant k is cut into 4 equal lengths, what is the spring
constant of each of the 4 shorter springs?
It is 4 k.
When an object is moving in simple harmonic motion, which of the following is at
a minimum when the displacement from equilibrium is zero?
the magnitude of the acceleration
A pendulum on the Earth has a period T. The acceleration of due to gravity on Mars is
less than that on the Earth, and the acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is even
less. Where would the period of an identical pendulum be the least? on the Earth
wo identical springs, each with spring constant k, are attached in parallel to a mass,
which is then set into simple harmonic motion. What would be the spring constant of a
single spring which would result in the same frequency of oscillation as the parallel
springs? 2kThe SI base units for spring constant are which of the following?
kg/s2
A large spring requires a force of 150 N to compress it only 0.010 m. What is the
spring constant of the spring?
15 000 N/m
A 0.20-kg object is attached to a spring with spring constant k = 10 N/m and moves
with simple harmonic motion over a horizontal frictionless surface. At the instant that
it is displaced from equilibrium by −0.050 m, what is its acceleration?
2.5 m/s2
Tripling the weight suspended vertically from a coil spring will result in a change in the

3.0
displacement of the spring's lower end by what factor?

Tripling the displacement from equilibrium of an object in simple harmonic motion will
bring
about a change in the magnitude of the object's acceleration by what
factor? 3.0
A tiny spring, with a spring constant of 1.20 N/m, will be stretched to what displacement by
a 0.005 0-N force?
4.2 mm
A mass of 0.40 kg, attached to a spring with a spring constant of 80 N/m, is set into
simple harmonic motion. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the mass when
at its maximum displacement of 0.10 m from the equilibrium position?
20 m/s2
A mass of 4.0 kg, resting on a horizontal frictionless surface, is attached on the right to
a horizontal spring with spring constant 20 N/m and on the left to a horizontal spring
with spring constant 50 N/m. If this system is moved from equilibrium,
what is the effective spring constant?
70 N/m
Suppose there is an object for which F = +kx. What will happen if the object
is moved away from equilibrium (x = 0) and released?
It will move further away with increasing acceleration.
A wave is traveling in a string at 58 m/s. When the tension is then increased 17%, what will be
the resulting wave speed?
63 m/s
In an isovolumetric process where the pressure increases, are the heat absorbed, work
done by the system, and the change in internal energy of the system positive, negative, or
zero? Q is +, W is −, and ΔU is 0.
Q is −, W is 0, and ΔU is −.
Q is +, W is 0, and ΔU is +.
The speed of sound in air is a function of which one of the following?
Temperature
A steel piano string is attached, under tension, at each end to secure posts. When gently struck,
a faint note can be detected coming from the string. The string is then cooled by blowing cold
air over it and then is struck again. How does the note now detected compare to the previous
one. It is at a higher frequency than the original one.
A rectangular steel plate with dimensions of 60 cm × 25 cm is heated from 20°C to 150°C. What is
its change in area? (Coefficient of linear expansion for steel is 11 × 10 /°C.)
−6

4.3 cm2

A bat, flying at 6 m/s toward a wall, emits a chirp at 51 kHz. If the wall reflects this sound pulse,
what is the frequency of the echo received by the bat? (v = 340 m/s)
sound

52.8 kHz
What sound level change corresponds to a factor of three change in
intensity? 5 dB
A person consumes 2,000 kcal/day while expending 3,500 kcal/day. In a month's time, about
how much weight would this person lose if the loss were essentially all from body fat? (Body
fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal per pound.)
11 pounds
If a radio wave has speed 3.00 × 10 m/s and frequency 99.7 MHz, what is its
8

wavelength? 3.01 m
A swimming pool heater has to be able to raise the temperature of the 30,000 gallons of water
in the pool by 10.0°C. How many kilowatt-hours of energy are required? (One gallon of water
has a mass of approximately 3.79 kg and the specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg · °C.) 1320
kWh
The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between 97°C and 0°C is most
nearly: 26%
A metal bar is used to conduct heat. When the temperature at one end is 100°C and at the other
is 20°C, heat is transferred at a rate of 16 J/s. If the temperature of the hotter end is reduced to
60°C, what will be the rate of heat transfer?
8 J/s
Suppose there is an object for which F = +kx. What will happen if the object is moved away
from equilibrium (x = 0) and released?
It will move further away with increasing acceleration.
What is the change in entropy (ΔS) when one mole of silver (108 g) is completely melted at
966°C? (The heat of fusion of silver is 8.82 × 10 J/kg.)
4

7.69 J/K
A string is strung horizontally with a fixed tension. A wave of frequency 100 Hz is sent along
the string, and it has a wave speed of 100 m/s. Then a second wave, one of frequency 200 Hz,
is sent along the string. What is the wave speed of the second wave?
100 m/s
If the distance between a point sound source and a dB detector is increased by a factor of 10,
what will be the reduction in intensity level?
20 dB
If the frequency of a traveling wave train is increased by a factor of three in a medium where
the speed is constant, which of the following is the result?
wavelength is one third as big
Which one of the following quantities is at a maximum when an object in simple harmonic motion
is at its maximum displacement?
Acceleration
Quadrupling both the tension in a guitar string and its mass per unit length will result in
changing the wave speed in the string by what factor?
1.00 (i.e., no change)
A train station bell gives off a fundamental tone of 530 Hz as the train approaches the
station at a speed of 23 m/s. If the speed of sound in air is 346 m/s, what will be the
apparent frequency of the bell to an observer riding the train?
565 Hz
According to the first law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an
isolated system, which of the following choices applies?
None of the above choices apply.
Transverse waves travel with a speed of 283 m/s along a taut copper wire that has a
diameter of 1.50 mm. What is the tension in the wire? (The density of copper is 8.93
g/cm .)
3

1260 N
Doubling the distance between sound source and a listener will change the intensity, as
detected by the listener, by what factor?
¼ or 1/16

On an average diet, the consumption of 12 liters of oxygen releases how much energy?
(4.3 kcal are released per liter of oxygen consumed.)
216 kJ
For a wave traveling in a string, by what factor would the tension need to be increased to
triple the wave speed?
9
Two springs, each with spring constant k, are attached end to end in a series fashion. A
second pair of identical springs are also attached in series fashion. Then the pair of series
attached springs are attached in parallel to each other. What is the effective spring constant
of the resulting combination of springs?
k
What is the lowest frequency that will resonate in an organ pipe 4 m in length, closed at one
end? The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s.
21.3 Hz
If I = 10 W/m is the threshold of hearing, a sound with intensity I = 10 W/m will give
0
−12 2
1
−11 2

a certain decibel level. Suppose a new sound has an intensity I = 3I /I . What is the new
2 1
2
0

decibel level?
3 dB
100 dB
it will square the decibel level
25 dB
As a copper wire is heated, its length increases by 0.200%. What is the change of the
temperature of the wire? (α = 16.6 × 10 /C°)
Cu
−6

60.2°C
6.0°C
120°C
On a P-V diagram, an ____ process is represented by a horizontal line.
isobaric
Of the frequencies listed below, to which one is the human ear most
sensitive? 3 300 Hz
An electrical generating plant operates at a boiler temperature of 222°C and exhausts the
unused heat into a nearby river at 16°C. What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of the
plant? (0°C = 273 K)
42%
65%
7%
17%
If a long spring with spring constant k is cut into 4 equal lengths, what is the spring
constant of each of the 4 shorter springs?
It is 4k.
An electrical power plant manages to send 88% of the heat produced in the burning of
fossil fuel into the water-to-steam conversion. Of the heat carried by the steam, 40% is
converted to the mechanical energy of the spinning turbine. Which of the following choices
best describes the overall efficiency of the heat-to-work conversion in the plant (as a
percentage)?
less than 40%
A 500-Hz whistle is moved toward a listener at a speed of 10.0 m/s. At the same time, the
listener moves at a speed of 20.0 m/s in a direction toward the whistle. What is the
apparent frequency heard by the listener? (The speed of sound is 340 m/s.)
545 Hz
A car with bad shocks bounces up and down with a period of 1.78 s after hitting a bump.
The car has a mass of 1,400 kg and is supported by four springs of force constant k. What
is k for each spring?
4,361 N/m
The surface of the Sun is at approximately 5 700 K and the temperature of the Earth's
surface is about 290 K. What total entropy change occurs when 920 J of heat energy is
transferred from the Sun to the Earth?
3.01 J/K
133°F is how many degrees Celsius?
56
Waves propagate at 8.6 m/s along a stretched string. The end of the string is vibrated up
and down once every 1.5 s. What is the wavelength of the waves that travel along the
string?
3.3 m
5.7 m
12.9 m
3m

Two tuning forks sounding together result in a beat frequency of 3 Hz. If the frequency of
one of the forks is 512 Hz, what is the frequency of the other?
509 Hz or 515 Hz
A standing wave is set up in a 2.0-m string fixed at both ends. The string vibrates in 3
distinct segments when driven by a 120-Hz source. In how many distinct standing wave
segments will the string vibrate if the tension is increased by a factor of 4?
No standing wave pattern occurs.
On an average diet, the consumption of 12 liters of oxygen releases how much energy?
(4.3 kcal are released per liter of oxygen consumed.)

216 kJ
When considering human metabolism in terms of the 1 Law of Thermodynamics, which of
st

the following represents the metabolic rate?

ΔU / Δt
A series of ocean waves, 2.5 m between crests, move past at 2.0 waves/s. Find their
speed. 5.0 m/s
When gasoline is burned, it gives off 43,000 J/g of heat energy. If an automobile uses 12.6
kg of gasoline per hour with an efficiency of 23%, what is the average horsepower output
of the engine? (1 hp = 746 W)
28 hp
46 hp
37 hp
110 hp
Suppose a 0.9-kg mass on a spring that has been compressed 0.9 m has elastic potential
energy of 1.5 J. How much further must the spring be compressed to triple the elastic
potential energy? 2.46 m
2.7 m
1.8 m
0.66 m
By what factor should the length of a simple pendulum be changed if the period of vibration
were to be five times?
25
An object is attached to a spring and its frequency of oscillation is measured. Then another
object is connected to the first object, and the resulting mass is three times the original
value. By what factor is the frequency of oscillation changed?

1/9
3
9
Two cars, one in front of the other, are traveling down the highway at 25 m/s. The car
behind sounds its horn, which has a frequency of 540 Hz. What is the frequency heard
by the driver of the lead car? (v = 340 m/s)
sound

463 Hz
500 Hz
540 Hz
A chamber that can be filled with different gases has placed in it a source of sound that in
air produces a frequency of 200 Hz and a microphone to pick up the sound for frequency
analysis. First the chamber is filled with helium (speed of sound 1 000 m/s at room
conditions), then the helium is replaced with oxygen (speed of sound 330 m/s at room
conditions), and then finally the helium is replaced with carbon dioxide (speed of sound 269
m/s at room conditions). In which gas is the highest frequency of sound found by the
microphone during this experiment?
hey all have the same frequency of sound.
An electrical generating plant operates at a boiler temperature of 222°C and exhausts the
unused heat into a nearby river at 16°C. What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of the
plant? (0°C = 273 K)
42
What is the intensity of a sound with a measured intensity level of 89 dB? (I = 10
0
−12

W/m ) 0.9 × 10 W/m

2 −5 2

7.9 × 10 W/m −4 2

31.2 × 10 W/m −4 2

8.9 × 10 W/m −4 2

According to the second law of thermodynamics, which of the following applies to the
heat received from a high temperature reservoir by a heat engine operating in a
complete cycle?
cannot be completely converted to work
The Carnot cycle consists of a combination of ____ and ____ processes.
adiabatic, isothermal
The density of a certain metal solid is 7.3 × 10 kg/m , and its Young's modulus is 12 × 10
3 3 10

N/m . What is the speed of sound in this metal?

2

4,100 m/s
A 0.23-kg mass is oscillating on a spring over a horizontal frictionless surface. When it is
at a displacement of 2.2 cm for equilibrium it has a kinetic energy of 1.7 J and a spring
potential
energy of 2.8 J. What is the maximum speed of the mass during its oscillation?

6.3 m/s
4.4 m/s
4.4 m/s
3 m/s
If I double the mass per unit length of guitar string, its natural frequency changes by what
factor? 0.71
2.0
0.71

What phenomenon is created by two tuning forks, side by side, emitting frequencies, which
differ by only a small amount?
Resonance
Beats
Interference
A series of ocean waves, 2.5 m between crests, move past at 2.0 waves/s. Find their
speed. 5.0 m/
 100 g of liquid nitrogen at its boiling point of 77 K is stirred into a beaker containing 600 g
of 15°C water. If the nitrogen leaves the solution as soon as it turns to gas, how much
water freezes? The heat of vaporization of nitrogen is 48 cal/g and that of water is 80 cal/g.
none
When a sound wave moves through a medium such as air, the motion of the molecules
of the medium is in what direction (with respect to the motion of the sound wave)?
Both choices b and c are valid

How much air must be pushed downward at 50.0 m/s to keep an 840-kg helicopter
aloft? Select one:
a. 165 kg/s Correct
b. 17 kg/s
c. 170 kg/s
d. 155 kg/s
e. 42 000 kg/s

Which of the following characterizes the net force on a particle falling through a fluid at
its terminal speed?
Select one:
a. It is at a maximum.
b. It is zero. Correct
c. It is downwards.
d. It is upwards.

A 0.300-kg object is swung in a circular path and in a vertical plane on a 0.500-m length
string. If the angular speed at the bottom is 8.00 rad/s, what is the tension in the string when
the object is at the bottom of the circle?
Select one:
a. 12.54 N Correct
b. 23.52 N
c. 9.6 N
d. 41.34 N
e. 25.08 N

Legend says that Archimedes, in determining whether or not the king's crown was made of pure
gold, measured its volume by the water displacement method. If the density of gold is 19.3
 g/cm3, and the crown's mass is 610 g, what volume would be necessary to prove that it is pure
gold? Select one:
a. 31.6 cm3 Correct
b. 30.6 × 10−2 cm3
c. 11 773 cm3
d. 32.6 × 103 cm3
e. 0.03 × 103 cm3

A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.036 rad/s2. What is its
angular speed at the instant it goes through an angular displacement of 10 rad?
Select one:
d. 0.85 rad/s

A copper wire of length 2.0 m, cross sectional area 7.1 × 10−6 m2 and Young's modulus 11
× 1010 N/m2 has a 180-kg load hung on it. What is its increase in length? (g = 9.8 m/s2)
Select one:
a. 4.2 mm
b. 4.5 mm
d. 0.50 mm
e. 9.0 mm

A rotating flywheel can be used as a method to store energy. If it is required that such a device be
able to store up to a maximum of 2.00 × 106 J when rotating at 400 rad/s, what moment of
inertia is required?
Select one:
b. 25 kgm2
c. 50 kgm2
d. 12.5 kgm2

A uniform pressure of 8.1 × 105 N/m2 is applied to all six sides of a copper cube. What
is the percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper, B = 14 × 1010 N/m2)
Select one:
a. 2.9 × 10−2 %
b. 1.1 × 10−2 %
c. 0.6 × 10−3 %
e. 1.0 × 10−2 %

An 70-kg man is one fourth of the way up a 10-m ladder that is resting against a smooth,
frictionless wall. If the ladder has a mass of 30 kg and it makes an angle of 60° with the
ground, find the force of friction of the ground on the foot of the ladder.
Select one:
a. 2.8x102N
c. 1.8x103N
d. 1.4x101N
e. 3.2x102N

A turntable has a moment of inertia of 3.0 × 10−2 kg·m2 and spins freely on a
frictionless bearing at 25 rev/min. A 0.60-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically on the
 turntable and sticks at a point 0.10 m from the center. By what factor does the kinetic
energy of the system change after the putty is dropped onto the turntable?
Select one:
a. 0.83
b. 1.0
d. 0.91

A 0.30-m radius automobile tire rotates how many rad after starting from rest and
accelerating at a constant 4.0 rad/s2 over a 3.0-s interval?
Select one:
a. 18 rad
b. 40 rad
c. 36 rad
d. 10.8 rad
e. 5.4 rad

Week 11

Learning acitivity 8
An automobile accelerates from zero to 30 m/s in 6.0 s. The wheels have a
diameter of 1.0 m. What is the average angular acceleration of each wheel?
Select one:
a. 40 rad/s 2

b. 10 rad/s 2

Correct

c. 25 rad/s 2

d. 5.0 rad/s 2

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Question text

A ventilation fan with a moment of inertia of 0.034 kg·m has a net torque of
2

0.14 N·m applied to it. What angular acceleration does it experience?

Select one:
a. 0.31 rad/s 2

b. 3.2 rad/s 2

c. 4.1 rad/s 2

Correct

d. 5.3 rad/s 2

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A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is

wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. The bucket is
raised to the top of the well and released. The bucket is moving with a
speed of 6.0 m/s upon hitting the water surface in the well. What is the
angular speed of the cylinder at this instant?
Select one:
a. 39 rad/s
 Incorrect

b. 120 rad/s
c. 79 rad/s
d. 160 rad/s
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A 0.400-kg rock is swung in a circular path and in a vertical plane on a 0.5-

m length string. At the top of the path, the angular speed is 10.0 rad/s.
What is the tension in the string at that point?
Select one:
a. 76.08 N
b. 20 N
c. 16.08 N

Correct

d. 39.2 N
e. 23.92 N
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A circular disk is rotating about a central axis with an angular velocity which
is increasing at a constant rate. Point 1 on the disk is located at a distance
from the center of the disk and point 2 on the disk is

located at a distance from the center of the disk. If , which of the following ratios is the

largest? 1 and 2 refer to being at points 1 and 2 in the subscripts below, all
values occurring at the same time.
Select one:
a.

b.

c.

Incorrect

d. All the ratios are 1 so none is larger.

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A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right
angles to make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.90 m long and each ball on
the end is 0.20 kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of inertia
if the arrangement is spun around an axis formed by one of the batons?
Select one:
a. 0.32 kg·m 2

b. 0.064 kg·m 2

c. 0.081 kg·m 2

Correct

d. 0.19 kg·m 2

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A 3.0-m rod is pivoted about its left end. A force of 20 N is applied

perpendicular to the rod at a distance of1.2 m from the pivot causing a ccw
torque, and a force of 4.8 N is applied at the end of the rod 3.0 m
from the pivot. The 4.8-N force is at an angle of 30 to the rod and causes
o

a cw torque. What is the net torque about the pivot? (Take ccw as
positive.)
Select one:
a. -16.8 N·m
b. -31.2 N·m
c. 9.6 N·m
d. 16.8 N·m

Correct

e. 31.2 N·m
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An automobile accelerates from zero to 30 m/s in 6.0 s. The wheels have a

diameter of 1.0 m. What is the average angular acceleration of each wheel?
Select one:
a. 10 rad/s 2

Correct

b. 40 rad/s 2

c. 5.0 rad/s 2

d. 25 rad/s 2

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Question 4
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Question text

A ventilation fan with a moment of inertia of 0.034 kg·m has a net torque of
2

0.14 N·m applied to it. What angular acceleration does it experience?

Select one:
a. 5.3 rad/s 2

b. 0.31 rad/s 2

c. 4.1 rad/s 2

d. 3.2 rad/s 2

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A ceiling fan is turned on and reaches an angular speed of 120 rev/min in 20

s. It is then turned off and coasts to a stop in an additional 60 s. The ratio of
the average angular acceleration for the first 20 s to that for the last 60 s is
which of the following?
Select one:
a. -3
b. 3
c. -0.3
d. 0.3
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A solid sphere of radius R is placed on an incline that makes an angle with the horizontal.
The

sphere rolls down the incline without slipping. What is its acceleration?
Select one:
a.
Incorrect

b.

c.

d.

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Two children seat themselves on a seesaw. The one on the left has a weight
of 400 N while the one on the right weighs 300 N. The fulcrum is at the
midpoint of the seesaw. If the child on the right is not at the end but is 1.50 m
from the fulcrum and the seesaw is balanced, what is the torque provided by
the weight of the child on the left? (Take ccw as positive.)
Select one:
a. 450 N·m
b. -450 N·m
c. 600 N·m
Incorrect

d. -600 N·m
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A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 7.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0,
−4.0) m. What is the moment of inertia of this system of masses about the y
axis?
Select one:
a. 90 kg·m 2
b. 176 kg·m 2

c. 99 kg·m 2

Correct

d. 275 kg·m 2

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A bucket in an old well is hoisted upward by a rope which winds up on a

cylinder having a radius of 0.05 m. How many rev/s must the cylinder turn if
the bucket is raised at a speed of 0.25 m/s?
Select one:
a. 0.08 rev/s
b. 1.59 rev/s
c. 0.80 rev/s

Correct

d. 5.00 rev/s
e. 3.18 rev/s
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A 200-N uniform ladder, 12.0 m long, rests against a smooth vertical wall.
The coefficient of static friction between ladder and floor is 0.35. What
minimum angle can the ladder make with the floor before it slips?
Select one:
a. 10°
b. 80°
c. 55°

Correct

d. 19°
e. 71°
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A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.16 rad/s,
accelerates over a 7.0-s interval at a rate of 0.050 rad/s . What is its
2

angular speed after this 7.0-s interval?

Select one:
a. 0.51 rad/s
b. 0.46 rad/s
 Incorrect

c. 0.85 rad/s
d. 1.2 rad/s
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A bucket in an old well is hoisted upward by a rope which winds up on a

cylinder having a radius of 0.05 m. How many rev/s must the cylinder turn if
the bucket is raised at a speed of 0.25 m/s?
Select one:
a. 0.08 rev/s

Incorrect

b. 3.18 rev/s
c. 0.80 rev/s
d. 1.59 rev/s
e. 5.00 rev/s
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A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 7.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0,
−4.0) m. What is the moment of inertia of this system of masses about the y
axis?
Select one:
a. 99 kg·m 2

b. 176 kg·m 2

c. 275 kg·m 2

d. 90 kg·m 2

Incorrect
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A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.025

rad/s . What is the time interval required for it to reach a 10-rad
2

displacement after starting from rest?

 Select one:
a. 28 s
b. 2.0 s

Incorrect

c. 18 s
d. 56 s
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A 0.300-kg object is swung in a circular path and in a vertical plane on a

0.500-m length string. If the angular speed at the bottom is 8.00 rad/s, what
is the tension in the string when the object is at the bottom of the circle?
Select one:
a. 9.6 N
b. 12.54 N
c. 25.08 N
d. 41.34 N
e. 23.52 N

Incorrect
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Shot Quiz
A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.20-kg ball
using only the rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the
ball. What is the moment of inertia of the ball alone as it moves in a
circular arc with a radius of 0.32 m?
Select one:
a. 7.6 × 10 kg·m
−2 2

b. 4.0 × 10 kg·m
−2 2

Incorrect

c. 1.5 × 10 kg·m
−2 2

d. 2.0 × 10 kg·m
−2 2

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The correct answer is: 2.0 × 10 kg·m
−2 2

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Question 2
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Question text
 Two children seat themselves on a seesaw. The one on the left has a weight
of 400 N while the one on the right weighs 300 N. The fulcrum is at the
midpoint of the seesaw. If the child on the right is not at the end but is 2.00 m
from the fulcrum and the seesaw is balanced, what is the torque provided by
the weight of the child on the left? (Take ccw as positive.)
Select one:
a. 200 N·m
b. 600 N·m

Correct

c. -600 N·m
d. -800 N·m
e. 800 N·m
Feedback
The correct answer is: 600 N·m
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Question 3
Incorrect
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Question text

A woman who weighs 600 N stands on an 10.0 m long board that weighs
200 N. The board is supported at each end. The support force at the right
end is 3 times the support force at the left end. How far from the right end is
the woman standing?
Select one:
a. 3.4 m
b. 6.6 m
c. 8.3 m
 Incorrect

d. 2.6 m
e. 1.7 m
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Question 4
Correct
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Question text

A bowling ball has a mass of 7.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 2.8 × 10 kg·m ,
−2 2

and a radius of 0.10 m. If it rolls down the lane without slipping at a linear
speed of 5.0 m/s, what is its angular speed?
Select one:
a. 0.80 rad/s
b. 50 rad/s

Correct

c. 0.050 rad/s
d. 40 rad/s
Feedback
The correct answer is: 50 rad/s
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Question 5
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Question text

An 900-N billboard worker stands on a 4.0-m scaffold weighing 400 N and

supported by vertical ropes at each end. How far would the worker stand from
one of the supporting ropes to produce a tension of 830 N in that rope?
Select one:
a. 2 m

Incorrect

b. 1.2 m
c. 0.75 m
d. 0.3 m
e. 1.6 m
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Question 6
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Question text
 A 0.30-m radius automobile tire rotates how many rad after starting
from rest and accelerating at a constant 4.0 rad/s over a 3.0-s
2

interval?
Select one:
a. 36 rad
b. 10.8 rad
c. 5.4 rad
d. 40 rad

Incorrect

e. 18 rad
Feedback
The correct answer is: 18 rad
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Question 7
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Question text

Calculate the linear speed due to the Earth's rotation for a person at a point
on its surface located at 60 N latitude. The radius of the Earth is 6.40 ×10
o 6

m.
Select one:
a. 403 m/s
b. 233 m/s

Correct

c. 116 m/s
d. 465 m/s
e. 838 m/s
 Feedback
The correct answer is: 233 m/s
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Question 8
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Question text

Which of the first units given below can be units for angular acceleration
while the second units can be units for angular velocity?
Select one:
a.

b.

c.

Correct

d.

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Question 9
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Question text

Suppose a car has a 100,000 mile 10 year warranty on the wheels and axles
of a car. How may turns will the wheels of 0.80-m diameter make if both the
mileage and time warranties run out simultaneously and what will be the
average angular velocities of the wheel? Assume that a mile = m and that a
year

is s.

Select one:
a. , rad/y

Incorrect

b. , 0.51 rad/s

c. , 1.3 rad/s

d. , 13 rad/s

Feedback
The correct answer is: , 1.3 rad/s

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 Question 10
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Question text

1300 rev/min is equivalent to which of the following?

Select one:
a. 2600 rad/s
b. 273 rad/s

Incorrect

c. 60 rad/s
d. 136 rad/s
Feedback
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finished Incorrect

A circular disk is rotating about a central axis with an angular velocity which is increasing at
a constant
rate. Point 1 on the disk is located at a distance from the center of the disk

and point 2 on the disk is located at a distance from the center of the disk. If ,

which of the following ratios is the

largest? 1 and 2 refer to being at points 1 and 2 in the subscripts below, all
values occurring at the same time.
Select one:
a.
b.

c. All the ratios are 1 so none is larger.

d.

Incorrect
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Question 2
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Question text

Which of the first units given below can be units for angular acceleration
while the second units can be units for angular velocity?
Select one:
a.

b.

c.

Incorrect

d.

Feedback
The correct answer is:
 Comments
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Question 3
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Question text

A 0.40-m radius automobile tire accelerates from rest at a constant 4.0 rad/s 2

over a 10.0 s interval. What is the tangential component of acceleration for

a point on the outer edge of the tire during the 10.0-s interval?
Select one:
a. 3.2 m/s 2

Incorrect

b. 5.03 m/s 2

c. 10.05 m/s 2

d. 1.02 m/s 2

e. 1.6 m/s 2

Feedback
The correct answer is: 1.6 m/s 2

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Question 4
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Question text
 A 100-N uniform ladder, 8.0 m long, rests against a smooth vertical wall. The
coefficient of static friction between ladder and floor is 0.30. What minimum
angle can the ladder make with the floor before it slips?
Select one:
a. 51°
b. 59°

Correct

c. 18°
d. 22°
Feedback
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Question 5
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Question text

A spool of thread has an average radius of 1.00 cm. If the spool contains 135
m of thread, how many turns of thread are on the spool? "Average radius"
allows us to not need to treat the layering of threads on lower layers.
Select one:
a. 3,400
b. 21
c. 2,200

Correct

d. 1,100
e. 4,300
Feedback
 The correct answer is: 2,200
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Question 6
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Question text

A uniform meterstick balances on a fulcrum placed at the 40-cm mark when

a weight W is placed at the 20-cm mark. What is the weight of the
meterstick?
Select one:
a. W
b. 0.4W
c. 2W
d. W/2

Incorrect
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The correct answer is: 2W
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Question 7
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 Question text
A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.036
rad/s . What is its angular speed at the instant it goes through an angular
2

displacement of 10 rad?
Select one:
a. 0.72 rad/s
b. 0.36 rad/s
c. 2.68 rad/s

Incorrect

d. 0.85 rad/s
e. 0.60 rad/s
Feedback
The correct answer is: 0.85 rad/s
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Question 8
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Question text

A uniform rod of length L and weight W is placed on a fulcrum a distance of

0.4L from the left end. On the left end is placed a mass of weight 2W and
on the right end a vertical force F is applied to keep the system in balance.
What are the magnitude and direction of the force F?
Select one:
a.
Incorrect

b.

c.
d.

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Question 9
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Question text

Calculate the linear speed due to the Earth's rotation for a person at a point
on its surface located at 60 N latitude. The radius of the Earth is 6.40 ×10
o 6

m.
Select one:
a. 403 m/s
b. 116 m/s
c. 465 m/s
d. 233 m/s

Correct
e. 838 m/s
Feedback
The correct answer is: 233 m/s
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Question 10
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Question text

A rod of length L is hinged at one end. The moment of inertia as the rod
rotates around that hinge is ML /3. Suppose a 2.0 m rod with a mass of 3
2

kg is hinged at one end and is held in a horizontal position. The rod is

released as the free end is allowed to fall. What is the angular
acceleration as it is released?
Select one:
a. 2.25 rad/s 2

b. 2.18 rad/s 2

Incorrect

c. 7.35 rad/s 2

d. 1.63 rad/s 2

e. 4.90 rad/s 2

Feedback
The correct answer is: 7.35 rad/s 2

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Suppose a car has a 100,000 mile 10 year warranty on the wheels and axles
of a car. How may turns will the wheels of 0.80-m diameter make if both the
mileage and time warranties run out simultaneously and what will be the
average angular velocities of the wheel? Assume that a mile = m and that a
year
 is s.

Select one:
a. , 0.51 rad/s

b. , rad/y

c. , 1.3 rad/s

Correct

d. , 13 rad/s

Feedback
The correct answer is: , 1.3 rad/s

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Question 2
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Question text

An 900-N billboard worker stands on a 4.0-m scaffold weighing 400 N and

supported by vertical ropes at each end. How far would the worker stand from
one of the supporting ropes to produce a tension of 830 N in that rope?
Select one:
a. 0.3 m
b. 1.6 m
 Incorrect

c. 2 m
d. 0.75 m
e. 1.2 m
Feedback
The correct answer is: 1.2 m
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Question 3
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Question text
Two children seat themselves on a seesaw. The one on the left has a weight
of 400 N while the one on the right weighs 300 N. The fulcrum is at the
midpoint of the seesaw. If the child on the right is not at the end but is 2.00 m
from the fulcrum and the seesaw is balanced, what is the torque provided by
the weight of the child on the left? (Take ccw as positive.)
Select one:
a. 200 N·m
b. -600 N·m
c. 800 N·m

Incorrect

d. -800 N·m
e. 600 N·m
Feedback
The correct answer is: 600 N·m
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Question 4
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Question text

A meterstick is supported by a knife-edge at the 50-cm mark. Doug hangs

masses of 0.40 and 0.60 kg from the 35-cm and 80-cm marks, respectively.
Where should Doug hang a third mass of 0.30 kg to keep the stick
balanced?
Select one:
a. 10 cm
b. 30 cm
c. 20 cm

Incorrect

d. 70 cm
Feedback
The correct answer is: 10 cm
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Question text
 A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 7.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0,
−4.0) m. What is the moment of inertia of this system of masses about the x
axis?
Select one:
a. 275 kg·m 2

b. 90 kg·m 2

c. 99 kg·m 2

Incorrect

d. 176 kg·m 2

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The correct answer is: 176 kg·m 2

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Question 6
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Question text

A ventilation fan has blades 0.25 m in radius rotating at 30 rpm. What is

the tangential speed of each blade tip?
Select one:
a. 20 m/s
b. 0.79 m/s

Correct

c. 0.02 m/s
d. 0.52 m/s
Feedback
The correct answer is: 0.79 m/s
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Question 7
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Question text

A ceiling fan is turned on and reaches an angular speed of 110 rev/min in 15

s. It is then turned off and coasts to a stop in an additional 45 s. The ratio of
the average angular acceleration for the first 15 s to that for the last 45 s is
which of the following?
Select one:
a. 3

Incorrect

b. -3
c. 0.3
d. -0.3
e. 1.8
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 Question 8
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Question text
A Ferris wheel starts at rest and builds up to a final angular speed of 0.80
rad/s while rotating through an angular displacement of 2.5 rad. What is its
average angular acceleration?
Select one:
a. 7.81 rad/s 2

b. 0.256 rad/s 2

c. 0.16 rad/s 2

d. 0.128 rad/s 2

Correct

e. 0.1024 rad/s 2

Feedback
The correct answer is: 0.128 rad/s 2

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Question 9
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Question text

A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.500 rad/s,

accelerates over a 7.00-s interval at a rate of 0.0500 rad/s . What angular
2

displacement does the Ferris wheel undergo in this 7.00-s interval?

Select one:
a. 0.500 rad
b. 4.48 rad
Incorrect

c. 2.50 rad
d. 4.73 rad
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The correct answer is: 4.73 rad
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Question 10
Correct
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Question text

A 0.20-m radius grinding wheel starts at rest and develops an angular speed
of 9 rad/s in 3 s. What is the average tangential acceleration of a point on
the wheel's edge?
Select one:
a. 45.0 m/s 2

b. 27 m/s 2

c. 1.2 m/s 2

d. 0.6 m/s 2

Correct

e. 1.8 m/s 2

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The correct answer is: 0.6 m/s 2

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 3 21/08/17, 10:10 Attempt finished Correct
A 100-N uniform ladder, 8.0 m long, rests against a smooth vertical wall. The
coefficient of static friction between ladder and floor is 0.30. What minimum
angle can the ladder make with the floor before it slips?
Select one:
a. 59°

Correct

b. 18°
c. 22°
d. 51°
Feedback
The correct answer is: 59°
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Question 2
Correct
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Question text
An automobile accelerates from zero to 24 m/s in 6 s. The wheels have a
diameter of 2 m. What is the average angular acceleration of each
wheel?
Select one:
a. 3 rad/s 2

b. 4 rad/s 2

Correct

c. 8 rad/s 2

d. 12 rad/s 2

e. 2 rad/s 2

Feedback
 The correct answer is: 4 rad/s 2

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Question 3
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Question text

A 0.40-m radius automobile tire accelerates from rest at a constant 4.0 rad/s 2

over a 10.0 s interval. What is the tangential component of acceleration for

a point on the outer edge of the tire during the 10.0-s interval?
Select one:
a. 1.6 m/s 2

Correct

b. 10.05 m/s 2

c. 5.03 m/s 2

d. 3.2 m/s 2

e. 1.02 m/s 2

Feedback
The correct answer is: 1.6 m/s 2

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Question 4
 Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Question text

A spool of thread has an average radius of 1.00 cm. If the spool contains 135
m of thread, how many turns of thread are on the spool? "Average radius"
allows us to not need to treat the layering of threads on lower layers.
Select one:
a. 3,400
b. 21
c. 1,100
d. 4,300
e. 2,200

Correct
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Question 5
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Question text

A meterstick is supported by a knife-edge at the 50-cm mark. Doug hangs

masses of 0.40 and 0.60 kg from the 35-cm and 80-cm marks, respectively.
Where should Doug hang a third mass of 0.30 kg to keep the stick
balanced?
Select one:
a. 30 cm
b. 10 cm
 Correct

c. 70 cm
d. 20 cm
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The correct answer is: 10 cm
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Question 6
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Question text

Two children seat themselves on a seesaw. The one on the left has a weight
of 400 N while the one on the right weighs 300 N. The fulcrum is at the
midpoint of the seesaw. If the child on the right is not at the end but is 2.00 m
from the fulcrum and the seesaw is balanced, what is the torque provided by
the weight of the child on the left? (Take ccw as positive.)
Select one:
a. 200 N·m
b. -800 N·m
c. 800 N·m
d. -600 N·m
e. 600 N·m

Correct
Feedback
The correct answer is: 600 N·m
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Question 7
Incorrect
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Question text

A Ferris wheel starts at rest and builds up to a final angular speed of 0.80
rad/s while rotating through an angular displacement of 2.5 rad. What is its
average angular acceleration?
Select one:
a. 0.16 rad/s 2

b. 0.1024 rad/s 2

Incorrect

c. 7.81 rad/s 2

d. 0.128 rad/s 2

e. 0.256 rad/s 2

Feedback
The correct answer is: 0.128 rad/s 2

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Question 8
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Question text

A rod of length L is hinged at one end. The moment of inertia as the rod
rotates around that hinge is ML /3. Suppose a 2.0 m rod with a mass of 3
2
 kg is hinged at one end and is held in a horizontal position. The rod is
released as the free end is allowed to fall. What is the angular
acceleration as it is released?
Select one:
a. 2.25 rad/s 2

b. 2.18 rad/s 2

c. 7.35 rad/s 2

Correct
d. 4.90 rad/s 2

e. 1.63 rad/s 2

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Question 9
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A ventilation fan has blades 0.25 m in radius rotating at 30 rpm. What is

the tangential speed of each blade tip?
Select one:
a. 0.79 m/s
b. 0.02 m/s
c. 0.52 m/s

Incorrect

d. 20 m/s
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A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right
angles to make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.90 m long and each ball on
the end is 0.20 kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of
inertia if the arrangement is spun around an axis through the center
perpendicular to both rods?
Select one:
a. 0.096 kg·m 2

b. 0.16 kg·m 2

c. 0.064 kg·m 2

Incorrect

d. 0.075 kg·m 2

Feedback
The correct answer is: 0.16 kg·m 2

A uniform meterstick balances on a fulcrum placed at the 40-cm mark when

a weight W is placed at the 20-cm mark. What is the weight of the
meterstick?
Select one:
a. 0.4W
b. 2W
c. W/2

Incorrect

d. W
 Feedback
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A spool of thread has an average radius of 1.00 cm. If the spool contains 135
m of thread, how many turns of thread are on the spool? "Average radius"
allows us to not need to treat the layering of threads on lower layers.
Select one:
a. 3,400

Incorrect

b. 4,300
c. 21
d. 1,100
e. 2,200
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 Question 3
Correct
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A bowling ball has a mass of 7.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 2.8 × 10 kg·m ,
−2 2

and a radius of 0.10 m. If it rolls down the lane without slipping at a linear
speed of 5.0 m/s, what is its angular speed?
Select one:
a. 0.050 rad/s
b. 50 rad/s

Correct

c. 40 rad/s
d. 0.80 rad/s
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A 0.20-m radius grinding wheel starts at rest and develops an angular speed
of 9 rad/s in 3 s. What is the average tangential acceleration of a point on
the wheel's edge?
Select one:
a. 1.8 m/s 2

b. 45.0 m/s 2

c. 27 m/s 2

d. 0.6 m/s 2
 Correct

e. 1.2 m/s 2

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A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.20-kg ball

using only the rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the
ball. What is the moment of inertia of the ball alone as it moves in a
circular arc with a radius of 0.32 m?
Select one:
a. 7.6 × 10 kg·m −2 2

b. 4.0 × 10 kg·m −2 2

Incorrect

c. 2.0 × 10 kg·m −2 2

d. 1.5 × 10 kg·m −2 2

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A Ferris wheel starts at rest and builds up to a final angular speed of 0.80
rad/s while rotating through an angular displacement of 2.5 rad. What is its
average angular acceleration?
Select one:
a. 0.256 rad/s 2

b. 0.1024 rad/s 2

c. 0.128 rad/s 2

d. 0.16 rad/s 2

Incorrect

e. 7.81 rad/s 2

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Question 7
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 Suppose a car has a 100,000 mile 10 year warranty on the wheels and axles
of a car. How may turns will the wheels of 0.80-m diameter make if both the
mileage and time warranties run out simultaneously and what will be the
average angular velocities of the wheel? Assume that a mile = m and that a
year

is s.

Select one:
a. , rad/y

b. , 1.3 rad/s
Correct

c. , 0.51 rad/s

d. , 13 rad/s

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A 3.0-m rod is pivoted about its left end. A force of 10 N is applied

perpendicular to the rod at a distance of 1.2 m from the pivot causing a ccw
torque, and a force of 5.2 N is applied at the end of the rod 3.0 m from the
 pivot. The 5.2-N force is at an angle of 30 to the rod and causes a cw torque.
o

What is the net torque about the pivot? (Take ccw as positive.)
Select one:
a. 18 N·m

Incorrect

b. −4.2 N·m
c. 4.2 N·m
d. −18 N·m
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A 0.30-m radius automobile tire rotates how many rad after starting
from rest and accelerating at a constant 4.0 rad/s over a 3.0-s
2

interval?
Select one:
a. 18 rad
b. 5.4 rad
c. 36 rad
d. 10.8 rad
e. 40 rad

Incorrect
Feedback
The correct answer is: 18 rad
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A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.036

rad/s . What is its angular speed at the instant it goes through an angular
2

displacement of 10 rad?
Select one:
a. 0.72 rad/s
b. 0.60 rad/s
c. 0.85 rad/s

Correct

d. 0.36 rad/s
e. 2.68 rad/s
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A uniform meterstick balances on a fulcrum placed at the 40-cm mark when
a weight W is placed at the 20-cm mark. What is the weight of the
meterstick?
Select one:
a. W
b. 2W

Correct

c. 0.4W
d. W/2
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A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.036

rad/s . What is its angular speed at the instant it goes through an angular
2

displacement of 10 rad?
Select one:
a. 0.36 rad/s

Incorrect

b. 0.85 rad/s
c. 2.68 rad/s
d. 0.72 rad/s
e. 0.60 rad/s
Feedback
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Question 3
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Question text

Suppose a car has a 100,000 mile 10 year warranty on the wheels and axles
of a car. How may turns will the wheels of 0.80-m diameter make if both the
mileage and time warranties run out simultaneously and what will be the
average angular velocities of the wheel? Assume that a mile = m and that a
year

is s.

Select one:
a. , rad/y

b. , 13 rad/s

Incorrect

c. , 0.51 rad/s

d. , 1.3 rad/s

Feedback
The correct answer is: , 1.3 rad/s

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A 0.30-m radius automobile tire rotates how many rad after starting
from rest and accelerating at a constant 4.0 rad/s over a 3.0-s
2

interval?
Select one:
a. 40 rad

Incorrect

b. 5.4 rad
c. 36 rad
d. 18 rad
e. 10.8 rad
Feedback
The correct answer is: 18 rad
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 A 0.20-m radius grinding wheel starts at rest and develops an angular speed
of 9 rad/s in 3 s. What is the average tangential acceleration of a point on
the wheel's edge?
Select one:
a. 1.2 m/s 2

b. 1.8 m/s 2

Incorrect

c. 27 m/s 2

d. 0.6 m/s 2

e. 45.0 m/s 2

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A Ferris wheel starts at rest and builds up to a final angular speed of 0.80
rad/s while rotating through an angular displacement of 2.5 rad. What is its
average angular acceleration?
Select one:
a. 0.256 rad/s 2

b. 0.1024 rad/s 2

c. 7.81 rad/s 2

Incorrect

d. 0.16 rad/s 2

e. 0.128 rad/s 2
 Feedback
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A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 7.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0,
−4.0) m. What is the moment of inertia of this system of masses about the x
axis?
Select one:
a. 90 kg·m 2

Incorrect

b. 275 kg·m 2

c. 176 kg·m 2

d. 99 kg·m 2

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The correct answer is: 176 kg·m 2

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 Question 8
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An automobile accelerates from zero to 24 m/s in 6 s. The wheels have a
diameter of 2 m. What is the average angular acceleration of each
wheel?
Select one:
a. 8 rad/s 2

b. 2 rad/s 2

Incorrect

c. 4 rad/s 2

d. 12 rad/s 2

e. 3 rad/s 2

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The correct answer is: 4 rad/s 2

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A bowling ball has a mass of 7.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 2.8 × 10 kg·m ,
−2 2

and a radius of 0.10 m. If it rolls down the lane without slipping at a linear
speed of 5.0 m/s, what is its angular speed?
Select one:
a. 40 rad/s
b. 0.050 rad/s

Incorrect
c. 0.80 rad/s
d. 50 rad/s
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A spool of thread has an average radius of 1.00 cm. If the spool contains 135
m of thread, how many turns of thread are on the spool? "Average radius"
allows us to not need to treat the layering of threads on lower layers.
Select one:
a. 2,200
b. 4,300
c. 1,100

Incorrect

d. 21
e. 3,400
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The correct answer is: 2,200
Comments

A 12.00-kg bowling ball falls from a 2.00-m shelf. Just before hitting the floor, what will be its
kinetic energy? (g = 9.80 m/s and assume air resistance is negligible)
2

235 J
A 55-N crate is pulled up a 4-m inclined plane by a worker at constant velocity. If the plane is inclined
at an angle of 37° to the horizontal and there exists a constant frictional force of 25 N between the
crate and the surface, what is the force applied by the worker?

58 N

A careful photographic survey of Jupiter's moon Io by the spacecraft Voyager 1 showed active
volcanoes spewing liquid sulfur to heights of 60 km above the surface of this moon. If the value of g on
Io is 2.0 m/s , estimate the speed with which the liquid sulfur left the volcano.
2

490 m/s

What is the minimum amount of energy required for an 60-kg climber carrying a 5-kg pack to climb
Mt. Everest, 8,150 m high?

5.19 MJ

When an object is dropped from a tower, what is the effect of the air resistance as it

falls? None of the above choices are valid.

The SI units for k, the spring constant, are equivalent to:

. kg / s .
2

A 60-kg woman runs up a flight of stairs having a rise of 4.1 m in a time of 4.2 s. What average power
did she supply?

574 W

An Earth satellite is orbiting at a distance from the Earth's surface equal to two Earth radii. At
this location, the acceleration due to gravity is what factor times the value of g at the Earth's
surface?

1/9

At an altitude of 3 times the radius of the Earth, the acceleration due to gravity

is Not given

A 0.40-kg mass, attached to the end of a 0.75-m string, is whirled around in a circular horizontal path.
If the maximum tension that the string can withstand is 400 N, then what maximum speed can the
mass have if the string is not to break?
27 m/s

A 15.0-kg box starts at rest and slides 4.5 m down a ramp inclined at an angle of 10° with the
horizontal. If there is no friction between the ramp surface and crate, what is the velocity of the crate at
the bottom of the ramp? (g = 9.8 m/s ) 2
3.91 m/s

A golf ball hits a wall and bounces back at 2/5 the original speed. What part of the original kinetic
energy of the ball did it lose in the collision?

21/25

Geosynchronous satellites orbit the Earth at a distance of 42,000 km from the Earth's center.
Their angular speed at this height is the same as the rotation rate of the Earth, so they appear
stationary at certain locations in the sky. What is the force acting on a 2000-kg satellite at this
height? The radius of

the Earth is . (Hint: Use that gravity behaves as .)

455N

Which of the following is that form of energy associated with an object's location in a conservative
force field?

Potential

A 100-W light bulb is left on for 20.0 hours. Over this period of time, how much energy did the bulb

use? 7.2 MJ

If the momentum of an object is tripled, its kinetic energy will change by what

factor? Nine

Alex throws a 0.10-kg rubber ball down onto the floor. The ball's speed just before impact is 5.5
m/s, and just after is 2.5 m/s. What is the change in the magnitude of the ball's momentum?

0.8 kg⋅m/s

A baseball outfielder throws a baseball of mass 0.15 kg at a speed of 30 m/s and initial angle of
30°. What is the kinetic energy of the baseball at the highest point of the trajectory? Ignore air
friction.

51J

A billiard ball (Ball #1) moving at 6.00 m/s strikes a stationary ball (Ball #2) of the same mass. After
the collision, Ball #1 moves at a speed of 5.25 m/s. Find the speed of Ball #2 after the collision.

2.90
During a snowball fight two balls with masses of 0.4 and 0.6 kg, respectively, are thrown in such
a manner that they meet head-on and combine to form a single mass. The magnitude of initial velocity
for each is 16 m/s. What is the speed of the 1.0-kg mass immediately after collision?

3.2m/s
Yuri, a Russian weightlifter, is able to lift 300 kg a distance 2.00 m in 2.00 s. What is his power

output? 2.94 kW

How fast would a 1000-kg car be traveling if it had a kinetic energy equal to 1000

Calories? 91 m/s

A 5.00-g bullet is fired into a 580-g block of wood suspended as a ballistic pendulum. The
combined mass swings up to a height of 10 cm. What was the magnitude of the momentum of the
combined mass immediately after the collision?

0.819 kg·m/s

A bobsled makes a run down an ice track starting at 66 m vertical distance up the hill. If there is
no friction, what is the velocity at the bottom of the hill?

36 m/s

A worker pushes a sled with a force of 40 N over a level distance of 6.0 m. If a frictional force of 16
N acts on the wheelbarrow in a direction opposite to that of the worker, what total work is done on
the wheelbarrow?

144 J

By how much is the energy stored in a Hooke's law spring increased when its stretch is increased
from 4.00 cm to 8.00 cm?

300%

A Hooke's law spring is compressed 12.0 cm from equilibrium and the potential energy stored is 36.0
J. What is the spring constant in this case?

5000 N/m

A 2.00-kg ball has zero potential and kinetic energy. Maria drops the ball into a 20.0-m deep well.
After the ball comes to a stop in the mud, the sum of its potential and kinetic energy is:

−392 J.
When a Hooke's law spring is stretched a distance 3x, how much is the increase in energy stored in
it from when it was stretched a distance x? Give your answer in terms of a multiple of the energy
stored in the spring when it is stretched a distance x.

It is 9 times as much.
A 6-kg object is moving to the right at 4 m/s and collides with a 4-kg object moving to the left at 6
m/s. The objects collide and stick together. After the collision, the combined object:

has no kinetic energy.

A railroad freight car, mass 15,000 kg, is allowed to coast along a level track at a speed of 2.0 m/s.
It collides and couples with a 60,000-kg loaded second car, initially at rest and with brakes released.
What percentage of the initial kinetic energy of the 15,000-kg car is preserved in the two-coupled cars
after collision?

20%

Calculate the linear speed due to the Earth's rotation for a person at a point on its surface located
at 40° N latitude. The radius of the Earth is 6.40 × 10 m.
6

357 m/s

An asteroid has a perihelion (the orbit's closest approach to the sun) of 1.5 AU and a period
of revolution of 8.0 y. What is its greatest distance from the sun (its aphelion)?

6.5 AU

The Earth is 93 million miles (mi) from the Sun and its period of revolution is 1 year = 3.15 × 10 s.7

What is the acceleration of the Earth in its orbit about the Sun?
3.7 × 10 mi/s
−6 2

A helicopter stays aloft by pushing large quantities of air downward every second. What mass of air
must be pushed downward at 30.0 m/s every second to keep a 1000 kg helicopter aloft? 327 kg

Two skaters, both of mass 75 kg, are initially at rest on skates on a frictionless ice pond. One
skater throws a 0.3-kg ball at 10 m/s to his friend, who catches it and throws it back at 10 m/s. When
the first skater has caught the returned ball, what is the velocity of each of the two skaters?

0.08 m/s, moving apart

A 75-kg swimmer dives horizontally off a 250-kg raft initially at rest. If the diver's speed
immediately after leaving the raft is 2 m/s, what is the corresponding raft speed?

0.6 m/s

1400 rev/min is equivalent to which of the following?

147 rad/s

A 3.0-kg mass is placed at (4.0, 5.0) m, and a 6.0-kg mass is placed at (4.0, −5.0) m. What is the
moment of inertia of this system of masses about the z axis?

369 kg·m 2
A grindstone spinning at the rate of 12 rev/s has what approximate angular

speed? 74rad

A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.15-kg ball using only the rotation of
his forearm, 0.26 m in length, to accelerate the ball. If the ball starts at rest and is released with a
speed of 23 m/s in a time of 0.4 s, what torque is applied to the ball while being held by the pitcher's
hand to produce the angular acceleration?

2.2 N·m

A spool of thread has an average radius of 1.00 cm. If the spool contains 135 m of thread, how
many turns of thread are on the spool? "Average radius" allows us to not need to treat the layering of
threads on lower layers.

2,200m

A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.025 rad/s . What is the
2

time interval required for it to reach a 10-rad displacement after starting from rest?
28

A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.16 rad/s, accelerates over a 7.0-s interval at
a rate of 0.050 rad/s . What is its angular speed after this 7.0-s interval?
2

0.51

A 0.30-m radius automobile tire rotates how many rad after starting from rest and accelerating at
a constant 4.0 rad/s over a 3.0-s interval?
2

18

A uniform meterstick balances on a fulcrum placed at the 40-cm mark when a weight W is placed at
the 20-cm mark. What is the weight of the meterstick?

3W

A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (2.0, 3.0) m, and a 7.0-kg mass is placed at (2.0, −3.0) m. What is the
moment of inertia of this system of masses about the y axis?

44

Which of the first units given below can be units for angular acceleration while the second units can
be units for angular velocity?

rad/s , deg/hour
2
A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right angles to make an
"x" shape. Each baton was 0.70 m long and each ball on the end is 0.10 kg. (Ignore the mass of the
rods.) What is the moment of inertia if the arrangement is spun around an axis through the
center perpendicular to both rods?

0.049 kg·m 2

A solid sphere of radius R is placed on an incline that makes an angle with the horizontal.
The sphere rolls down the incline without slipping. What is its acceleration?

5/7g sin teta

A non-uniform rod of length L and mass M is pivoted about one end. The moment of inertia of this rod

about its pivoted end is 1 . Attached to the rod is a mass 3M at its midpoint and at the end opposite the
pivot is another mass 2M. What is the moment of inertia of this configuration about the pivot?
3

An asteroid in orbit about the Sun has a linear speed of 4 km/s when at a distance of
closest approach d from the sun. What is its linear speed when it is at its greatest distance from
the sun, a distance 4d?

1km/s

A uniform rod of length L and mass M is pivoted about one end. Attached to the rod is a mass M at
its midpoint and at the end opposite the pivot is another mass M. What is the moment of inertia of
this configuration about the pivot?

19ML2/12

A 0.300-kg object is swung in a circular path and in a vertical plane on a 0.500-m length string. If
the angular speed at the bottom is 8.00 rad/s, what is the tension in the string when the object is at
the bottom of the circle?

12.54N

A meterstick is supported by a knife-edge at the 50-cm mark. Doug hangs masses of 0.40 and 0.60
kg from the 5-cm and 70-cm marks, respectively. Where should Doug hang a third mass of 0.20 kg to
keep the stick balanced?

80CM

An object of mass 0.50 kg is transported to the surface of Planet X where the object's weight
is measured to be 10 N. The radius of the planet is 4.0 × 10 m. What is the mass of Planet X?
6

(G = 6.67 × 10 N × m /kg )
−11 2 2

4.8x10
A billiard ball (Ball #1) moving at 5.00 m/s strikes a stationary ball (Ball #2) of the same mass. After
the elastic collision, Ball #1 moves at a speed of 3.50 m/s. Find the speed of Ball #2 after the
collision.

3.57m/s

A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 7.0 kg-mass is placed at (3.0, −4.0) m. What is the
moment of inertia of this system of masses about the z axis?

275 kg·m 2\

A 0.10-kg ball is moving at 5 m/s when it is hit by a bat, causing it to reverse direction and have a
speed of 12 m/s. What is the change in the magnitude of the momentum of the ball?

1.7 kg⋅m/s
A 0.19-m radius grinding wheel takes 2.8 s to speed up from 3.0 rad/s to 12.0 rad/s. What is the
wheel's average angular acceleration?

3.2 rad/s 2

The cutting cord on a gas-powered weed cutter is 0.20 m in length. If the motor rotates at the rate of
20 rev/s, what is the tangential speed of the end of the cord?

25

A 30-kg object sitting at rest is struck elastically in a head-on collision with a 10-kg object initially
moving at +3.0 m/s. Find the final velocity of the 30 kg object after the collision.

+1.5 m/s

A 20-kg object sitting at rest is struck elastically in a head-on collision with a 12-kg object initially
moving at +4.0 m/s. Find the final velocity of the 20-kg object after the collision.

A girl and her bicycle have a total mass of 45 kg. At the top of the hill her speed is 5.0 m/s. The hill
is 15 m high and 115 m long. If the force of friction as she rides down the hill is 21 N, what is her
speed at the bottom?

14.5

A roller coaster, loaded with passengers, has a mass of 3000 kg; the radius of curvature of the track
at the bottom point of the dip is 24 m. If the vehicle has a speed of 18 m/s at this point, what force
is exerted on the vehicle by the track? (g = 9.8 m/s ) 2

7.0 × 10 N4
A 200-N uniform ladder, 12.0 m long, rests against a smooth vertical wall. The coefficient of
static friction between ladder and floor is 0.35. What minimum angle can the ladder make with the floor
before it slips?

55°

Adisa pulls a 50-N crate up a 5.0-m long inclined plane at a constant velocity. If the plane is inclined at
an angle of 37° to the horizontal and there is a constant force of friction of 10 N between the crate and
the surface, what is the net change in potential energy of the crate?

150 J
Alex throws a 0.43-kg rubber ball down onto the floor. The ball's speed just before impact is 6.5
m/s, and just after is 5.5 m/s. What is the magnitude of the change in the ball's momentum?

5.2 kg m/s

At liftoff, the engines of the Saturn V rocket consumed 14,000 kg/s of fuel and exhausted
the combustion products at 2900 m/s. What was the total upward force (thrust) provided by the
engines?

4.06 × 10 N 7

A 2,500-kg ore car rolls 75.0 m down a frictionless 10.0° incline. If there is a horizontal spring at the
end of the incline, what spring constant is required to stop the ore car in a distance of 1.00 m?

647 kN/m

An unfueled 1 000-kg experimental rocket sled on level frictionless rails is loaded with 50 kg
of propellant. It exhausts the propellant in a 20 s "burn." If the rocket, initially at rest, moves at 160
m/s after the burn, what impulse is experienced by the rocket sled?

1.6 × 10 kg·m/s
5

A 73-kg swimmer dives horizontally off a 500-kg raft. The diver's speed immediately after leaving
the raft is 5.0 m/s. A micro-sensor system attached to the edge of the raft measures the time interval
during which the diver applies an impulse to the raft just prior to leaving the raft surface. If the time
interval is read as 0.20 s, what is the magnitude of the average horizontal force by diver on the raft?

1,825 N

A tetherball is attached to a pole with a 2.0-m rope. It is circling at 0.20 rev/s. As the rope wraps
around the pole, it shortens. How long is the rope when the ball is moving at 6.0 m/s?

Spherical particles of density 1.6 g/cm are shaken in a container of water (viscosity = 1.0 ×10
3 −3

N⋅s/m ). The water is 8.0 cm deep and is allowed to stand for 30 minutes. What is the radius of the
3

largest particles still in suspension at that time?

5.6x10-6
A bowling ball has a mass of 7.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 2.8 × 10 kg·m , and a radius of 0.10 m. If
−2 2

it rolls down the lane without slipping at a linear speed of 3.7 m/s, what is its total kinetic energy?

67.1J

A tetherball is attached to a pole with a 2.0-m rope. It is circling at 0.20 rev/s. As the rope wraps
around the pole, it shortens. How long is the rope when the ball is moving at 6.0 m/s?

0.83
Three disks have the same mass and the same total kinetic energy. Disk #1 has radius R, disk #2
has radius 2R, and disk #3 has radius 3R. Which one has the highest v ? translational

The all have the same v .

translational

A pipe of diameter four cm is replaced by one of the same length but of diameter twelve cm. If
the pressure difference between the ends of the pipe remains the same, by what factor is the rate of flow
of a viscous liquid through it changed?

81

The Garfield Thomas water tunnel at Pennsylvania State University has a circular cross-section
that constricts from a diameter of 3.6 m to the test section, which is 1.2 m in diameter. If the speed of
flow is 4.0 m/s in the large-diameter pipe, determine the speed of flow in the test section.

36

A 2.0-kg mass in the xy plane is moving in the negative x direction at 3.0 m/s along the line y = 5.0 m.
As the mass passes across the y axis (i.e., passing the point (x, y = 0, 5.0 m)), what is its angular
momentum with respect to the z axis?

30 SI units

When gasoline is burned, it gives off 43,000 J/g of heat energy. If an automobile uses 12.6 kg of
gasoline per hour with an efficiency of 23%, what is the average horsepower output of the engine? (1
hp = 746 W)

46

A wave travels in a string at 60 m/s. A second string of 40% greater linear density has the same
tension applied as in the first string. What will be the resulting wave speed in the second string?

51

1.9 kilogram of water at 1.00 atm at the boiling point of 100°C is heated until all the water
vaporizes. What is its change in entropy? (For water, L = 2.26 × 10 J/kg)
v
6

11,512 J/K
A cylinder containing an ideal gas has a volume of 2 m and a pressure of 2 × 10 Pa at a temperature
3 5

of 320 K. The cylinder is placed against a metal block that is maintained at 860 K and the gas expands
as the pressure remains constant until the temperature of the gas reaches 860 K. The change in
internal energy of the gas is 6.1 × 10 J. Find the change in entropy of the block associated with the heat
5

transfer to the gas.

-1,130 J/K
On an average diet, the consumption of 12 liters of oxygen releases how much energy? (4.3 kcal
are released per liter of oxygen consumed.)

216 Kj

A stonecutter's chisel has an edge area of 0.45 cm . If the chisel is struck with a force of 46 N, what is
2

the pressure exerted on the stone?

e. 1 022 000 Pa
A 20-kg piece of aluminum (which has a specific heat of 900 J/kg · °C) is warmed so that its
temperature increases by 5.0°C. How much heat was transferred into it?

Select one:
a. 9.0 × 10 J
4

Tripling the tension in a guitar string will change its natural frequency by what

factor? Select one:

a. 1.5
b. 3
c. 3-1/2

d. 31/2
A traveling wave train has wavelength 1.0 m and speed 20 m/s. Find the wave

frequency. Select one:

a. 10 Hz
b. 40 Hz
c. 20 Hz
d. 0.025 Hz
As a copper wire is heated, its length increases by 0.200%. What is the change of the temperature of
the wire? (α = 16.6 × 10 /C°)
Cu
−6

Select one:
a. 30.1°C
b. 6.0°C
c. 120°C
d. 60.2°C
A train station bell gives off a fundamental tone of 1000 Hz as the train approaches the station at a
speed of 20.0 m/s. If the speed of sound in air is 335 m/s, what will be the apparent frequency of the
bell to an observer riding the train?

Select one:
a. 943 Hz
b. 1060 Hz
c. 1070 Hz
d. 940 Hz
In order to overcome a surface tension of a fluid, a force of 1.35 × 10 N is required to lift a wire ring
−2

of circumference 12.0 cm. What is the surface tension of the fluid?

Select one:
a. 5.625 N/m
b. 0.556 N/m
c. 0.113 N/m
d. 0.056 N/m
e. 16.2 N/m
A bus is designed to draw its power from a rotating flywheel that is brought up to its maximum
speed (3000 rpm) by an electric motor. The flywheel is a solid cylinder of mass 250 kg and radius
0.500 m (I = MR /2). If the bus requires an average power of 10.0 kW, how long will the flywheel
cylinder
2

rotate?
Select one:
a. 308 s
b. 617 s
c. 154 s
d. 463 s
12.8 Standing Waves

If a guitar string has a fundamental frequency of 250 Hz, what is the frequency of its third

harmonic? Select one:

a. 750 Hz
b. 1000 Hz
c. 1500 Hz
d. 250 Hz
Check
A phase difference of 120° corresponds to what wavelength difference?

Select one:
a. 120λ

b. λ
c. 3λ

d. λ
e. 1λ
The Sun is a slightly variable star. What if the surface temperature of the Sun were to increase from
6000 K to 6100 K, what would be the increase in total power radiated assuming no other changes such as
radius or emissivity?

Select one:
a. 6.8%
b. 14%
c. 1.6%
d. 3.4%
What is the intensity level of a sound with intensity of 5.0 × 10 W/m ? (I = 10
−11 2
0
−12

W/m ) Select one:

2

a. 27 dB
b. 17 dB
c. 74 dB
d. 54 dB
Three identical springs, each with spring constant k, are attached in parallel to a mass, which is then
set into simple harmonic motion. What would be the spring constant of a single spring which would
result in the same frequency of oscillation as the parallel springs?

Select one:

a.
b. k/3
c. k
d. 3k
A 100-m long high-voltage cable is suspended between two towers. The mass of the 100-m cable is
200 kg. If the tension in the cable is 20,000 N, what is the lowest frequency at which this cable can
oscillate?

Select one:
a. 0.75 Hz
b. 0.50 Hz
c. 1.5 Hz
d. 0.61 Hz
Check

Two tuning forks sounding together result in a beat frequency of 3 Hz. If the frequency of one of the
forks is 512 Hz, what is the frequency of the other?

Select one:
a. 518 Hz or 506 Hz
b. 85 Hz
c. 509 Hz or 515 Hz
d. 105 Hz
13.1 Sound Is a Longitudinal Wave

The speed of sound at 0°C is 331 m/s. What is the speed of sound at 32°C? (0°C = 273

K) Select one:

a. 350 m/s
b. 356 m/s
c. 346 m/s
d. 343 m/s
A windowpane is half a centimeter thick and has an area of 2.0 m . The temperature difference
2

between the inside and outside surfaces of the pane is 15°C. What is the rate of heat flow through this
window? (Thermal conductivity for this glass is 0.84 W / m ·°C.)

Select one:
a. 1300 J/s
b. 630 J/s
c. 2500 J/s
d. 5000 J/s
The water behind Grand Coulee Dam is 1 200 m wide and 200 m deep. Find the hydrostatic force on
the back of the dam. (Hint: the total force = average pressure × area)

e. 23.52 × 10 N
10

Water is being sprayed from a nozzle at the end of a garden hose of diameter 2.5 cm. If the nozzle has
an opening of diameter 1.0 cm, and if the water leaves the nozzle at a speed of 14 m/s, what is the speed
of the water inside the hose?

Select one:
a. 3.24 m/s
b. 2.24 m/s
c. 0.01 m/s
d. also 14 m/s
e. 87.5 m/s
A solar heating system has a 25.0% conversion efficiency; the solar radiation incident on the panels
is 1000 W/m . What is the increase in temperature of 40.0-kg of water in a 1.00-h period by a 4.00 m
2 2

area collector? (c = 4186 J/kg · °C)

w

Select one:
a. 28.7°C
b. 44.3°C
c. 14.3°C
d. 21.5°C
For a wave traveling in a string, by what factor would the tension need to be increased to triple the
wave speed?

Select one:
a. 3.0
b. 9.0
c. 2.7
d. 1.7

ANSWERS PHYSICS

A 0.400-kg rock is swung in a circular path and in a vertical plane on a 0.5-m

length string. At the top of the path, the angular speed is 10.0 rad/s. What is
the tension in the string at that point
16.08 N

A copper wire of length 2.0 m, cross sectional area 7.1 × 10 m and Young's
−6 2

modulus 11 × 10 N/m has a 180-kg load hung on it. What is its increase in leng
10 2

4.5 mm

I place a 500-g ice cube (initially at 0°C) in a Styrofoam box with wall thickness
1.8 cm and total surface area 600 cm . If the air surrounding the box is at 15°C
2

and after 11 hours the ice is comple

2.4 × 10 cal/s⋅cm⋅°C
−6

A disk has a moment of inertia of 3.0 × 10 kg·m and rotates with an angular
−4 2

speed of 3.5 rad/sec. What net torque must be applied to bring it to rest
within 3.7 s?
2.8 × 10 N·m
−4
A piece of copper of mass 160 g is being drilled through with a / " electric drill.
1
2

The drill operates at 25.0 W and takes 25.0 s to bore through the copper. If all
the energy from the drill heats the co

10.1 C°

A simple pendulum has a mass of 0.50 kg and a length of 1.0 m. It is displaced

through an angle of 30° and then released. After a time, the maximum angle of
swing is only 10°. How much energy has been lost
0.58 J

A 0.20-m radius grinding wheel starts at rest and develops an angular speed of 9
rad/s in 3 s. What is the average tangential acceleration of a point on the wheel'
0.6 m/s 2

Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 10 N/m , and the density of air is 1.29 kg/m .
5 2 3

If the density of air is constant as you get higher and higher, calculate the
height of the atmosphere needed to produc
7 900 m

The flow rate of blood through the average human aorta, of radius 1.0 cm, is
about 90 cm /s. What is the speed of the blood flow thr
3

29 cm/s

A 100-N uniform ladder, 8.0 m long, rests against a smooth vertical wall. The
coefficient of static friction between ladder and floor is 0.30. What minimum
ang
. 51°
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is
wound around a 0.050-m radius cylinder at the top of a well. The bucket is
raised to the top of the well and released. The bucket is moving with a speed of
6.0 m/s upon hitting the water surface in the well. What is the an
120 rad/s

A simple pendulum of length 2.00 m has a mass of 100 g attached. It is

drawn back 30.0° and then released. What is the maximum speed of the
m
1.62 m/

A Ferris wheel starts at rest and builds up to a final angular speed of 0.70 rad/s
while rotating through an angular displacement of 2.5 rad. What is its average
ang
0.098 ra

A hole is poked through the metal side of a drum holding water. The hole is
19 cm below the water surface. What is the initial sp
1.9 m/s
Water (density = 1 × 10 kg/m ) flows at 15.5 m/s through a pipe with radius 0.040
3 3

m.The pipe goes up to the second floor of the building, 3.5 m higher, and th
13 m/s

How much air must be pushed downward at 50.0 m/s to keep an

840-kg helicopter aloft? 165 kg/s

Marc attaches a falling 500-kg object with a rope through a pulley to a paddle
wheel shaft. He places the system in a well-insulated tank holding 35 kg of
water. When the object falls, it causes the paddle wheel to rotate and churn the
water. If the object falls a vertical distance of 90 m at constant spe
3.0 C°

A puddle holds 190 g of water. If 1.1 g of water evaporates from the surface,
what is the approximate temperature change of the remaining water? (L
−3.1 C°

A 2.0-kg mass in the xy plane is moving in the negative x direction at 3.0 m/s
along the line y = 5.0 m. As the mass passes across the y axis (i.e., pass
30 SI units

Halving the mass of the bob on a simple pendulum will cause a change in the
frequency of the pendulum swing by what fac
1.0
A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right
angles to make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.90 m long and each ball on
the end is 0.20 kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of
inertia if the arrangement is spun around an axis formed by one of the b
0.19 kg·m 2

A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.20-kg ball

using only the rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the
ball. What is
2.0 × 10 kg·m
−2 2

he condition for onset of turbulent flow is that the Reynolds

Number reaches what val 3 000

A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.50 rad/s, accelerates

over a 4.0-s interval at a rate of 0.10 rad/s . What angular displacement does
2

the Ferris wheel und

2.80 rad

A mass-spring system on a horizontal frictionless surface is set in simple

harmonic motion with amplitude A. The mass is then doubled and the system is
again set into simple harmonic motion with the same amplitude. Which of the
following is true about the total mechanical energy of the system due to do
It has not changed.

An adiabatic expansion refers to the fact th

no heat is transferred between a system and its surroundings.

A train station bell gives off a fundamental tone of 1000 Hz as the train
approaches the station at a speed of 20.0 m/s. If the speed of sound in air is 335
m/s, what will be the appa
1060 Hz

An object moving in simple harmonic motion has an amplitude of 0.07 m and a

maximum acceleration of 50 m/s . What is the frequency of the syst
2

3.5 Hz

On an average diet, the consumption of 12 liters of

oxygen releases how much e 216 kJ

If one could observe the individual atoms making up a piece of matter and note
that during a process of change their motion somehow became more orderly,
then one may assume which of the following in regard to t
positive work done on
By what factor must one change the weight suspended vertically from a spring
coil in order to two times its period of simple harmonic motion?
Select one:
a. 4.0
b. 2.0
c. 0.5
d. 1.0
e. 1/4
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Question text

A tiny spring, with a spring constant of 1.2 N/m, will be stretched to what
displacement by a 0.0055-N force?

Select one:
a. 4.6 mm
b. 13.8 mm
c. 9.2 mm
d. 3.3 mm
e. 6.6 mm
Clear my choice

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Tripling the weight suspended vertically from a coil spring will result in a change
in the displacement of the spring's lower end by what factor?

Select one:
a. 0.11
b. 3.0
c. 0.33
d. 1.0
e. 9.0

13.2 Amplitude and Intensity of a Sound Wave

If the distance between a point sound source and a dB detector is increased by a

factor of 10, what will be the reduction in intensity level?
Select one:
a. 10 dB
b. 16 dB
c. 32 dB
d. 20 dB
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A 0.23-kg mass is oscillating on a spring over a horizontal frictionless surface.

When it is at a displacement of 2.2 cm for equilibrium it has a kinetic energy of
1.7 J and a spring potential energy of 2.8 J. What is the maximum speed of the
mass during its oscillation?

Select one:
a. 6.3 m/s
b. 3 m/s
c. 4.4 m/s
d. 4.4 m/s
e. 0.2 m/s
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12.8 Standing Waves

If the tension on a guitar string is increased by a factor of 2, the
fundamental frequency at which it vibrates is changed by what factor?
Select one:
a. 21/2

b. 2
c. 0.5
d. 2-1/2

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On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point and both
ending at the same final increased volume. One curve is for an isothermal
process; the other is for an adiabatic process. What does the area between
these two curves represent?
Select one:
a. W done by the adiabatic process.
b. Q absorbed by the isothermal process.
c. Neither Q, W, nor ΔU for either of the processes is represented.
d. ΔU for the isothermal process.
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12.8 Standing Waves

A standing wave is set up in a 2.0-m string fixed at both ends. The string
vibrates in 3 distinct segments when driven by a 120-Hz source. In how many
distinct standing wave segments will the string vibrate if the tension is
increased by a factor of 4?
Select one:
a. 9
b. 3
c. 6
d. No standing wave pattern occurs.
Clear my choice

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A 0.22-kg object is oscillating on a spring with a spring constant of k = 18

N/m. What is the potential energy of the system when the object
displacement is 0.051 m, exactly half the maximum amplitude?

Select one:
a. 0.023 J
b. 0.459 J
c. 0.047 0 J
d. 9 J
e. zero
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12.2 Describing Waves

If a radio wave has speed 3.00 × 10 m/s and frequency 99.7 MHz,
8

what is its wavelength? Select one:

a. 3.01 m
b. 2.78 m
c. 1.50 m
d. 8.78 m
Clear my choice

In which system is heat usually transferred from the cooler part to the warmer
part?
a refrigerator that is running

A traveling wave train has wavelength 1.0 m and speed 20 m/s. Find the wa

20 Hz

If the tension on a guitar string is increased by a factor of 2, the

fundamental frequency at which it vibrates is chan

sqreot2

A flute behaves like a tube open at both ends. If its length is 65.5 cm, and the
speed of sound is 340 m/s, what is its fun

260 Hz

If it is given that 546 K equals 273°C, then it follows that 423 K equals:

150°C.

A 0.36 kg object, attached to a spring with spring constant k = 10 N/m, is

moving on a horizontal frictionless surface in simple harmonic motion of
amplitude of 0.082 m. What is its speed at the instant when its displacement is
0.041 m? (Hint: Use conservation of energy.)

Select one:
a. 3.7 m/s
 b. 26.5 cm/s
c. 37.4 cm/s
d. 48.3 cm/s
e. 7.4 m/s
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Equal wavelength waves of amplitude 0.25 m and 0.19 m interfere with one
another. What is the resulting minimum amplitude that can result?

Select one:
a. −0.44 m
b. 0.19 m
c. 0.22 m
d. 0 m
e. 0.06 m
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If the intensity of a sound is increased by a factor of 100, how is the decibel
level changed? The new decibel level will be:
Select one:
a. twenty units greater.
b. double the old one.
c. ten times greater.
d. two units greater.
Clear my choice

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The Carnot cycle consists of a combination of

____ and ____ processes. Select one:
a. isobaric, isothermal
b. isobaric, isovolumetric
c. adiabatic, isothermal
d. isovolumetric, adiabatic
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In which system is heat usually transferred from the cooler

part to the warmer part?

Select one:
a. an electric fan that is running
b. none of the above, because it is impossible to transfer
heat in this manner c. a stove as it heats up water
d. a refrigerator that is running
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What is the intensity level of a sound with intensity of 4.0 × 10 −10

W/m ? ( I = 10 W/m ) Select one:

2
0
−12 2

a. 60 dB
b. 6.0 dB
c. 26 dB
d. 2.6 dB
e. 20 dB
Clear my choice

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12.2 Describing Waves

A traveling wave train has wavelength 1.0 m and speed 20 m/s.

Find the wave frequency. Select one:
a. 0.025 Hz
b. 40 Hz
c. 10 Hz
d. 20 Hz
Clear my choice

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The P-V diagram of a cyclic process shows a curve that encloses an area. The
work done by the heat engine, represented by the enclosed area, is positive
when the path around the area proceeds in which of the following fashions?
Select one:
a. clockwise
b. counterclockwise
c. It is always negative.
d. It is always positive.
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If the tension on a guitar string is increased by a factor of 2, the

fundamental frequency at which it vibrates is changed by what factor?
Select one:
a. 1/

b. 2
c. 4
d. 0.5
e. 1/2
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A gasoline engine with an efficiency of 28.1% operates between a high

temperature T and a low temperature T = 310 K. If this engine operates with
1 2

Carnot efficiency, what is the high-side temperature T ?

1

Select one:
a. 223 K
b. 1,103 K
c. 834 K
d. 431 K
e. 600 K
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14.4 Phases of Matter and Phase Changes

A 0.2-kg aluminum plate, initially at 20°C, slides down a 10-m long surface,
inclined at a 30° angle to the horizontal. The force of kinetic friction exactly
balances the component of gravity down the plane so that the plate, once started,
glides down at constant velocity. If 90% of the mechanical energy of the system
is absorbed by the aluminum, what is its temperature increase at the bottom of
the incline? (Specific heat for aluminum is 900 J/kg · °C.)
Select one:
a. 0.05°C
b. 0.03°C
c. 0.16°C
d. 0.07°C
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A standing wave is set up in a 5-m string fixed at both ends. The string vibrates
in 8 distinct segments when driven by a 140-Hz source. In how many distinct
standing wave segments will the string vibrate if the tension is increased by a
factor of 5?
Select one:
a. 40
b. 88
c. 3
d. No standing wave pattern occurs.
e. 20
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If I = 10 W/m is the threshold of hearing, a sound with intensity I = 10 W/m
0
−12 2
1
−11 2

will give a certain decibel level. Suppose a new sound has an intensity I = 2

3I /I . What is the new decibel level? Select one:

1
2
0

a. 2.5 dB
b. it will square the decibel level
c. 25 dB
d. 100 dB
e. 3 dB
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13.5 Reflection and Scattering of Sound

13.6 The Doppler Effect

A sound source of frequency 1000 Hz moves at 40.0 m/s toward a listener

who is at rest. What is the apparent frequency heard by the listener? (speed
of sound = 340 m/s)
Select one:
a. 853 Hz
b. 1130 Hz
c. 872 Hz
d. 1170 Hz
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A flute behaves like a tube open at both ends. If its length is 65.5 cm, and the
speed of sound is 340 m/s, what is its fundamental frequency in Hz?
Select one:
a. 519 Hz
b. 164 Hz
c. 130 Hz
d. 655 Hz
e. 260 Hz
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14.4 Phases of Matter and Phase Changes

An 100-g piece of copper, initially at 295°C, is dropped into 250 g of water

contained in a 300-g aluminum calorimeter; the water and calorimeter are
initially at 10.0°C. What is the final temperature of the system? (Specific heats of
copper and aluminum are 0.0920 and 0.215 cal/g·°C, respectively. c = 1.00
w

cal/g·°C)
Select one:
a. 32.1°C
b. 16.5°C
c. 18.1°C
d. 12.8°C
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A heat engine operating between a pair of hot and cold reservoirs with
respective temperatures of 400 K and 200 K will have what maximum
efficiency?

Select one:
a. 50%
b. 40%
c. 45%
d. 25%
e. 50%
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A string of length L with fixed ends is made to go into standing wave

patterns. What is the longest wavelength associated with all possible
standing wave patterns in this situation? Select one:
a. L
b. L/4
c. L/2
d. 2L
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14.6 Heat Conduction

Carly places one end of a steel bar in a Bunsen flame and the other end in an
ice cube. By what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the bar's cross-
sectional area is tripled?
Select one:
a. 0.33
b. 9.0
c. 3.0
d. 1/9
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14.2 Temperature and Heat

If it is given that 546 K equals 273°C, then it

follows that 423 K equals: Select one:
a. 150°C.
b. 127°C.
c. 473°C.
d. 1200°C.