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Mode Participation Factor and Effective Mass: Modal Analysis - Lesson 4

The document discusses mode participation factor and effective mass, which quantify how important individual modes are to the dynamic response of a structure. The mode participation factor is calculated using the mass matrix and mode shapes. The effective mass is the square of the participation factor and indicates how much mass participates in each mode. For a recreational drone with one million degrees of freedom, only the first few modes with high participation factors and effective masses significantly contribute to deformation. The document provides an example calculation of participation factors and effective masses for a simple 2-degree-of-freedom spring-mass system.

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Horia Petrescu
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
68 views

Mode Participation Factor and Effective Mass: Modal Analysis - Lesson 4

The document discusses mode participation factor and effective mass, which quantify how important individual modes are to the dynamic response of a structure. The mode participation factor is calculated using the mass matrix and mode shapes. The effective mass is the square of the participation factor and indicates how much mass participates in each mode. For a recreational drone with one million degrees of freedom, only the first few modes with high participation factors and effective masses significantly contribute to deformation. The document provides an example calculation of participation factors and effective masses for a simple 2-degree-of-freedom spring-mass system.

Uploaded by

Horia Petrescu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mode Participation Factor and

Effective Mass

Modal Analysis – Lesson 4


Mode Participation Factor
Is every natural frequency equally important?

• For a realistic model, we might have thousands or millions of DOFs, which means that
we can find that many natural frequencies.
• For example, take this recreational drone problem. There are one million DOFs, that’s
one million natural frequencies and modes. Is it necessary to find them all? Are they
important on the same level? The answer is no.
• In most cases, high frequency modes can be neglected. And not every mode
participates at the same level to the deformation of the structure under dynamic load.
• How do we determine what number of modes is sufficient to extract and how do
we find the most important natural frequencies or modes? To quantify these, we use
two simple scalars: the mode participation factor and the effective mass.

…
…
…

2
Mode Participation Factor (cont.)
Let’s see how the participation factor and effective mass are calculated.

• Participation factor
Mass Matrix

Mode shapes Excitation Direction Vector

where {D} is an assumed unit displacement vector and depends on the direction of excitation in
each of the global Cartesian directions and rotation about each of these axes.

• Effective mass

The square of the participation factor is the effective mass.


Mode Participation Factor (cont.)

• The mode participation factor and the effective mass measures the amount of mass moving in each direction
for each mode.
• Vector {D} represents the direction the participation factor is calculated in.
• A high value in a direction indicates that the mode will be excited by forces in that direction.

In some textbooks and articles, the effective mass here is called the participation factor. The participation factor
and effective mass serve similar roles in modal analysis.
Mode Participation Factor (cont.)
Let’s have a look at the modes of a recreational drone structure.
• 12 modes are extracted for this structure.
• The data shows the participation factor and the effective mass calculated in the z
direction.
• Modes 1, 5 and 11 contribute significantly to deformation in the z direction. These
modes are most easily excited in vibration.
Mode Participation Factor (cont.)
• In doing modal analysis, we should include most of the significant modes, meaning
that we should extract a sufficient number of modes to evaluate. This can be judged
by the ratio between the effective mas and the total mass.
• If the ratio of effective mass to total mass is close to 1, it means most of the
significant modes have been extracted.
• In this case, 12 modes were extracted. The ratio of effective mass to total mass
reached 0.88.
Mode Participation Factor: Solve a Simple Spring-Mass System
x2
Calculate the participation factor and effective mass of a 2-DOF spring-mass problem. m2

k3

x1
k2 m1

k1
y

Parameters

Variable Value

m1 2.0 kg
Since there are only two modes for this 2-DOF problem, the sum of the effective m2 1.0 kg
mass is 3 kg, the total mass of the system.
k1 1000 N/m

k2 2000 N/m

k3 3000 N/m

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