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    Model Un Position Paper Final

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    kellylm2013
    The document discusses providing clean drinking water in Sub-Saharan Africa. It notes that over 2 billion people lack access to clean drinking water and over 1 billion lack access to improved water sources. Diseases from unsafe water and lack of sanitation cause over 1.6 million deaths annually, primarily among young children. France proposes solutions like desalination to address water shortages. Desalination removes salt from water through distillation or membrane processes to make it suitable for drinking. While an important solution, its high costs require further research and development to minimize expenses and maximize access to clean water.

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    Model Un Position Paper Final

    Uploaded by

    kellylm2013
    529 views4 pages
    The document discusses providing clean drinking water in Sub-Saharan Africa. It notes that over 2 billion people lack access to clean drinking water and over 1 billion lack access to improved water sources. Diseases from unsafe water and lack of sanitation cause over 1.6 million deaths annually, primarily among young children. France proposes solutions like desalination to address water shortages. Desalination removes salt from water through distillation or membrane processes to make it suitable for drinking. While an important solution, its high costs require further research and development to minimize expenses and maximize access to clean water.

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    The document discusses providing clean drinking water in Sub-Saharan Africa. It notes that over 2 billion people lack access to clean drinking water and over 1 billion lack access to improved water sources. Diseases from unsafe water and lack of sanitation cause over 1.6 million deaths annually, primarily among young children. France proposes solutions like desalination to address water shortages. Desalination removes salt from water through distillation or membrane processes to make it suitable for drinking. While an important solution, its high costs require further research and development to minimize expenses and maximize access to clean water.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    529 views4 pages

    Model Un Position Paper Final

    Uploaded by

    kellylm2013
    The document discusses providing clean drinking water in Sub-Saharan Africa. It notes that over 2 billion people lack access to clean drinking water and over 1 billion lack access to improved water sources. Diseases from unsafe water and lack of sanitation cause over 1.6 million deaths annually, primarily among young children. France proposes solutions like desalination to address water shortages. Desalination removes salt from water through distillation or membrane processes to make it suitable for drinking. While an important solution, its high costs require further research and development to minimize expenses and maximize access to clean water.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Committee: World Health Organization (WHO)

    Topic: Providing Clean Drinking Water in Sub-Saharan Africa


    Country: France
    Delegate: Kelly Lam
    Sponsor: Ms. Bailey

    Position Paper

    The delegate of France would like to address the topic of “Providing Clean

    Drinking Water in Sub-Saharan Africa”. This topic focuses mainly on the health and the

    committee purpose is to discuss global health issues, such as malaria, tuberculosis,

    nutrition, and environmental sanitations. Due to the lack of water it can cause a lot of

    harm to certain countries. The lack of clean water can lead to health issues and even

    thousands of death. About 2.6 billion people, lack of clean drinking water and about 1.1

    billion people has no access to any type of improved drinking source of water. About 2.5

    million people lack access to improve sanitations, including 1.2 billion people who have

    no facilities at all. At least 80% of humanity lives on under $10 a day. Almost two in

    three people lacking access to clean water survive on less than $2 a day, with one in three

    living on less than $1 a day. More than 660 million people without sanitation lives on less

    than $2 a day, and more than 385 million on less than $1 a day. 1.8 billion People who

    have access to a water source consume about 20 liters per day. In the United Kingdom

    the average person uses more than 50 liters of water a day flushing toilets. The highest

    average water use in the world is the US, at 600 liters a day. This causes about 1.6

    million people to die each year due to diarrhea disease. Diarrhea remains in the second

    leading cause of death among children, especially to children 5 years and younger. It kills

    more young children than AIDS, malaria, and measles combined. Close to half of all the

    people in developing countries are suffering at any given time from a health problem
    caused by water and sanitation deficits. More than 80% of sewage in developing

    countries is discharged untreated, polluting rivers, lakes and coastal areas and is costly to

    treat, and requires continuous investment to ensure that the water we return to our

    waterways is as clean as possible. This is caused by the lack of sanitation that, they don’t

    have in rural areas and cause an infection. This is also a huge problem in certain

    countries. Today China, India, Kenya, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Peru, and other countries,

    confronts chronic water problems. Sub-Saharan Africa and Northern Sub Saharan Africa

    are the one suffering the most. So our goal today is to save water using and recycling the

    water that we currently have.

    France is currently having our own water issues, Water pollution is a serious

    problem in France due to the accumulation of industrial contaminants, agricultural

    nitrates, and waste from the nation's cities. France's cities produce about 18.7 million tons

    of solid waste per year. France has 180 cubic kilometers of renewable water resources

    with 73% used for industrial purposes and 12% used for farming. As of 1994, 20% of

    France's forests were damaged due to acid rain and other contaminants. The mid-1970s

    brought passage of laws governing air pollution, waste disposal; Air pollution is a

    significant environmental problem in France, which had the world's eleventh highest

    level of industrial carbon dioxide emissions. From a total of 93 mammal species, 13 are

    threatened, as are 7 of 269 breeding bird species, 3 of 32 types of reptiles, 2 of 32 types

    of amphibians, and 3 species of freshwater fish from a total of 53. As of 1985, 25% of all

    species known to have appeared in France were extinct, endangered, or in substantial

    regression. Extinct species include Perrin's cave beetle and the Sardinian Pika. . The

    world's water consumption rate is doubling every 20 years, outpacing by two times the
    rate of population growth. It is projected that by the year 2025 water demand will exceed

    supply by 56%, due to persistent regional droughts, shifting of the population to urban

    coastal cities, and water needed for industrial growth. The supply of fresh water is on the

    decrease. Water demand for food, industry and people is on the rise. Lack of fresh water

    reduces economic development and lowers living standards.

    France would like to offer the following solutions desalination, Desalination is

    one of mankind's earliest forms of water treatment, and it is still a popular treatment

    solution throughout the world today. Desalination is the process of removing soluble salts

    from water to render it suitable for drinking, irrigation, or industrial uses. In distillation,

    salt water is heated in one container to make the water evaporate, leaving the salt

    behind. The desalinated vapor is then condensed to form water in a separate container.

    The high fuel costs involved in vaporizing salt water can be reduced by using a vacuum

    to lower the boiling point or by exposing a water spray or film to high heat, a process

    known as flash distillation. Only 1 percent of the earth's water is liquid freshwater; 97

    percent of available water resources are contaminated by salt. This makes desalination an

    essential component of efforts to address water shortages, especially in densely populated

    coastal regions.

    There are different types of desalinations; thermal desalination methods include

    vapor distillation, multistage distillation and multiple-effect distillation. Thermal methods

    of desalination boil water and collect purified water vapor. Membrane methods of

    desalination include reverse osmosis and electro dialysis. Membrane processes use

    selective permeability to separate salts and water. There methods of desalination include

    freezing, solar dehumidification and membrane distillation (a combination of thermal and


    membrane methods). If we are to continue our current patterns of usage, countries all

    over the globe must rethink their drinking water sources. Especially in desert climates

    bordering an ocean, desalination can hold the answer. Its technology is still being

    perfected, but there are many research organizations working to minimize the cost,

    educate the public, encourage desalination plant construction, and eliminate any health

    hazards associated with reclaimed or contaminated water.

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