Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry Answers to self-assessment questions

Answers to SAQs
Chapter 15 c C2H6 + Br2 → C2H5Br + HBr
d A mixture of bromo-substituted ethane
1 a C20H42 compounds are formed, not pure
b bromoethane, so it would need to be
separated from the mixture.
2 a H H e i initiation, propagation and termination
H
C
H ii Br2 → 2Br•
C C
H H iii homolytic bond breaking
C C
H H
7 a ethene
H H
b C18H36
b CnH2n
c decane → hexane + but-1-ene
c Two from: cyclopentane is a cyclic molecule,
whereas pentane is a straight-chain d C9H20 → C7H16 + C2H4
molecule; pentane molecules have two more 8 a nickel catalyst (finely divided), 140 °C
hydrogen atoms than those of cyclopentane;
pentane molecules have two CH3 groups, b 1,2-dichloropropane
whereas cyclopentane molecules have only c Steam and ethene, in the presence of
CH2 groups. concentrated phosphoric acid catalyst, are
d decane reacted at a temperature of 330 °C and a
pressure of 6 MPa.
3 a no change d chloroethane
b The non-polar alkane would not react
with the charged ions in sodium hydroxide 9 a a species that accepts a pair of electrons
solution (nor with the polar water b When a chlorine molecule approaches an
molecules). ethene molecule, the area of high electron
density around the C=C bond tends to repel
4 a C7H16 + 11O2 → 7CO2 + 8H2O the bonding pair of electrons in the Cl–Cl
b CH4 + 1 12  O2 → CO + 2H2O bond away from the nearer Cl atom. This
or makes the nearer Cl atom slightly positive
2CH4 + 3O2 → 2CO + 4H2O and the further Cl atom slightly negative. The
c C9H20 + 9 12  O2 → 9CO + 10H2O chlorine atom with the partial positive charge
or is deficient in electrons and is now ready to
2C9H20 + 19O2 → 18CO + 20H2O accept an electron pair from the C=C bond.
c H H H H H H

5 a carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons C C H C C H H C C H

+
b nitrogen oxides H H Cl – Cl Cl
Cl δ+ Cl :
c carbon dioxide; enhanced greenhouse effect
δ–
/ global warming Cl

d the identity of each pollutant present and 10

a OH OH H
their concentrations (and monitoring how
H C C C H
they change over time)
H H H
6 a sunlight / ultraviolet light
propane-1,2-diol
b (free-radical) substitution

H OH OH H
Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry © Cambridge University Press 2014
H C C C C H
 OH OH H

H C C C H
Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry Answers to self-assessment questions
H H H

propane-1,2-diol

b H OH OH H 13

a The poly(alkene)s could be burnt in power
H C C C C H
stations to generate electricity instead of
using coal-, oil- or gas-fired power stations.
H H H H
b Carbon dioxide would be produced by
butane-2,3-diol burning poly(alkene)s (although not as much
as is produced by a coal-fired power station).
11

a i It breaks the C=C bonds and oxidises
the product molecules to give a mixture c carbon monoxide
of oxidation products (carboxylic acids, 14 but-1-ene
ketones and carbon dioxide).
ii Chemists can identify the oxidation
products and deduce the position of the
C=C bond in an alkene.
b but-1-ene (as there must be two hydrogen
atoms on one of the C=C carbon atoms
for CO2 to be produced, corresponding to
CH2=CHCH2CH3)
c i H
O H H O

H C C H C C C

OH H H OH
H
ethanoic acid propanoic acid

ii
C5H10 + 4[O] → CH3COOH + CH3CH2COOH
d i H O H H
O

H C C C H H C C

OH
H H H
propanone ethanoic acid

ii
(CH3)2C=CHCH3 + 3[O]
 → (CH3)2C=O + CH3COOH

12

a poly(tetrafluoroethene)
b addition polymerisation
c nC2F4 → –[C2F4]–n
where n = a very large number
d F F

C C

F F
n

Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry © Cambridge University Press 2014