TASK/ACTIVITY

PERSONAL CONCEPT MAP OF GLOBALIZATION:

This is a free association exercise of ideas. All you have to do is list all ideas you associate
with “globalization”. Based on the concepts you listed, synthesize your personal definition
of the globalization. Accomplish this activity in one whole sheet of paper.

Ideas I associate with “Globalization”…

Globalization makes it easier than ever to access foreign culture, including food,
movies, music, and art. This free flow of people, goods, art, and information is
the reason you can have Thai food delivered to your apartment as you listen to
your favorite UK-based artist or stream a Bollywood movie.
Many countries around the world remain constantly connected, so knowledge
and technological advances travel quickly. Because knowledge also transfers so
fast, this means that scientific advances made in Asia can be at work in the
United States in a matter of days.
Providing an incentive for countries to specialize and benefit from the
application of the principle of comparative advantage.
Access to larger markets means that firms may experience higher demand for
their products, as well as benefit from economies of scale, which leads to a
reduction in average production costs.
Globalization enables worldwide access to sources of cheap raw materials, and
this enables firms to be cost competitive in their own markets and in overseas
markets.
Seeking out the cheapest materials from around the world is called global
sourcing. Because of cost reductions and increased revenue, globalization can
generate increased profits for shareholders.
Globalization has led to increased flows of inward investment between
countries, which has created benefits for recipient countries. These benefits
include the sharing of knowledge and technology between countries.
In the long term, increased trade is likely to lead to the creation of more
employment in all countries that are involved.
It is the world economy which we think of as being globalized. We mean that the
whole of the world is increasingly behaving as though it were a part of a single market,
with interdependent production, consuming similar goods, and responding to the
same impulses. More simply, globalization refers to an open flow of information,
technology, and goods among countries and consumers. This openness occurs
through various relationships, from business, geopolitics, and technology to travel,
culture, and media.

Because the world is already so connected, most people don’t notice globalization
at work every single day. But the world is getting smaller, and companies need to
understand what this means for the future of doing business. Companies that don’t
embrace globalization risk losing a competitive advantage, which allows other
businesses to take over new opportunities in the global marketplace.

Globalization refers to the integration of markets in the global economy, leading

to the increased interconnectedness of national economies. Markets where
globalization is particularly significant include financial markets, such as capital
markets, money and credit markets, and insurance markets, commodity markets,
including markets for oil, coffee, tin, and gold, and product markets, such as markets
for motor vehicles and consumer electronics. The globalization of sport and
entertainment is also a feature of the late 20th and early 21st centuries

1. What are the 3 types of globalization critic?

1. Rejectionists -Scholars who dismiss the utility of globalization as an
analytical concept typically advance their arguments from within a larger
criticism of similarly vague words employed in academic discourse. Scholarly
suggestions for improvement point in two different directions. The first is to
challenge the academic community to provide additional examples of how
the term ‘globalization’ obscures more than it enlightens. Such empirically
based accounts would serve as a warning to extreme globalization
proponents. Ultimately, the task of more careful researchers should be to
break the concept of globalization into smaller, more man-ageable parts that
contain a higher analytical value because they can be more easily associated
with empir-ical processes. This rationale underlies Robert Holton's (1998)
suggestion to abandon all general theoretical analyses in favour of middle-
range approaches that seek to provide specific explanations of particulars
2. Sceptics - The second group emphasizes the limited nature of current
globalizing processes. But there also remain a number of problems with the
Hirst–Thompson thesis. For example, as several critics have pointed out, the
authors set overly high standards for the economy in order to be counted as
‘fully glob-alized’. See, for example, Held et al. (1999) and McGrew and Held
(2007). Moreover, their efforts to construct an abstract model of a perfectly
globalized economy unnecessarily polarize the topic by pressuring the reader
to either completely embrace or entirely reject the concept of globalization.
Perhaps the most serious short-coming of the Hirst–Thompson thesis lies in
its attempt to counteract neo-liberal economic determinism with a good dose
of Marxist economic determinism. Their argument implicitly assumes that
globalization is primarily an economic phenomenon. As a result, they
portray all other dimensions of globalization – culture, politics, and ideology
– as reflections of deeper economic processes. While paying lip service to the
multidimension-al character of globalization, their own analysis ignores the
logical implications of this assertion. After all, if globalization is truly a
complex, multilevel phenomenon, then economic relations constitute only
one among many globalizing tendencies. It would therefore be entirely
possible to argue for the significance of globaliza-tion even if it can be shown
that increased transnational economic activity appears to be limited to
advanced industrial countries.
3. Modifiers - The third and final group of globalization critics disputes the
novelty of the process, implying that the label ‘globalization’ has often been
applied in a historically imprecise manner. Robert Gilpin (2000), for
example, confirms the existence of globalizing tendencies, but he also insists
that many important aspects of globalization are not novel developments.
Citing relevant data collected by the prominent American economist Paul
 Krugman, Gilpin notes that the world economy in the late 1990s appeared to
be even less integrated in a number of important respects than it was prior
to the outbreak of World War I. Even if one were to accept the most
optimistic assessment of the actual volume of transnational economic
activity, the most one could say is that the post-war international economy
has simply restored globalization to approximately the same level that
existed in 1913. Gilpin also points to two additional factors that seem to
support his position: the globalization of labour was actually much greater
prior to World War I, and international migration declined considerably after
1918. Hence, Gilpin warns his readers against accepting the arguments of
‘hyper-globaliz-ers’. For a similar assessment, see Burtless et al. (1998) and
Rodrik (1997).
2. What are the main argument of these critics for why they see globalization
as a “Globaloney”?
- A small and rapidly decreasing number of scholars contend that existing
accounts of globalization are incorrect, imprecise, or exaggerated. They note
that just about everything that can be linked to some transnational process
is cited as evidence for globalization and its growing influence. Hence, they
suspect that such gen-eral observations often amount to little more than
‘globaloney’ (Held and McGrew, 2007; Rosenberg, 2000; Veseth, 2010). The
arguments of these globalization critics fall into three broad categories.
Representatives of the first group dispute the usefulness of globalization as a
sufficiently precise analytical concept. Members of the second group point to
the limited nature of globalizing processes, emphasizing that the world is not
nearly as integrated as many globalization proponents believe. In their view,
the term ‘globalization’ does not constitute an accurate label for the actual
state of affairs. The third group of critics disputes the novelty of the process
while acknowledging the existence of moderate globalizing tendencies. They
argue that those who refer to globalization as a recent process miss the
bigger picture and fall prey to their narrow historical frame-work. Let us
examine the respective arguments of these three groups in more detail.
3. Why is it important to recognize globalization’s multidimensional
character?
- This can help make sense the dynamics in globalization as a big process
with all its multidimensional dub-process. This multidimensional character
is describe into three processes.
- It is important because it tells how the evolution of international markets
and corporations led to an intensified form of global independence. The
implication that the economic globalization might be leading to the reduced
control of national governments over economic policies. Viewing
globalization not as one phenomenon, but as multidimensional process
involving diverse domains of activity and interaction, including the cultural
sphere.
- We will have a broader perception in the two most important aspect of
economic globalization.
1. Changing nature of the production process
2. Liberalization and internationalization of financial transactions.
TASK/ACTIVITY
GLOBAL ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS (RESEARCH):
This activity is geared towards familiarizing oneself to an
international economic organization (e.g. Asian Development
Bank) or an international company (e.g. Honda, McDonald’s, etc.)

Research on the following: (a) the origins and history of the

institution you have chosen; (b) map the international
connections it has created; (c) identify the major country-leaders
of this institution; (d) locate the Philippines in this map of
interconnections.
Then answer this question: How does this institution influence
global economic activity? How does it affect economics in the
Philippines?
Discuss your points clearly. Don’t forget to cite your sources, use
APA citation style.
Format: 500 words maximum. Times New Roman. 12 font size.
Single-space. In short bond paper (8.5 x 11). (Notice to the
instructor: this format serves as a parameter guide and can be adjusted
to the needs and/or conditions of the students)
This activity is adopted from the learning activity for “The Globalization of World Economic”

TASK/ACTIVITY RUBRICS:
Format: 15%
Citation and ethical integrity: 20%
Integration, organization, and elaboration of data, information, and points: 50%
Writing technicalities (narrative, grammar): 15%

(a) The origins and history of the institution you have

chosen;
- World Trade Organization (WTO), international organization established to
supervise and liberalize world trade. The WTO is the successor to the General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which was created in 1947 in the expectation
that it would soon be replaced by a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) to be
called the International Trade Organization (ITO). Although the ITO never materialized,
the GATT proved remarkably successful in liberalizing world trade over the next five
decades. By the late 1980s there were calls for a stronger multilateral organization to
monitor trade and resolve trade disputes. Following the completion of the Uruguay
Round (1986–94) of multilateral trade negotiations, the WTO began operations on
January 1, 1995.

The ITO was initially envisaged, along with the International Monetary Fund
(IMF) and the World Bank, as one of the key pillars of post-World War II
reconstruction and economic development. In Havana in 1948, the UN Conference on
Trade and Employment concluded a draft charter for the ITO, known as the Havana
Charter, which would have created extensive rules governing trade, investment,
services, and business and employment practices. However, the United States failed to
ratify the agreement. Meanwhile, an agreement to phase out the use of import quotas
and to reduce tariffs on merchandise trade, negotiated by 23 countries in Geneva in
1947, came into force as the GATT on January 1, 1948.

Although the GATT was expected to be provisional, it was the only major agreement
governing international trade until the creation of the WTO. The GATT system evolved
over 47 years to become a de facto global trade organization that eventually involved
approximately 130 countries. Through various negotiating rounds, the GATT was
extended or modified by numerous supplementary codes and arrangements,
interpretations, waivers, reports by dispute-settlement panels, and decisions.
During negotiations ending in 1994, the original GATT and all changes to it
introduced prior to the Uruguay Round were renamed GATT 1947. This set of
agreements was distinguished from GATT 1994, which comprises the modifications
and clarifications negotiated during the Uruguay Round (referred to as
“Understandings”) plus a dozen other multilateral agreements on merchandise trade.
GATT 1994 became an integral part of the agreement that established the WTO. Other
core components include the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), which
attempted to supervise and liberalize trade; the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects
of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which sought to improve protection of
intellectual property across borders; the Understanding on Rules and Procedures
Governing the Settlement of Disputes, which established rules for resolving conflicts
between members; the Trade Policy Review Mechanism, which documented national
trade policies and assessed their conformity with WTO rules; and four plurilateral
agreements, signed by only a subset of the WTO membership, on civil aircraft,
government procurement, dairy products, and bovine meat (though the latter two were
terminated at the end of 1997 with the creation of related WTO committees). These
agreements were signed in Marrakech, Morocco, in April 1994, and, following their
ratification, the contracting parties to the GATT treaty became charter members of the
WTO. By the 2020s the WTO had more than 160 members.

(b) Map the international connections it has created;

The WTO works with a number of other international governmental
organizations under the banner of “coherence”, a term originating in the “Decision on
achieving greater coherence in global economic policy-making”, which ministers
agreed in Marrakesh, April 1994. But coherence in global economic policy-making
goes much beyond the WTO's formal and specific cooperation arrangements with the
IMF and the World Bank. Indeed, it is now recognized that the WTO system is only one
part of a much broader set of international rights and obligations that bind WTO
Members. The WTO maintains extensive institutional relations with several other
international organizations; there are some 140 international organisations that have
observer status in WTO bodies. The WTO also participates as observer in the work of
several international organizations. In all, the WTO Secretariat maintains working
relations with almost 200 international organisations in activities ranging from
statistics, research, standard-setting, and technical assistance and training. Although
the extent of such cooperation varies, coordination and coherence between the work of
the WTO and that of other international organizations continues to evolve so as to
assist Members in the operation of their economic policies.

The WTO also has working relations with many other organizations. Here, these are
listed according to the Secretariat divisions that work with them.

Cooperation, by subject 
Agriculture

  Organizations working with WTO's Agriculture and Commodities Division

  Organizations with observer status in the WTO Committee on Agriculture
  Cooperation on food security

Development

  Development section of the WTO website:

detailed information on cooperation between multilateral organizations on
development. Includes “coherence” work with World Bank and IMF, “Integrated
Framework” for trade-related technical assistance to least-developed
countries,“ Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme (JITAP)” also for
least-developed countries
  Aid for trade
  Organizations working with WTO's development division
  Organizations with observer status in the WTO Committee on Trade and
Development
  WTO and Millennium Development Goals

Environment

  Environment section of the WTO website:

section on observers and cooperation
 Organizations with observer status in the WTO Committee on Trade and
Environment
 The Doha mandate on multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs)
 Events on environment  
 Organizations working with WTO's Trade and Environment Division

Food safety, animal and plant health (SPS)

  SPS section of the WTO website: The SPS Agreement refers to the international
standards of the “three sisters” — Codex Alimentarius (for food), the World
Organization for Animal Health, and International Plant Protection Convention
— and the SPS Committee works closely with them.
  Standards and Trade Development Facility (STDF): a joint initiative of the World
Trade Organization, World Health Organization, World Bank, World Organization
for Animal Health, and Food and Agriculture Organization
  Organizations with observer status in the WTO SPS Committee
  Organizations with which the WTO Agriculture and Commodities division has a
working relationship

Market access

  WTO cooperates regularly with the World Customs Organization (WCO)

 ITC market access map
  Organizations with observer status in the Market Access Committee
  Organizations with which the WTO Market Access division has a working
relationship

Services

  Organizations with observer status in the WTO Council on Services

  Organizations with which the WTO's Trade in Services Division has a working
relationship

Technical barriers to trade and standards (TBT)

  TBT section of the WTO website

  

Organizations with observer status in the Technical Barriers to Trade Committee

Trade facilitation
   Cooperation with the World Customs Organization
  Trade facilitation section of the WTO website: events
  Organizations with which the WTO's Trade and Finance and Trade Facilitation
Division has a working relationship

Trade Finance

 Trade finance gateway

Economic Research and Statistics

  Statistics section of the WTO website

  Organizations with which the WTO's Economic Research and Statistics Division
has a working relationship
  Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services (joint project with EU,
IMF, OECD, UNCTAD, UN)
  Inter-agency Task Force on International Merchandise Trade Statistics
  Inter-agency Task Force on Statistics of International Trade in Services

Intellectual property

  Intellectual Property section of the WTO website:

collaboration with WIPO and other organizations
  Organizations with observer status in the WTO's TRIPS Council
  Organizations with which the WTO's Intellectual Property, Government
Procurement and Competition Division has a working relationship
 WHO-WIPO-WTO cooperation on intellectual property and public health

Trade Policy Review

  Organizations with observer status in the WTO's Trade Policy Review Body
  Organizations with which the WTO's Trade Policy Review Division has a working
relationship

Government procurement

  Event — joint WTO-World Bank workshop on government procurement, 2003

  Organizations with which the WTO's Intellectual Property, Government
Procurement and Competition Division has a working relationship
  Organizations with observer status in the WTO's Committee on Government
Procurement

Training and technical cooperation

  Global Technical Assistance Database (GTAD)

  Cooperation with the WCO on technical assistance

See also:
NGO gateway: participation of NGOs in WTO Ministerials and Public symposium, and
documents submitted to WTO by NGOs.

c) Identify the major country-leaders of this

institution;
This is a list of former holders of the office of director-general. The post was created
in 1995, although the earlier office of Executive Secretary is often seen as a direct
equivalent.[3]
 Name Portrait Took office Left office Country

1 Peter Sutherland 1 July 1993 1 May 1995  Ireland

2 Renato Ruggiero 1 May 1995 1 September 1999  Italy

1 September  New
3 Mike Moore 1 September 2002
1999 Zealand

Supachai 1 September
4 1 September 2005  Thailand
Panitchpakdi 2002

1 September
5 Pascal Lamy 1 September 2013  France
2005
 incumbent
1 September
6 Roberto Azevedo (planned on 31  Brazil
2013
August 2020)[4]

(d) Locate the Philippines in this map of

interconnections.
Philippines and the WTO
This page gathers key information on the Philippines' participation in the WTO.
The Philippines has been a WTO member since 1 January 1995 and a member
of GATT since 27 December 1979.

Goods schedules and tariff data 

 Get tariff data — includes explanations of bound and applied rates, the HS
system and related jargon
 See the goods schedules gateway for explanations and background
  Current situation of goods schedules
  Philippines' Uruguay Round goods schedules (zip format, 173KB)
 Bound tariffs at HS 6-digit subheading level
 Latest available MFN applied tariffs at HS 6-digit subheading level

back to top

Services schedules and MFN exemptions

 help on reading a services schedule
 services database (opens new window)
You can use this database to retrieve the services schedule for a Member, or to
compare services commitments across Members. The database does not include
data on current negotiations.
 all commitments and exemptions  on services. Provides the original official
documents from Philippines. Not consolidated (i.e. first documents may be
amended/substituted by subsequent documents).
QUESTIONS:
How does this institution influence global economic activity? How does it affect economics
in the Philippines?

Achieving higher living standards, full employment and sustainable development is the aim of
the WTO’s member governments, as expressed in the WTO’s founding Marrakesh Agreement.
The means for achieving this include the “substantial reduction of tariffs and other obstacles to
trade”.
This process of trade opening takes place in the framework of WTO rules, which take into
account the fact that some countries are better equipped than others to open their markets widely.
Some countries, for instance, have a more advanced legal, regulatory and physical infrastructure
than others. Generally speaking,it is easier for developed countries to open their markets than for
many developing countries.
As a result, average tariffs (import duties) in developed countries, at least for manufactured
goods, are much lower than in developing countries — although this is not true in every case or
for every product. Moreover, competition in the marketplace can be a powerful stimulus to
companies seeking new ways of making things better and more cheaply. An infusion of new
ideas from other countries can make companies more productive. So can enhanced access to
export markets. But doing things more productively often means doing more with less and that
can mean using fewer workers. Inevitably, this means that some workers in some industries will
lose their jobs.
Underlying the WTO’s trading system is the fact that more open trade can boost economic
growth and help countries develop. In that sense, commerce and development are good for each
other.
In addition, the WTO agreements are full of provisions that take into account the interests of
developing countries. Over three-quarters of WTO members are developing or least-developed
countries. All of those in the queue to join are likewise developing countries. Whether the
interests of developing countries are well enough served in the WTO is a subject of continuing
debate. But even the most critical developing countries acknowledge that the system offers them
benefits.
In fact, few economists dispute that properly handled, trade is essential for development.
All WTO agreements contain special provisions for developing countries, including longer
periods to implement agreements and commitments, measures to increase their trading
opportunities and support to help them build the infrastructure for WTO work, handle disputes,
and implement technical standards. Least-developed countries receive special treatment,
including exemption from many provisions.

Policy reforms pursued by the Philippines over an extended period have resulted in a more open,
competitive economy which was able to withstand relatively unscathed the Asian financial crisis.
A new WTO report on the trade policies of the Philippines concludes that this provides a
generally good example of the advantages of structural reform in overcoming macroeconomic
shocks. The report also suggests that the Philippines could derive further benefits, including for
its consumers, from more outward oriented, as opposed to an export-oriented trade and
investment regimes. The new WTO Secretariat report, along with a policy statement by the
Philippine Government, will serve as a basis for the Trade Policy Review of the Philippines
which will be conducted by the Trade Policy Review Body of the WTO on 27 and 29 September.
Since the previous Trade Policy Review of the Philippines in 1993, policy reform has continued
to open the economy, going a long way to correcting the misallocation of resources associated
with earlier trade and industrial policies. Non-tariff trade barriers have been largely removed and
tariff protection has been sharply reduced, with MFN duties currently averaging just over 10%
compared with almost 26% in 1992. More liberal investment policies and the privatization
programme have widened the choice of sectors for domestic and foreign private investors, and
together with sound macroeconomic policies were instrumental in boosting real GDP growth to
 an average annual rate of 5% between 1994 and 1997; subsequently, those policies have also
helped soften the impact on the Philippine economy of the Asian financial crisis.

TASK/ACTIVITY

QUIZ ON THE READING MATERIAL

Reading material: Schattle, H. (2014). “Governments and Citizens in a Globally Interconnected World of
States”. In The SAGE Handbook of Globalization. SAGE Publications Ltd. Pp. 931-950 [e-copy pagination]

Answer the following questions:

What kind of states do we need to handle today’s most pressing problems?

How do nations states remain a relevant factor and actor of globalization?
What are the limitations of transnational networks?

In one whole sheet of paper, explain your answers clearly. Support your claims with facts. Draw your
answer from your study and understanding of the material. 30 points.

1. What kind of states do we need to handle today’s most pressing

problems?

States now operate in a world in which power is dispersed both

horizontally (civil society and market place) and vertically (international
organizations, subnational political authorities and secession movements).
Globalization shapes states and states turn shape globalization, and this
circular flow encompasses many elements such as transnational capital,
investments, ideas, brands, art and music, broadcasting, sports event and so
forth. The nation-state in globalization is a complex one in part due to the
varying definitions and shifting concepts of globalization. While it has been
defined in many ways, globalization is generally recognized as the fading or
complete disappearance of economic, social, and cultural borders between
nation-states. Some scholars have theorized that nation-states, which are
inherently divided by physical and economic boundaries, will be less relevant
in a globalized world. While increasingly reduced barriers regarding
international commerce and communication are sometimes seen as a potential
threat to nation-states, these trends have existed throughout history. Air and
sea transportation that made same-day travel to other continents possible and
greatly expanded trade among countries did not abolish the sovereignty of
individual nations. Instead, globalization is a force that changed the way
nation-states deal with one another, particularly in the area of international
commerce.

2. How do nations states remain a relevant factor and actor of

globalization

The role of the nation-state in a global world is largely a regulatory one

as the chief factor in global interdependence. While the domestic role of the
nation-state remains largely unchanged, states that were previously isolated
are now forced to engage with one another to set international commerce
policies. Through various economic imbalances, these interactions may lead to
diminished roles for some states and exalted roles for others. Because the
benefits and costs of globalization are unevenly distributed across states and
populations, life chances for individual citizens are heavily determined by the
particular states they are from and how this states measure up in safeguarding
basic rights and ensuring the provision of basic needs. Globalization has
changed the role of the state politically because of strengthened interstate
relationships and dependence on one another. States were created to be
sovereign but now, due to globalization, often give their sovereignty away to
‘pooling’ (Shaw, 2000: 185) in conventions, contracting, coercion and
imposition (Krasner, 1995/6). This has led to increasingly similar jurisdictions
across states and to power being seen as economic rather than political
progress (Shaw, 2000: 186-187) because states now make political progression
and regression together, causing states to become more developmental
(Heywood, 2007: 100).

1. What are the limitations of transnational networks?

In recent years, the rise of transnational regulatory networks (TRNs) has

attracted the attention of international law scholars. Advocates of TRNs
contend that, by cooperating directly with their counterparts abroad to address
common regulatory issues, national regulators are creating a revolutionary
system of effective global governance without centralized world government.
This Article advocates for a more cautious approach to this phenomenon.
Based on a theoretical analysis of TRNs, it argues that they may be successful
in overcoming relatively simple problems of international regulatory
coordination where state interests converge. However, TRNs are less likely to
succeed when faced with more difficult regulatory issues where, for example,
the choice of a specific policy has distributive implications or states have
incentives to defect from common standards. In such cases, their effectiveness
is undermined by the numerous domestic legal and political constraints faced
by national regulators and by the institutional incapacity of TRNs to monitor or
enforce the rules they adopt. To support this theory, this Article analyzes three
TRNs - in international securities regulation, banking, and antitrust-widely
seen as successful, and shows how the institutional weaknesses inherent in
TRNs have limited their effectiveness. It concludes that ambitious claims
regarding the transformative potential of TRNs are overly optimistic, and that
future scholarship on TRNs should be more sensitive to the political aspects of
international regulatory cooperation and the intrinsic limitations of informal
governance structures.

Resources:
Schattle, H. (2014). Governments and citizens in a globally
interconnected world of states. In The SAGE Handbook of Globalization
(pp. 105-122). SAGE Publications Inc..
https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473906020.n7

THINKPIECE:
As we have familiarized ourselves with the mandate and institutional
nature of the United Nations, let’s take a closer look at its role in the
world and in the country. In your paper,

1. Explore the importance of the United Nations for the global interstate
system, why do we need such international organization; and
- The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945
after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining
international peace and security, developing friendly relations among
nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and
human rights. Due to its unique international character, and the
powers vested in its founding Charter, the Organization can take
 action on a wide range of issues, and provide a forum for its 193
Member States to express their views, through the General Assembly,
the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and other
bodies and committees.

- The work of the United Nations reaches every corner of the globe.
Although best known for peacekeeping, peacebuilding, conflict
prevention and humanitarian assistance, there are many other ways
the United Nations and its System (specialized agencies, funds and
programmes) affect our lives and make the world a better place. The
Organization works on a broad range of fundamental issues, from
sustainable development, environment and refugees protection,
disaster relief, counter terrorism, disarmament and non-proliferation,
to promoting democracy, human rights, gender equality and the
advancement of women, governance, economic and social
development and international health, clearing landmines, expanding
food production, and more, in order to achieve its goals and
coordinate efforts for a safer world for this and future generations.
The UN has 4 main purposes
- To keep peace throughout the world;
- To develop friendly relations among nations;
- To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to
conquer hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for
each other’s rights and freedoms;
- To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these
goals

2. Cite three (3) instances where the United Nations has helped,
influenced, and/or affected the Philippines in any way (be it in policy
making, human rights, calamities and disasters, and diplomacy).
Provide necessary details of each instance.

1. Over the last decade, disaster relief and recovery has also become
an increasingly important area of assistance to the Philippines.
The United States has provided over $143 million in assistance to date to
the people of the Philippines in relief and recovery efforts after Typhoon
Haiyan/Yolanda devastated the country in 2013. The United States
continues to support long-term reconstruction and rebuilding efforts,
and has allocated over $60 million to support ongoing humanitarian
assistance and stabilization funding in response to the Marawi siege.

2. The United States and the Philippines have a strong trade and
investment relationship
With over $27 billion in goods and services traded (2086). The United
States is one of the largest foreign investors in the Philippines, and is the
Philippines’ third-largest trading partner.

3. The Philippines and the United States belong to a many of the

same international organizations
The United Nations, ASEAN Regional Forum, Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC) forum, International Monetary Fund, World Bank,
and World Trade Organization. The Philippines is also an observer to the
Organization of American States. The Philippines served as chair and
host of ASEAN for 2017.