RESEARCH TITLE: Students' anxiety state and academic achievement in English among ESL learners in Malaysi

NAME: STUDENT ID: MPP??????

Source Author Year Title Published In Document type

Essau, Cecilia A.
Muris, Peter
1 Ederer, Elfriede M. 2002 Reliability and validity Journal of Behavior TherJournal Article
Hadwin, Julie A.
Brogan, Joanna
2 Stevenson, Jim 2005 State anxiety and workinEducational Psychology Journal Article
3 Han, Hae Ra 2009 Measuring anxiety in chiAsian Nursing Research Journal Article
Zin, Zuhana Mohd
Rafik-galea,
4 Shameem 2010 Anxiety and Academic RJournal of Pan-Pacific As Journal Article

Amiri, Mostafa
5 Ghonsooly, Behzad 2015 The Relationship betweeJournal of Language Tea Journal Article

6 Ariyanti 2016 Psychological Factors A ASIAN TEFL Journal of LaJournal Article

Investigating the Perceptions of Pakistani English Language

7 Bhatti N., Memon S. 2016 Learners on Language Learning Anxiety in EFL Classroom
8 Gorji, Galin Mahdinej2017 Investigating the components of English Listening Learning anxiety and English
Rezaei, Ali Mohammad
Aminbeidokhti, Aliakbar
ng ESL learners in Malaysian primary school

Publication setting Knowledge type Context Methodology

Academic Empirical Urban and rural primaryQuantitative

Academic Empirical Year 5 classes within on Quantitative

Academic Empirical Review of literature Quantitative

Academic Empirical First-year low proficiencQuantitative

Students from the

Academic Empirical Freshmen of medical
fourth semester of scieQuantitative
English
Department in an
Academic Empirical Indonesian university. Qualitative

Academic Empirical Second year IntermediatQuantitative

rning anxiety and English Langu Empirical 13 to 18 years old studyQuantitative
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Instrument Used Instrument Used

Screen
for Child Anxiety
Related Emotional
Spence's Children Anxiety Scale Disorders

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory f The Rating Scale of Mental Effort (RSME)
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI Junior Manifest Anxiety Scale

Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Cognitive Interference Questionnaire (CIQ)

Foreign Language
Classroom Anxiety Scale
questionnaire (FLCAS) General English achievement test

Researcher as a key instrument

The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale

Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety
Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
 Author Theme 1 Theme 2
Essau, Cecilia
A.
Muris, Peter
Types of anxiety among Reliability and validity of anxiety
Source 1
children instruments for children
Ederer,
Elfriede M.

Hadwin, Julie
A. The relationship between heightened
Brogan, Joanna Childhood anxiety is often anxiety and task performance in this
Source 2 associated with academic model
problems is suggested to be mediated by
Stevenson, Jim working memory

Psychological and
Comparison of Anxiety Measures
Source 3 Han, Hae Ra physiological theories of
included in the study
anxiety
Zin, Zuhana
Mohd
The influence of
Source 4 Anxiety and L2/FL learning reading anxiety on comprehension
Rafik-galea, performance
Shameem

Amiri, Mostafa
Source 5 Ghonsooly, Types of Anxiety and causes Foreign Language Anxiety
Behzad
Ariyanti

Psychological factors that

influence students in learning Speaking ability among students in
Source 6 second/foreign language. using second / foreign language.
Recognising anxiety as
Bhatti N., deterring factor that can
influence the process of
learning English as a foreign Causes and effects of Foreign
Source 7 Memon S. language. Language Anxiety
Gorji, Galin Ma
Rezaei, Ali Mo
Source 8 Listening anxiety is the most Tension and worry over English
Aminbeidokhti, disabling and neglected kind of listening had the highest predictive
Aliakbar anxiety power for academic performance
 Annotation

This study is comparing two anxiety instruments (SCAS and

SCARED). Which types of anxiety would have the highest percentage among
others? How much difference both instruments based on the reliability and
validity?

This study discusses how anxiety may affect students' performance

in academic. How high is the correlation between anxiety state that would affect
working memory process in learning among children?

This study compares a few types of anxiety instruments in order to

identify which one suits children the most.

This study shows that L2 have language anxiety in using English

especially in reading comprehension. How the researcher measure the
anxiety on reading comprehension?

This study discusses various opinions on types of anxiety and what

causes them that would affect students in using foreign language.
Which is the reason that would affect anxiety in students in using a foreign
language?

This study discusses the correlation between psychological factors

such as self-esteem and anxiety towards using English as a second /
foreign language
This study shows that communication apprehension was identified
as the main cause of anxiety followed by the learners’ self-perceived
proficiency, fear of being negatively evaluated and
nervousness as other sources of anxiety

This study found that insufficient prior knowledge, lack of self

confidence hinder learners' attempts to achieve academic success,
training plans and various exercises should be performed to control
and decrease important factors of students’ anxiety in English.
 Anxiety among children / ESL Measuring anxiety states among
Author
learners children / ESL / EFL learners

Essau, Cecilia Anxiety is associated with

A. impairment in various life Both SCAS and SCARED
Source 1 domains such as in school, displayed high consistency in
leisure-time activities, and peer- measuring anxiety among children.
interaction

Muris, Peter
Ederer,
Elfriede M.
Hadwin, Julie Childhood anxiety is often
A. associated with academic
The study conducted among
Brogan, Joanna problems and early school adolescents but the researcher
leaving. Teachers have expressed
Source 2 measured anxiety states by using
unease concerning the impact of
instruments that could emerge
Stevenson, Jim heightened anxiety associated from childhood.
with increased testing in the
school environment
Anxiety is also viewed as an
Many approaches have been used
intensely unpleasant
to measure anxiety in
state of tension arising from
Source 3 Han, Hae Ra children.Those approaches include
experiencing disapproval
self-report measures and
in interpersonal relations may
behavioral/observational methods
emerge from childhood.

Zin, Zuhana Two survey questionnaires were

Mohd developed to measure the anxiety
Anxiety as one of the key level of the ESL readers and the
factors of affective variables and interference in their cognitive
though it has debilitating and systems. The first survey
Source 4 facilitating effects, the primary questionnaire was the Foreign
concern of most researchers is the Language Reading Anxiety Scale,
negative effects of anxiety on which was used to measure the
Rafik-galea, second language learners. level of reading anxiety
Shameem experienced by the L2 learners
during the reading activity
 Anxiety has been classified into
Amiri, Mostafa three different kinds: trait, state, The researcher compared the
and situation specific anxieties. translations and decided on better
Source 5 Anxiety in class can be aroused translations for items and made
by competitiveness, tests, and some modifications where
Ghonsooly, learners’ perceived relationship necessary
Behzad with their teachers.

Ariyanti

Anxiety among students when The researcher conducted direct

they are speaking English is one observation, taking field notes to
Source 6
of the factors to low proficiency support the observation, and
in speaking. interviewed the students.

ESL learners face psychological The study was conducted among

Source 7 tension when they are trying to college students using FLACS
use English. instrument.
Bhatti N.,

Memon S. Foreign Language Classroom

Gorji, Galin Ma Anxiety Scale, Foreign Language
Rezaei, Ali Mo Listening Anxiety Scale and
Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety
Anxious students are unable to
Inventory were used for this and
show their learned information
Source 8 the study found that the variables
and their anxiety increases when
that indicate the reverse
they experience failure
relationship between the predictive
Aminbeidokhti, variables and academic
Aliakbar performance in the English
language.
Anxiety and academic
performance in English / working
memory Annotation

As per Source 1, both SCAS and

SCARED are reliable to be conducted
The study focused only on
among children, this could be taken
comparing SCAS and SCARED.
into consideration in using SCAS in
Malaysian primary school context. As
we know, Malaysian education is still
highly depending in testing and
examinations thus would impact the
anxiety levels of students especially in
learning English as a second language.
In order to apply SCAS in Malaysian
context, modifcation to the instruments
The study found that increased state must be made by translating the
anxiety in children was instruments to the language that the
associated with measurements of students would understand (mother
tasks efficiency on tasks tapping the tongue). This would help the study to
phonological and executive get more accurate self-report anxiety
components of working memory. scale. Most importantly, the language
must be simple and easy for them to
understand according to their age.
The study focused only in
discussing a variety of approaches
used by researchers to measure
anxiety in children.

Based on these two sources, reading

ESL readers might face difficulties
comprehension is related to working
in comprehending academic
memory because when the students
reading texts because academic
read, they are trying to decipher the
texts are long and complex, and
meaning behind every word into their
dense with information. A
mother tongue. Thus, this shows that
confrontation with
working memory is trying to complete
such texts could render a sense of
the task in order to understand the
dread and uncomfortable feeling
lenghty text with complicated words.
among the learners, which could
If most of the words are unfamiliar to
stimulate anxiety reactions each
the learners, this could lead to anxiety
time they are required to read and
due to inability to figure out and
comprehend the academic texts.
understand the context of the text.
 Source 6 argues that through field
Females are less anxious than males observation and interview, the
in learning English and the main researcher can get a clear image of the
cause of anxiety was speaking in participants’ oral performance, the
front of other students in class. researcher uses a videotape so
whenever she needs she can repeat the
recording many times. Likewise,
Source 2 conducted both self-report
data and also observational data from
the researcher while conducting the
The study found that the students
study which would provide a wider
tend to feel anxious when
angle of the results of the relationship
performing their speaking in
between anxiety and language
English because they are afraid of
learning.
making mistakes

This study discusses the

perceptions of ESL/EFL learners
towards their anxieties in using
English. Does this perception also Both studies found that pupils feel
affect their anxiety state? anxious and lack of self-esteem when
they are afraid of making mistakes
when using English as it is not their
first language which resulting them to
sit passively in the classroom and
being avoidant to use the language.
Students who are afraid of negative
evaluation in foreign language
classes tend to sit passively in the
classroom
Year Publication setting Count Percentage
Oldest 2002 Academic 69 100%
Newest 2017 Practitioner 0 0%
Average 2011 Mixed 0 0%
Other 0 0%
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Totals: 6 100%