GUJARAT

TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY
CHANDKHEDA, AHMEDABAD

L.D. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AHMEDABAD
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

B.E.:- IV, SEMESTER: - VIII

A Report on: - internship
(Subject code: 3180601)

SUBMITTED BY
GOSWAMI BHARGAVGIRI (EN. NO. 190283106008)

INTERNSHIP INTERNAL GUIDE

Prof. Utkarsh Nigam sir
INTERNSHIP EXTERNAL GUIDE
Er. Ajay Patel sir

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 ORGANIZATION: -
JAMNAGAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

DEPARTMENT:-
Project & planning department

SUBJECT: -
A CONSTRUCTION OF 4 LANE ELEVATED FLYOVER BRIDGE

DATE: - 1/1/2022 to 1/4/2022

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 Certificate from the Organization

This is to certify that GOSWAMI BHARGAVGIRI (EN. NO. 190283106008) is pursuing B.E.
from L.D. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AHEMDABAD has successfully completed the
internship in our organization on the topic titled “A CONSTRUCTION OF 4 LANE ELEVATED
FLYOVER BRIDGE”. During 1/1/2022 TO 1/4/2022. During his project tenure in the
JAMNAGAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATTION we found him hard working, diligent person and
his behaviour and conduct was good. We wish him all the best for his future endeavours.

Signature
External guide
Er. Ajay Patel sir
J.M.C.

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 Certificate from the college

This is to certify that Mr. GOSWAMI BHARGAVGIRI (190283106008) of L.D. College of

engineering has successfully completed the internship work titled “A CONSTRUCTION OF 4
LANE ELEVATED FLYOVER BRIDGE” in partial fulfilment of requirement for the completion
of bachelor course as prescribed by the Gujarat technological university.

This internship reports is the record of authentic work carried out by him during the period
from 1/01/2022 to 1/04/2022.

He has worked under my guidance.

Prof. Utkarsh Nigam sir Prof. R.B. Khasiya sir

Internship Mentor head of department
Date: Date:

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NOC from the college

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Joining letter from the department

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 Acknowledgement

A vocational training is a golden opportunity for learning and self-development. I consider

myself very lucky and honoured to have so many wonderful people lead me through in
completion of this internship.
I am very thankful to JAMNAGAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION and RACHANA
CONSTRUCTION for having given me the opportunity to undertake my twelve weeks
internship training in their working area. It was a very good learning experience for me to
have worked at this area. I would like to convey my heartiest thanks to executive Engineer
and all the Faculty members at Department of Civil Engineering at L.D. COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING who made it all possible.
I would also thank ASHISH SIR & AJAY PATEL SIR for his endless support at site and in his
office by consulting me how to do things at site, all teachers of Civil Engineering who
brought me to my present performance and shape me like this during the last Three
successive years, special thanks to my prof UTKARSH NIGAM sir for guiding me to do
training at J.M.C.
Before I finish I would like to give my deepest thanks to all workers from RACHANA
CONSTRUCTION and the consultant side starting from Engineers to daily labours. Also for
those who do not listed in the above but support me in different areas I would like thank
all.

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 ABSRACT

o The internship report in broad spectrum contains six sections in which I try to explain
my twelve weeks learning experience in the running project, CONSTRUCTION OF 4
LANE ELEVATED FLYOVER BRIDGE AT SAT RASTA CIRCLE TO SUBHASH BRIDGE,
JAMNAGAR. The content of all section is briefly explained and it is made from the
practical basis of the site work of weekly basis.
o In section A I give all the details of different stages of the project. In this section I put
all the details of the work done in the same manner at the site for the completion of
the project.
o In section B I try to explain the features of the project like the project details, the cost
involved, the length of the flyover, no of piles involved, cost involved etc.
o In section C I try to explain the components involved in the Flyover construction. It
has been categorized into three parts the foundation part, the sub structure and the
superstructure part.
o In section D I try to explain all the machines and equipment’s used in the whole
construction with their respective pictures.
o The section E is the most important chapter in which explain all the dimensions and
the construction procedure of the components involved with some practical images
whatever I clicked during the whole training period.
o In the section F I try to explain all the related tests on the materials involved in the
construction the tests on the aggregates, cement, soil and, model testing of pile on
the basis of which we decide the size of different part of the bridge, which type of
material is suitable for the construction process, how we can minimize the cost on
that particular project and also the load carrying capacity of pile.
o After reading all the sections one can easily understand basics of construction of
Flyover Bridge & dimension.

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 ABOUT J.M.C.

JAMNAGAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION is responsible for the civic infrastructure &

administration of the city of Jamnagar in Gujarat state of India. The organization is known,
in short JMC. It was established in 1981. This civic administrative body administers an area
of 26.4 km2. The municipal commissioner of JMC is Satish Patel sir.
The governing structure of JMC consists of political & administrative wings. The political
wing is an elected body of councillors headed by a mayor. The commissioner from the IAS
cadre heads the administrative wing and is responsible for strategic & operational planning
and management of the corporation. The commissioner takes decisions on behalf of the
board or the standing committee formed from the elected councillors to perform the duties
of the corporation

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 ABOUT RACHANA CONSTRUCTION

RACHANA CONSTRUCTION collaboratively facilitate, engineer, and disseminate

construction services fostering the India’s ethical, social, economic, and intellectual growth,
using progressive and diverse techniques on the cutting edge of the construction industry.
Every aspect of how we work has been built to fulfil our mission to make lasting
contributions to our people, our communities, and the construction industry. From
company’s commitment for its valuable employee’s teamwork to a continued commitment
to hard work and performing with excellence, our values are obvious in every office and on
every project site.
VISION
To build a progressive and creative organisation that constantly strives to improve its
business & construction practices and win clients’ trust by exceeding their expectations.
MISSION

To be pioneers in the field of Bridge construction by application of innovative solutions and

knowledge to work.

WE ARE SPECIALISTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF

 R.C.C. bridges
 Pre-stressed concrete bridges
 Cantilever bridges for construction of long span bridges
 Well foundations
 Pile foundations
 Flyovers
 Road / Rail over bridges
 Steel bridges including fabrication & launching
 Launch of pre-cast & pre-stressed concrete girder
 Roadwork with asphaltic concrete and mastic asphalt surfaces
 Segmental constructions

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

SECTION CONTENTS PAGE NO.

A Different stages of project
 Topographic survey and analysis
 Traffic survey and analysis
 Geotechnical aspects and analysis
 Planning and design
B Features of project
 Salient features
 Physical features

C Components involved
 Foundation
 Substructure
 Superstructure
D Machines and equipment’s used
 Air compressor
 Backhoe loader
 Crawler crane
 Excavator
 Hydraulic rig machine
 Hydraulic crane
 Mini roller
 Pneumatic concrete breaker
 Transit mixer
 Augur
 Casing
 Tremie pipe
E Construction Procedure & dimensions
 Pile
 Pile cap
 Pier

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  Pier cap
F Quality Control
 Test on aggregates
 Crushing test
 Impact test
 Shape test
 Test on Cement
 Date of packing
 Colour
 Rubbing
 Hand Insertion
 Float test
 Strength test
 Performance test
 Load test
 Capacity test
 Stress test
 Cube strength
 Slump cone test
G Conclusion

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 SECTION –A

 DIFFERENT STAGES OF PROJECT

1. SURVEY & ANALYSIS

 Each and every civil engineering project starts with survey. There are
various stages of survey. The first step of surveying is reconnaissance
Then after that various maps of the site is studied. Only after this detail
survey of proposed project site is done.

 Here in this project a detail survey of the site is done by the Total
Station and various other instruments of surveying and layout is drawn
in AutoCAD. With help of this total space available for construction,
alignment of flyover and no. lanes of flyover & total carriageway.

 It should be noted that surveying not only plays an important role in

the design of the project but also in the execution.

2. TRAFFIC SURVEY AND ANALYSIS

 The main purposes of traffic survey are: traffic monitoring, traffic

control and management, traffic enforcement, traffic forecasting,
model calibration and validating etc. The purposes of carrying out
traffic volume count are designing, improving traffic system, planning,
management etc.

 Traffic forecast predicts the future traffic volume levels on the project
road. In this project, the flyover is designed to meet the requirements
of traffic for next 25 years.

 From traffic survey it was decided to design the flyover for live load for
a single lane of class 70R or 2 lanes of class -A.

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3. GEOTECHNICAL ASPECT & ANAYLSIS

 It is very necessary to carry out thorough soil investigation of the site as

the whole load of the structure is ultimately taken by soil through
foundation. Feasibility, design and safety of the structure all depends
upon load bearing capacity of the soil strata at the site.
 For this purpose bore holes were drilled in the ground to get
information about the sub-soil strata. Boring was done at an interval of
40m along the alignment and depth of exploration was 39m. Samples
were taken from the bore hole and tested in the laboratory and
engineering properties of the soil was investigated. Also some field test
was carried out.
 From these tests & investigations, it was concluded that the Soil
Bearing Capacity (SBC) of the site was 230 MPa.

4. PLANNING & DESIGN

 All the results were taken into account and with help of Various IS
Codes detailed planning and design were prepared according to which
execution is going through and the flyover is under construction. From
all available data a pile was designed and Initial Load Test for pile was
done to confirm the load carrying capacity of the single pile.

 TECHNICAL DATAS :-

Diameter of Pile 1200mm

Vertical load capacity of pile
Horizontal load capacity of
pile
Depth of pile cap 1800mm

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 SECTION – B

 SALIENT FEATURES:-

o Client Jamnagar municipal corporation

o Consultant cased consultant
o Contractor Rachana0 construction
o Project cost 139 cr.
o Date of commencement not decided
o Target date of completion within 30months

 PHYSICAL FEATURES:-

Total length of project 3.5 km

No of piers 139
Type of super structure Balance cantilever structure
Slope across bridge length
Average traffic movement

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 SECTION – C

 COMPONENTS INVOLVED

 FOUNDATION :-
 Piles and the Pile cap comes under the Foundation part.

 PILES:-
1) The function of pile is to transfer the load to the soil.

 Three types of pile are there:-

1) End bearing pile

2) Friction pile
3) End bearing and friction pile

 In this project we used End bearing Pile, some parts of the load transferred by the
pile by end of pile and remaining load is by the friction between pile and the
surface of soil around the pile.

Arrow in the above image denotes how load transferred to the ground

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 PILE CAP

1) Piles usually exists as a group which are all integrated by means of a

pile cap as shown in figure.
2) Piles carrying very heavy point loads tend to produce high tensile
stress at the pile cap. Reinforcement is thus designed to provide: -
3) Resistance to tensile bending forces in the bottom of the cap.
4) Resistance to the vertical shear

 SUBSTRUCTURE

1) Pier and Pier-cap

 Support of superstructure, transfer dead and live load
to pile. It also carries its own considerable weight.

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  PIER
It is a raised structure typically supported by well-spaced piles or the pile
cap. It can be made by wooden concrete, steel, mixed, but in this project
we use concrete pier with well-maintained iron rod.

 PIER CAP
The upper or bearing part of the pier, usually made of concrete or hard
stone; designed to distribute concentrated loads evenly over the area of
pier. The width of pier cap depends upon the width of carriageway, its
size depends upon the live load and dead load bridge capacity.

 SUPERSTRUCTURE

 WEARING SURFACE
1. consists of the balance cantilever structure itself, which
support the direct loads due to traffic and all the other
permanent and variable leads to which the structure is
subjected. Also known as carriageway. Width of carriageway
depends upon number of lane of flyover. For intermediate
carriage -5.5 m and for two lane-7.5 m.

 BEARING
1. Bridge bearings are used to transfer forces from the
superstructure to substructure, allowing the following types
of movements of the superstructure :-
2. Translational movements; are displacements in vertical and
horizontal directions due to in-place or out of place forces like wind
and self-weight.
3. Rotational movements; cause due to moments. Until the
middle of this century, the bearings used considered of
following types: - pin, roller, rocker, metal sliding etc.

 GIRDER
It is support of carriageway between two piers, it is of many types
like box shape, Z shape, I-shape and many other forms.
In this flyover, I-shape pre-stressed beam used.

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 SECTION –D

 MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT’S USED

Excavator

Pneumatic concrete breaker Transit mixer

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Hydraulic rig machine

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 Bucket augur casing

Tremie pipe bullet augur

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 SECTION –D
 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES AND DIMENSIONS
PILE:-
In this particular project, we use hydraulic rig machine for boring
purpose
1) Pile boring procedure
a. Set up the Location of Bored Pile.
b. We use Total Station instrument to survey each pile point.
c. The dia. of the pile is 1.2m and the depth is 16m(+, - 0.5m )

2) Boring using hydraulic rig machine 3) insert casing

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4) Insert of steel cage

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6) Insertion of Tremie Pipe & Pouring of Concrete

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 NUMBER OF PILES: - number of piles required for a particular pier is
depends upon the span, length number of lane of carriage way, capacity of
a particular pile and type of bridge it is.
Maximum load on pile
Normal 370.25 T
Seismic 361.68 T

 DIMENSION OF PILE
Number of pile for each pier 6
Total number of pile 631
Diameter of pile 1200mm
Depth of pile 16m (14.2m below cut-off level)
(1.8m above cut-off level )
Diameter of bar 20 dia.
Number of bar for each pile 29
Concrete grade M35

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 PILE CAP
 A pile cap is thick concrete mat that rests on piles to provide a suitable
foundation.
 It forms the part of the foundation of structure.
 This pile cap distributes the load to piles uniformly.

 PILE CAPPING PROCEDURE

1) Shuttering & reinforcement
2) Concreting
3) Curing
4)
 DIMENSION OF PILE CAP
Length of pile cap 8700mm
Breadth of pile cap 5100mm
Height of pile cap 1800mm
Grade of concrete M35

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 PIER :
1) Pier is a part of substructure.
2) Pier is the vertical structure supporting deck, girder, and bearings
providing for transmitting their load along with live load coming over
bridge to the bed/earth through foundation.

 DIMENSION OF PIER

Total number of pier 139

Length of pier 4000mm
Breadth of pier 1750mm
Height of pier 14000mm
Grade of concrete M35

 PIER CAP:-
1) Main function is to distribute concentrated loads evenly over
the area of pier.
2) Pier cap carry a standard shape of lotus shape, which behave
like a truss of compression and tension member.

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 SECTION – C
 QUALITY CONTROL
 TEST ON AGGREGATES: -
 Aggregate plays an important role in pavement construction,
pile construction. Aggregates influence, to a great extent, the
load transfer capability of pavements. Hence it is essential that
they should be thoroughly tested before using for construction.
Not only that aggregates should be strong and durable, they
should also possess proper shape and size to make the pavement
act monolithically. Aggregates are tested for strength, toughness,
hardness, and shape and water absorption.

1. CRUSHING TEST - Used to determine the strength of aggregates.

 The test consists of subjecting the specimen of aggregate in

standard mould to a compression test under standard load
conditions. Dry aggregates passing through 12.5mm sieves and
retained 10 mm sieves are filled in a cylindrical measure of 11.5
mm diameter and 8 cm height in three layers. Each layer is
tamped 25 times with at standard rod. The test sample is
weighted and placed in the test cylinder in three layers each
layer being tamped again. The specimen is subjected to a
compressive load of 40 tones gradually applied at the rate of 4
tonnes per minute. Then crushed aggregates are then sieved
through 2.36 m sieve and weight of passing material is expressed
as percentages of the total sample which is aggregate crushing
value.
 A value less than 10 signifies an exceptionally strong aggregate
2. Impact test: -
 The aggregate impact test is carried out to evaluate the
resistance to impact of aggregates. Aggregate passing 12.5 mm
sieve and retained 10 mm sieve is filled in a cylinder steel cup of
internal diameter 10.2 mm and depth of 5 cm which is attached
to a metal base of impact testing machine.

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 3. Shape test: - Flakiness and Elongation test
 Flakiness index is defined as the percentage by weight of
aggregate particles whose least dimension less than .6 times
their size. Flakiness gauge is used for this test.
 The elongation index of an aggregate is defined as percentage by
weight of particles whose great dimensions is 1.8 times their
mean dimensions. This test is applicable to aggregate larger than
6.3mm. Elongation gauge is used for this test.

 TEST ON CEMENT
1) Date of packing: - Date of manufacturing should be seen on the
bag, it is important because the strength of cement reduces with
age.
2) Colour: - The cement should be uniform in colour. In general, the
colour of cement is grey with a light greenish shade. The colour
of cement gives an indication of excess lime or clay and the
degree of burning.
3) Rubbing: - we take a pinch of cement fingers & rub it. It should
feel smooth while rubbing.
4) Hand insertion: - Thrust hand into the cement bag and it should
give cool feeling. It indicates that no hydration reaction is taking
place in the bag.
5) Float test: - throw a small quantity of cement in a bucket of
water. It should sink and should not float on the surface.
6) Strength test: - A block of cement 70.6 x 70.6 x 70.6mm long is
prepared and it is immersed for 7 days in water.

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 PERFORMANCE TEST
1) Load test: load tests on piles are conducted on completion of 28
days after casting of piles. Two types of tests namely initial and
routine test, for each type of loading ex: - vertical, horizontal are
performed
2) Initial test on pile: The test is performed to confirm the design load
calculation and to provide guidelines for setting up the limits of
acceptance for routine tests. It also gives an idea of the suitability of
the pilling system. Test on pile are to be carried out at one or more
locations depending on the number of piles required. Load test for
the initial load test is 2.5 times (safety factor) the safe carrying
capacity of the pile.
3) Routine test: selection of piles for the routine test is done based on
the number of piles required subjected to maximum of ½ of total
number of piles required. The number of test may be increased to
2% depending on the nature/type of structure. The test load applied
3/2 times the safe carrying capacity of pile.

This test will be performed for the following purpose:

a) To ensure the safe load capacity of the piles

b) Defection of any unusual performance contrary to the finding of the
initial test.
c) The tests shall be performed at the cut-off level only.

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 VERTICAL LOAD TEST:
1) Pile head
The pile head shall be chipped of till sound concrete is met
wherever applicable. The reinforcement shall be cut and head
levelled with plaster of Paris. A bearings plate with a hole shall be
placed on the head for the jack to rest.

Initial tests: it can be done in two steps;

1. 2/3 of the final load at which the total displacement attains value of
12 mm unless otherwise requires on the basis of nature and type of
structure in which case, the safe load should be corresponding to
the stated total displacement permissible.
2. 50 % of the final load at which the total displacement equals 10 %
of the pile diameter in case of uniform diameter piles or 7.5 % of
the bulb diameter in case of under reamed piles.

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 CUBE STRENGTH TEST
o Compressive strength of concrete cubes
 Out of many test applied to the concrete, this is the utmost
important which gives an idea about all the characteristics of
concrete by this single test one judge that whether concreting
has been done properly or not. For cube test two types of
specimens either cubes of 150 x 150 x 150 mm or 100 x 100 x
100 mm depending upon the size of aggregate are used. For
most of the works cubical moulds of size 150 x 150 x 150 mm
are commonly used.
 This concrete is poured in the mould and tempered properly
so as not to have any voids. After 24 hours these moulds are
removed and test specimens are put in water for curing. The
top surface of these specimen should be made even and
smooth. This is done by putting cement paste and spreading
smoothly on whole area of specimen.
 These specimens are tested by compression testing machine
after 7 days curing or 28 days curing. Load should be applied
gradually at the rate of 140kg/cm 2 per minute till the
specimens fails. Load at the failure divided by area of
specimen gives the compression strength of concrete.

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 CONCRETE SLUMP TEST:-
o Concrete slump test is to determine the workability or consistency of
concrete mix prepared at the laboratory or the construction site during the
progress of the work. Concrete slump test is carried out from batch to
check the uniform quality of concrete during construction.
o Generally concrete slump value is used to find the workability, which
indicates water – cement ratio, but there are various factors including
properties of materials, mixing methods, dosage, admixtures etc. also affect
the concrete slump value.

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 TRUE SLUMP: - True slump is the only slump that can be measured in the test. The
measurement is taken between the top of the cone & the top of the concrete
after the cone has been removed as shown in fig.1

 ZERO SLUMP: - Zero slump is indication of very low water-cement ratio, which
results in dry mixes. These types of concrete is generally used for road
construction shown in fig.

 COLLAPSED SLUMP: - This is an indication that the water- cement ratio is too high,
i.e. concrete mix is too wet or it is a high workability mix, for which a slump test is
not appropriate.

 SHEAR SLUMP: - The shear slump indicates that the result is incomplete, and
concrete to be retested.

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 CONCLUSION

Overall internship is a really good program and recommended to my friends. It helps to

enhance and develop my skills, abilities, and knowledge. It was a really good and I have
gained experience. We have got opportunity to understand the technical and management
aspects of flyover bridge project.
The main aim of studies within this project was to investigate how a structure is planned
within its desired properties. We got to know about the basic and advanced technique of
flyover bridge structure.so I am grateful to JAMNAGAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION for
giving the opportunity to learn and grow.

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