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A lesson plan is a teacher’s daily guide for what students need to learn, how it
will be taught, and how learning will be measured.
Lesson plans help teachers be more effective in the classroom by providing
a detailed outline to follow each class period.
This ensures every bit of class time is spent teaching new concepts and
having meaningful discussions — not figuring it out on the fly!
The most effective lesson plans have six key parts:

1.

Lesson Objectives

2.
3.

Related Requirements

4.
5.

Lesson Materials

6.
7.

Lesson Procedure

8.
9.

Assessment Method

10.
11.

Lesson Reflection

12.

Because each part of a lesson plan plays a role in the learning experience of
your students, it’s important to approach them with a clear plan in mind.
Let’s start with the first part of every lesson plan -- the lesson objectives!
1. Lesson Objectives
Lesson objectives list what students will be able to do after completing the lesson.
These objectives let you easily tell if your lesson has effectively taught your
students new concepts and skills.
It can feel overwhelming to pin down specific takeaways for a lesson, but
you can break the process into steps to do it in a breeze!
First, it’s best to view your lesson objectives as goals for your class and
students.
One of the most popular goal-setting strategies is the “SMART”
criteria, which ensures goals are focused.
In the context of lesson planning, you can use the SMART criteria to
determine your lesson objectives:

Is the objective specific?
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Is the objective measurable?

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Is the objective attainable by all students?

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Is the objective relevant to your class and students?

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Is the objective time-based to align with your syllabus?

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For each objective, it’s important to start with an action that relates to what
students should be able to do after the lesson.
Depending on what topic you’re teaching and the level of knowledge your
students have, these actions will vary.
For example, when teaching brand new concepts, you may define actions
like define, identify, explain, and determine.
However, if your lesson involves more advanced tasks, the objectives may
include actions like create, use, perform, or measure.
To see these phrases in context, let’s look at examples that a computer
teacher might choose when teaching Microsoft Word.
For an introductory lesson about Microsoft Word, objectives could be:

Identify parts of the ribbon menu

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Determine methods of selecting text in a document

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Define fonts and font styles

In a more advanced class, objectives might include:

Insert a document header

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Use document themes

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Add a page border

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When creating your lesson objectives, keep in mind that it’s easier to
measure student success when you have specific goals.
Once you’ve put your lesson objectives together, it’s time to tie them in with
the next part of your lesson plan -- the related requirements!
2. Related Requirements
Related requirements are national, state, or school standards that dictate
what you need to teach in a class.
If you teach a CTE course you likely need to tie your lessons to certification
requirements as well.
Every lesson you teach should help you hit those requirements. Listing them
in your lesson plans helps you satisfy those requirements while focusing on
the end goal of your class!
On top of that, some administrators require teachers to distinctly show how
they will teach course standards in each lesson.
If you put them on your lesson plans, you’ve got a quick reference to prove
you’re on the ball!
When listing course standards or certification items on your lesson plan, it’s
smart to use the exact organizational system found on your standards to
make sure your class aligns.
If you don’t have the specific outline for your course standards, ask another
teacher or your administrator where you can find them.
To get detailed certification requirements, check the certification provider’s
website for an exam outline or test plan.
Laying out each lesson plan according to your requirements can be tedious
work, but it will ultimately help you stay organized and aligned with what
you’re supposed to teach!
3. Lesson Materials
The third section on your lesson plan is the list of materials that you need to
teach the lesson and measure student outcomes.
This section prepares you to deliver your lessons every day.
Without this list, you may accidentally forget to print an important
document or sign out the shared laptop cart!
Common types of lesson materials include:

Student handouts
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Textbooks
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Visual aids
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Grading rubrics

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 Activity packets
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Computers / Tablets

The list of materials for each lesson depends on what you plan to teach, how
you’ll teach it, and how you’ll measure lesson objectives.
Because of this, many teachers compile their list of lesson materials in
tandem with their lesson procedure!
4. Lesson Procedure
Your lesson procedure is an in-depth explanation of how the lesson will progress
in the classroom.
The lesson procedure is essentially step-by-step instructions that walk you
through everything from the time students enter the classroom until the bell
rings at the end of the period.
It’s smart to be very detailed in this portion of your lesson plan. After all,
there will be cases when another teacher or substitute needs to fill in for
you!
When writing your lesson procedure, you need to choose the type of
activities that will help students meet the lesson objectives.
To do that, you can answer a list of questions, including:

How will you introduce the topic?

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What’s the best way to teach this information to your students?

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How can you incorporate problem solving and critical thinking?

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What real-life scenarios relate to this topic?

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 Does this topic lend itself to group work?
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It’s also a great idea to find out how other teachers address the topics in the
classroom. You can do this by talking to coworkers, joining an online
community, or searching for lesson ideas on educational blogs.
After writing out a rough draft of your lesson procedure, many teachers
outline it according to a specific teaching strategy.
The teachers use the four phases:

1.

Explore: Students discover a concept

2.
3.

Learn & Practice: Students apply their discoveries

4.
5.

Reflect: Students review what they’ve learned

6.
7.

Reinforce: Students apply their knowledge to problem-solving

scenarios

8.

Phase 1 - Explore
In the Explore phase of your lesson, you’ll introduce the objectives of the lesson
and discuss key concepts students should know.
This portion of your lesson procedure may entail an icebreaker activity to
get students thinking about a new concept.
In other cases, you might introduce the information by using a
presentation to lecture while your students take notes.
Ultimately, the strategy you use in the Explore phase will depend on the
topics you’ll be teaching and your students’ prior knowledge.
Phase 2 - Learn & Practice
In the Learn & Practice phase, your students will work independently to get into
the details of your lesson.
If you use a textbook as your main curriculum resource, your students can
read through an assigned passage to take notes or complete a worksheet.
If you use a digital curriculum system, it’s the perfect time for students to
work through the digital lessons and guided notes.
You may also incorporate a class activity, group work, or skills practice to
further engage your students in what they’re learning.
Overall, this phase will make up the bulk of your lesson time, so be sure to
detail everything out in your lesson procedure!
Phase 3 - Reflect
In the Reflect phase, students will look back (and reflect on) what they’ve
learned in the lesson.
Most often, teachers lead a class discussion with critical thinking questions
for students to answer aloud or in their class journal.
It’s important to list the questions you plan to ask within the lesson
procedure, to make sure you don’t forget anything!
Phase 4 - Reinforce
In the Reinforce phase, students will apply what they’ve learned through critical
thinking activities.
Depending on the lesson, you may want students to complete these tasks
individually or as part of a group.
This portion of the lesson procedure helps you gauge if your students will
achieve the lesson objectives and often tie in with the assessment method!
5. Assessment Method
The assessment method measures whether your students learned a lesson’s
information and met your lesson objectives.
The methods listed on your lesson plan will most often be formative
assessments and vary from lesson to lesson.
To start, there are dozens of ways to measure student learning through
formative assessments. Some of the most common assessment options
include:

Quizzes

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Hands-on activities
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Writing assignments
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Group presentations
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Exit slips

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Class journal entries

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In addition, your assessment method may be an in-class assignment or

homework for students to complete prior to the next class.
When choosing your assessment method, it’s important to incorporate your
lesson objectives.
If an objective was related to understanding a concept, consider an
assessment that requires students to explain that concept.
If an objective was for students to demonstrate a skill, design an assessment
to confirm they can do that skill.
Also, while many assessments receive grades in a class, formative
assessments don’t always need to be graded!
Ultimately, the purpose of this assessment is to measure how well your
students learned a lesson’s material based on the way you presented
information.
This measurement will help you wrap up each lesson plan with the lesson
reflection.
6. Lesson Reflection
The lesson reflection portion of a lesson plan encourages teachers to take notes
on how to improve a lesson after it has been completed.
By this point, your lesson has clear objectives, a plan for teaching, and a
way to assess student learning.
But if you don’t critically consider whether you succeeded, you’re doing a
disservice to your future students!
When completing your lesson reflection, ask yourself questions like:

Did a part of the lesson take longer than expected?

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 Was there a portion that students asked for a lot of help with?
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Did students breeze through the information with no problem?

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Were students engaged and interested in the lesson?

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Were the objectives met by most (or all) of the students?

Essentially, you want to note any part of your lesson that didn’t go as
expected.
In addition, it’s smart to record ideas for improvement or adjustments in this
section as well.
That way, when you go to teach your lessons in the future, you have all of
the information for improvement in one place!
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