LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

Module No. 11
DPWH “Blue Book”
Topic:

 Facilities for the Engineer and Other General Requirement

 Earthworks
 Materials Details

Time Frame: 13 hours

Introduction:
Construction of government infrastructure facilities of the highest quality has always
been the primary mandate of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH).
Cognizant of the importance of providing effective standard specifications to be used in the
implementation of projects that will produce sound, durable and economical structures, this
Department has revised the 1995 edition of the DPWH Standard Specifications for
Highways, Bridges and Airports (VolumeII).
The revision was made in response to some valid comments on the use of said
specifications to suit the actual field conditions and in consonance with the policy direction of
the Department to improve the quality of infrastructure projects. All previous amendments
made as well as new specifications developed were considered and included in this 2004
edition, for the guidance and compliance of all concerned.
Objectives:
At the end of this chapter, the students are expected to:
1. Assess the facilities for the Engineer and other General Requirement from the
DPWH “Blue Book”;
2. Classify the earthworks from the DPWH “Blue Book”;and
3. Generalize the materials details from the DPWH “Blue Book”.
Learning Activities:
FACILITIES FOR THE ENGINEER AND OTHER GENERAL REQUIREMENT
A.1 REQUIREMENTS
A.1.1 Offices and Laboratories for the Engineer
1. The Contractor shall provide and maintain field offices and testing laboratories,
including all the necessary electricity, water, drainage and telephone services for
the use of the Engineer and his staff. The offices and laboratories shall have
atleast the floor are a prescribed on the Plans and shall contain the equipment,
supplies and furnishings specified in the Contract. Testing equipment supplied in
accordance with the Special Provisions shall be located in testing laboratories as
required by the

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Engineer. All offices and laboratories shall be ready for occupancy and use by the
Engineer within two (2) months of the commencement of the Works.
All facilities provided by the Contractor shall be near the job site, where necessary
and shall conform to the best standard for the required types. On completion of the
Contract, the facilities provided by the Contractor including utilities and
communication facilities shall revert to the Government including office equipment,
apparatus, pieces of furniture, laboratory equipment, etc., unless otherwise
specified in the Contract documents.
The Contractor shall provide suitable utilities and services, such as potable water,
electricity, sewerage and security on a 24-hour basis.
2. The Contractor shall provide qualified and experienced laboratory staff to carry out
all the materials quality control and all the tests specified in the Contract and
required by the Engineer. The person so appointed by the Contractor to manage
the laboratory shall be well experienced in the type of work to be undertaken and
shallbesubjecttotheapprovaloftheEngineer.Heshallworkfulltimeandshallbe
responsible to the Engineer for all works carriedout.
3. The telephone service, if required in the Contract shall have a separate connection
direct to the telephone company’s telephone exchange single line for the exclusive
use of the Engineer and hisstaff.
4. The Contractor shall provide, if required in the Contract, a two-way radio
communicationservice.
5. Any portable offices required in the Contract shall be dismantled, moved and
erected from time to time as directed by the Engineer. 6. All offices, stores and
testing laboratories shall be proficiently guarded at all times of the day and night,
regularlyandproperlycleaned,adequatelysuppliedandmaintainedfortheduration of
theContract.
A.1.2 Vehicles for theEngineer
The Contractor shall provide within thirty (30) calendar days after notice to commence
work,thevehicleslistedintheSpecialProvisionsfortheexclusiveuseoftheEngineer. The
vehicles to be provided by the Contractor shall be to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
The contractor shall maintain the vehicle in first class condition and shall be supplied
with appropriate fuel and lubricants at all times. He shall provide equivalent substitute
vehicles during any period when the specified vehicles are taken out of service for
maintenance, repair or any other reason. Unless otherwise specified, the vehicle shall
at the end of the Contract become the property of the Government.
A.1.3 Assistance to theEngineer
The Contractor shall at all times during the duration of the Contract provide for the use
of the Engineer all equipment, instruments and apparatus, all information and records
and qualified chainmen and laborers required by the Engineer for inspecting and

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measuring the Works. Such equipment, instruments and apparatus shall includethose
listed in the SpecialProvisions.
A.1.4 Photographs
The Contractor shall provide record photographs taken as, when and where directed
by the Engineer at intervals of not more than one month. The photographs shall be
sufficient in number and location to record the exact progress of the Works. The
Contractor shall provide one proof print of each photograph taken, and the negative
andtencopies,notlessthan254mmx203mmandprintedonglossypaper,ofanyof the
photographs by the Engineer. The photographs retained by the Engineer will become
the property of the Government and the Contractor shall supply approved albums to
accommodate them. Two copies are to be signed by the Contractor, one of which will
be signed by the Engineer and returned to theContractor.
A.2 MEASUREMENT ANDPAYMENT
A.2.1 Measurement
1. Lump-sum items shall be provided for the provisionof:
a. Office building for the Engineer including pieces of furniture, appliances and
equipment.
b. Laboratory building for the Engineer including furniture, appliances and
equipment.
c. Survey equipment for theEngineer.
2. The quantities for the maintenance of the office and the laboratory for the
Engineer
shallbeforthetimetheEngineeroccupiestheofficeandthelaboratoryrespectively. The
unit of the measure is“month”.
3. No separate payment shall be made in respect of consumable materials as this is
deemed to be included in the pay item for maintenance of the Engineer’sfacilities.
4. The quantities for the provision of vehicles for the Engineer shall be the number of
each type of vehicle supplied. The unit of measure is“each”.
5. The quantities for the operation of vehicle for the Engineer shall be for the time the
Engineerissuppliedwitheachvehiclepriortotheirfinallybecomingthepropertyof the
Government. The unit of measure is“month”.
6. The quantities for progress photographs shall be the number of photographs
selected and provided as progress photographs. The unit of measure is‘each”.
A.2.2 Payment
The quantities determined as provided above shall be paid for at the appropriate
contract unit price, for each of the particular pay items shown in the Bill of Quantities
which price and payment shall constitute full compensation for furnishing and
maintaining such items.

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B.1 OFFICES, SHOPS, STORES AND WORKMENS ACCOMMODATION FOR

CONTRACTOR
The contractor shall provide and maintain such offices, stores, workshops latrines,
housing and messing accommodations as are necessary. These should be located in
the Contractor’s compound, distinct and separate from the Engineer’s compound. The
location, dimensions and layout of such buildings and places shall be subject to the
approval of the Engineer. The Contractor shall not be permitted to erect temporary
buildings or structures on the site without the specific permission in writing of the
Engineer including approval of the dimensions of such buildings or structures. Before
the commencement of the period of Warranty, the Contractor shall fence of the
Contractor’s store area from the rest of the Site. By the end of the Period of Warranty,
the Contractor shall remove this fence and all buildings shall be cleared and the area
shall be graded as required by the Engineer.
B.2 MEDICAL ROOM AND FIRST AIDFACILITIES
1. The Contractor shall provide and maintain throughout the duration of the Contract, a
medical room together with all necessary supplies to be sited in the Contractor’s main
area. The medical room shall be waterproof; it could be a building or room designated
and used exclusively for the purpose and have a floor area of at least 15 square meters
and a glazed window area of at least 2 squaremeters.
2. The Contractor shall employ permanently on the site a fully trained Medical Aide who
shall be engaged solely from medicalduties.
3. Thelocationofthemedicalroomandanyotherarrangementsshallbemadeknown to all
employees by posting on prominent locations suitable notices in theSite.
4. The Contractor’s arrangement to comply with this Section shall be subject to the
approval of the Engineer and also to the approval of any qualified Medical Officer
designated by the Government to supervise medical arrangements on theSite.
B.3 MEASUREMENT ANDPAYMENT
WorkprescribedinSectionB.2shallnotbemeasuredandpaidseparately,sameshall be
deemed to be included in pay items for other items forwork.
EARTHWORKS
ITEM 100 – CLEARING AND GRUBBING
 Description
Thisitemshallconsistofclearing,grubbing,removinganddisposingallvegetationand
debrisasdesignatedintheContract,exceptthoseobjectsthataredesignatedtoremain
inplaceoraretoberemovedinconsonancewithotherprovisionsofthisSpecification. The
work shall also include the preservation from injury or defacement of all objects
designated toremain.

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 ConstructionRequirements
TheEngineerwillestablishthelimitsofworkanddesignatealltrees,shrubs,plantsand other
things to remain. The Contractor shall preserve all objects designated to remain. Paint
required for cut or scarred surface of trees or shrubs selected for retention shall be an
approved asphaltum base paint prepared especially for treesurgery.

Clearingshallextendone(1)meterbeyondthetoeofthefillslopesorbeyondrounding of cut
slopes as the case maybe for the entire length of the project unless otherwise shown
on the plans or as directed by the Engineer and provided it is within the right of way
limits of the project, with the exception of trees under the jurisdiction of the Forest
Management Bureau(FMB).

 Basis ofPayment
The accepted quantities, measured as prescribed in Section 100.3, shall be paid for at
the Contract unit price for each of the Pay Items listed below that is included in the Bill
of Quantities, which price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing all
labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in
this Item.
Payment will be made under:

ITEM 101 – REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS

 Description
This Item shall consist of the removal wholly or in part, and satisfactory disposal of all
buildings, fences, structures, old pavements, abandoned pipe lines, and any other
obstructions which are not designated or permitted to remain, except for the
obstructions to be removed and disposed of under other items in the Contract. It shall
alsoincludethesalvagingofdesignatedmaterialsandbackfillingtheresultingtrenches,
holes, andpits.

 ConstructionRequirements
The Contractor shall perform the work described above, within and adjacent to the
roadway, on Government land or easement, as shown on the Plans or as directed by

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the Engineer. All designated salvable material shall be removed, without unnecessary
damage,insectionsorpieceswhichmaybereadilytransported,andshallbestoredby the
Contractor at specified places on the project or as otherwise shown in the Special
Provisions. Perishable material shall be handled as designated in Subsection 100.2.2
Nonperishable material may be disposed of outside the limits of view from the project
withwrittenpermissionofthepropertyowneronwhosepropertythematerialisplaced.
Copies of all agreements with property owners are to be furnished to the Engineer.
Basements or cavities left by the structure removal shall be filled with acceptable
material to the level of the surrounding ground and, if within the prism of construction,
shall be compacted to the requireddensity.

 Basis ofPayment
The accepted quantities, measured as prescribed in Section 101.3, shall be paid for at
theContractunitpriceorlumpsumpricebidforeachofthePayItemslistedbelowthat is
included in the Bill of Quantities which price and payment shall be full compensation
for removing and disposing of obstructions, including materials, labor, equipments,
toolsandincidentalsnecessarytocompletetheworkprescribedinthisItem.Theprice
shallalsoincludebackfilling,salvageofmaterialsremoved,theircustody,preservation,
storage on the right-of-way and disposal as providedherein.
Payment will be made under:

ITEM 102 – EXCAVATION

 Description
This Item shall consist of roadway and drainage and borrow excavation and the
disposal of material in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the
lines, grades and dimensions shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer.

 ConstructionRequirements
When there is evidence of discrepancies on the actual elevations and that shown on
the Plans, a pre-construction survey referred to the datum plane used in the approved
Plan shall be undertaken by the Contractor under the control of the Engineer to serve
as basis for the computation of the actual volume of the excavated materials.

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All excavations shall be finished to reasonably smooth and uniform surfaces. No

materialsshallbewastedwithoutauthorityoftheEngineer.Excavationoperationsshall be
conducted so that material outside of the limits of slopes will not be disturbed. Prior to
excavation, all necessary clearing and grubbing in that area shall have been
performed in accordance with Item 100, Clearing andGrubbing.

 Basis ofPayment
The accepted quantities, measured as prescribed in Section 102.3 shall be paid for at
the contract unit price for each of the Pay Items listed below that is included in the Bill
of Quantities which price and payment shall be full compensation for the removal and
disposal of excavated materials including all labor, equipment, tools, and incidentals
necessary to complete the work prescribed in this Item.
Payment will be made under:

ITEM 103 – STRUCTURE EXCAVATION

 Description
This Item shall consist of the necessary excavation for foundation of bridges, culverts,
underdrains, and other structures not otherwise provided for in the Specifications.
Except as otherwise provided for pipe culverts, the backfilling of completed structures
and the disposal of all excavated surplus materials, shall be in accordance with these
Specifications and in reasonably close conformity with the Plans or as established by
the Engineer.
This Item shall include necessary diverting of live streams, bailing, pumping, draining,
sheeting, bracing, and the necessary construction of cribs and cofferdams, and
furnishingthematerialstherefore,andthesubsequentremovalofcribsandcofferdams and
the placing of all necessarybackfill.
It shall also include the furnishing and placing of approved foundation fill material to
replace unsuitable material encountered below the foundation elevation of structures.
No allowance will be made for classification of different types of material encountered.

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 ConstructionRequirements
Priortostartingexcavationoperationsinanyarea,allnecessaryclearingandgrubbing in that
area shall have been performed in accordance with Item 100, Clearing and Grubbing.
 Basis ofPayment
The accepted quantities, measured as prescribed in Section 103.3, shall be paid for at
the contract unit price for each of the particular pay items listed below that is included
intheBillofQuantities.Thepaymentshallconstitutefullcompensationfortheremoval
anddisposalofexcavatedmaterialsincludingalllabor,equipment,toolsandincidentals
necessary to complete the work prescribed in thisItem.
Payment will be made under:

ITEM 104 – EMBANKMENT

 Description
This Item shall consist of the construction of embankment in accordance with this
Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions shown on the
Plans or established by the Engineer.
 ConstructionRequirements
Prior to construction of embankment, all necessary clearing and grubbing in that area
shall have been performed in conformity with Item 100, Clearing and Grubbing.
Embankment construction shall consist of constructing roadway embankments,
including preparation of the areas upon which they are to be placed; the construction
of dikes within or adjacent to the roadway; the placing and compacting of approved
material within roadway areas where unsuitable material has been removed; and the
placing and compacting of embankment material in holes, pits, and other depressions
within the roadway area.

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Embankmentsandbackfillsshallcontainnomuck,peat,sod,rootsorotherdeleterious
matter. Rocks, broken concrete or other solid, bulky materials shall not be placed in
embankment areas where piling is to be placed ordriven.
Where shown on the Plans or directed by the Engineer, the surface of the existing
ground shall be compacted to a depth of 150 mm (6 inches) and to the specified
requirements of this Item.
Where provided on the Plans and Bill of Quantities the top portions of the roadbed in
both cuts and embankments, as indicated, shall consist of selected borrow for topping
from excavations.
 Basis ofPayment
The accepted quantities, measured as prescribed in Section 104.4, shall be paid for at
the Contract unit price for each of the Pay Items listed below that is included in the Bill
ofQuantities.Thepaymentshallcontinuefullcompensationforplacingandcompacting
allmaterialsincludingalllabor,equipment,toolsandincidentalsnecessarytocomplete the
work prescribed in thisItem.
Payment will be made under:

Item 105 – SUBGRADE PREPARATION

 Description
This item shall consist of the preparation of the subgrade for the support of overlying
structural layers. It shall extend to full width of the roadway. Unless authorized by the
Engineer,subgradepreparationshallnotbedoneunlesstheContractorisabletostart
immediately the construction of the pavementstructure.

 ConstructionRequirements
Prior to commencing preparation of the subgrade, all culverts, cross drains, ducts and
the like (including their fully compacted backfill), ditches, drains and drainage outlets
shall be completed. Any work on the preparation of the subgrade shall not be started
unless prior work herein described shall have been approved by the Engineer.

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 Basis ofPayment
The accepted quantities, measured as prescribed in Section 105.4, shall be paid for at
theappropriatecontractunitpriceforPayItemlistedbelowthatisincludedintheBillof
Quantities which price and payment shall be full compensation for the placing or
removal and disposal of all materials including all labor, equipment, tools and
incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in thisItem.
Payment will be made under:

ITEM 106 – COMPACTION EQUIPMENT AND DENSITY CONTROL STRIPS

 Description
When specified, this procedure will be used to determine density requirements of
selectedembankments,subgrade,bases,andbituminousconcrete.Theprocedurewill
consistofcontrolstripconstructiontoestablishtargetdensitiesforthespecifiedcourse plus
use of 32 sand-cone method of density testing equipment to determine in-place
densities obtained during the constructionprocess.

 ConstructionRequirements
Compaction equipment shall be capable of obtaining compaction requirementswithout
detrimentally affecting the compacted material. The equipment shall be modern,
efficient compacting units approved by the Engineer. The compacting units may be of
anytype,providedtheyarecapableofcompactingeachliftofmaterialasspecifiedand meet
the minimum requirements as containedherein.
Todeterminetargetdensity,acontrolstripshallbeconstructedatthebeginningofwork
eachcourseofmaterialtobecompacted.Eachcontrolstrip,constructedtoacceptable
density and surface tolerances shall remain in place and become a section of the
completed roadway. Unacceptable control strip shall be corrected or removed and
replaced at the Contractor’sexpense.

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 Basis ofPayment
Unless otherwise provided, the cost of constructing the control strip will be considered
incidental to the cost of the work item for which a control strip is required. Payment for
theworkitemshallbedeemedtoincludecompensationforperformingtheworkherein
specified and the furnishing of all materials, labors, tools, equipment and incidentals
necessary to construct the density control strip. No payment will be made for any
material used in the construction of unacceptable controlstrip.

ITEM 107 – OVERHAUL

 Description
Overhaul shall consist of authorized hauling in excess of the free-haul distance. Free-
haul distance is the specified distance that excavated material shall be hauled without
additional compensation. Unless otherwise provided in the Contract, the free-haul
distance shall be 600 meters.

 Basis ofPayment
Theacceptedquantities,measuredasprescribedinSection107.2,shallbepaidforthe
contract unit price for Overhaul, for the particular Pay Item listed below that is shown
on the Bill of Quantities, which price and payment shall be full compensation for
overhaul, including all labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete
the work prescribed in thisItem.
Payment will be made under:

MATERIALS DETAILS
ITEM 700 – HYDRAULIC CEMENT
 Portland Cement and MasonryCement
Cement shall conform to the requirements of the following cited Specifications for the
type specified or permitted. Type Specifications Portland Cement AASHTO M 85
(ASTM C 150) Blended Hydraulic Cements AASHTO M 240 (ASTM C 595) Masonry
CementAASHTOM150-74(ASTMC91)WhenTypesIVandV(AASHTOM85),P
and PA (AASHTO M 150) cements are used, proper recognition shall be given to the
effects of slower strength gain on concrete proportioning andconstruction practices.

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Types S and SA cements will be permitted only when blended with Portland Cement in
proportions approved by the Engineer.
ITEM 701 – CONSTRUCTION LIME (HYDRATED)
Hydrated lime shall conform to the requirements of PHILSA I-1-68 or ASTM C 207-76 and
shall be of the following type :
TypeN - Normal hydrated lime for masonry purposes.
TypeS - Special hydrated lime for masonrypurposes.
TypeNA - Normal air-entraining hydrated lime for masonry purposes.
TypeSA - Special air-entraining hydrated lime for masonrypurposes.
Type N and S are suitable for use in mortar, in scratch and brown coats of cement plaster, for
stucco and for addition to Portland Cement concrete.
Type NA and SA are air-entrained hydrated limes that are suitable for use in any of the above
uses where air-entrainment are desired.
Type S and SA hydrated lime develop high, early plasticity and higher water retentivity and by
a limitation on their unhydrated oxide content.
It is the intent of this Specification to use either the Type N or S for soil stabilization and as
fillerrequirementtobituminousplantmixtures.Itisexpectedtoprovidepavementswithgreater
resistance to the detrimental effects of water, especially flooding during the rainyseason.
ITEM 702 – BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
 AsphaltCements
Asphalt cement shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 226.
 LiquidAsphalts
Liquid asphalt shall conform to the requirements of the followingspecifications:
Rapid CuringLiquidAsphalts - AASHTO M81
Medium CuringLiquid Asphalts - AASHTO M82
 EmulsifiedAsphalts
Emulsified asphalts shall conform to the requirements of the followingspecifications:
EmulsifiedAsphalt(Anionic) - AASHTO M 140 (ASTM D 977)
EmulsifiedAsphalt(Cationic) - AASHTO M208

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ITEM 703 – AGGREGATES

 Fine Aggregate forConcrete
Fine Aggregate for concrete shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 6, with
no deleterious substances in excess of the following percentages:
Clay lumps 3.0
Coal and lignite 1.0
Material passing 0.075 mm sieve 4.0
Other substances – as shown in the Special Provisions
Lightweightaggregate,ifrequiredorpermittedbytheSpecialProvisions,shallmeetthe
pertinent requirements of AASHTO M195.
 Coarse Aggregate for Portland CementConcrete
Coarse aggregate for concrete shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 80.
Lightweight aggregate, if required or permitted by the Special Provisions, shall conform
to the requirements of AASHTO M 195, for the grading specified.
 Coarse Aggregate for BituminousConcrete
Coarse aggregate retained on the 2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve shall be crushed stone,
crushedslagorcrushedornaturalgravelandunlessotherwisestipulated,shallconform to
the quality requirements of AASHTO M 79 –74.
When crushed gravel is used, it shall meet the pertinent requirements of Section 2.1
and 3.1 of AASHTO M 62 – 74 and not less than 50 mass percent of the particles
retainedonthe4.75mm(No.4)sieveshallhaveatleastonefracturedface.Thecoarse
aggregateshallbeofsuchgradationthatwhencombinedwithotherrequiredaggregate
fractionsinproperproportion,theresultantmixturewill378meetthegradationrequired under
the composition of mixture for the specific type under contract. Only one kind shall be
used on the project except by permission of theEngineer.
 Fine Aggregate for BituminousConcrete
Fine aggregate passing the 2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve shall consist of natural sand, stone,
stone screenings or slag screenings or a combination thereof and unless otherwise
stipulated shall conform to the quality requirements of AASHTO M 29 (ASTM D 1073).
Fine aggregate shall be of such gradation that when combined with other required
aggregate fractions in proper proportion, the resultant mixture will meet the gradation
required under the composition of mixture for the specific type under contract.
ITEM 703A – MINERAL FILLER
Mineralfillershallconsistoffinelydividedmineralmattersuchasrockdust,slagdust,hydrated
lime,hydrauliccement,flyashorothersuitablemineralmatter.Itshallbefreefromorganic

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impurities and at the time of use, shall be sufficiently dry to flow freely and shall be essentially
free from agglomerations.
Filler material for bituminous bases or pavements shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M
17, Mineral Filler for Bituminous Paving Mixtures.
Mineral filler shall be graded within the following limits:

The mineral filler shall have a plasticity index not greater than 4. Plasticity index limits are not
appropriate for hydraulic lime and cement.
ITEM 705 – JOINT MATERIALS
 Joint Fillers
Poured filler for joints shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 173.
Preformed fillers for joints shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 33 (ASTM
D 994), AASHTO M 153, AASHTO M 213, AASHTO M 220, as specified, and shall be
punchedtoadmitthedowelswherecalledforonthePlans.Thefillerforeachjointshall be
furnished in a single piece for the depth and width required for the joint unless
otherwise authorized by the Engineer. When the use of more than one piece is
authorized for a joint, the abutting ends shall be fastened securely and held accurately
to shape, by stapling or other positive fastening satisfactory to theEngineer.
 JointMortar
Pipe joint mortar shall consist of one-part Portland Cement and two parts approved
sandwithwaterasnecessarytoobtaintherequiredconsistency.PortlandCementand sand
shall conform respectively to Section 700.1 and 703.1. If shown in the Special
Provisions, air entrainment conforming to Section 708.2 shall be provided. Mortarshall
be used within 30 minutes after itspreparation.
ITEM 706 – CONCRETE, CLAY, PLASTIC AND FIBER PIPE
 Non-Reinforced Concrete Pipe
This pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 86 (ASTM C 14) for the
specified diameters and strength classes.
 Reinforced ConcretePipe
This pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 170 or AASHTO M 242
(ASTM C 655) for specified diameters and strength classes.

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Elliptical pipe conforming to the requirements of AASHTO M 207 (ASTM C 507) shall
be furnished where specified. Unless otherwise specified, pipe wall design and use of
elliptical reinforced concrete arch culvert pipe shall meet the requirements of AASHTO
M 206 (ASTM C 506).
Precastreinforcedconcreteandsectionsshallconformtotherequirementsofthecited
specifications to the extent which they apply. Reinforced concrete D-load pipe shall
meet the requirements of AASHTO M 242 (ASTM C655).
 Perforated ConcretePipe
This pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 175 for the specified
diameters and strength classes.
 DrainTile
This pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 178 or M 179 (ASTM C 4)
for the specified material, diameters and quality classes.
 Porous ConcretePipe
This pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 176 (ASTM C 654) for the
specified diameters.
 Vitrified Clay Lined Reinforced ConcretePipe
Designs for fully lined or half lined pipes of the specified strength classes shall be
submitted by the manufacturer for approval. The application requirements of AASHTO
M 170 and AASHTO M 65 shall govern. Liner or liner elements, shall be clay of first
quality, sound, thoroughly and perfectly burned without warps, cracks or other
imperfections and fully and smoothly salt glazed.
 Perforated Vitrified ClayPipe
This pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 65, for pipe with fullcircular
cross-section, for the specified diameters and strength class. When specified, the bell
shall have integral spacer lugs to provide for an annular opening and self-centering
feature.
 Vitrified ClayPipe
ThispipeshallconformtotherequirementsofSection706.7forthespecifieddiameters and
strength classes for circular, unperforated or perforated pipe as shown on the Plans.
 Cradle Invert ClayPipe
This pipe shall conform to the applicable requirements of AASHTO M 65.
 Asbestos CementPipe

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 LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

This pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 217 (ASTM C 428) for the
specified diameters and strength classes.
 Perforated Asbestos CementPipe
This pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 189 for the specified
diameters.
 Bituminized FiberPipe
This pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 177 ASTM D 1861 or D
1862.
ITEM 707 – METAL PIPE
 Cast IronPipe
This pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 64 or ASTM A 716 for the
specified diameters and strength classes. Unless otherwise specified, either smooth,
corrugated or ribbed pipe may be furnished. Pipe of diameter in excess of 1.2 m (48
inches) shall conform to ANSI Standard for Cast Iron Pit Cast Pipe for specified
diameter and strength class.
 Riveted Pipe and PipeArches
The conduit shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 36 and M 218 for the
specified dimensions and thicknesses.
 Welded Pipe and PipeArches
Corrugated steel pipe and pipe arches fabricated by resistance spot welding shall
comply with the applicable requirements of AASHTO M 36 and M 218.
 Helical Pipe
UnperforatedhelicallycorrugatedpipesshallconformtosizesshownonthePlansand with
the applicable requirements of AASHTO M 36 and M218.
ITEM 708 – CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES FOR CONCRETE
 Description
This Item specifies the classification, sampling, testing, packing and marking of
concrete admixtures. It also specifies the physical requirements for concrete with
each type of chemical admixtures.
 Types of Chemical Admixtures forConcrete
Theconcretechemicaladmixtureshallbeclassifiedasfollowsandshallconformtothe
requirements of AASHTO M194.

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 LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

a. Type A – Accelerating Admixtures An admixture that accelerates the time of

setting and early strength development ofconcrete.
b. Type B – Retarding Admixtures An admixture that delays the time of setting of
concrete.
c. Type C – Water-reducing Admixtures An admixture that reduces the quantity of
mixing water required to produce concrete of a givenconsistency.
d. TypeD–Water-reducingHighRange,AdmixturesAnadmixturethatdecreases
thequantityofmixingwaterrequiredtoproduceconcreteofagivenconsistency by 12
percent orgreater.
e. Type E – Water-Reducing and Accelerating Admixtures An admixture that
decreases the quantity of mixing water required to produce concrete of a given
consistency and hastens the time of setting and early strength development of
concrete.
f. Type F – Water-Reducing and Retarding Admixtures An admixture that
decreases the quantity of mixing water required to produce concrete of a given
consistency and delays the time of setting ofconcrete.
g. TypeG–Water-Reducing,HighRange,andRetardingAdmixturesAnadmixture that
decreases the quantity of mixing water required to produce concrete of a given
consistency of 12 percent or greater and delays the time of setting of concrete.
ITEM 709 – PAINTS
 Description
This Item covers all paint materials including Vehicles, Pigment, Pastes, Driers,
Thinners and Mixed Paints for steel and wooden structures.
 MaterialRequirements
Paint, except, aluminum paint, shall consist of pigments of the required fineness and
composition ground to the desired consistency in linseed oil in a suitable grinding
machine, to which shall be added additional oil, thinner and drier as required.
Aluminum paint shall consist of aluminum bronze powder or paste of the required
fineness and composition to which shall be added the specified amount of vehicle.
The paint shall be furnished for use in ready mixed, paste or powder form.
All paint shall meet the following general requirements:
a. The paint shall show no excessive settling and shall easily be redispersed with
a paddle to a smooth, homogenous state. The paint shall show no 402 curdling,
livering, caking or color separation and shall be free from lumps andskins.
b. The paint as received shall brush easily, possess good levelling properties and
shall show no running or sagging when applied to a smooth verticalsurface.
c. The paint shall dry to a smooth uniform finish free from roughness grit,
unevenness and otherimperfections.

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 LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

d. The paint shall not skin within 48 hours in three quarters filled closedcontainer.
e. The paint shall show no thickening, curdling, gelling or hard caking after six (6)
monthsstorageinfull,tightlycoveredcontaineratatemperatureof21⁰C(70⁰F).
Self-Evaluation Test:
Answer the following questions:
1. What are the requirements for the facilities of engineers? Discuss briefly.
Review of Concept:
 The Contractor shall provide and maintain field offices and testing laboratories,
including all the necessary electricity, water, drainage and telephone services for the
use of the Engineer and hisstaff.
 All facilities provided by the Contractor shall be near the job site, where necessaryand
shall conform to the best standard for the requiredtypes.
 The Contractor shall provide within thirty (30) calendar days after notice to commence
work,thevehicleslistedintheSpecialProvisionsfortheexclusiveuseoftheEngineer.
 The Contractor shall provide record photographs taken as, when and where directed
by the Engineer at intervals of not more than onemonth.
 The Contractor shall provide and maintain throughout the duration of the Contract, a
medical room together with all necessary supplies to be sited in the Contractor’s main
area.
 Item100shallconsistofclearing,grubbing,removinganddisposingallvegetationand
debrisasdesignatedintheContract,exceptthoseobjectsthataredesignatedtoremain
inplaceoraretoberemovedinconsonancewithotherprovisionsofthisSpecification.
 Item 101 shall consist of the removal wholly or in part, and satisfactory disposal of all
buildings, fences, structures, old pavements, abandoned pipe lines, and any other
obstructions which are not designated or permitted to remain, except for the
obstructions to be removed and disposed of under other items in theContract.
 Item102shallconsistofroadwayanddrainageandborrowexcavationandthedisposal
ofmaterialinaccordancewiththisSpecificationandinconformitywiththelines,grades and
dimensions shown on the Plans or established by theEngineer.
 Item 103 shall consist of the necessary excavation for foundation of bridges, culverts,
underdrains, and other structures not otherwise provided for in theSpecifications.
 Item 104 shall consist of the construction of embankment in accordance with this
Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions shown on the
Plans or established by theEngineer.
 Item 105 shall consist of the preparation of the subgrade for the support of overlying
structural layers. It shall extend to full width of theroadway.
 When Item 106 is specified, this procedure will be used to determine density
requirements of selected embankments, subgrade, bases, and bituminousconcrete.
 Item 107 shall consist of authorized hauling in excess of the free-haul distance. Free-
haul distance is the specified distance that excavated material shall be hauled without
additionalcompensation.

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 LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

 Materials details consist of items involving hydraulic cement, construction lime,

bituminousmaterials,aggregates,mineralfiller,masonryunits,jointmaterials,concrete
clay, plastic and fiber pipe, metal pipe, chemical admixtures for concrete, paints,etc.

References:
 Department of Public Works and Highways. (2004). DPWH Standard Specifications for
Public Works and Highways. Philippines: Department of Public Works andHighways.

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