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Tutorial 5

1. The document provides solutions to differential equations using regular singular points, power series methods, and Frobenius methods. Regular singular points are identified for equations 1-4. Equations 5-8 are solved using power series expansions. Equations 9-11 are solved using Frobenius methods involving power series expansions with logarithmic terms. Equation 12 is also solved using Frobenius methods.

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Harsh Bopche
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
45 views

Tutorial 5

1. The document provides solutions to differential equations using regular singular points, power series methods, and Frobenius methods. Regular singular points are identified for equations 1-4. Equations 5-8 are solved using power series expansions. Equations 9-11 are solved using Frobenius methods involving power series expansions with logarithmic terms. Equation 12 is also solved using Frobenius methods.

Uploaded by

Harsh Bopche
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial-05

(Q.I) Find the regular singular points of the following differential equations:

1. 2 x 2 y ''+ 3 x y '+ ( x 2 − 4) y = 0 . Ans: x=0


2. x ( x − 2) y ''+ 2( x − 2) y '+ ( x + 3) y = 0 .
2 2
Ans: x=2
3. 9 x (1 − x ) y ''− 12 y '+ 4 y = 0 . Ans: x=0
4. ( x + 1) y ''− 3 x y '+ 2 y = 0 . Ans: x= -1

(Q.II) Solve the following differential equations by power series method:

 x4 x8 x12   x5 x9 
5. y ''+ x 2 y = 0 Ans: y = a0 1 − + − + ⋯  + a1  x − + ⋯
 12 12 × 7 × 8 12 × 7 × 8 × 11×12   20 20 × 8 × 9 
 x4 x5 
6. (1 − x ) y ''− 2 xy '+ 2 y = 0
2
about x=0. Ans: y = a0 1 − x 2 − − + ⋯  + a1 x
 3 5 
 x2 x4 
7. (1 + x ) y ''+ xy '− y = 0
2
about x=0. Ans: y = a0  1 + − + ⋯  + a1 x
 2 8 

 x 2 3x 4 3 ⋅ 7 x 6   1 1 ⋅ 5 5 1⋅ 5 ⋅ 9 7 
8. y ''− 2 xy '+ y = 0 . Ans: y = a0  1 − − − − ⋯  + a1  x + x3 + x + x + ⋯
 2! 4! 6!   3! 5! 7! 

(Q.III) Solve the following differential equations by Frobenius method:

9. x( x − 1) y ''+ (3 x − 1) y '+ y = 0 Ans: y = A (1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + ⋯) + B log x (1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + ⋯)

 x x2 x3  1  x x2 x3 
10. 3 xy ''+ 2 y '+ y = 0 . Ans: y = a0  1 − + − + ⋯  + b0 x  1 − + −
3
+⋯
 2 20 480   4 56 1680 
 x3 x6 x9 
y = (c1 + c2 log x)a0 1 − 2 + 2 2 − 2 2 2 + ⋯ 
 3 3 ⋅6 3 ⋅6 ⋅9 
11. xy ''+ y '+ x 2 y = 0 . Ans:
 x3 x 6  1  2 x9  1 1  
+ 2c2 a0  3 − 5 2  1 +  + 9 2 1 + +  + ⋯ 
 3 3 ⋅2  2  3 ⋅2  2 3 
12. x(1 − x) y ''− (1 + 3 x) y '− y = 0.

y = (C1 + C2 log x) (1 ⋅ 2 x 2 + 2 ⋅ 3 x 3 + 3 ⋅ 4 x 4 + ⋯)
Ans: c1a0
+ C2 ( −1 + x + 5 x 2 + 11x 3 + ⋯) where C1 = , C2 = −b0 c2
2

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