.

Objectives:
~eorn1"9 .
d of this chapter, the student will be able to :
_Attheen

understand the importance of learning HTML.

;, Identify the web browser as a tool to view web pages.
;, Relate the concept of programming with Internet.
: understand WWW, URL and Protocol

World Wide Web is the most uni ue ervice of the IntE;-!)1et. Its protocol allows it to
. d.10 f ·, 1e ormats to users while
The smit text an d mu Itime · also allowing web browsers to
:::~ther internet services. The web is based on a concept cailecf hy~c.tixt."Which
m ~ t te~~ w!_0~_!_tu:~,pqr,.99,:ap~ s on ~!Ll>~ge is designed to act as a link to other
web pag!S, a~ the web pages are written in a speci~~~age called HTML. HTML stands
19.r~t~ p-~ng~aEe. -

, World Wide Web (WWW)

, The World Wide Web (WWW) is most often called the Web.
-
, The web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the

---
Internet.
• All the- comp.u_te.t:s i~ ~work use a communication stand'!!:d called

------------
HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to communicate with each other.

The WSr:elies on three mechanisms to make these resources readil)'. available to the
w,~ossible audience:

I. A uniform narping scheme for locating resources on the W_!'b (e.g.• U~)-
:· Protocols. fo~access to nam~ resources over the ,W~ (e.g.,~-
. H~ertext, for easy navigation among resources (e.g., HT~) .
...

------- ---m-- ------- ---

 ~~
- - ~ .. - - - -, -?~
r "
..s.., 'I ,;10, • .,.. n,n (i" I I.fl
~ ... .Lt,ii

HTTP
Hyper Text Transm
issio
Hyeertext refers . . f t t g1ra
ic link ~~o~ ~ ~ ki°
to combm
re fe rs to a dynam a!~on e_x ' -~ nhic. au dio..,,v.id~o and anim
--- ng at which, a new-w · - ation A Li
eb page or progra--m-- •,. · riyne.r\:~
op:~- ~~
W h a t is W eb se
rver ?
It is a speciali~ed
p~~~rful comp ~ er
and retrieve infor'! used to P~~ ~~ pa
'ation requ_~sted by g~s (hoS t ~ w~p si!
p_?_ge, it ma~es ~ _c_o _t ~e we~ . b~ows~r. Whe _e.) on.tht~tb
~ necti~~n to the s~ n a browser re.qu~
Information Server v~ r which m turn sf;~
--- ....______,_,
(I IS ), A pache Web server. s ~ d s th ~ ~ o~ nt . ~ !n ~ t
..__ - -- ~
~
W h a t is a W e b
browser ?
The web clients us
e.Jl.S)f t~q_r~ t ~a!
dj ~play ~~ p~~s. -01lows to nayigate_
Eg. In te rn e t E_xe th r_2ug_h _Wor\cl .W
r ', N~ ~~ ~ ~ ~v 1d~~ w_~ and
ig (!t o r, Mozi\\a Fi~
A b r~ E:r_f e t<:~ ~. ..
~ ~ a~e f ~ ~e-~
ryer t ~ ?ugh a~ T
TP request co~ ~in
W h a t is Websit ing the URL.
e? WWW

A colle <:_tion of web

e_~9..es constitutes
pages of a website --------- si website. Hypertext and hype
. ' ---
.......-~~-____...,._
r\in.....ks are us.. ed to link
W h a t is W e b p -
age ?
f
t

I t is an electronic '\
docume~t on th e in
!er~et th a t can ~<mt~in any ~
te x t and graphics. r
Introduction to U - - - - - -- - - t
Ris or (UR.Ls) t

Ev_e ry re so u rc e \
available on th e W
h a s an a d d re ss g,b -- H I~ L 99cu
th a t may be enco m~nt, i ~ e , visleo
(s o m e ti m e s gls~ ....... ·
---
"'- --

-~~l!~d UB_~..\J_niver
-- ·~-- ded b--·a U
- ~ :- ,-n-iv_er_sa
sal ~ ~ o u rc e Loca
tor
______ -
di~, ~egg~•~
,,l.._Resource Ident,f ,er, !"
..,._ -
URIS tyei~a!.ttf9t'}~
ist o f two c o m p ~ ts
:

-------- ~
- - - - - \L!!J.1 - _
- - - - - - - __/
 '" • / f•
' A
/

--------------------
;,• ·•. -
•· v _.....,
/_-,I ••, •

. heme of the mechanism used to ac~~ss t'1~ respurce Computer Science

,, r , O r T l ~ - --- Class VIII
ft,~ - .
1- f the machine ~o~t•f'.19 t~~ reso~e. ~ L ,Ls -k-u
-n.,.,
1J I ~
noro~- J - ft,._;.,. r , SJ, vfl.~
z. .,.i\JJW work? ~ '.J I'· 1 _..
does the YV Y9' ~,}u ._4,,,.f•.,.. ,. A'

~o- ·nformation is s_!,ored in g_qf.Y!Jl~ts c9lled Web.911g.,e s.

weblr~
' ;---- es are f ~ e . d o.n.c.runi;tu.:ters called Web servers
w~ - .
' t rs reading the Web pages are called Web clients.
compu e
' Web clients view the pages with a program called a Web browser.
,
lar browsers are Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator Opera and
, Popu·11 Firefox. Ch>t£J ,,.,.,, Jae. ta~, : ,t~ r o. -i.r''" "lt> ~~ ? ,
Moz• a , o I.,

·ng About URI/URLs

1,earn•
Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) point to the_jrtrormati~n ·sia(!t" i.e., they
•
address the Web.

. -- ~--- ---------
It is the short string that identifies resources in the web such as documents,
------,-_.;: -- -------
i ~ S , downloadable files, services, electronic mailboxes and other resources.

• They make ,r:.e spurces available under a vqr~ ty_pLn.9ming schemes and access
methods such a~TT_f, FTP and"I~er!'let _IJlgil OEdre.s_ sabJ~ in the same si~pl~ way. .,
;;' · I, ,~ ..... -~~,- f.,, ,-.~•l-~ -' •,.,_ j,.,t/'4 I·/ _,. .,_,., · l. '. ~~ ~ .,
~ - ,.. . , :· ., r f ,l>- I •

• The basic structure of a URI/URL is protocol ://server name/resource

or
protocol://domain name/resource
Howdoes the browser fetch the pages? vI \.
'--- - . •~
./ v! Y' O'
1 1- -t· ~-,
- ... , ' "
r J ~ ~, . ' ,; j,, ~~J.J ., .,_' ,},,._
• A browser fetches a Web page from a server by tCriquest. .
-
• A re t is ~andard HTTP (Hypertext Tra_~ sf~~~to:ol) req~t ~~~~ining a
~~ress ~RL). - ~ ·
• Apa
geaddress looks like this: http://www.apjschool.com /class 8.htm.
72 ~ -----·
. What is HTML?
io Publish inf
~ Q n for global distribution, one needs a universally u~erstood

-------- -- ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 i
------------~-~=::::~~
\anguage,akindo . . h
f publts~ ~ot_ t ue th a t a\\ computers may ;-;-7
W ___
pot_~ n ! i~J~!'der
eb.......is HTML ( Hy
,,.. _..
st
~
an d . T he puhl!~h!
e~ o~~n uag~ -~se
perText Markup n9 - 9 e) ·-
Lang~g .
d by
•
tn e W 'o r\ d '1/Jde
-.C..om
.....putersc,. ,ri~
C\~,'I\\\

HTMLgivesauth
• Pub\ish on\ione rsthemeans to:.
documents wi th he d' te tab\es,\ist
~~a~i~n~gs~•..:..:x::t2·.. s, ages,etc ..
:. .: :. .. -. :. --im
. .f --___::;_-
• Retrieveon\m t · .
_.ir:.:::..:.~----- - - - - - - -
em orma 1onv1a hynertext \inks , a t th
e dick of a butto
• Design form
s for conductm . t ct ions w
- n.
~- g
searchin ·
- - .------- - c:-- ran~serv - - -it-h-re mote services
------- gtorinf~_\m~t.19_r1
,m~ ~ ! : : ._ -C ns orderm-g-p-
at io : -- -- • f 0r Us
' ' ~~---•·- ·· ducts etc ~ e. i\'
ro
• I ~ e~ p~
·•
·· · - ' - · \
acl--sheets, "!~e~
t~eir documents \! s, s~ ~d dips
. anct ~ Q
.t \ S ~ i \ '\
\ ,- } " -' -.,.
1 ,

---·-
History of H
~~ -
HTML was d~'{el
.

9p ~
--- -- - - ....
...~-
"3~ \ , '
--~-
-- - _ _ _
,· •_' '

_ _ _ _ __
which is a hiqher S'2ML ( S t a n
-\eve\ markup \an d a r d ~ J ~d M
oJ D~~ ':_nce, '-1§.. guage. SGML has arkup~g,uage.) , '·

:l ecciy_se..}i"!"M~ \ong been a f ~

fo~m of W_e~ ag w?~ ~ c~ived to ~~rtme.nt
es), it is m_\_:lch sim r t r~nSfl\iSSi?~-~
few browsers th p\er than SGML. y ~c the l~~~r.n.et
a t support both A\though they a titlthe.
I~ t nS ;t tQn:1~m . S G ML is not exact\ re re\a t~d. the.re.are.
y _9if_ferent-types y idea\ for transm
is m~!'e suite_9._J of computers, use ission across tne.
~ ~ ~sk. Desig rs and browse~•
d~~~g-~e r, crea!_ ned with these c_ s ap p\icati~; ;\-\!ML
e pa 9~ s_!h 9nsi~erat ~?_!'~ ~n-
o ft h e W e b . a t you a~_e! _easonab ~~ nd, HT_ML \etsyou,
\y sure can be re tne.
ad by th e entire
--- population
-- -
HT ML was origi
na\ \y deve\9p~9~~y
~ o sa ic b r o ~ _~ ~]~_rn~r-~
__dev ~\op~cj ~ C e w~i \e a-t ~ERN an
t h e ~ \osive g $~. During th e co d PQP~~ Z_!:d ~ the
rowth of th e W..e urse of th e 199Q
Qf_ way_s. The __e~ b. During this j it $jthas.b\osSOlt\.edwit~
~o~~ J'e, HTML has bee
~ ~-"!:_~ p J l g~ thors n extended i~ b
. - This has ~~~ a~~ v~ s sh
er
!e d joint worl<, on ari~9 th e same co
~pecif \cations fo nventions
HTML+ (1993) r H T M L .
and HTML 3 .0 (1
wa s d e velopecr 995) proposed m
ccnnmon practice
un~ r "·t h ~~ is
of__th~ !.nternet
uch riche.r vers~ns
of H T M L .~
. ~!' ~'~~~..1~~ 4. Th E".9i~~~ing Tgs_k
Force (IE~) t~~
~r.~!ng ~ roup ! ~-~
~~ify ~ommon pro
e e ff o rt s of th ~
~ ~rlclWJ.Q.e...Web C i~
ctice. it'_f~ ~ on sortium s ~
\tec!_ ~~ ~ _ML.3_?
HTML has be.e.n (January 199 ~
deve.\oped w iJ ~
~ ~ y_i~i-~ a t a\
\ manner ..9.f_dev
ices should b ~ ~ P
---------- g\
-~ i

-- ~------ ____,,
--
 ·on on t he Web: P~s with graph - ---ics
- display f compute s ·
. for'°-~~d----·t fisce llular telep hone s, hand held d so. ·-va ry_~g
·
r esolut
,11 / ~ r ep ' . ·-. __ evIces de · ion - - er I cience
od'o 1O
o.~ p _ _ uters with high
- or low ~and width , and so · • ' ~ ce~ for speech for O t ass VIII
- on. .. u putand
iflpcft' - . -- .
· xtends HTML with mechanisms for style h
,a, 4 e :.=-- --- f . ·- ----- -·- ~ ets
~ i~ _5>J:.D 9.h.U o- left and rnixed d' ' scri
ed __!~ep£!:.! _ t·
- .-P~ ~g,j,r._g_m~s. embedding
~ [ntstoforms , offer ing improved acce isibiTity r
0
enti0 •:~0--1 s a revision of HTML 4.0 that corrects_e_ -- or~people
r~~-' t•~n__'._ext, richer t_~bles, and
w,ith disabiliti·es. -- ,1 i
HT. ·-:'":Us - - - - - - - -- -
' revision. rrors andm k
------ ....... . .? es some changes since 1
theprevr
.~ ~ ~~tj _ng ~ TML 4 .01 tags and attrib l!tes with XML
r ..
j11.1s•n re put t ~Jher , a new ma~kup language wa-;7recit"ed • plt~•dong the !"~l~! of_how
7'4- th~T xt uarku n ~anguQge) in t hevecir 2000 ---- --~-
H~ fYJ-. r-- - - ~a e _)(_HI.ML (eXten~1_ble
- L ~ - -·- •. - .

,rrut..
r, •~ 5 (2006- ) is the lates t. stand ard for HTML . This version d 1.
. . . from
e 1ver~~verythmg
.: ...,.,tion...to_ grap'11cs, music
to- movies and can be used to bu'ld ----1.-
an~ -- - - .
.."lirntiOJ
·-- . - -- - --~---'-- comp 1cated "web
a ~ .'l. HTML--- - 5___
Is also cross nlatf orm.
___ __ :_c - -- It rs des- - inned
..::1 - to
•.• work
_ whether -you·· -are using
- ·• .. a
~or~ t, a~ ~r!~one, o!:.a S ~ !],r_!_TV. -- - ---

RECAPITULATION

• WWW is a ~s-~~~ of inte!' l_i!!k_~d_..~ypec.!~Ptt.£iocu~ ~!Sac; essed _yiQ Inter

net.
• HTTP is used for communic.Qtion acros sJ heNe :t
--- - ✓--.__...... ...- --♦--
• Hypertext anci!'_yp~r~ s are usec:f tQ link pages of a webs ite.
• Unifo~I
-·- - ).'- Resource Jden tif ier is a shor
__ ,, .,. t. string that ident
.,,,
ifies resou
...,_
rces on
.. ~~
the web.
•..J!rMLis_oplatfo rm indep ende nt langup_ge. ·
• HTML was devel oped by Tim Bern ers Lee.

EXERCISE
1. What is Web Brow ser? How does a web brow ser work?
2· Write names of two comm only used Web Brow sers.
3· What is HTML ?
4
· Write a short note on the histo ry of HTM L.
5.
7.6.
8.
Li: i
What is Hype rtext ?
Br· fl expla
in haw you can use Inter net for your stud',es.
ld t .e URL of any 5 educational webs ites.
o) ent,fy the diffe rent parts of the following URLs
b) ~ttp'.//www.cbse.nic.in/public.html
........._ ttp.//www.opeejay.edu