Our Lady of

Peñafrancia

Our Lady of Peñafrancia (Spanish: Nuestra Señora de Peñafrancia in the Philippines, and Nuestra
Señora de la Peña de Francia or Virgen de la Peña de Francia) is a miraculous image of the Virgin
Mary venerated in Naga City on the Philippines. The statue is housed at the Basilica of
Peñafrancia where each September is held a novena in honor of the image as the principal
Patroness and Queen of Bicol.
 Our Lady of Peñafrancia

Nuestra Señora de Peñafrancia

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Queen of Bicolandia

 Patroness of Bicol

Venerated in Roman Catholic Church

Major shrine Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Peñafrancia

Metropolitan Cathedral and Parish of St. John the

Old Shrine and Parish of Peñafrancia

Feast Sunday after the Octave of the Nativity of the

Attributes Halo with 12 stars

Crown

Holy Child

Mantum

Patronage Bicol region, Sick, Poor, Afflicted, Clergy

Pope Benedict XV granted the image a decree of canonical coronation on 13 May 1920. The rite
of coronation was executed on 20 September 1924 via apostolic delegate, Guillermo Piani. On 3
December 2015, a mosaic image of the Virgin Mary under this title was officially enshrined at the
Vatican Gardens for the 14th slot at the pontifical mandate of Pope Francis. The ceremony was
attended by former President of the Philippines, Benigno Aquino III who unveiled the image with
honors.

History of Our Lady of Peñafrancia

Devotion to Our Lady of Peñafrancia is Spanish in origin.[1] The statue of Our Lady of
Peñafrancia originates from the one enshrined in the Spanish city of Salamanca.

In Salamanca, Spain

Legend holds that on 4 September 1401, in the city of Paris in France, a son was born to pious
and wealthy parents, Rolan and Barbara. He was christened Simon. When his parents and his
only sister died, Simon inherited the property. To avoid trouble, which he worried might ensue
from the possession of large amounts of wealth, he sold his property and donated the proceeds
to the church and the poor, as well as to charitable institutions. He then he became a lay servant
in the Franciscan convent in Paris.

Simon would frequently visit the church and spend hours in prayer before the altar of the Virgin
Mary. Once, while he was absorbed in spiritual contemplation of the Virgin Mary, he lost
consciousness. He then heard a clear voice that tried to rouse him from slumber: “Simon, wake
up; be on the watch…. From now on your name will be Simon Vela. Go to Peña de Francia west of
this country, and there you will find the shrine of the Blessed Virgin Mary".[2]

The next five years, Simon Vela searched for Peña de Francia. One night, as he was about to give
up, he heard the same voice once more saying: “Simon, do not give up the search; do not give up
what you have begun. Persevere and your labors will be recompensed.” Simon went to the
Church of Santiago de Galicia. And while he was passing the market place of Salamanca, he saw
two men quarreling. One was seriously wounded and fell at Simon's side. The offender was
caught by the crowd who milled around them and he brazenly remarked: “Had I killed my enemy,
I would have escaped to Peña de Francia where no one, not even the king, could find me",
reinforcing Simon's faith in the place's existence.[2]

On his way to the church of San Martin, Simon met a man selling charcoal. When Simon asked
the man where he was from, the man answered that he came from a place called Peña de
Francia. He begged the man to guide him there, which the merchant refused to do. Simon then
reached a villa called San Martin de Castañar on May 14, 1434. He went to church and after the
mass, he asked a man for directions to Peña de Francia. The man took Simon Vela to a place
some distance from the church and pointed to the Sierra de Francia in the far distance.[2]

Simon set out for the place indicated and came to a steep rocky hill. After spending the night in
a cave, he began the search for the shrine. As he grew discouraged, he heard the same voice he
had previously heard resounding through the cave: “Simon, be awake: do not sleep.” At a
distance on a rocky hill, he saw a glaring and dazzling light. There he found the Virgin Mary with
the Christ Child in her arms sittings on a golden throne.

The Lady said, “Dig in this spot and take what you can see and place it on the summit of this
rocky hill. Build on this hill a beautiful dwelling. You are to begin it and others will come to finish
it. This must come to pass as it has been the wish of my child.” Then the Lady suddenly
disappeared. Simon began to dig when he heard the same voice again saying: “Simon, do not
attempt to undertake that big task alone. Undertake it in the presence and with the help of two,
three, or more persons.” Supposedly, this was to avert any doubt or suspicion from people as to
a veracity of the miracle and the credibility of Simon. Simon then went to San Martin del
Castañar, a nearby town from the spot, and asked five men to help him, who thought they were
digging for treasure. After removing a huge stone, they found embedded among the rocks, the
image of the Holy Virgin with the Child in her arms.

In the Philippines

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In the Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Peñafrancia

According to locals in what is now Naga City, a Spanish colonial official from Peña de Francia,
Spain (a native of San Martín de Castañar) settled with his family in Cavite in 1712. One day,
Miguel Robles de Covarrubias, a son of the official and a seminarian studying at the Universidad
de Santo Tomás in Manila, fell seriously ill. He and his family prayed to Our Lady of Peñafrancia.
Miguel vowed that if cured, he would out of gratitude construct a chapel on the banks of the
Pasig River in Manila which is now called Paco.

Miguel was miraculously cured, and ordained a priest not in Manila but in Ciudad de Nueva
Cáceres (now Naga City) by Bishop Andrés González. To fulfill his vow, Miguel (who was the first
diocesan priest ordained in Naga), did two things. First, he mobilized natives along the slopes of
Mount Isarog to build a chapel from the local nipa and bamboo, at a site by the banks of the
Naga River and not the Pasig as he earlier desired. Second, he ordered a local artisan to carve an
image patterned after the picture of Our Lady of Peñafrancia that he always carried with him.
The image was made from a santol tree.

Stories of miracles surrounding the image began circulating immediately. News of many other
miracles spread quickly, as did public devotion to the image. A letter sent by Miguel to the
Dominicans in Salamanca, Spain in 1712 reported numerous miracles through the intercession
of Our Lady. The number of devotees eventually increased beyond the Diocese of Nueva
Cáceres, which comprised the Bicolandia and Marinduque, and in modern times the devotion
has reached other parts of the world along with the Filipino diaspora.[3]

The image is known to devotees by the title Ina, a local term for "Mother".[1] It is enshrined at the
Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Peñafrancia in Naga City.

Canonical coronation of the image

The canonical Coronation of Our Lady of Peñafrancia as "Patroness of Bicolandia" took place on
September 20, 1924, officiated by Guillermo Piani, the apostolic delegate. The image of Our Lady
of Peñafrancia currently enshrined in the church on Calle Balatas is approximately 275 years old,
making it highly sought-after by antique dealers and collectors.

According to the picture of Ina from the devotional book by Miguel Robles de Covarrubias, the
image of Ina is a 17-inch santol wood sculpture. This image of the Queen Mary is the Regional
Patroness of Bicol – “Ina” as referred to by the Bikolanos. The replica of Nuestra Señora de
Peñafrancia is the second Marian image in the entire Asia and in the Philippines to have been
given a Canonical Coronation. This coronation took place at the Church of Naga, currently known
as the Naga Metropolitan Cathedral: Parish of Saint John the Evangelist, on the 20th of
September 1924. It was presided by the Apostolic Delegate Papal Legate Guillermo Piani, own
representative of Pope Benedict XV, and Michael J. O’Doherty, Bishop of Manila. Piani placed the
bejeweled crown on the head of the statue of Ina while devotees chanted, “Viva la Virgen!” It was
on this celebration that the award-winning piece of Maximo Heguera the “Himno a la Nuestra
Señora de Peñafrancia,” popularly known as “Resuene Vibrante,” was sung. The actual manto
used by Ina during the canonical coronation is currently kept and displayed at the Our Lady of
Peñafrancia Museum. Along with the mantle, a description says that, “threadbare and torn this
“manto” was worn by Our Lady for many years until her devotees started donating new ones...
she has more than enough now.” It also states that the manto was ordered from Spain which has
a label on the inside lining which appears to have the words Fabrica de Ornamentos de Yglesia,
Jose Candela Albert, Sto. Tomas 18, Valencia, and a logo. This manto is a significant artifact
that commemorates the historic canonical coronation of Ina on September 20, 1924.

Theft of the image

On August 15, 1981, at around 4:30 in the morning, the caretaker of the Peñafrancia Shrine
discovered that the image of Our Lady of Peñafrancia had disappeared. The police reported that
the culprits sawed the iron grills at the back of the church and took the image. The identity of the
thieves remained a mystery; with the leading theory that they were selling to a black market of
valuable items. The manto and the steel bar which held the image were found on the cemetery
grounds of Peñafrancia Shrine without the image. In May 1982, an antique dealer and also a
Peñafrancia devotee, Francisco Vecin, acquired information suggesting a man in Mabini St. of
Malate, Manila, was selling the image, with it allegedly in the hands of a friend at that time. He
reported to Florencio Yllana that the lost image was located in Cebu. On September 3, 1982, the
image was turned over to Francisco in a sealed box. The image was returned in Naga on
September 8, 1982. Following the theft, officials opted for the production of a replica to be used
in the 1981 Peñafrancia celebrations. Today, the original image is enshrined in the Peñafrancia
Museum, which forms part of the basilica complex along Calle Balatas in Naga, which was built
to accommodate the rising numbers of devotees from the Bicol region, as well as nationwide
starting in the late 1970s.

The Tercentenary Celebration

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The image of Our Lady of Peñafrancia at the Quadricentennial Arch in Naga Metropolitan Cathedral during the
Tercentenary Celebration of the devotion.

In 2010, the devotion marked its 300th year.

The Archdiocese of Caceres outlined a three-year preparation for the tercentenary with each year
centered on a particular theme and objective.

Year 1 (September 2007 to September 2008 ) the theme was “Remembering the Gift of the
Devotion to Ina”, was dedicated to revisiting the history of the devotion in view of a deeper
understanding of the same devotion.

Year 2 (September 2008 to September 2009) theme was “Renewing the Faith through Ina”,
was dedicated to appreciating the devotees’ giftedness towards a more vibrant and relevant
faith life.

Year 3 (September 2009 to September 2010) theme was “Sharing the Future in Hope”, was
dedicated to envisioning the future with the intent of sharing the fruits of the devotion to the
next generations.

In Year 4 (September 2010), the church in Bicol celebrated in thanksgiving the grace of 300
Years of Devotion. The overall theme of the celebration is “A Gift received, a Gift to share”
(Balaog inako, Balaog itao).

The Peñafrancia festival

The Peñafrancia Festival, which has been described as the biggest Marian event in Asia, is a
celebration of two feasts—Divino Rostro (Divine Face of Jesus) on the second Friday of
September, and the Our Lady of Peñafrancia the next weekend.[4]

Considered the biggest and most popular religious event in the Philippines, the September
festivities of the Lady and Mother of Bicol form an opening salvo to the long celebrations of
Christmas in the Philippines, which begin on the month the celebrations are held in Bicol and in
many other parts of the country. Tens of thousands of pilgrims, devotees, and tourists come to
Naga City, Philippines every September for a nine-day festivities in honor of Our Lady of
Peñafrancia, the Patroness of Bicol.

Feast day
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Our Lady of Peñafrancia replica at the Catholic Church-owned San Juan de Dios Hospital.

The feast of Our Lady of Peñafrancia is celebrated on the third Saturday of September. Filipinos
at home or abroad gather in to meet relatives and friends, to share food, drinks, and prayers with
them, and to pay homage and make thanksgiving to the Virgin of Peñafrancia.[3]

The feast day is preceded by a novena, or nine days of prayer, in honor of the Virgin. On the first
day, the image of the Virgin, a copy of the Madonna in Peñafrancia, Spain, is brought from its
shrine to the Metropolitan Cathedral and Parish of Saint John the Evangelist where the novena is
held. On the last day, the image is returned to her shrine following the Naga River route. The
evening procession is lit by thousands of candles from followers in boats escorting the image.
When the flatboat reaches its destination, the devotees shout "Viva la Virgen" (Long live the
Virgin!) and the image is carried back in a procession to the cathedral. Amongst shouts of "Viva
la Virgen," Bicolanos and pilgrims holding lit candles in their hands will kneel on the ground and
bow their heads in prayer as the fluvial procession carrying the Virgin traverses the Bicol River in
downtown Naga.

A multicolored pagoda carrying the images and icons of the Virgin of Peñafrancia and the Divino
Rostro will pass along the Bicol River. The fluvial procession marks the return of the Virgin from
the Naga Metropolitan Cathedral to her home shrine at the Basilica. Upon its arrival, the Virgin
will be received in formal religious rites by Roman Catholic dignitaries of the Bicol Region led by
the Archbishop of Nueva Caceres, which is its home diocese.

Novena to the Divino Rostro

The celebration begins with the Feast of the Nativity of Mary on September 8, which is marked
by Masses in the old shrine or the Metropolitan Cathedral.
The feast of the Divino Rostro, which falls on the second Friday of September, is the first high
point of the celebration. This is followed by a Novena honoring the Divino Rostro, a local icon of
Holy Face commencing on the second Friday of September. Devotion to the Holy Face in Naga
City began in 1882 with a cholera epidemic in Naga. According to legend, the epidemic subsided
after the image of the Holy Face was placed at the altar of the cathedral.[1]

The icon of the Holy Face is brought in procession from Our Lady of Peñafrancia Basilica to the
old Peñafrancia Shrine, where it stays for nine days, with a usual focus on the sick. Generally, the
first devotees begin their celebrations during this period. The "Hymn to the Divino Rostro" is sung
at the end of services.

Traslación

The second Friday of September marks the feast day of the Divino Rostro, following the novena
at the shrine. During the Traslacion procession the images of the Lady of Peñafrancia and the
Divino Rostro (Holy Face) are brought by barefooted male voyadores from the Basilica through
the main streets of the city to the cathedral. This procession, which usually lasts 4 hours,
welcomes thousands of devotees from all over Bicol and other parts of the country. The
devotion started in 1710, when Fr. Miguel Robles de Covarrubias had an image carved, a chapel
built and processions held in honor of the miraculous image of the Virgin of Peñafrancia to
honor the many favors he is said to have received through the help of the Virgin, especially
pertaining to his health.

The image of the Our Lady of Peñafrancia is transferred at dawn from Peñafrancia basilica to
her old home for the Traslación in the afternoon. After the procession, a community and
thanksgiving Mass celebrates the feast of the Divino Rostro. Bishops and delegates from other
dioceses in the country then attend a Pontifical Mass, concelebrated by the Archbishop of
Caceres outside the shrine.

The Traslación begins after the noon mass with the procession of students, delegates from
other regions, teachers, government officials, and other professions while the images are being
prepared. At around three o'clock in the Afternoon, the Divino Rostro icon leaves the shrine and
heads to Naga Cathedral. After a recital of the Rosary, the image of Our Lady of Peñafrancia
follows, more slowly than the Divino Rostro. After two or three hours, the Divino Rostro icon
arrives at Cathedral, and after an hour, the image of Our Lady enters via the Porta Mariae (Gate
of Mary). A Solemn Pontifical Mass (first day Novenary Mass) is celebrated after the procession
at the Quadricentenniall Arch at the cathedral grounds, in conclusion of the Mass, the two
images are transferred inside of the cathedral to begin the novena (nine-day) period for Our
Lady.

Novena to the Our Lady of Peñafrancia

On the beginning of Traslación, the novena to the Our Lady starts at the cathedral. This
celebration in itself is said to have healed attendants. The novena centers around Mary's
intercession to Jesus. During some of the days of the novena, dawn and evening processions
are mounted within the vicinity of Naga wherein the images of both Our Lady and the Divino
Rostro are brought out to the streets of the city. Believers vie for the honor of sponsoring novena
masses and prayers at the Naga Cathedral during the novena.

Parades and celebrations

Different parades are held during the nine-day novena to the Our Lady. These events are open to
the public, with coverage on radio and television as well as on online streaming. The Saturday
following the Translacion, the citywide Marian Youth Congress is held, gathering young people
from the city and region to share and strengthen their faith.

During the Sunday after the Traslacion, the majorettes, CAT, and Drum and Lyre Corps, plus
marching bands, exhibit their dancing, music playing, and silent drill at the Robredo Coliseum,
with the best in each category being announced at the end of the day's events. On the Tuesday
before the Fluvial Procession, the Regional Cheer-dance Competition is held at the Robredo
Coliseum, with almost all of the schools and universities in Bicol participating in the event.

On Wednesday, school contingents of the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts of the Philippines, from
elementary, high schools and senior high schools from all over the Bicol Region together with
their school Drum and Lyre corps, drum majors and majorettes parade in the daylong, Regional
BSP/GSP and Drum and Lyre Corps parade and competition at the Plaza Quezon. Awards are
given to the best contingents and DLCs which have distinguished themselves.

On Thursday, the Civic Parade of the Government workers, and different associations and
organizations in Bicol, along with the Float Parade that is joined by hundreds of floats honoring
Ina, is held in the morning. In recent years, this has been followed in the afternoon by a street
dance competition between schools in the city and the region at Plaza Quezon.
On Friday, the popular and century-old military parade, performed by all high schools, senior high
schools, colleges and universities of the Bicol region, as well as service personnel of the
Philippine National Police, the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the Philippine Coast Guard and
the Bureau of Fire Protection, parade in the major streets of Naga City. It is considered to be the
longest military parade outside Manila due to its daylong, sometimes going past sundown,
parade, and is one of the largest to be held in Southeast Asia, with an estimated 70,000
marches, mostly youth and university cadets together with athletes. Dubbed the Bicol Region
Military Parade, it is considered one of the highlights of the celebrations, with the Mayor of Naga
acting as the reviewing officer. Awards and decorations are handed out to the best contingents
at the end of the parade.

Fluvial Procession

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Fluvial Procession during Penafrancia Festival on the eve of the feast of Our Lady of Penafrancia.

A fluvial procession at the end of the novena caps the feast. Following a farewell service at the
Naga Metropolitan Cathedral, the images are both carried through the streets and then in a
pagoda (the Filipino term for a decorated shrine-barge, usually with more than one tier, used in
fluvial processions) on its return journey to the minor basilica, where a Pontifical Mass is held.
Along the route, people shout "¡Viva La Virgen!" and people wave handkerchiefs and towels.

The images of both Our Lady and the Divino Rostro are escorted by a battalion of devotees,
most of them aboard colorful paddle boats pulling the pagoda, and those who are privileged
men joining the icons on the pagoda together with the bishops of Bicol and officials. Tradition
holds that a woman riding on the pagoda during the September fluvial procession will spell
disaster for everyone involved.
Festival Sunday

Festival masses held on the Sunday after the Octave of the Nativity of Mary at the Peñafrancia
Minor Basilica mark the official termination of the festivities. Masses are held all day long in all
the Catholic parishes and diocese cathedrals of the Bicol Region. In addition, masses are held in
many parts of the country in her honor, organized by local devotees' associations.

Changes in the Peñafrancia Fiesta celebration due to the COVID-19

With the ongoing threat of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, the Archdiocese of
Caceres and the Naga City Government diminished thee scope of the 2020 festivities to comply
with the minimum health standards implemented in the country.[5]

As such, the following changes were observed for the celebrations:

Instead of the traditional novena to the Divino Rostro (the Holy Face of Jesus) from Sept. 2-10
and the novena to Our Lady of Peñafrancia from Sept. 11–19, at the Peñafrancia Shrine,
Metropolitan Naga Cathedral, and the Basilica Minore, the practice of the devotion is
encouraged in the homes of the faithful.

The annual Traslación and Flvuial Processions were canceled.

The fiesta mass on 20 September 2020 was streamed live from the Peñafrancia Basilica.

The other dioceses of Bicol were encouraged to hold noven masses on the same date as
Naga, to deter people from coming to the city.

All civic and commercial activities that coincide with the feast, such as the Voyadores Festival,
civic and military parades, trade fairs, exhibits, concerts, and other mass events were
cancelled.

The same changes were adopted for the 2021 Peñafrancia Festivities from 01 to 19 September
2021.

Patronage

The Virgin of Peñafrancia is patroness of the Bicol Region.

Elsewhere
The veneration of Our Lady of Peñafrancia is one of the oldest and largest Filipino Marian
celebrations in San Diego, with almost 50 years of active celebration[6]

Hymn

The "Himno a la Nuestra Señora de Peñafrancia" or "Resuene Vibrante" as Bicolanos call it, is the
official hymn of the devotees to the Lady of Bicolandia composed by Fr. Maximo Huguera, CM in
the year 1924. It won the first prize during the hymn-writing competition for the Lady's canonical
coronation. This was translated to Central Bikol by Fr. Jesus Esplana and Fr. Sohl Saez, but was
eventually replaced by the original Spanish text after the Tercentenary celebration in 2010.

Spanish text

Coro:
Resuene vibrante el himno de amor

Que entona tu pueblo con grata y emoción

Resuene vibrante el himno de amor

Que entona tu pueblo con grata emoción

Patrona del Bícol, Gran Madre de Dios

Sé siempre la Reina de Nuestra Región

Patrona del Bícol, Gran Madre de Dios

Sé siempre la Reina de Nuestra Región.

Estrofa I:

Los ríos murmuran tu nombre al correr

Los montes proclaman tu gloria y poder

El pueblo creyente con gozo te ve

Te canta amoroso y besa tu pie

El pueblo creyente con gozo te ve

Te canta amoroso y besa tu pie.

(Repeat Coro)

Estrofa II:

Patrona del Bicol altar del amor

Reliquia bendita que el cielo nos dio

Escucha benigna del pueblo el clamor

Que acude a tu Templo con fé y devoción

Patrona del Bicol altar del amor

Reliquia bendita que el cielo nos dio

Escucha benigna del pueblo el clamor

Que acude a tu Templo con fé y devoción.

(Repeat Coro)

Estrofa III:

Los pobres y tristes te buscan con fé

Te miran llorando les miras también

Al punto sus lágrimas se truscan en bien

Y a casa gozosos les vemos volver

Los pobres y tristes te buscan con fé

Te miran llorando les miras también

Al punto sus lágrimas se truscan en bien

Y a casa gozosos les vemos volver

(Repeat Coro)

Bicol text

Maski an kasalogan, Sambit an si'mong ngaran

Maski an kabukiran, Ika an rokyaw.

Kami si'mong aki, Pano' nin kaogmahan

Si'mong nangangako, Ika kamo'tan.

Kami si'mong aki, Pano' nin kaogmahan

Si'mong nangangako, Ika kamo'tan.

Chorus:

Awiton an awit nin pagkamoot

Sa saimo samuyang idinodolot

Awiton an awit nin pagkamoot

Sa saimo samuyang idonodolot.

Patrona nin Bikol, Ina ka nin Dios

Magdanay na Reina nin samuyang region,

Patrona nin Bikol, Ina ka nin Dios

Magdanay na Reina nin samuyang region.

II

Patrona nin Bikol, Inang mamomo'ton

Pamanang banal, Balaog nin Dios.

Pakihimatea mga inagrangay, Kan si'mong banwaan

na napaalaw.

Patrona nin Bikol, Inang mamomo'ton

Pamanang banal, Balaog nin Dios.

Pakihimatea mga inagrangay, Kan si'mong banwaan

na napaalaw.

(Repeat Chorus)

See also

Penha de França

Penha de França, Goa

References
 1. Valderama Fortunado, Arnulfo et al., "Peñafrancia Festival & Divino Rostro feature novenas and fluvial
procession", Catholics & Cultures (https://https-www-catholicsandcultures-org.0.discoverapp.com/feasts
-holy-days/penafrancia-divino-rostro-philippines?iorg_domain_internal=en.m.wikipedia.org%3BAfpni-aGQ
GvUf5zw)

2. "History of Our Lady of Peñafrancia", Naga City (https://https-naga-gov-ph.0.discoverapp.com/uncategori

3. "Feast of Our Lady of Peñafrancia", Holy Trinity Catholic Church, Beaverton, Oregon (https://https-h--t-org.
0.discoverapp.com/feast-of-our-lady-of-penafrancia?iorg_domain_internal=en.m.wikipedia.org%3BAfpni-
aGQGvUf5zw)

4. Yee, Jovic. "Church, Naga City cancel Peñafrancia Festival", Philippine Daily Inquirer, Jine 29, 2020 (http
s://https-newsinfo-inquirer-net.0.discoverapp.com/1298825/church-naga-city-cancel-penafrancia-festiva
l?iorg_domain_internal=en.m.wikipedia.org%3BAfpni-aGQGvUf5zw)

5. Acuña, Melo. "Covid-19 tones down traditional Peñafrancia festivities", CBCP News, June 27, 2020 (http
s://https-cbcpnews-net.0.discoverapp.com/cbcpnews/covid-19-tones-down-traditional-penafrancia-festiv
ities/?iorg_domain_internal=en.m.wikipedia.org%3BAfpni-aGQGvUf5zw)

6. "Feast Day Mass for Our Lady of Peñafrancia", The Roman Cathokic Diocese of San Diego (https://https-
www-sdcatholic-org.0.discoverapp.com/event/feast-day-mass-for-our-lady-of-penafrancia/?iorg_domain_
internal=en.m.wikipedia.org%3BAfpni-aGQGvUf5zw)

Sources

Rubio, T. N., Zantua, B., & Real, M. (2010, September/October). The Blue and Gold Special
Commemorative Issue: 300 YEARS OF DEVOTION TO THE VIRGIN OF PEÑAFRANCIA [PDF].
Ateneo De Naga Junior High School. Retrieved from:
http://jhs.adnu.edu.ph/jhs/gainpower/BG_300years_of_ina_commemorative_issue.pdf

External links

Our Lady of Peñafrancia Basilica website (https://http-penafrancia-org-ph.0.discoverapp.co

Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Peña de Francia – Spain (https://http-www-dominicos-org.

Last edited 1 month ago by Neils51