CHAPTER 9: Solution of Triangles

Penyelesaian Segi Tiga

PBD 9.1 Sine Rule Textbook: pp. 242 – 251

Petua Sinus
A. Given two angles and one side of a triangle ABC, find the unknown angle and two unknown sides.

Digital Resourse
Diberi dua sudut dan satu sisi bagi segi tiga ABC, cari sudut dan dua sisi yang tidak diketahui. LS9.1.2 PL2

C
NOTES
Sine rule
Petua sinus
b a
a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C
52° 39°
A B or/atau
11.7 cm
sin A sin B sin C
∠C = 180° – 52° – 39° b = 11.7 a
=
b
=
c
= 89° sin 39° sin 89°
• Sine rule is used to solve a triangle when
a = 11.7 Sine rule
Petua sinus
b = 11.7 sin 39° Petua sinus digunakan untuk menyelesaikan segi tiga
sin 52° sin 89° sin 89° apabila
11.7 sin 52° = 7.364 cm (a) two angles and one side are known.
a= dua sudut dan satu sisi diketahui.
sin 89° (b) two sides and a non-included angle are known.
= 9.221 cm dua sisi dan satu sudut bukan kandung diketahui.

1. ∠C = 180° – 72° – 49° c 8.7

C =
= 59° sin 59° sin 72°
b 8.7 8.7 sin 59°
= c=
sin 49° sin 72° sin 72°
b 8.7 cm
8.7 sin 49° = 7.841 cm
b=
sin 72°
72° 49°
A B = 6.904 cm
c

C ∠C = 180° – 127° – 28°

2. b
=
5.9
= 25° sin 28° sin 25°
a 5.9 5.9 sin 28°
a = b=
b sin 127° sin 25° sin 25°
5.9 sin 127° = 6.554 cm
127° a=
28° sin 25°
B 5.9 cm A = 11.15 cm

A ∠A = 180° – 29° – 38°

3. b
=
4.6
b 4.6 cm = 113° sin 38° sin 29°
a 4.6 4.6 sin 38°
= b=
29° 38° sin 113° sin 29° sin 29°
C a B
4.6 sin 113° = 5.842 cm
a=
sin 29°
= 8.734 cm

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 B. Given two sides and a non-included angle of a triangle ABC. Find the unknown side and two unknown
angles.
Diberi dua sisi dan satu sudut bukan kandung bagi segi tiga ABC. Cari sisi dan dua sudut yang tidak diketahui. LS9.1.2 PL2

C
6.3 = 7.4 ∠C = 180° – 44° – 36° 15
sin ∠B sin 44° = 99° 45
6.3 sin 44° c = 7.4
6.3 cm 7.4 cm sin ∠B =
7.4 sin 99° 45 sin 44°
44° ∠B = 36° 15 c=
7.4 sin 99° 45
A c B sin 44°
= 10.50 cm

1. C 7.5
=
12.4 ∠C = 180° – 57° – 30° 29
sin ∠B sin 57° = 92° 31
7.5 sin 57°
7.5 cm 12.4 cm sin ∠B = c 12.4
12.4 =
∠B = 30° 29 sin 92° 31 sin 57°
57°
12.4 sin 92° 31
A c B c=
sin 57°
= 14.77 cm

2. C 4.1 6.5 ∠A = 180° – 49° – 28° 26

=
sin ∠B sin 49° = 102° 34
49° 4.1 sin 49°
4.1 cm sin ∠B = a 6.5
6.5 =
a sin 102° 34 sin 49°
A
∠B = 28° 26 6.5 sin 102° 34
a=
sin 49°
6.5 cm
= 8.406 cm
B

3. c 7.3
=
11.6 ∠C = 180° – 37° – 22° 15
A B
37° sin ∠B sin 37° = 120° 45
7.3 sin 37°
7.3 cm 11.6 cm
sin ∠B = c 11.6
11.6 =
sin 120° 45 sin 37°
C ∠B = 22° 15
11.6 sin 120° 45
c=
sin 37°
= 16.57 cm

C. Find the height, t, of each given triangle ABC. Hence, determine the number of triangles that can
be formed.
Cari tinggi, t, bagi setiap segi tiga ABC diberi. Seterusnya, tentukan bilangan segi tiga yang dapat dibentukkan. LS9.1.3 PL3

(a) ∠A = 40°, c = 5.2 cm, a = 3.1 cm (b) ∠A = 30°, c = 8 cm, a = 4 cm

Height/Tinggi, Height/Tinggi,
t = c  sin ∠A t = 8  sin 30°
= 5.2  sin 40° = 4 cm
= 3.342 cm a=t
B
at B
3.1 cm Thus, one triangle formed.
Thus, no triangle 5.2 cm Maka, sebuah segi tiga
t 8 cm
formed. terbentuk. 4 cm
Maka, tiada segi tiga 40°
terbentuk. A 30°
A C

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 (c) ∠A = 50°, c = 6.2 cm, a = 7.5 cm (d) ∠A = 50°, c = 6.2 cm, a = 5.6 cm
Height/Tinggi, Height/Tinggi,
t = 6.2  sin 50° t = 6.2  sin 50° B
= 4.749 cm = 4.749 cm
B
ac tac
Thus, one triangle 6.2 cm 5.6 cm
Thus, two triangles t
formed. 6.2 cm 7.5 cm
t formed.
Maka, sebuah 50°
Maka, dua buah A
segi tiga terbentuk. 50° C2 C1
A C segi tiga terbentuk.

1. ∠A = 42°, c = 10 cm, a = 5 cm 2. ∠A = 60°, c = 7 3 cm, a = 10.5 cm

Height/Tinggi, Height/Tinggi,
t = 10  sin 42° t = 7 3  sin 60°
= 6.691 cm = 10.5 cm
a  t, thus no triangle formed. a = t, thus one triangle formed.
a  t, maka tiada segi tiga terbentuk. a = t, maka sebuah segi tiga terbentuk.

3. ∠A = 38°, c = 6.9 cm, a = 8.7 cm 4. ∠A = 54°, c = 7.9 cm, a = 6.8 cm

Height/Tinggi, Height/Tinggi,
t = 6.9  sin 38° t = 7.9  sin 54°
= 4.248 cm = 6.391 cm
a  c, thus one triangle formed. t  a  c, thus two triangles formed.
a  c, maka sebuah segi tiga terbentuk. t  a  c, maka dua buah segi tiga terbentuk.

D. Given ∠A, a and c of a triangle ABC. Sketch two possible triangles that can be formed. Hence, find the
unknown angles and sides.
Diberi ∠A, a dan c bagi sebuah segi tiga ABC. Lakar dua buah segi tiga yang mungkin terbentuk. Seterusnya, cari sudut
dan sisi yang tidak diketahui. LS9.1.4 PL4

∠A = 47°, a = 7.6 cm, c = 9.2 cm

B Case I/Kes I: ∠AC1B = 62° 17
∠ABC1 = 180° – 47° – 62° 17
= 70° 43
9.2 cm 7.6 cm
AC1 7.6
=
sin 70° 43 sin 47°
47°
A 7.6 sin 70° 43
C2 C1 AC1 =
sin 47°
The two possible positions of vertices C are labelled
= 9.809 cm
as C1 and C2. Thus, there are two possible triangles,
that is ΔABC1 and ΔABC2.
Dua kedudukan yang mungkin bagi bucu C dilabel sebagai
Case II/Kes II: ∠AC2B = 117° 43
C1 dan C2. Maka, terdapat dua buah segi tiga yang ∠ABC2 = 180° – 47° – 117° 43
mungkin, iaitu ΔABC1 dan ΔABC2. = 15° 17
BC1 = BC2 = 7.6 cm AC2 7.6
7.6 9.2 =
= sin 15° 17 sin 47°
sin 47° sin ∠C
9.2 sin 47° 7.6 sin 15° 17
sin ∠C = AC2 =
7.6 sin 47°
∠C = 62° 17 or/atau 117° 43 = 2.739 cm

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 1. ∠A = 52°, a = 6.1 cm, c = 7.3 cm Case I/Kes I: ∠AC1B = 70° 34
∠ABC1 = 180° – 52° – 70° 34
= 57° 26
AC1 6.1
=
sin 57° 26 sin 52°
AC1 = 6.1 sin 52° 26
sin 52°
= 6.136 cm
Case II/Kes II: ∠AC2B = 109° 26
∠ABC2 = 180° – 52° – 109° 26
7.3 6.1 = 18° 34
=
sin ∠C sin 52°
7.3 sin 52° AC2 6.1
sin ∠C = =
6.1 sin 18° 34 sin 52°
∠C = 70° 34 or/atau 109° 26 6.1 sin 18° 34
AC2 =
sin 52°
= 2.465 cm

2. ∠A = 36°, a = 5.2 cm, c = 7.8 cm Case I/Kes I: ∠AC1B = 61° 51

∠ABC1 = 180° – 36° – 61° 51
= 82° 9
AC1 5.2
=
sin 82° 9 sin 36°
5.2 sin 82° 9
AC1 =
sin 36°
= 8.764 cm
Case II/Kes II: ∠AC2B = 118° 9
7.8 5.2 ∠ABC2 = 180° – 36° – 118° 9
=
sin ∠C sin 36° = 25° 51
7.8 sin 36° AC2 5.2
sin ∠C = =
5.2 sin 25° 51 sin 36°
∠C = 61° 51 or/atau 118° 9 5.2 sin 25° 51
AC2 =
sin 36°
= 3.857 cm

3. ∠A = 29°, a = 3.4 cm, c = 5.5 cm Case I/Kes I: ∠AC1B = 51° 39

∠ABC1 = 180° – 29° – 51° 39
= 99° 21
AC1 3.4
=
sin 99° 21 sin 29°
3.4 sin 99° 21
AC1 =
sin 29°
= 6.920 cm
Case II/Kes II: ∠AC2B = 128° 21
5.5 3.4 ∠ABC2 = 180° – 29° – 128° 21
=
sin ∠C sin 29° = 22° 39
5.5 sin 29°
sin ∠C =
3.4 AC2 3.4
=
∠C = 51° 39 or/atau 128° 21 sin 22° 39 sin 29°
3.4 sin 22° 39
AC2 =
sin 29°
= 2.701 cm

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 E. By using the sine rule, find the values of θ and x in each of the following diagrams.
Dengan menggunakan petua sinus, cari nilai θ dan nilai x dalam setiap rajah berikut. LS9.1.5 PL4

A In/Dalam ΔABC, ∠BAD = 180° – 40° – 53° 44

BC = 7.4 = 86° 16
72°
5.9 cm 7.4 cm sin 72° sin 68° BD = 5.9
7.4 sin 72° sin 86° 16 sin 40°
BC =
sin 68° 5.9 sin 86° 16
θ 68°
BD =
D x cm C B = 7.591 cm sin 40°
= 9.159 cm
In/Dalam ΔABD,
Thus/Maka,
7.4 = 5.9
x = 9.159 – 7.591
sin θ sin 40°
7.4 sin 40° = 1.568
sin θ =
5.9
θ = 53° 44

1. D C In/Dalam ΔABC, Thus/Maka,

θ θ = 180° – 27° – 44° 4
7.4
cos ∠BAC = = 108° 56
x cm 10.3
7.4 cm
∠BAC = 44° 4 In/Dalam ΔACD,
27°
Since AB//DC, x 7.4
A B =
10.3 cm Oleh sebab AB//DC, sin 44° 4 sin 108° 56
∠ACD = 44° 4 x = 7.4 sin 44° 4
sin 108° 56
= 5.441

2. E In/Dalam ΔABE, In/Dalam ΔBCD,

63°
5.8 7.6 ∠BCD = 180° – 39° – 42° 51
C =
5.8 cm
sin ∠ABE sin 63° = 98° 9
θ 5.8 sin 63°
B x cm sin ∠ABE = x 9.2
7.6 cm
7.6 =
A ∠ABE = 42° 51 sin 42° 51 sin 98° 9
9.2 cm 39° 9.2 sin 42° 51
x=
D Thus/Maka, θ = 42° 51 sin 98° 9
= 6.321

3. R In/Dalam ΔQRS, ∠QSP = 180° – 124° 31 – 41°

6.5 = 14° 29
57°
5.9
=
sin ∠QSR sin 57° In/Dalam ΔQSP,
6.5 sin 57°
6.5 cm S sin ∠QSR = x 5.9
5.9 =
5.9 cm ∠QSR = 67° 31 sin 14° 29 sin 41°
5.9 sin 14° 29
x=
Thus/Maka, sin 41°
Q θ
θ = 57° + 67° 31 = 2.249
x cm 41° = 124° 31
P

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 PBD 9.2 Cosine Rule Textbook: pp. 251 – 256
Petua Kosinus
A. Given two sides and an included angle of a triangle ABC. Find the unknown side and two unknown
angles.
Diberi dua sisi dan satu sudut kandung bagi segi tiga ABC. Cari satu sisi dan dua sudut yang tidak diketahui. LS9.2.2 PL2

C NOTES
Cosine rule
9.2 cm a Petua kosinus

a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
41° a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc kos A
A B
11.4 cm b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B
b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac kos B
a2 = 9.22 + 11.42 – 2(9.2)(11.4) cos 41° c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
a = 9.22 + 11.42 – 2(9.2)(11.4) cos 41° c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab kos C
= 7.503 cm • Cosine rule is used to solve a triangle when
9.2 = 7.503 ∠C = 180° – 41° – 53° 33 Petua kosinus digunakan untuk menyelesaikan segi tiga
apabila
sin ∠B sin 41° = 85° 27 (a) two sides and an included angle are known.
9.2 sin 41° dua sisi dan satu sudut kandung diketahui.
sin ∠B = (b) three sides are known.
7.503
tiga sisi diketahui.
∠B = 53° 33

1. C a2 = 5.52 + 6.92 – 2(5.5)(6.9) cos 62°

a = 6.498 cm
5.5 6.498
5.5 cm
=
a sin ∠B sin 62°
5.5 sin 62°
sin ∠B =
6.498
62°
A B ∠B = 48° 22
6.9 cm
∠C = 180° – 62° – 48° 22
= 69° 38

2. C b2 = 4.72 + 8.12 – 2(4.7)(8.1) cos 125°

b = 11.46 cm
4.7 11.46
=
b sin ∠C sin 125°
8.1 cm 4.7 sin 125°
sin ∠C =
11.46
125°
∠C = 19° 38
A
4.7 cm B
∠A = 180° – 125° – 19° 38
= 35° 22

3. C c2 = 10.62 + 7.22 – 2(10.6)(7.2) cos 31°

c = 5.776 cm
31° 7.2 5.776
=
10.6 cm sin ∠B sin 31°
7.2 cm 7.2 sin 31°
sin ∠B =
5.776
∠B = 39° 57
A c B
∠A = 180° – 31° – 39° 57
= 109° 3

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 B. Given three sides of a triangle ABC, find the angles of the triangle ABC.
Diberi tiga sisi bagi segi tiga ABC, cari sudut-sudut segi tiga ABC. LS9.2.2 PL2

NOTES
A
Rearrange the cosine rule:
3.9 = 7.4 Susun semula petua kosinus:
6.2 cm
3.9 cm sin ∠B sin 91° 19
b2 + c2 – a2
3.9 sin 91° 19 cos A =
sin ∠B = 2bc
B 7.4 cm C 7.4 a2 + c2 – b2
cos B =
∠B = 31° 48 2ac
2 2 2
cos ∠A = 3.9 + 6.2 – 7.4 cos C =
a2 + b2 – c2
2(3.9)(6.2) ∠C = 180° – 91° 19 – 31° 48 2ab
∠A = 91° 19 = 56° 53

1. C 2. A
10.7 cm
B

4.9 cm 5.5 cm
6.5 cm 9.4 cm

A B
6.7 cm C

4.92 + 6.72 – 5.52 9.42 + 6.52 – 10.72

cos ∠A = cos ∠C =
2(4.9)(6.7) 2(9.4)(6.5)
∠A = 53° 56 ∠C = 82° 25
4.9 5.5 6.5 10.7
= =
sin ∠B sin 53° 56 sin ∠B sin 82° 25
sin ∠B = 4.9 sin 53° 56 sin ∠B = 6.5 sin 82° 25
5.5 10.7
∠B = 46° 4 ∠B = 37° 1
∠C = 180° – 53° 56 – 46° 4 ∠A = 180° – 82° 25 – 37° 1
= 80° = 60° 34

3. A 4. A

7.3 cm 5.9 cm

7.3 cm 5.8 cm B C
10.8 cm

B C
4.2 cm

4.22 + 5.82 – 7.32 5.92 + 7.32 – 10.82

cos ∠C = cos ∠A =
2(4.2)(5.8) 2(5.9)(7.3)
∠C = 92° 22 ∠A = 109° 21
5.8 7.3 7.3 10.8
= =
sin ∠B sin 92° 22 sin ∠C sin 109° 21
sin ∠B = 5.8 sin 92° 22 sin ∠C = 7.3 sin 109° 21
7.3 10.8
∠B = 52° 33 ∠C = 39° 37
∠A = 180° – 92° 22 – 52° 33 ∠B = 180° – 109° 21 – 39° 37
= 35° 5 = 31° 2

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 C. By using the cosine rule, find the values of x and θ in each of the following diagrams.
Dengan menggunakan petua kosinus, cari nilai x dan nilai θ dalam setiap rajah berikut. LS9.2.3 PL4

D In/Dalam ΔABC,
10.6 cm
θ x2 = 8.02 + 6.52 – 2(8.0)(6.5) cos 122°
C x = 12.70
9.4 cm
x cm In/Dalam ΔACD,
6.5 cm
122° 9.42 + 10.62 – 12.72
A B
cos θ =
8.0 cm 2(9.4)(10.6)
θ = 78° 35

1. B In/Dalam ΔABC,
x2 = 8.42 + 7.62 – 2(8.4)(7.6) cos 43°
43°
7.6 cm x = 5.911

In/Dalam ΔACD,
C
8.4 cm
4.02 + 5.9112 – 5.92
cos θ =
θ x cm 2(4.0)(5.911)
4.0 cm
θ = 70° 3

D 5.9 cm A

2. Q In/Dalam ΔPQR,
9.5 cm
R 38°
4.6 cm x2 = 9.52 + 7.32 – 2(9.5)(7.3) cos 38°
θ S
x = 5.852
3.5 cm 7.3 cm
x cm
In/Dalam ΔPSR,
4.62 + 5.8522 – 3.52
P cos θ =
2(4.6)(5.852)
θ = 36° 43

3. D In/Dalam ΔABD,
x2 = 7.62 + 3.12 – 2(7.6)(3.1) cos 44°
x = 5.786
7.6 cm
x cm
In/Dalam ΔACD,
44° θ DC2 = 7.62 + 92 – 2(7.6)(9) cos 44°
A 3.1 cm B 5.9 cm C DC = 6.353 cm

In/Dalam ΔBCD,
5.92 + 5.7862 – 6.3532
cos θ =
2(5.9)(5.786)
θ = 65° 51

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 D. Solve the following problems.
Selesaikan masalah berikut. LS9.2.3 PL5

D The diagram shows a triangle ACD. ABC is a straight line.

Find
Rajah di sebelah menunjukkan segi tiga ACD. ABC ialah garis lurus.
Cari
11.4 cm
7.5 cm
6.9 cm (a) ∠DAB.
(b) the value of θ.
θ nilai θ.
A B C (c) the length of AB.
12.6 cm panjang AB.

(a) In/Dalam ΔACD, (b) In/Dalam ΔABD, (c) ∠ADB = 180° – 63° 15 – 76° 5
7.5 6.9 = 40° 40
cos ∠DAB =
sin ∠ABD sin 63° 15
2 2 2 In/Dalam ΔABD,
= 7.5 + 12.6 – 11.4 7.5 sin 63° 15
2(7.5)(12.6) sin ∠ABD = AB 6.9
6.9 =
sin 40° 40 sin 63° 15
∠DAB = 63° 15 ∠ABD = 76° 5
6.9 sin 40° 40
AB =
Thus/Maka, sin 63° 15
θ = 180° – 76° 5 = 5.035 cm
= 103° 55

1. The diagram shows a trapezium ABCD. Find

A 6 cm B Rajah di sebelah menunjukkan trapezium ABCD. Cari
(a) the value of θ.
nilai θ.
5 cm
(b) the length of BD.
θ panjang BD.
32°
D C
12 cm (c) the length of BC.
panjang BC.
(a) ∠ABD = ∠CDB = 32° (b) ∠BAD = 180° – 32° – 39° 29
= 108° 31
In/Dalam ΔABD,
6
=
5 In/Dalam ΔABD,
sin θ sin 32° BD 5
=
6 sin 32° sin 108° 31 sin 32°
sin θ =
5
BD = 5 sin 108° 31
θ = 39° 29 sin 32°
= 8.947 cm

(c) In/Dalam ΔBCD,

BC 2 = 122 + 8.9472 – 2(12)(8.947) cos 32°
BC = 6.477 cm

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 2. C In the diagram, ADC and BDE are straight lines. Find
Dalam rajah di sebelah, ADC dan BDE ialah garis lurus. Cari
(a) the value of θ.
8 cm nilai θ.
E (b) the length of ED.
7 cm
40° panjang ED.
D
θ (c) the length of AB.
4 cm 5 cm
panjang AB.
A B (d) ∠EAB.
2 2 2
(a) cos ∠BDC = 5 + 8 – 7 (b) ∠DAE = 180° – 40° – 60° (c) In/Dalam ΔABE,
2(5)(8) = 80° AB2 = 9.5492 + 42 – 2(9.549)(4) cos 40°
∠BDC = 60°
In/Dalam ΔADE, AB = 6.976 cm
Thus/Maka, θ = 60° ED 4
= (d) In/Dalam ΔABE,
sin 80° sin 60°
42 + 6.9762 – 9.5492
ED =
4 sin 80° cos ∠EAB =
sin 60° 2(4)(6.976)
= 4.549 cm = 118° 22

PBD 9.3 Area of a Triangle Textbook: pp. 256 – 262

Luas Segi Tiga
A. Find the area of each of the following triangles.
Cari luas bagi setiap segi tiga berikut. LS9.3.1 PL3

NOTES
A Area of ΔABC
Luas ΔABC Area of ΔABC
Luas ΔABC
8.3 cm A
= 1 ab sin C =
1
ab sin C
2 2 c b
47°
C
10.5 cm
B = 1 (10.5)(8.3) sin 47° =
1
bc sin A
2 2 B a C
= 31.87 cm2 =
1
ac sin B
2

1. A 2. A 3. B

5.4 cm 5.1 cm 6.9 cm 2.15 m

118°

31° C B
C B 73° A
7.6 cm

1.86 m
C

Area of ΔABC Area of ΔABC Area of ΔABC

Luas ΔABC Luas ΔABC Luas ΔABC
1 1 1
= (5.4)(7.6) sin 31° = (5.1)(6.9) sin 118° = (1.86)(2.15) sin 73°
2 2 2
= 10.57 cm2 = 15.54 cm2 = 1.912 m2

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 B. Given the area of a triangle ABC. Find the value of θ in each triangle.
Diberi luas segi tiga ABC. Cari nilai θ dalam setiap segi tiga itu. LS9.3.1 PL3

1. Area of ΔABC = 20 cm2 2. Area of ΔABC = 18.49 cm2

2
Area of ΔABC = 16 cm2 Luas ΔABC = 20 cm Luas ΔABC = 18.49 cm2
Luas ΔABC = 16 cm2 B
A
C
8.5 cm
θ A
6.2 cm θ
B C
11.6 cm
8.6 cm
θ C
A 7.4 cm B
1 1
1 (6.2)(7.4) sin θ = 16 (11.6)(8.5) sin θ = 20 (8.6)(8.6) sin θ = 18.49
2 2
2 2(20) 2(18.49)
sin θ = sin θ =
sin θ = 2(16) (11.6)(8.5) 8.62
(6.2)(7.4)
θ = 23° 56 θ = 30°
θ = 44° 13

C. Given the area of a triangle ABC. Find the value of x in each triangle.
Diberi luas segi tiga ABC. Cari nilai x dalam setiap segi tiga itu. LS9.3.1 PL3

1. Area of ΔABC = 18.6 cm2 2. Area of ΔABC = 2.806 m2

Area of ΔABC = 12.4 cm 2 Luas ΔABC = 18.6 cm 2
Luas ΔABC = 2.806 m2
2
Luas ΔABC = 12.4 cm C C
C
7.3 cm 60°
5.6 cm xm
1.8 m
29°
A x cm B
43°
A B A B
x cm

1 (5.6)(x) sin 43° = 12.4 1 1

(7.3)(x) sin 29° = 18.6 (1.8)(x) sin 60° = 2.806
2 2 2
x = 2(12.4)
2(18.6) 2(2.806)
x= x=
5.6 sin 43° 7.3 sin 29° 1.8 sin 60°
= 6.494 = 10.51 = 3.6

D. Find the area of each of the following triangles.

Cari luas bagi setiap segi tiga berikut. LS9.3.2 PL3

NOTES
Perimeter = 7 + 6 + 8
C = 21 cm The area of a triangle with sides a, b
and c is given by Heron’s formula:
6 cm 7 cm
Semiperimeter, s = 21 Luas segi tiga dengan sisi-sisi a, b dan c
2 diberi oleh rumus Heron:
= 10.5 cm Area/Luas = s(s – a)(s – b)(s – c)
A B Area of ΔABC such that
8 cm
Luas ΔABC dengan keadaan
= 10.5(10.5 – 7)(10.5 – 6)(10.5 – 8) s (semiperimeter) =
a+b+c
= 20.33 cm2 2

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 1. C s=
7+6+9
= 11 cm
2
6 cm 7 cm
Area of ΔABC
Luas ΔABC
= 11(11 – 7)(11 – 6)(11 – 9)
A B = 20.98 cm2
9 cm

2. C 6.8 + 10.2 + 4.8

s= = 10.9 cm
2
Area of ΔABC
10.2 cm Luas ΔABC
6.8 cm = 10.9(10.9 – 6.8)(10.9 – 10.2)(10.9 – 4.8)
= 13.81 cm2

A 4.8 cm B

3. C s=
8 + 15 + 17
= 20 m
2
15 m Area of ΔABC
8m
Luas ΔABC
= 20(20 – 8)(20 – 15)(20 – 17)
A B
17 m = 60 m2

E. Solve the following problems.

Selesaikan masalah berikut. LS9.3.3 PL5

1. In the diagram, the area of ΔPQS is same as

In the diagram, the area of ΔABD is same as the the area of ΔQRS.
area of ΔBCD. Dalam rajah di bawah, luas ΔPQS adalah sama
Dalam rajah di bawah, luas ΔABD adalah sama dengan dengan luas ΔQRS.
luas ΔBCD. S
D
11.2 cm θ
C
5.2 cm R
6.6 cm 12.5 cm 8.7 cm
105° x cm

A 7.4 cm B
P
Find the value of x. Q 7.4 cm
Cari nilai x. Find the value of θ.
In/Dalam ΔABD, s = 6.6 + 5.2 + 7.4 Cari nilai θ.
2
7.4 + 8.7 + 12.5
= 9.6 cm In/Dalam ΔPQS, s =
2
Area of/Luas ΔABD = 14.3 cm
= 9.6(9.6 – 6.6)(9.6 – 5.2)(9.6 – 7.4)
Area of/Luas ΔPQS
= 16.70 cm2
= 14.3(14.3 – 7.4)(14.3 – 8.7)(14.3 – 12.5)
Area of/Luas ΔBCD = 1 (6.6)(x) sin 105° = 31.54 cm2
2 1
(6.6)(x) sin 105° = 33.4 Area of/Luas ΔQRS = (12.5)(11.2) sin θ
2
x = 5.239 1
(12.5)(11.2) sin θ = 31.54
2
θ = 26° 47

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 2. C In the diagram, the area of ΔABD is two times the area of ΔBCD. Find the
x cm
value of x.
Dalam rajah di sebelah, luas ΔABD adalah dua kali luas ΔBCD. Cari nilai x.
21°
D B 8.9 + 5.8 + 6.7
8.9 cm In/Dalam ΔABD, s = = 10.7 cm
2
5.8 cm 6.7 cm Area of/Luas ΔABD = 10.7(10.7 – 8.9)(10.7 – 5.8)(10.7 – 6.7) = 19.43 cm2
A 1
Area of/Luas ΔBCD = (8.9)(x) sin 21°
2
1
(8.9)(x) sin 21° = 19.43
2
x = 12.18

PBD 9.4 Application of Sine Rule, Cosine Rule and Area of a Triangle Textbook: pp. 263 – 266
Aplikasi Petua Sinus, Petua Kosinus dan Luas Segi Tiga
A. Solve the following problems.
Selesaikan masalah berikut. LS9.4.1 PL5
1. Sketch the triangle ABC, such that ∠A = 42°, 2. The diagram shows a fenced up area PQR beside
a = 5.5 cm and c = 8.0 cm. Mark the two possible KBATa wall PQ.
positions of vertices C as C1 and C2. Find the Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebuah kawasan berpagar
possible values of ∠C. Hence, find the area of PQR di sebelah dinding PQ.
triangle BC1C2.
Lakar segi tiga ABC, dengan keadaan ∠A = 42°, a = 5.5 cm
dan c = 8.0 cm. Tandakan dua kedudukan yang mungkin
bagi bucu C sebagai C1 dan C2. Cari nilai-nilai yang R 2.15 m
mungkin bagi ∠C. Seterusnya, cari luas segi tiga BC1C2.
57°
P 2.45 m Q

(a) On the diagram, mark the point R such that

∠P and the length of PQ remain unchanged, and
QR = QR.
Pada rajah itu, tandakan titik R dengan keadaan ∠P
dan panjang PQ tidak berubah, dan QR = QR.
(b) Find the percentage increase in the fenced up
area if R is moved to R.
Cari peratus penambahan luas kawasan berpagar itu
8.0 5.5 jika R dipindah ke R.
=
sin ∠C sin 42° 2.45 2.15
8 sin 42° (b) =
sin ∠C = sin ∠R sin 57°
5.5 2.45 sin 57°
∠C = 76° 44 or/atau 103° 16 sin ∠R =
2.15
Area of ΔBC1C2 ∠R = 72° 53 or/atau 107° 7
Luas ΔBC1C2 ∠PRQ = 107° 7
1 ∠PQR = 180° – 57° – 107° 7 = 15° 53
= (5.5)(5.5) sin (180° – 2  76° 44)
2 1
Area of/Luas ΔPQR = (2.45)(2.15) sin 15° 53
1 2
= (5.5)(5.5) sin 26° 32
2 = 0.7208 cm2
= 6.757 cm2 ∠PRQ = 72° 53
∠PQR = 180° – 57° – 72° 53 = 50° 7
1
Area of/Luas ΔPQR = (2.45)(2.15) sin 50° 7
2
= 2.021 cm2
Percentage increase/Peratus penambahan
2.021 – 0.7208
=  100% = 180.4%
0.7208
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 3. H G The diagram shows a cuboid. Find
Rajah di sebelah menunjukkan sebuah kuboid. Cari
4 cm (a) the angle between the triangle BGD and the base ABCD.
sudut antara segi tiga BGD dan tapak ABCD.
E D C
F (b) the area of the triangle BGD.
6 cm luas segi tiga BGD.

A 8 cm B

(a) Let M be the midpoint of BD.

Katakan M ialah titik tengah BD.

AC = 82 + 62 = 10 cm
1
MC = (10) = 5 cm
2
In the right-angled tringle MCG,
Dalam segi tiga bersudut tegak MCG,
4
tan ∠GMC =
5
4
∠GMC = tan–1 冢 冣
5
= 38° 39
Thus, the angle between the triangle BGD and the base ABCD is 38° 39.
Maka, sudut antara segi tiga BGD dan tapak ABCD ialah 38° 39.

(b) BD = AC = 10 cm
BG = 62 + 42 = 7.211 cm

DG = 82 + 42 = 8.944 cm

In/Dalam ΔBGD,
10 + 7.211 + 8.944
s=
2
= 13.078 cm
Area of ΔBGD
Luas ΔBGD
= 13.078(13.078 – 10)(13.078 – 7.211)(13.078 – 8.944)
= 31.25 cm2

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 TOWARDS SPM PRACTICE PAPER 2

Answer all the questions.

Jawab semua soalan.

1. The diagram shows a quadrilateral ABCD. 2. The diagram shows a cyclic quadrilateral PQRS.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sisi empat ABCD. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sisi empat kitaran PQRS.
A P

B 29° 8.5 cm 8.6 cm

10 cm 80°
C 7 cm D S
(a) Find
3.7 cm
Cari 76°
(i) the length, in cm, of BD. R 7.5 cm Q
panjang, dalam cm, BD.
(ii) ∠BCD. (a) Calculate
(iii) the area, in cm2, of the quadrilateral ABCD. Hitung
luas, dalam cm2, sisi empat ABCD. (i) the length, in cm, of PR.
[8] panjang, dalam cm, PR.
(b) (i) Sketch a ΔDBC which has a different (ii) ∠PRS.
shape from ΔDBC such that DC = DC, [6]
DB = DB and ∠DBC = ∠DBC. (b) Find
Lakar sebuah ΔDBC yang mempunyai bentuk Cari
berbeza daripada ΔDBC dengan keadaan (i) the area, in cm2, of ΔPQR.
DC = DC, DB = DB dan ∠DBC = ∠DBC. luas, dalam cm2, ΔPQR.
(ii) Hence, state ∠DCB. (ii) the shortest distance, in cm, from point Q
Seterusnya, nyatakan ∠DCB. to PR.
[2] jarak terdekat, dalam cm, dari titik Q ke PR.
(a) (i) ∠BAD = 180° – 80° – 29° = 71° [4]
In/Dalam ΔABD,
(a) (i) In/Dalam ΔPQR,
BD 8.5 PR2 = 8.62 + 7.52 – 2(8.6)(7.5) cos 76°
=
sin 71° sin 29° PR = 9.950 cm
8.5 sin 71°
BD = = 16.58 cm
sin 29° (ii) ∠PSR = 180° – 76° = 104°
(ii) In/Dalam ΔBCD, In/Dalam ΔPSR,
102 + 72 – 16.582 3.7 9.950
cos ∠BCD = =
2(10)(7) sin ∠SPR sin 104°
∠BCD = 154° 4 ∠SPR = 21° 9
(iii) Area of quadrilateral ABCD ∠PRS = 180° – 104° – 21° 9
Luas sisi empat ABCD = 54° 51
1
= (8.5)(16.58) sin 80° + (b) (i) Area of ΔPQR
2
1 Luas ΔPQR
(10)(7) sin 154° 4 = 84.70 cm2 1
2 = (8.6)(7.5) sin 76°
2
(b) (i)
= 31.29 cm2

(ii) Let the shortest distance = x cm

Katakan jarak terdekat = x cm
1
(9.950)(x) = 31.29
2
(ii) ∠DCB = 180° – 154° 4 = 25° 56 x = 6.289

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 3. The diagram shows a pyramid with ΔABC as a horizontal base.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebuah piramid dengan ΔABC sebagai tapak mengufuk.

6 cm

4 cm
C A

3 cm

It is given that AB = 3 cm, AC = 4 cm and ∠BAC = 90°. The vertex D is 6 cm vertically above A. Find
Diberi bahawa AB = 3 cm, AC = 4 cm dan ∠BAC = 90°. Puncak D adalah 6 cm tegak di atas A. Cari
(a) the area, in cm2, of the inclined plane BCD.
luas, dalam cm2, satah condong BCD.
[5]
(b) the angle between the inclined plane BCD and the base ABC.
sudut antara satah condong BCD dan tapak ABC.
[5]
2 2
(a) BC = 3 + 4 = 5 cm
2 2
BD = 3 + 6 = 6.708 cm
2 2
CD = 4 + 6 = 7.211 cm

In/Dalam ΔBCD,
s = 5 + 6.708 + 7.211
2
= 9.4595 cm

Area of ΔBCD
Luas ΔBCD
= 9.4595(9.4595 – 5)(9.4595 – 6.708)(9.4595 – 7.211)
= 16.16 cm2

(b) Let the perpendicular distance from D to BC = h cm.

Katakan jarak serenjang dari D ke BC = h cm.
1
(5)(h) = 16.16
2
h = 6.464

Let the angle between the inclined plane BCD and the base ABC = θ.
Katakan sudut antara satah condong BCD dan tapak ABC = θ.
6
sin θ =
6.464
θ = 68° 10

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