Experiment 1
Experiment 1
EXPERIMENT NO.: 1
DATE:
AIM
To familiarize with cathode ray oscilloscope and to study their
functions.
THEORY
CRO is an instrument which gives the visual representation of
electrical signals. It is one among the most versatile tools used to research
and study of electronic circuits and system. It displays the signals on a
screen in ‘X’ and ‘Y’ axis, used in conventional graph construction. X-axis
represents time and y-axis the amplitude displaying voltage variations which
take place over a period of microsecond and nanosecond.
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) is the heart of the CRO. It is vacuum tube
which generates a narrow electrode beam and made fall on a fluorescent
screen at one end of the tube. The electron beam is deflected horizontally
and vertically by horizontal and vertical deflection plates respectively. The
waveform to be observed is fed across the vertical deflection plates while the
horizontal deflection plates elongated the waveform in the time axis.
6.POWER SWITCH Turns ON/OFF the CRO main power. When the
power is ON the LED lights.
C.LED Display Shows the vertical scale, horizontal scale, X-Y
mode and waveform frequencies
1.CH1 Vertical Scale Shows the CH1 Vertical scale.
2.Horizontal Scale Shows the horizontal scale
3.X-Y Mode When turned ON, indicates that the x-y mode is
activated.
4.Signal frequency Shows the waveform frequency
5.CH2 Vertical Scale Shows the CH2 Vertical Scale.
OBSERVATIONS
a. To measure amplitude
= ................... Vpp
b. To measure frequency
= .................. S
=..................... Hz
ESL130 ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP
2.Trigger mode Switch The trigger mode switch selects when the CRO responds
to the trigger condition.
a.) AUTO The CRO sweeps regardless of the existence of trigger
condition.
b.) NORM The CRO sweeps only when a trigger when a trigger
condition occurs.
c.) TV-V The CRO triggers when a vertical video synchronization
signal appears. For triggering on the held select
2ms/div as the horizontal scale; for triggering on the
frame.
d.) TV-H The CRO triggers when a horizontal video
synchronization signal appears for triggering on the
line. Select 10µs/div as the horizontal scale. Use the
SWP VAR knob to control the number of waveforms
3.Trigger Level Knob The trigger level moves down when the trigger level
knob is turned counter clockwise.
4. Trigger SLOPE Switch Select the triggering slope when in the ‘+’ position the
CRO Trigger positive slope of the trigger signal crosses
trigger level. When in the ‘-’ position the CRO triggers
when the negative slope of the trigger source signal
crosses the trigger level.
5.Trigger Source Switch Select the signal on which the CRO sweeps
a.) CH1 CH1 signal becomes the trigger source.
b.) CH2 CH2 signal becomes the trigger source.
ESL130 ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP
PROCEDURE
To measure the amplitude of the signal
i) Switch on CRO. Obtain a sharply defined trace of a horizontal line on the
screen by adjusting INTEN and FOCUS knob.
ii) Adjust the Y-position knob so as to make the trace inside with the centre
line on the screen by keeping the AC-DC switch in GND position.
iii) Connect the function generator with the CRO using a probe and switch
on the function generator.
iv) Count the number of divisions occupied by the signal from peak to peak.
v) Multiply this by the scale indicated by VOLT/DIV knob. This gives the
peak to peak amplitude.
vi) Half of this will give the maximum (peak) value of the voltage.
RESULT
Familiarized with Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) and DSO and studied its
functions.
ESL130 ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP