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    C Programming String

    Uploaded by

    John Mark Carpio
    The document discusses C strings and various ways to declare, initialize, read, and manipulate strings in C programming. It explains that strings in C are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. Strings can be declared as character arrays or using pointers. They can be initialized in multiple ways and read from the user using scanf() or gets(). The document also introduces common string handling functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcat() etc. defined in the string.h header file to perform operations on strings.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    C Programming String

    Uploaded by

    John Mark Carpio
    44 views5 pages
    The document discusses C strings and various ways to declare, initialize, read, and manipulate strings in C programming. It explains that strings in C are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. Strings can be declared as character arrays or using pointers. They can be initialized in multiple ways and read from the user using scanf() or gets(). The document also introduces common string handling functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcat() etc. defined in the string.h header file to perform operations on strings.

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    The document discusses C strings and various ways to declare, initialize, read, and manipulate strings in C programming. It explains that strings in C are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. Strings can be declared as character arrays or using pointers. They can be initialized in multiple ways and read from the user using scanf() or gets(). The document also introduces common string handling functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcat() etc. defined in the string.h header file to perform operations on strings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    44 views5 pages

    C Programming String

    Uploaded by

    John Mark Carpio
    The document discusses C strings and various ways to declare, initialize, read, and manipulate strings in C programming. It explains that strings in C are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. Strings can be declared as character arrays or using pointers. They can be initialized in multiple ways and read from the user using scanf() or gets(). The document also introduces common string handling functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcat() etc. defined in the string.h header file to perform operations on strings.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    C Programming String

    In C programming, array of character are called strings. A string is terminated by null character   /0 .
    For example:

    "c string tutorial"

    Here, "c string tutorial" is a string. When, compiler encounters strings, it appends null character at
    the end of string.

    Declaration of strings
    Strings are declared in C in similar manner as arrays. Only difference is that, strings are
    of  char type.

    char s[5];

    Strings can also be declared using pointer.

    char *p

    Initialization of strings
    In C, string can be initialized in different number of ways.

    char c[]="abcd";

    OR,

    char c[5]="abcd";

    OR,

    char c[]={'a','b','c','d','\0'};

    OR;

    char c[5]={'a','b','c','d','\0'};
    String can also be initialized using pointers

    char *c="abcd";

    Reading Strings from user.


    Reading words from user.
    char c[20];

    scanf("%s",c);

    String variable c can only take a word. It is beacause when white space is encountered,
    the  scanf() function terminates.

    Write a C program to illustrate how to read string from terminal.


    #include <stdio.h>
    int main(){
    char name[20];
    printf("Enter name: ");
    scanf("%s",name);
    printf("Your name is %s.",name);
    return 0;
    }

    Output

    Enter name: Dennis Ritchie

    Your name is Dennis.

    Here, program will ignore Ritchie because,  scanf()  function takes only string before the white
    space.

    Reading a line of text


    C program to read line of text manually.
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main(){
    char name[30],ch;
    int i=0;
    printf("Enter name: ");
    while(ch!='\n') // terminates if user hit enter
    {
    ch=getchar();
    name[i]=ch;
    i++;
    }
    name[i]='\0'; // inserting null character at end
    printf("Name: %s",name);
    return 0;
    }

    This process to take string is tedious. There are predefined functions   gets()  and  puts  in C
    language to read and display string respectively.

    int main(){
    char name[30];
    printf("Enter name: ");
    gets(name); //Function to read string from user.
    printf("Name: ");
    puts(name); //Function to display string.
    return 0;
    }

    Both, the above program has same output below:

    Output

    Enter name: Tom Hanks

    Name: Tom Hanks

    Passing Strings to Functions


    String can be passed to function in similar manner as arrays as, string is also an array. Learn more
    about passing array to a function.

    #include <stdio.h>
    void Display(char ch[]);
    int main(){
    char c[50];
    printf("Enter string: ");
    gets(c);
    Display(c); // Passing string c to function.
    return 0;
    }
    void Display(char ch[]){
    printf("String Output: ");
    puts(ch);
    }

    Here, string  c  is passed from  main()  function to user-defined function  Display() . In function
    declaration,  ch[]  is the formal argument. 
    String handling functions
    You can perform different type of string operations manually like: finding length of string,
    concatenating(joining) two strings etc. But, for programmers ease, many library function are defined
    under header file  <string.h>  to handle these commonly used talk in C programming. You will
    learn more about string hadling function in next chapter.

    String Manipulations In C Programming


    Using Library Functions
    Strings are often needed to be manipulated by programmer according to the need of a
    problem. All string manipulation can be done manually by the programmer but, this makes
    programming complex and large. To solve this, the C supports a large number of string
    handling functions.

    There are numerous functions defined in  "string.h"  header file. Few commonly used string
    handling functions are discussed below:

    Function Work of Function

    strlen() Calculates the length of string

    strcpy() Copies a string to another string

    strcat() Concatenates(joins) two strings

    strcmp() Compares two string

    strlwr() Converts string to lowercase

    strupr() Converts string to uppercase

    Strings handling functions are defined under  "string.h"  header file, i.e, you have to include
    the code below to run string handling functions.

    #include <string.h>

    gets() and puts()


    Functions gets() and puts() are two string functions to take string input from user and
    display string respectively as mentioned in previous chapter.
    #include<stdio.h>
    int main(){
    char name[30];
    printf("Enter name: ");
    gets(name); //Function to read string from user.
    printf("Name: ");
    puts(name); //Function to display string.
    return 0;
    }

    Though, gets() and  puts()  function handle string, both these functions are defined
    in  "stdio.h" header file.

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