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    Org Chem Notes

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    Pia Medina
    The document lists and describes various pieces of laboratory glassware and equipment commonly used in chemistry experiments and their purposes. It includes items used for heating substances like burners, flasks, and clay triangles. It also lists items used for measuring substances like graduated cylinders, pipettes, and balances. Safety equipment like fume hoods and glassware for holding substances like beakers and test tubes are also described.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Org Chem Notes

    Uploaded by

    Pia Medina
    32 views4 pages
    The document lists and describes various pieces of laboratory glassware and equipment commonly used in chemistry experiments and their purposes. It includes items used for heating substances like burners, flasks, and clay triangles. It also lists items used for measuring substances like graduated cylinders, pipettes, and balances. Safety equipment like fume hoods and glassware for holding substances like beakers and test tubes are also described.

    Original Title

    ORG-CHEM-NOTES

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    The document lists and describes various pieces of laboratory glassware and equipment commonly used in chemistry experiments and their purposes. It includes items used for heating substances like burners, flasks, and clay triangles. It also lists items used for measuring substances like graduated cylinders, pipettes, and balances. Safety equipment like fume hoods and glassware for holding substances like beakers and test tubes are also described.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    32 views4 pages

    Org Chem Notes

    Uploaded by

    Pia Medina
    The document lists and describes various pieces of laboratory glassware and equipment commonly used in chemistry experiments and their purposes. It includes items used for heating substances like burners, flasks, and clay triangles. It also lists items used for measuring substances like graduated cylinders, pipettes, and balances. Safety equipment like fume hoods and glassware for holding substances like beakers and test tubes are also described.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    ORG CHEM NOTES MOHR PIPETTE

    - graduation always ends before the


    GLASSWARES tip

    TEST TUBE SEROLOGICAL PIPETTE


    - used for holding, viewing and mixing - graduation continues up to the tip
    contents
    STIRRING ROD
    BEAKER - stirring and mixing
    - used for holding, mixing and heating
    liquids TEST TUBE HOLDER
    - used to hold test tubes
    ERLEMEYER FLASK
    - hold, mix chemicals w/o spilling TEST TUBE RACK
    because of narrow neck - used to hold and store multiple test
    tubes
    FLORENCE FLASK
    - mixing and evenly heating of CRUCIBLE TONGS
    substances - for holding crucibles

    BURET CLAY TRIANGLE


    - for dispensing accurate amount of - supports crucible during heating
    volume of a liquid
    TRIPOD
    GRADUATED CYLINDER - supports and holds flasks, beakers
    - for measuring precise volume of a during experiment
    liquid
    WIRE GAUZE
    VOLUMETRIC FLASK - container support during heating
    - for preparing of solutions in an
    accurate volume IRON STAND AND RING
    - for holding and supporting beakers
    WATCHGLASS
    - holds and while being weighed and IRON CLAMP
    used to cover beaker - holds thing in place

    DESSICATOR FUNNEL
    - for cooling and storage of objects - for transferring liquids of fine-
    grained materials into small
    PASTEUR PIPETTE (dropper) containers
    - for small quantity of liquids
    THISTLE TUBE
    VOLUMETRIC PIPETTE - used for adding materials in a semi-
    - for fixed and accurate volume permeable membrane
    WATER BATH PH METER
    - incubation and maintains constant - for measuring acidity and alkalinity
    temperature
    ASPIRATOR
    CORK STOPPER - removes liquid gases by suction
    - stopper for test tubes
    TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE
    CORK BORER - used to measure masses very
    - for cutting hole into a cork precisely

    FUMEHOOD ANALYTICAL BALANCE


    - ventilation system - used to measure masses very
    accurately
    THERMOMETER (°C)
    - used to measure temperatures
    ORGANIC
    ALCOHOL LAMP - flammable
    - heating, sterilization, combustion - charred
    - 10% alcohol, not for prolonged - non polar
    heating - insoluble in water
    - low mp/bp
    BUNSEN BURNER - cannot conduct electricity
    - provides heat with the absence of
    flammable materials COVALENT
    Airhole open – complete combustion, blue - share of electrons
    (hottest) - NM + NM
    Airhole close – incomplete combustion, example:
    yellow (safe flame) Sucrose (C12H22O11)
    Naphtalene (C10H8)
    EVAPORATING DISH Starch (C6H10O5)
    - used to heat liquids for evaporation
    (2000 °C) NONPOLAR COVALENT
    - equal sharing
    CRUCIBLE AND COVER - dissolves nonpolar
    - used to heat liquids during high - many atoms
    temperature of heating (1400 °C) - complex structure
    - not electrolyte
    MORTAR AND PESTLE
    - crushing and grinding INORGANIC
    - inflammable
    CENTRIFUGE - cannot be charred
    - separates gas or liquids based on - polar
    density - soluble in water
    - high mp/bp
    - conducts electricity TYPES OF REACTION
    COMBINATION/SYNTHESIS REACTION
    IONIC - A + B = AB
    - transfer of electrons
    - M + NM DECOMPOSITION
    example: - AB A + B
    Salt (NaCl)
    Sodium Citrate (Na3C6H507) SINGLE REPLACEMENT
    Baking soda (NaHCO3) - A + BC AC + B

    POLAR COVALENT DOUBLE REPLACEMENT


    - unequal sharing - AB + CD AC + BD
    - dissolves polar
    - few atoms
    - simple structure *CHANGES OF STATE OF MATTER
    G S Deposition
    INERMOLECULAR FORCE G L Condensation
    - force between molecules S L Melting
    S G Sublimation
    INTRAMOLECULAR FORCE L S Freezing
    - force within molecules L G Evaporation

    FOUR TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR ENGLISH-METRIC EQUIVALENTS


    IONIC – IONIC 1 meter = 1.0936 yards
    - for Ionic compunds only 1 centimeter = 0.39870 inch
    example: NaCl 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters
    1 kilometer = 0.62137
    HYDROGEN BOND 1 angstrom = 10 meters
    - bonded to F, O, N
    example: H2O, NH3 Mass
    1 kilogram = 1000 grams
    DIPOLE – DIPOLE 1 pound = 453.59 grams = 0.45359
    - when other atoms bond to Carbon kilograms = 16 ounces
    - between polar covalent molecules 1 ton/2000 pounds = 907.185 kg
    - dependent on polarity 1000 kg = 2204.6 pounds
    - 8+ 8-
    example: HBr, HCl TEMPERATURE
    °F °C = 5/9 (°F -32)
    VAN DER WAALS °C °F = 9/5 (°C) + 32
    - weakest °C K = K = °C + 273.15
    - exist in all molecules
    - N2, O2, Ar2 DENSITY
    D = M/V
    NAMING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
    *TYPE OF BOND - group of atoms and bonds that
    SATURATED ALKANES confer specific properties on a
    - CnH2n+2; single bond molecule
    ALCOHOL
    UNSATURATED ALKENES ETHER
    - CnH2n; double bonds KETONES
    ALDEHYDE
    UNSATURATED ALKYNES ESTER
    - CnH2n-2; triple bonds CARBOXYLIC ACID
    AMINE
    ALKYL
    - CnH2n-1; side chains
    TYPES OF AMINE
    PRIMARY
    *NUMBER OF CARBONS - Nitrogen atom is attached to only
    1C = METH one carbon atom
    2C = ETH
    3C = PROP SECONDARY
    4C = BOT - N atom is attached to two C atoms
    5C = PENT
    6C = HEX TERTIARY
    7C = HEPT - N is attached to three C atoms
    8C = OCT
    9C = NON
    10C = DEC

    ALKYL HALIDES
    - aka haloalkanes
    - hydrogen atom is replaced by
    halogen
    - CHLORO – Cl
    - BROMO – Br
    - FLUORO – F
    - IODO – I

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