INTRODUCTION TO MS OFFICE

Microsoft Office 2007 is one of the most widely applicable softwares ,is now made use for various software applications like Microsoft Word, Microsoft Access, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Power Point etc. MSOffice 2007 Professional is a suite of programs that can help in creating & managing written materials, publications, data bases, spreadsheets &web pages.

INTRODUCTION TO MS EXCEL
Microsoft Excel gives the opportunity to learn & strengthen skills to gather data, create worksheets, analyse &chart the results &integrate findings into reports & assignments. It is a powerful spreadsheet. An electronic spreadsheet is a worksheet consisting of rows & columns in which data can be entered and stored. A speadsheet is used to store information in memory of the computer screen in a desired manner. To carry its various tasks, the application organizes each of its file, also called a workbook, into sub files called worksheets. Microsoft Excel identifies each one of its files as a workbook & by default, a starting document in Microsoft Excel is called Book1. Microsoft excel is a Multiple Document Interface(MDI), which means you can open more than one file, more than one workbook, inside the application.

UNDERSTANDING WORKING AREA OF EXCEL WORKSHEET

A cell can be defined as a box used for entering data. Vertical lines of cells are formed by columns (A,B,C & horizontal lines by rows (1,2,3,.). There are a total of 65,536 cells in a worksheet.
Cell Pointer

A highlighted rectangle on the worksheet, indicating the currently active cell is called the cell pointer. The cell pointer shows the places where the data eing typed will be entered on a worksheet. When a new worksheet is started, the cell pointer would always be displayed at A1.
Cell Address

Each column and row intersection creates a cell into \, which data is entered. This cell address identifies the location of each cell. The rows are identi fied by numbers, labelled down the left side of the worksheet in the heading area. The columns are identified by letters, labelled across the top of the sheet in the heading area. A particular cell is addressed by first writing the column letter followed by the row number. Range A range is any combination of cells that are selected, generally so tha t data can be entered or include the in a command or formula. In Excel there are two types of ranges. Single sheet or 2-D: A group of adjacent cells are contiguous in a single worksheet, such as B5:D25 Multi sheet or 2-D: A range that spans multiple sheets, usually contiguous, in the workbook so that the same 2-D range is referenced on each sheet. For example, one could define a range on Sheet1 to Sheet4, whic h includes the cells in A5:F15 on each sheet. The range can be referred as Sheet1:Sheet4 A5:F15. Formula Bar: Beneath the tool bar and just above the worksheet is the Formula bar. It serves two important functions in Excel. Firstly, one can enter and revis e data within the formula bar for the current cell in the active worksheet. Secondly the formula bar displays whatever is inside the current cell. Working with cells Entering Data to cells: In general Excel accepts two types of data: values and texts. As a rule, if any entry is not value, Excel treats is a text.

Value:- A value is any datum that has significance beyond the characters typed, such as numeric value. Excel aligns most values, such as numbers& dates, with the right side of their cells. Text:- Around 32000 text characters can be entered in a cell Entering Formulas:The data in a formula can consist of numbers, text values, functions, or cell addresses that can be combined with arithmetical operators. The operators include the usual + & - with the asterisk(*) for multiplication & forward slash(/) for division; a formula can be a maximum of 1024 characters. A formula must begin with an equals sign(=) for Excel to recognize it as such. Otherwise the formula will be taken as plain text, with no resu lting value. Excel calculates formula as soon as it is entered and displays the result on the screen. Goal seek commands Goal seek is a suite of commands sometimes called what -if analysis tools. Using the Goal seek command in the tool menu we get the value for a formula, which results in the amount we specify. When goal seeking, Microsoft Excel varies the value in one specific cell to a result which is required. Using Functions to Calculate Values Functions are performed formulas performing calculations using specific values called arguments, in a particular order, or structure. For example, the SUM function adds the values or ranges of cells, & the PMT function calculates the loan payments based on an interest rate, duration & the principal amount of loan. Argument: Arguments can be numbers, text, logical values such as TRUE or FALSE, array error values such as #N/A, or cell references. Arguments can be constants, formulas, or other functions. Structure: The structure of a function begins with the function name, followed by an opening parenthesis, the arguments for the function separated by commas, & the closing parenthesis. If the function starts formula, type an equal sign(=) before

the function name. As a formula is created that contains a function, the formula palette will assist in the process. Worksheet functions listed by category
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Databases Dare & Time External Engineering Financial Information Logical Look up & References Math & Trigonometry Statistical Text &Data

Recognising Error Results The following is a list of common error results Excel returns when you enter a formula that Excel cant evaluate:##### The column is nit wide enough to display the number. #DIV/0I Dividing by zero is invalid. #N/A Data is not available #NAME Formula references a name that is unknown to Excel. #VALUE The formula contains an invalid operator or argument. Macros If you perform a task repeatedly in Microsoft Excel, you can automate the task with a macro. A macro is a series of commands & functions that are stored in a Mathematical Visual Basic module & can be run whenever you need to perform the task. For example, if you often enter long text strings in cells, you can create a macro to forma t those cells so that the text wraps. Charts

Excel also provides provision for changing a set of data to charts. We can create a chart with the help of chart wizard, by specifying a chart type & selecting the data series. The different chart types are bar, area, pie etc. Protecting Worksheets Protecting data & formulae is especially important when more than one person is using the workbook. To turn on the protection choose tools -> Protection -> Protect sheet & by entering a password the sheet is protected. Once the sheet is protected, we cant change the contents of any locked cells, delete or insert rows or columns, create chart etc.