1 - ITP For Roller Compacted Concrete
1 - ITP For Roller Compacted Concrete
1 - ITP For Roller Compacted Concrete
Inspection and Test Plan for
Roller Compacted Concrete
Prepared by:
Sohail A Khan
Contents
1. Scope of Work: ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Relevant Drawings: .............................................................................................................................. 3
3. Relevant Specifications, Manuals & Testing procedures: ................................................................... 3
4. Preliminary Arrangements ................................................................................................................... 4
4.1 Material ........................................................................................................................................ 4
4.2 Equipment .................................................................................................................................... 4
4.3 Formwork ..................................................................................................................................... 4
4.4 Surface preparations .................................................................................................................... 5
4.5 Embedment .................................................................................................................................. 5
4.6 Access Roads ................................................................................................................................. 5
4.7 Batching & Cooling Arrangements ............................................................................................... 5
4.8 Mix Design .................................................................................................................................... 5
4.9 Thermocouples ............................................................................................................................. 6
4.10 Contraction Joints ......................................................................................................................... 6
5. Material Requirements ........................................................................................................................ 7
6. RCC Placement ...................................................................................................................................... 7
6.1 Transportation .............................................................................................................................. 7
6.2 Placement and Spreading ............................................................................................................ 8
6.3 Compaction ................................................................................................................................... 8
6.4 Lift Joints ....................................................................................................................................... 9
6.5 Curing ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Appendix: ITP ............................................................................................................................................. 10
1. Scope of Work:
This document is prepared for roller compacted concrete for dam structure. This document addresses
QA/QC measures and procedures for RCC concrete for dam structure. The gated spillways, piers and other
reinforced concrete segments of dam shall be placed with conventional concrete and are not covered in
this document.
2. Relevant Drawings:
The latest approved drawings related to the subject works are listed here:
3. Relevant Specifications, Manuals & Testing procedures:
Manual of Practices:
Project Specifications relevant chapters
ACI 207.1R‐05 Guide to Mass Concrete
ACI 207.5R‐99 Roller‐Compacted Mass Concrete
EM 1110‐2‐2006 Roller‐Compacted Concrete ‐ ENGINEER MANUAL
ACI 305R‐99 Hot Weather Concreting
ACI 211‐3 Guide for Selecting Proportions for No‐Slump Concrete
ACI 212 Admixtures for Concrete and Guide for Use of Admixtures in Concrete
ACI 304R‐00 Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete
ACI 347R Guide to Formwork for Concrete
ACI 201‐1 Guide to Durable Concrete
ACI 301 Standard Specification for Structural Concrete
ASTM C 150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement
Testing standards
ASTM C 33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
ASTM C 127 Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse
Aggregate
ASTM C 128 Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine
Aggregate
ASTM C 1170 – 91 Standard Test Methods for Determining Consistency and Density of
Roller‐Compacted Concrete Using a Vibrating
ASTM C 1176 – 92 Making Roller‐Compacted Concrete in Cylinder Molds Using a Vibrating
Table
ASTM D 1557 Modified proctor method of compaction
ASTM C 989 Standard Specification for Ground Granulated Blast‐Furnace Slag for Use
in Concrete and Mortars
ASTM C 566 Standard Test Method for Total Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying
ASTM C 70 Standard Test Method for Surface Moisture in Fine Aggregate
CRD‐C 163 Test Method for Water Permeability of Concrete Using Tri‐axial Cell
4. Preliminary Arrangements
The preliminary arrangements for roller compacted concrete (RCC henceforth) are of utmost
importance as its placement sequence is a continuous process. Interruptions in placement could not
only create quality control issues but seriously affect progress of works. The preliminary arrangements
are divided into following sub sections.
4.1 Material
It shall be ensured that there is adequate supply of tested aggregates, cement, admixtures and water
available at site as per approved mix design before proceeding with the concrete placement. The
record of available and consumed material shall be kept at batching plant at all the time.
4.2 Equipment
It shall be ensured that the machinery required for transporting, placement and consolidation of
concrete are adequate in number and sound working condition. The Contractor shall make available
standby dump trucks, vibratory roller and dozers. The detailed concrete placement schedule for
successive and adjacent concrete layers shall be prepared considering the rate of placement of
concrete to avoid cold joints in concrete. Routine maintenance of machinery shall be carried out by
the mechanical workshop to prevent breakdown during concrete placement.
The equipment required for each pour shall be finalized after the pouring of roller compacted
concrete in test strip. Preferably dozers with rubber or worn out tracks shall be used for spreading
RCC to minimize ruts in concrete.
4.3 Formwork
The formwork shall conform to the ACI 347R Guide to Formwork for Concrete. Jump formwork is
generally preferred on dam structures. Specialized Jump form anchors with larger embedded length
for RCC concrete are recommended as the existing lift of RCC may not have strength comparable to
conventional concrete. Around the forms, conventional concrete shall be placed instead of roller
compacted concrete to prevent damage to the forms during vibration. If the thickness of conventional
concrete is more than 6inches, it shall be properly compacted with internal vibrators. The formwork
for access gallery and transverse joints shall also be placed in position before commencement of RCC
placement. The location of formwork shall be carefully adjusted as per construction drawings using
surveying equipment.
4.4 Surface preparations
The first pour of RCC shall be directly placed on rock surface. The rock surface shall be properly
cleaned with water jet. Any loose rock, debris or any other material that could compromise bond
between rock surface and roller compacted concrete shall be removed before placement of concrete.
The preparations for lift joint are covered in section 6.4.
4.5 Embedment
The embedment in concrete such as water stops, thermocouples, geotechnical monitoring
instruments or EMH installations shall be carefully fixed and protected to prevent damage during
concrete placement and compaction. Before placement of concrete, approval from respective
sections of works for their installation. Wherever required, conventional concrete shall be placed
around embedment to reduce the likelihood of damage to them.
The reinforcement for access gallery shall be fixed as per ACI Detailing manual or ACI 318. The
conventional concrete shall be placed around access gallery.
4.6 Access Roads
The traffic management plant will be weekly updated and access roads will be continuously
maintained as per capabilities of hauling equipment.
4.7 Batching & Cooling Arrangements
The pre‐cooling arrangement of RCC mix include installation of water chiller, shades for aggregates
stocks, sprinkling water for aggregates. The cooling arrangements shall be designed to achieve
maximum placement temperature of 25oC. The lower placement temperature may also be required
to limit maximum temperature of hardened RCC to 70oC.
4.8 Mix Design
The design of RCC shall be prepared as procedure specified in per ACI 211.3 Appendix‐3. Minor
changes in mix proportion can be made during trial to produce more cohesive mix and minimize
segregation. Well graded mixes with slightly higher percentage of fines tend to produce more
cohesive mix when aggregates size is more than 1.5in. High workability mixes will cause concrete to
rut when compacted with vibratory roller and should be avoided. The range of Vebe time shall be
established during trial and the same shall be used to evaluate the consistency of mix during RCC
placement.
To minimize heat of hydration and reduce risk of alkali aggregate reactivity, slag could be introduced
in mix design. The rock surface against which RCC is to be directly placed shall be tested for the soluble
sulphate content. If soluble sulphate content are present in rock, the mix design of RCC which shall be
prepared using OPC Type V ASTM C150.
4.9 Thermocouples
Thermocouples shall be embedded in RCC concrete to monitor the post placement temperature of
concrete. Maximum allowable temperature of RCC concrete shall not be allowed more than 70oC to
prevent cracking of hardened concrete due to internal sulphate attack (Delayed Ettringite Formation
DEF). In case of absence of detailed heat of hydration analysis of concrete mixes, maximum
differential temperature between core of concrete and surface shall be kept 15oC to prevent thermal
cracking. If temperatures exceed the said limits, changes in mix design (introduction of slag),
placement temperature, lift height or placement rate shall be considered.
4.10 Contraction Joints
The vertical transverse contraction joints are provided in RCC dams to prevent cracking due to
foundation restraint, geometry restraint and thermal or drying volumetric changes. The locations of
transverse contraction joints shall be as per construction drawings. To prevent seepage through
transverse joints, typical waterproofing arrangement at upstream face is shown in figure‐1.
Figure 1‐ Typical waterproofing arrangements for RCC dam at Upstream face
The PVC water stops shall conform to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Specification CRD‐C572‐PVC
Waterstops. The testing procedures for PVC waterstops is provided in ASTM D 638. The waterstops
shall be firmly installed in position within tolerance of 3mm in 3m. Atleast 60cm length of waterstop
should protrude out of concrete for splice. If water stops are exposed for more than 2 days, they shall
be protected from direct sunlight. The splice joints of waterstops shall be as per manufacturer’s
recommendations.
5. Material Requirements
The fine and coarse aggregates should conform to the latest revision of ASTM C‐33 Standard
Specification for Concrete Aggregates. Only the aggregates properly tested as per routine testing shall
be utilized in permanent works. The cement should conform to ASTM C‐150.
Approved mix design based on ACI 211.3 Appendix 4 shall be used. Several mix designs shall be
prepared and tested in laboratory. The final selection of mix design shall be based on the trial pour of
RCC concrete on a test strip; considering its mixing, placement, compaction and curing. Field
adjustments in mix shall be made without compromising critical parameters of mix design such as w/c
ratio.
The moisture for aggregates shall be tested before the start of each shift as per ASTM C‐566. If there
is variation in consistency of RCC mix, adjustments in quantity of water shall be made and moisture
test shall be conducted again.
6. RCC Placement
The details of RCC placement should be documented and discussed in detail. The plan should include
preparatory operations, materials supply, RCC transportation, spreading, compaction, curing,
cleanup, supply, and any other operation that may impact RCC placement. The plan should include a
detailed listing of equipment, pertinent characteristics, and crew composition.
6.1 Transportation
The transportation of RCC from batching plant to the site depends on the topography of the area and
distance from placement location. Conveyor belts are fastest and most convenient method of RCC
placement and is usually complemented by hauling trucks to reach inaccessible locations. The
conveyor system should be specifically designed for RCC concrete, capable of carrying concrete
without interruption and raveling of concrete on already compacted RCC along the path. The details
of conveyor belts are covered under method statement.
Where concrete is to be placed outside the reach of conveyor system, hauling trucks shall be used to
transport concrete to the placement area. As the RCC is denser than the typical rock material filled on
hauling trucks, the access roads slopes shall be maintained accordingly. The end of road entering RCC
shall be made from clean gravel or rock fill to minimize contamination of mud with RCC. Water sprays
for cleaning of truck tires shall also be made before entering RCC lift surface. The truck drivers shall
be advised to refrain from taking sharp turns and fast driving to minimize disturbance to placed RCC.
6.2 Placement and Spreading
Each lift of RCC shall be placed in two layers, each of 12in (30cm) thick. The layer thickness can be
adjusted as per atmospheric conditions, as higher thickness would increase the exposure time of RCC
concrete, and may cause cold joints. The initial setting time of RCC mix shall be increased by adding
retarding admixtures to gain time for transportation, placement and compaction.
Preferred direction of placing RCC is from one abutment to the other one rather than in transverse
direction. The lateral edges of placement may result in segregation that can cause porous zones
through the structure if RCC mix has low consistency. The level of RCC during placement shall be
checked by surveyor using total station.
Tracked dozers are preferred for spreading RCC. Dozers should be equipped with hydraulic tilt
capability and extended welded plate on U shaped blades to limit segregations that can occur as RCC
rolls off of the edge during spreading. Dozers with street rubber tracks or wornout tracks are preferred
as to minimize breakdown of aggregates or shearing of RCC. Dozers should only operate on freshly
placed RCC. Operating dozers on compacted lift surface can damage the RCC. The RCC placement
sequence shall be planned as such, however if inevitable, rubber mats will be used under dozers for
operating on compacted RCC.
The damaged RCC surface due to transportation or compaction equipment shall form a planar surface
which will be removed before placement of next lift of RCC.
Where conventional concrete mixtures are specified for limited areas, for example, at the upstream
or downstream face, special procedures are required. Conventional mix concrete shall be placed first
before the placement of RCC. The mix design of conventional mixed concrete shall be prepared to
lose slump but not set rapidly. The width of conventional concrete shall be based on type of vibratory
roller being used. Conventional concrete shall be compacted with internal vibrators and placed
around U/S and D/S formwork, access gallery reinforcement/formwork, waterstops or other
embedment that can be damaged by compaction of RCC.
The compacted concrete shall be immediately covered with sheets to minimize rapid drying of lift
surface due to sunlight or wind.
The frequency and schedule of testing during placement is given in Appendix‐ Inspection and Test
Plan.
6.3 Compaction
The type of rollers and number of passes required to achieve the compaction of concrete shall be
finalized during trial placement of RCC on a test strip. The compaction of roller compacted concrete,
following measures shall be taken:
Vibratory rollers with low amplitude and high frequency will be preferred. High amplitude of
vibratory roller can cause more subsidence and disturbance of concrete.
Vibration of a roller should stop with its movement to avoid concentrated displacement under
it and raveling along exposed edges.
The compacted layer should be around 3 times the NMSA of RCC mix.
If consistency of mix is higher, first pass of roller should be used without vibration.
At least four to six passes of 10‐ton vibratory roller should be sufficient to achieve desired
compaction for layer between 6‐12inches.
Compaction of concrete which has achieved final set should be avoided.
Compaction should immediately be carried out after placement especially during hot
weather.
The density of RCC shall be evaluated after compaction using ASTM C 1040
Jumping jack vibrators shall be used for lift surfaces which are inaccessible for vibratory
rollers.
6.4 Lift Joints
The horizontal joints between lifts shall be prepared with great care to improve shear and tensile
capacity between lifts and, minimize water seepage along the joints. The horizontal joints are
treated based on its exposure to the environmental conditions and setting time of RCC mix.
If existing layer of RCC has not reached initial setting time, the next lift of RCC can be placed
without further treatment.
When an RCC lift is not covered with additional RCC before it reaches initial set, a cold joint
is formed. The cold joint shall be covered with 6mm thick bedding mortar. The consistency of
bedding mortar should be high enough to fill the irregular surface of hardened RCC. The
compressive strength of bedding mortar should be higher than that of RCC concrete. High
pressure washing of lift surface will also be required if underlying lift is 1 to 2 days old.
6.5 Curing
The curing arrangements for RCC are similar to the conventional concrete. The surface of RCC should
be kept moist before the placement of overlying layer. The curing compounds are not recommended
as they could compromise joint between bonds and also are not suitable for rough surface of RCC.
The top lift of RCC shall be cured for 14 days after placement.
Appendix: Inspection and Test Plan
Inspection and Test Plan for Roller Compacted Concrete
Inspection Codes Parties
H= Hold Point 1=Sub Contractor
R = Record Review 2=Main Contractor
W = Witness Point 3=Client
S=Surveillance
I=Inspection
Inspections
Sr. No Description Frequency Acceptance Criteria Verifying Document Verification Personnel
1 2 3
1 Submittals
1.1 Approved Drawings Every Structure Drawings Register Drawings Site Engineer/QC Engineer R R R
1.2 Method Statement Once Method Statement Site Engineer/QC Engineer R R R
2 Preliminary Arrangements
2.1 Availability of required stock of material Every Pour Availability Batching Plant Record QC Engineer H W R
2.2 Batching Plant Once in 6 months Calibration Calibration Certificate H W R
2.3 Transporting and placement equipment is available and in good working condition As required Availability Fitness Certificate Site Engineer/Workshop Manager H W R
Project/Manufacturer's
2.4 Fixing, splice and protection of waterstops Every Pour QA/QC form Site Engineer/QC Engineer H I S
specifications
ACI 207‐5/ ACI 347/ Project
2.5 Formwork fixing Every lift QA/QC form Site Engineer/QC Engineer H I S
Specifications/ Drawings
ACI 207‐5/Project
2.6 Rock surface or lift joint preparation Every lift QA/QC form Site Engineer/QC Engineer H I S
Specifications
2.7 Approval before placement for Embedments:
2.8 Geotechnical Instruments Every lift/wherever applicable Drawings/ Specifications Consent/approval form QC Engineer/Geotech Engineer H W S
2.9 EMH installations Every lift/wherever applicable Drawings/ Specifications Consent/approval form QC Engineer/EMH representative H W S
2.1 Civil such as water stops, thermocouples, joint seperators etc. Every lift/wherever applicable Drawings/ Specifications QA/QC form QC Engineer/Site Engineer H W S
Drawings/ACI Detailing
2.11 Reinforcement installation for access gallery Every lift/wherever applicable QA/QC form Site Engineer/QC Engineer H W S
Manual SP 66
2.12 Traffice Management Plan Weekly Method Statement Traffic Management Plan QC Engineer/Construction Engineer R R R
Method Statement for
2.13 Batching and Cooling arrangements to achive placement temperature 25 oC Before Every Pour QA/QC form QC Engineer/Lab. Engineer R R R
Cooling Arrangements
3 Material Testing Requirements
3.1 Cement Once every 6 months ASTM C 150 Lab Record Lab Engineer H W R
3.2 Coarse and Fine aggregates As per specifications ASTM C‐33 Lab Record Lab Engineer H W R
3.3 Aggregates Specific gravity ‐ absorption Once per month ASTM C 127/C 128 Lab Record Lab Engineer H W R
3.4 Aggregates Moisture Content As required/before each shift ASTM C 566/C 70 Lab Record Lab Engineer H W R
3.5 Slag Once every 6 months ASTM C 989 Lab Record Lab Engineer H W R
3.6 Admixtures Manufacturer’s certification ASTM C 494 Lab Record Lab Engineer H W R
CRD‐C 572‐74 US CORPS OF
ENGINEERS SPECIFICATIONS
3.7 Water Stops Once in 6 months Lab Record Lab Engineer H W R
FOR PVC WATERSTOP, ASTM
D 638