Dept. of EEE, RIT

Smart Irrigation System
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
Automation rules the world nowadays. It is a technique of using computers or
mobile phones in monitoring and controlling the simple parameters of day-t o -d a y life.
The standard of our life will be nourished by the practice of using automation for simple
things. Using the concept of IOT we make sensors to communicate with each other
which are powerful in automation. The important aspect of this prototype is that it saves
cost and ensures safety. When people try to make plantings and set up their own garden, they
were cautious in maintenance at only in their beginning stages. As days go on due to
lack of maintenance the plants get destroyed. This prototype will help people to
automatically monitor the parameters and ensures maintenance of the farm land. It plays
a vital role and serves as a good companion for plants. IOT provides solutions for
various problems and it allows things to be sensed or controlled remotely in network
infrastructure.
1.2 Problem Statement

In today's busy world, we forget to nourish and water plants that makes our
home clean and soothing. It would be really helpful if we get a notification on our phones
about our plant's health and needs.
1.3 Objective
The purpose of this project is to use iot and make irrigation smart and easy by
connecting it to internet where users get the updated notifications about the plant
conditions. This helps to spread green with less effort.
1.4 Scope of the Project

Numerous devices and networks could possibly make the hobby of irrigation
sustainable. Smart irrigation is the best possible solution to it. With the rapidly growing
popularity of the internet, multipurpose devices and the devices built to serve a specific
purpose comes into the picture. IOT is a shared network of objects or things which can
interact with each other via the Internet connection.
Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 1

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic. It provides
an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories,
methods, and gaps in the existing research.
2.1 Review of Literature
1.“Smart Garden Monitoring System”, P. Tulasi Santhosh Kumar
Smart Garden is a plant environmental monitoring system. The purpose of this

project is that it monitors the soil moisture, air temperature, and air humidity of your
plant(s) and automatically waters the plant based on the data received by sensors.
Thing-speak and Blynk application is used to view those sensor data from remote
location. This paper says that to ensure smart Garden management system a well-
functioning product there are number of requirements the system should meet they
are:
Sensors must accurately measure light, temperature, and moisture levels of plant.
Sensor values must be properly converted from analog signals to a digital signal. The
power supply must supply 3.3 V to the sensor system. Powered by a single cell LiPo
rechargeable battery. Device must be Wi-Fi enabled ESP8266 must connect to ADC
device to receive data. ESP8266, via MQTT Protocol, must communicate with iOS
Mobile Application.
2. “Smart Home Irrigation Automation System Using IoT, Er. Vineet Biswal, Er. Hari
M.Singh, Dr.W. Jeberson, Er. Anchit S.Dhar
In India most of the irrigation systems are manually operated. The plants are
irrigated and maintained manually by the people, which may cause the wastage of water
when the gardener is unavailable. In current situation, the Arduino microcontroller is
used to monitor and irrigate the plant automatically . the moisture sensor sends the
signal to the Arduino board which enables the water pump to turn ON, and supply
the water through Rotating Sprinkler. When the desired moisture level is reached the
water pump turn OFF automatically. The system tracks, temperature and soil moisture,
motion and then uploads this information to the database on Cloud. The system

continuously monitors all the parameters and alerts the user.
3. “IOT Based Smart Garden Monitoring System”,Pratima Bagmare, Manoj Sonune
This section describes study of the previous works related to the proposed
system. There is increased pressure on existing water allocations and has increased
the importance of water management for the sustainability of irrigated agriculture. The
objectives idea is: To optimize the water supply to crops, to reduce manual
intervention, to make the irrigation system smart, autonomous and efficient.
According to the mental health problem in elderly, irrigation and IoT technology, they
propose the IoT Planting for the elderly that is controlled by Android application
which help mental health and memory’s problem in elderly. We use the application to
reduce spaces between elderly and technology by use planting tree’s activity as
an intermediate and avoid accident from planting trees activity. Smart Terrace Garden In
the paper problem is systems are too expensive and not compatible with the app or both.
A solution of this problem is it will help to save time, money and help the environment
through reducing water loss. IOT based smart garden monitoring system which sense
the requirement of the plant and provide it with water as the soil loses its moisture.
Different soils have different fertility and moisture level so we have soil and moisture
sensor used in this to detect this problem. In our country there are six different
seasons and each day have different temperature and humidity level so to check the
temperature and humidity for the better health and survival of plant temperature and
humidity sensor are used which regularly sends data to the server. In this way it manages
to perform its operations automatically .

4. “Smart Home Systems” Nishant Shireen, B. Vasundara Devi
In this work we designed and implemented vertical garden. We used

microcontroller PICI8F4510 to control moisture. The garden that is grown vertically is
easy for cultivation to environmental stress. Usage of vertical garden is proper
irrigation to gain light to the plants. Usage of the material that is recycled and cost
effective. In this work active irrigation system when sunlight and soil moisture are
below a certain threshold level. In vertical garden plants are arranged in vertical plane.
To grow plants inside home we can also provide artificial sunlight. Internet of things
(IOT) means interconnecting the various devices by the internet. Without human to
human interaction data can be transferred through single identifier. Every object is
connected. The cloud server stores the data for decision making. The green house
systems use the Arduino technology to control the watering. The system performance
and storage they use IOT communication technology and cloud server. Proposed system
provides remote monitoring from these system formers could effectively control the
form anywhere at any time. This system is comfortable for farmers.

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
A system requirements specification (SRS) is a specification for a software
system which gives the complete behavioural description of the system to be developed.
It is comprised of use cases which describes all the interactions of the user with the
software. Along with the use cases, it also contains functional and non-functional
requirements.
The procedure of creating or modifying the systems, and the models and
methodologies used by people to build these systems is termed as the Systems
Development Life Cycle (SDLC). In software engineering, numerous software
development methodologies are derived from the SDLC concept. The framework
called the software development process is planned and controlled for the creation
of an information system by these methodologies.
3.1 Design Procedure
Figure 3.1: Circuit Diagram

Connect the soil moisture sensor to A0 of Nodemcu and DHT11 to D4 Pin. The
motor connects to Relay. To control the relay, we use the D5 Pin of NodeMCU.
Connect the OLED display to the I2C pin of NodeMCU. You can power the Motor and
Relay using the 5V pin of NodeMCU. The DHT11 Sensor, Capacitive Soil Moisture
Sensor, and OLED Display require a 3.3V Supply only.
3.2 Block Diagram
3.3 System Requirements
3.3.1 Hardware Requirements
• Node MCU
• Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor
• DHT11 Sensor
• OLED Display
• 5V DC Pump Motor
• 5V Power Relay Module
• Breadboard
• Jumper Wires

3.3.2 Software Requirements
• Arduino IDE
• Thingspeak
3.3.1.1 Node MCU
Figure 3.2 : Node MCU

Node MCU is a low-cost open source IoT platform. It initially included firmware
which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espress if Systems, and hardware which
was based on the ESP-12 module. Later, support for the ESP32 32-bit MCU was added.
As the operating voltage range of ESP8266 is 3V to 3.6V, the board comes
with a LDO voltage regulator to keep the voltage steady at 3.3V. It can reliably
supply up to 600mA, which should be more than enough when ESP8266 pulls
as much as 80mA during RF transmissions. The output of the regulator is also
broken out to one of the sides of the board and labeled as 3V3. This pin can
be used to supply power to external components . As the operating voltage range of
ESP8266 is 3V to 3.6V, the board comes with a LDO voltage regulator to keep
the voltage steady at 3.3V. It can reliably supply up to 600mA, which should
be more than enough when ESP8266 pulls as much as 80mA during RF
transmissions. The output of the regulator is also broken out to one of the sides of
the board and labeled as 3V3. This pin can be used to supply power to
external components.

3.3.1.2 Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor
Figure 3.3: Soil Moisture Sensor

A soil moisture sensor is one that detects the volumetric water content of the
soil, compared with resistive sensors, capacitive sensors do not require direct exposure
of the metal electrodes, which can significantly reduce the erosion of the electrodes.
Hence, we call it Corrosion Resistant . A capacitive moisture sensor works by
measuring the changes in capacitance caused by the changes in the dielectric. The
capacitance of the sensor is measured by means of a 555 based circuit that produces a
voltage proportional to the capacitor inserted in the soil.
3.3.1.3 DHT11 Sensor
Figure 3.4: DHT11 Sensor

The DHT11 is a basic, ultra- low-cost digital temperature and humidity
sensor. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding
air, and spits out a digital signal on the data pin (no analog input pins needed). It’s fairly
simple to use, but requires careful timing to grab data. The DHT11 is a commonly
used Temperature and humidity sensor. The sensor can measure temperature from 0°C
to 50°C and humidity from 20% to 90% with an accuracy of ±1°C and ±1%.

3.3.1.4 OLED Display
Figure 3.5: OLED Display

OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) Display modules are an ideal choice
for small and medium-sized display technology. OLED displays offer a very thin
profile, an unlimited viewing angle, high brightness, and a high contrast ratio. An OLED
diode is made of six different layers with two of them retaining organic properties.
When current is passed through these diodes, these organic layers produce light which
passes through a colour refiner that produce picture on the screen.
3.3.1.5 5V DC Pump Motor
Figure 3.6: 5V DC Pump Motor

The DC 3-6 V Mini Micro Submersible Water Pump is a low cost, small size
Submersible Pump Motor. It operates from a 2.5 ~ 6V power supply. It can take up to 120
liters per hour with a very low current consumption of 220mA. Just connect the tube
pipe to the motor outlet, submerge it in water, and power it.
3.3.1.6 5V Power Relay Module
Figure 3.7: 5V Power Relay Module

This product is a 1-channel relay module board with LED indicators; it can be
controlled by microcontrollers such as Uno R3, AVR, PIC, ARM any other
microcontroller operating at 5V.
3.3.1.7 Breadboard
Figure 3.8: Breadboard
A breadboard, or protoboard, is a construction base for prototyping of electronics.

Originally the word referred to a literal bread board, a polished piece of wood used
when slicing bread. In the 1970s the solderless breadboard became available and
nowadays the term "breadboard" is commonly used to refer to these.
3.3.1.8 Jumper Wires
Figure 3.9: Jumper Wires

A jump wire is an electrical wire, or group of them in a cable, with a connector
or pin at each end, which is normally used to interconnect the components of a
breadboard or other prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or
components, without soldering.

3.3.2.1 Arduino Ide
Figure 3.10: Arduino Ide

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross
platform application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in functions from
C and C++. It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible
boards, but also, with the help of third-party cores, other vendor development
boards. The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General
Public License, version 2. The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++
using special rules of code structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies a software
library from the Wiring project, which provides many common input and output
procedures. The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the
executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the
Arduino board by a loader program in the board's firmware. By default, avrdude is
used as the uploading tool to flash the user code onto official Arduino boards.
3.3.2.2 Thingspeak
Figure 3.11: Thingspeak

ThingSpeak is an IoT analytics platform service that allows you to aggregate,
visualize and analyse live data streams in the cloud. ThingSpeak provides instant
visualizations of data posted by your devices to ThingSpeak.

3.4 Working Principle

Water Pump must be fully submerged in water. The outlet pipe should be in
soil. Soil must sensor must be dipped in soil. When the low quantity of soil is
detected in the soil the motor automatically turns ON irrigation is done automatically.
Once the soil becomes Wet the motor turns OFF. As soon as the device is powered the
OLED display will display the soil moisture, Air temperature and Air Humidity. Most of
the seeds germinate at 68-80F temperature, using this technology one can monitor both seed
germination and irrigation system.
All these happenings, can be monitored remotely through things Speak server
with graphical representation from any part of the world. In Real time, we can use
this, as soil moisture content is reduced the water pump turns ON and irrigate the fuel
until the required moisture us achieved.

CHAPTER 4
TESTING AND PERFORMANCE

4.1 Performance Result
Figure 4.1: Hardware Implementation

4.2 Graph Interference
Figure 4.2: Graph Interference

4.3 Tabulation of Trials

Sl Soil Moisture Air Temperature Motor Watering
No. Humidity Status Status
1 Dry Low Cold On Yes
2 Dry Low Warm On Yes
3 Dry High Warm On Yes
4 Medium Low Warm Off No
5 Dry High Hot On Yes
6 Medium Medium Warm Off No
7 Medium High Warm Off No
8 Medium High Cold Off No
9 Wet Medium Warm Off No
10 Wet Medium Cold Off No
11 Wet Low Cold Off No
12 Wet Low Cold Off No
Above Tabulation is made over in the interval of 2 Hrs.

CHAPTER 5
BILL OF MATERIALS
ITEM QUANTITY PRICE

140
Breadboard 1
Esp8266 node MCU 1 400

Soil Moisture Sensor 1 100
5V DC Pump Motor 1 140
5V Power Relay Module 1 120
DHT11 Sensor 1 160
OLED display 1 350
Jumper wires 60 150
TOTAL 1,560

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
The IoT device market has undergone radical changes in only a few short
years. Starting with disparate devices and no ecosystems to speak of, the market has
now grown to encompass enterprise players working together to create ecosystems,
tailored for mobile technology, which allows IoT devices to become interconnected.
Automaton of the home may have once seemed like a peculiar and unlikely concept, but
as our devices become smarter and more investment is poured into the development of
ioT consumer products, we are likely to see increased competition spur on further
innovation in the field.

CHAPTER 7
SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

The system can control the water supply to the plants based on both
environmental sensor data and soil moisture data. The lighting of the farm area has also
been taken care o ff. The system boasts of efficient utilization of resources with
minimal wastage. The plant health-care department has been effectively looked after
by the deep-learning algorithm. Along with this, the garden can connect people from
di fferent parts of the globe, which is one of its unique selling propositions . One of the
major limitations of this work was the unavailability of a movable robotic arm that
could capture pictures of the farm from di fferent viewpoints or use a single motor to
water several plants with seed germination. Further extension on this project would be
to connect di fferent farm area located physically apart, “Connecting irrigation for
optimized learning”.

ANNEXURES
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>
#include <DHT.h> // Including library for dht
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 // OLED display height, in pixels
#define OLED_RESET -1 // Reset pin # (or -1 if sharing Arduino reset pin)
#define DHTPIN D4 //pin where the dht11 is connected
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHT11);
String apiKey = "3RKZSAKRJLIM7BUD"; // Enter your Write API key from ThingSpeak
const char *ssid = "realme6"; // replace with your wifi ssid and wpa2 key
const char *pass = "12345678";
const char* server = "api.thingspeak.com";
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, OLED_RESET

);
const int AirValue = 790; //you need to replace this value with Value_1

const int WaterValue = 390; //you need to replace this value with Value_2
const int SensorPin = A0;
int soilMoistureValue = 0;
int soilmoisturepercent=0;
int relaypin = D5;
WiFiClient client;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200); // open serial port, set the baud rate to 9600 bps
display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C); //initialize with the I2C addr 0x3C (12

8x64)
display.clearDisplay();
pinMode(relaypin, OUTPUT);
dht.begin();
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
Serial.println("");

Serial.println("WiFi connected");
delay(4000);
void loop()
float h = dht.readHumidity();
float t = dht.readTemperature();
Serial.print("Humidity: ");
Serial.println(h);
Serial.print("Temperature: ");
Serial.println(t);
soilMoistureValue = analogRead(SensorPin); //put Sensor insert into soil
Serial.println(soilMoistureValue);
soilmoisturepercent = map(soilMoistureValue, AirValue, WaterValue, 0, 100);
if(soilmoisturepercent > 100)
Serial.println("100 %");

display.setCursor(0,0); //oled display
display.setTextSize(2);
display.setTextColor(WHITE);
display.print("Soil RH:");
display.print("100");
display.println(" %");
display.print("Air RH:");
display.print(h);
display.print("Temp:");
display.print(t);
display.println(" C");
display.display();
delay(250);

else if(soilmoisturepercent <0)
Serial.println("0 %");
display.print("0");
display.print(h);
display.print(t);
display.display();

delay(250);
else if(soilmoisturepercent >=0 && soilmoisturepercent <= 100)
Serial.print(soilmoisturepercent);
Serial.println("%");
display.print(soilmoisturepercent);
display.print(h);

display.print(t);
display.display();
delay(250);
if(soilmoisturepercent >=0 && soilmoisturepercent <= 30)
digitalWrite(relaypin, HIGH);
Serial.println("Motor is ON");
else if (soilmoisturepercent >30 && soilmoisturepercent <= 100)
digitalWrite(relaypin, LOW);
Serial.println("Motor is OFF");
if (client.connect(server, 80)) // "184.106.153.149" or api.thingspeak.com
String postStr = apiKey;
postStr += "&field1=";

postStr += String(soilmoisturepercent);
postStr += String(h);
postStr += String(t);
postStr += String(relaypin);
postStr += "\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n";
client.print("POST /update HTTP/1.1\n");
client.print("Host: api.thingspeak.com\n");
client.print("Connection: close\n");
client.print("X-THINGSPEAKAPIKEY: " + apiKey + "\n");
client.print("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n");
client.print("Content-Length: ");
client.print(postStr.length());
client.print("\n\n");
client.print(postStr);
client.stop();

DETAILED VIEW OF THE PROJECT


REFERENCES
 Pratima Bagmare Manoj sonune, PG student, Dept of E&TC, Dhole Patil college
ofEngineering, wagholi, pune, “IOT Based smart Home Irrigation using node MCU".
Journal of analysis & computation (JAC) volume XII, Issue IV, April 2019.
 Nishant Shireen, B. Vasundhara Devi, M tech student, Dept of CSE sreenidhi institute
of science & technology, Yamnampet Rangareddy (Dst). Telangana, India "Smart Garden
Management system". International journal of Engineering Research in computer science
& Engineering (IJERCSE) vol5, issue 3, March 2018.
 P. Tulasi Santhosh Kumar, K.N Balaji Kumar, “Implementation of Multi Zone Smart
Irrigation System” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and
Communication Engineering ISO 3297:2007 Certified Vol. 5, Issue 10, October 2016.
 Er. Vineet Biswal, Er. Hari M.Singh, Dr. W. Jeberson, Er. Anchit S.Dhar, “A Smart
Houseplant Watering and Monitoring System” International Journal of Science,
Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015.

Dept. of EEE, RIT

Uploaded by

Document Informationclick to expand document information

Copyright:

Available Formats

Dept. of EEE, RIT

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Dept. of EEE, RIT

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Smart Irrigation System

1.2 Problem Statement

1.4 Scope of the Project

Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 1

2.1 Review of Literature

1.“Smart Garden Monitoring System”, P. Tulasi Santhosh Kumar

Smart Garden is a plant environmental monitoring system. The purpose of this

Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 2

continuously monitors all the parameters and alerts the user.

3. “IOT Based Smart Garden Monitoring System”,Pratima Bagmare, Manoj Sonune

Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 3

4. “Smart Home Systems” Nishant Shireen, B. Vasundara Devi

In this work we designed and implemented vertical garden. We used

Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 4

3.1 Design Procedure

Figure 3.1: Circuit Diagram

Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 5

3.2 Block Diagram

3.3 System Requirements

3.3.1 Hardware Requirements

• Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor

• 5V Power Relay Module

Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 6

3.3.2 Software Requirements

3.3.1.1 Node MCU

Figure 3.2 : Node MCU

Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 7

3.3.1.2 Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor

Figure 3.3: Soil Moisture Sensor

3.3.1.3 DHT11 Sensor

Figure 3.4: DHT11 Sensor

Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 8

3.3.1.4 OLED Display

Figure 3.5: OLED Display

3.3.1.5 5V DC Pump Motor

Figure 3.6: 5V DC Pump Motor

3.3.1.6 5V Power Relay Module

Figure 3.7: 5V Power Relay Module

Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 9

Figure 3.8: Breadboard

A breadboard, or protoboard, is a construction base for prototyping of electronics.

Figure 3.9: Jumper Wires

Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 10

3.3.2.1 Arduino Ide

Figure 3.10: Arduino Ide

Figure 3.11: Thingspeak

Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 11

3.4 Working Principle

Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 12

TESTING AND PERFORMANCE

Figure 4.1: Hardware Implementation

Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 13

4.2 Graph Interference

Figure 4.2: Graph Interference

Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 14

4.3 Tabulation of Trials

Above Tabulation is made over in the interval of 2 Hrs.

Dept. of EEE, RIT, Hassan Page 15