q3 w5 Practical Research

Week 5
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course develops critical thinking and problem-solving skills through qualitative research.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. compare and contrast the qualitative and quantitative methods of research,
2. identify the salient characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research,
3. identify the different kinds of qualitative study.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Introduction
CONTENT QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE RESEARCH – PART 1
Most researchers would normally use qualitative methods in doing research. But qualitative
research has been found useful and productive by most experts in many disciplines, particularly in
education. After all, in daily life, people converse and use words in trying to investigate things, in order to
know the truth about certain things. They, in effect, are doing “qualitative research”.
Qualitative study uses a wide and deep-angle lens, examining human choice and behavior as it
occurs naturally in all its detail. The researchers try to understand multiple dimensions and layers of
reality such as types of people in a group, how they think, how they interact, what kinds of norms they
practice, and how these dimensions come together holistically to describe the group.
Preparatory Activity
Direction: Study the sample and formulate at least 3 qualitative and quantitative information about the
given picture below.
Sample
Activity:
Qualitative Data Quantitative Data

1. ________________ __________________
2. ________________ __________________
3. ________________ __________________
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Learn about it
Similarities of Quantitative and Qualitative Research

1. Empirical research is aimed at creating new knowledge.
2. Research creates knowledge by observing phenomena.
3. All the entities of interest like attitudes, motives and learning can be inferred from observing
what people do or say in a given setting.
4. All researchers are concerned about the universality of ideas or expressing in a general
statement; that is, they desire to find meaning for the research results beyond a particular
study.
What is Qualitative Research?
Qualitative research tries to get to the bottom of human situations, social phenomena or inquiries
about human behavior in daily life. Creswell (1994) defines qualitative research as “an inquiry process of
understanding a social phenomenon or human problem based on building a complex holistic picture
formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants and conducted in a natural setting.” Locke,
Spirduso and Silverman (1987) emphasize that the intent of qualitative research is to understand a
particular social situation, event, role, group or interaction. Frankael and Wallen (1990) stress that
researchers are interested in understanding how things occur. Moreover, Denzin and Lincoln (2005)
explain that qualitative research is a situated activity that locates the observer in the world. It studies
things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of or to interpret phenomena in terms of the
meanings people bring to them.
By nature, qualitative research is essentially a descriptive analysis and follows the inductive process
of reasoning, that is, from specific situations like a student’s losing interest or motivation to study, to
arriving at a generalization of what has caused such behavior, based on observations, interviews or self-
disclosures in written forms like school compositions, or more popularity, in social network posts, blogs
or videos. In other words, the data gathered is qualitative in nature, that is, non-numerical such as words
and pictures. While qualitative research differs from quantitative research (deals with numbers), both
complement each other and in fact some researchers use mixed-method design, depending on the
research topic, in order to support or provide strength to each other particularly in terms of generating
more comprehensive data to better understand the phenomenon.
Researchers doing qualitative study observe and examine the natural flow of behavior and events.
They try to understand multiple dimensions and layers of reality, such as the types of people in a group,
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how they think, how they interact, what kinds of agreements or norms they make,
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dimensions come together holistically to describe a group. AC
Characteristics of Qualitative Research

 it takes place in a natural setting
 focuses on the participants’ perception and experiences
 methods are interactive and humanistic
 uses various ways of data collection
 the theory or general pattern of understanding will emerge as it begins with initial codes, develops
into broad themes
 fundamentally interpretive
 the researcher may filter the data
 the researcher is the primary instrument in data collection
Strengths of Qualitative Research
 It can offer the best light on or best answers to certain phenomena.
 Results are exhaustive; even underlying meanings surface.
 Offers several avenues to understand phenomena, behavior, or human conditions.
 Can build or develop theories through consistent themes, categories, relationships, and
interrelationships that are crystallized during the data gathering and data analysis process.
Weaknesses of Qualitative Research
 Total immersion in the natural setting of the research can be time-consuming and tedious, and
resource-draining
 There comes a point when the personal-self and researcher-self are inseparable so subjectivity
can happen. Personal values, assumptions and biases must be identified early on.
Kinds of Qualitative Research

1. Phenomenology. It borrows a philosophical concept whereby the key element is that the
researcher attempts to understand a certain experience or phenomenon of people. For
instance, the study on the experience of “bangungot” among young Filipinos, or Filipino
physician-turned nurses abroad.
2. Ethnography. The word means “writing about people”. It is interested in describing the
culture of a group of people and learning to be a member of the group. The data gathered
normally revolves around the shared values, attitudes, norms, practices, patterns of
interactions and languages of an ethnic group. An example would be a study about the
culture of Mangyans, Atis, Igorots, etc.
3. Case Study. The researchers provide a detailed account of one or more cases of
particular situation, person, group of persons, events, etc. It can be exploratory, descriptive
or explanatory research. For example, a case study on sustainable sanitation project of a
particular community.
4. Grounded Theory. It is a qualitative approach to generating and developing a theory from
the data collected. It is an inductive approach for generating theories for explanation
because the theory emerges from the data. An example would be a grounded theory on
becoming selfless as experienced by people who are committed to service.
5. Historical research. This is about people, events, places, customs or practices in the
past. It is also called narrative research because it studies historical text or data. For
example, the development of music and dance in the Philippines.
6. Mixed Methods. It is an integration of both quantitative and qualitative methods in one
single study. For example, gathering data through a questionnaire (quanti) and focus group
discussion or interview (quali) about traditions and alcohol usage. Both set of data will be
presented to provide strengths on the weaknesses of the other.
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Post Activity
Direction: Please answer each question briefly and clearly.

1. In what ways and areas does qualitative research appear advantageous than quantitative
research? (Check page 4 and page 5)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Choose one discipline or area of interest that you want to take for a research study. Give a
specific example of a topic related to it.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
References:
 McLeod, S. A. (2019, July 30). Qualitative vs. quantitative research. Simply Psychology.

www.simplypsychology.org/qualitative-quantitative.html
 Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101.
 Carr, L. T. (1994). The strengths and weaknesses of quantitative and qualitative research: what method for
nursing?. Journal of advanced nursing, 20(4), 716-721.
 Denscombe, M. (2010). The Good Research Guide: for small-scale social research. McGraw Hill.
 Denzin, N., & Lincoln. Y. (1994). Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications Inc.
 Glaser, B. G., Strauss, A. L., & Strutzel, E. (1968). The discovery of grounded theory; strategies for qualitative
research. Nursing research, 17(4), 364.
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Week 5

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

CONTENT QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE RESEARCH – PART 1

Qualitative Data Quantitative Data

Similarities of Quantitative and Qualitative Research

What is Qualitative Research?

Characteristics of Qualitative Research

Kinds of Qualitative Research

Direction: Please answer each question briefly and clearly.

 McLeod, S. A. (2019, July 30). Qualitative vs. quantitative research. Simply Psychology.

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