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    P2 Chp5 Section 5.3C

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    Asterisk Khant
    This document summarizes key concepts about geometric sequences and provides examples of solving problems involving geometric sequences. It defines a geometric sequence as having a common ratio between consecutive terms. Examples show how to find specific terms like the 10th term by using the formula for the nth term which is an = arn-1, where a is the first term and r is the common ratio. Problems involve identifying sequences based on given terms, finding terms of known sequences, and determining if a number is part of a sequence.

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    P2 Chp5 Section 5.3C

    Uploaded by

    Asterisk Khant
    39 views6 pages
    This document summarizes key concepts about geometric sequences and provides examples of solving problems involving geometric sequences. It defines a geometric sequence as having a common ratio between consecutive terms. Examples show how to find specific terms like the 10th term by using the formula for the nth term which is an = arn-1, where a is the first term and r is the common ratio. Problems involve identifying sequences based on given terms, finding terms of known sequences, and determining if a number is part of a sequence.

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    This document summarizes key concepts about geometric sequences and provides examples of solving problems involving geometric sequences. It defines a geometric sequence as having a common ratio between consecutive terms. Examples show how to find specific terms like the 10th term by using the formula for the nth term which is an = arn-1, where a is the first term and r is the common ratio. Problems involve identifying sequences based on given terms, finding terms of known sequences, and determining if a number is part of a sequence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views6 pages

    P2 Chp5 Section 5.3C

    Uploaded by

    Asterisk Khant
    This document summarizes key concepts about geometric sequences and provides examples of solving problems involving geometric sequences. It defines a geometric sequence as having a common ratio between consecutive terms. Examples show how to find specific terms like the 10th term by using the formula for the nth term which is an = arn-1, where a is the first term and r is the common ratio. Problems involve identifying sequences based on given terms, finding terms of known sequences, and determining if a number is part of a sequence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    5.

    3 Geometric Sequences (Page 87)


    • A geometric sequence has a common ratio between consecutive
    terms.
    • If 𝑢𝑛 is the nth term and 𝑢𝑛+1 is the (n+1)th term, then
    𝑢𝑛+1
    = 𝑟 = common ratio, for 𝑛 = 1,2,3, … .
    𝑢𝑛
    • If a is the first term, the geometric sequence is of the form:
    𝑎, 𝑎𝑟, 𝑎𝑟 2 , 𝑎𝑟 3 , … .
    • The formula for the nth term of a geometric sequence is

    𝑢𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1

    Example 8 (Page 88)


    (a) Given: geometric sequence 3, 6, 12, 24, …
    To find: 10th term and nth term
    𝑎 = 3, 𝑟 = 2
    𝑢10 = 𝑎𝑟 9 = 3 × 29 = 1536
    𝑢𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛 − 1 = 3 × 2𝑛 − 1

    (b) Given: geometric sequence 40, −20, 10, −5, …


    To find: 10th term and nth term
    1
    𝑎 = 40, 𝑟 = −
    2
    1 9 5
    𝑢10 = 𝑎𝑟 9 = 40 × (− ) =−
    2 64
    1 𝑛−1
    𝑢𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛 − 1 = 40 × (− )
    2
    Example 9 (Page 88)
    Given: geometric sequence; 𝑢2 = 4, 𝑢4 = 8; 𝑟 > 0
    To find: 𝑢11
    𝑎𝑟 = 4 --------- (1)
    𝑎𝑟 3 = 8 --------- (2)
    𝑎𝑟 3 8
    =
    𝑎𝑟 4

    𝑟2 = 2
    𝑟 = √2
    𝑎 √2 = 4
    4
    𝑎=
    √2

    = 2√2
    𝑢11 = 𝑎𝑟10 = 2√2 (√2 )10 = 2√2 × 25 = 64√2

    Example 10 (Page 89)


    Given: geometric sequence; 3, 𝑥, 𝑥 + 6 are first 3 terms, 𝑥 > 0
    (a) To find: possible values of x
    𝑥 𝑥+6
    =
    3 𝑥

    𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 + 18
    𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 18 = 0
    (𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 + 3) = 0
    𝑥 = 6 or 𝑥 = −3 (reject it)
    (b) To find: 𝑢10
    The geometric sequence is 3, 6, 12, …
    𝑎 = 3, 𝑟 = 2
    𝑢10 = 𝑎𝑟 9 = 3 × 29 = 1536

    Example 11 (Page 89)


    Given: geometric sequence 3, 6, 12, 24, …
    To find: first nth term 𝑢𝑛 > 1000000
    𝑎 = 3, 𝑟 = 2
    𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 > 1000000
    3 × 2𝑛−1 > 1000000
    𝑛−1 106
    2 >
    3
    106
    log 2𝑛−1 > log
    3

    (𝑛 − 1) log 2 > log 106 − log 3


    6 log 10 − log 3
    𝑛−1> = 18.35
    log 2

    𝑛 > 19.35
    ⸫ 𝑛 = 20
    ⸫ 𝑢20 = 𝑎𝑟19 = 3 × 219

    Exercise 5C (Page 90)


    No. 3 (Page 90)
    Given: geometric sequence 3, 𝑥, 9, …
    (a) To find: value of x
    𝑥 9
    =
    3 𝑥

    𝑥 2 = 27
    𝑥 = ±√27 = ±3√3

    (b) To find: 𝑢4
    If 𝑥 = 3√3 , then 𝑟 = √3 and so 𝑢4 = 𝑎𝑟 3 = 3 × (√3 )3 = 9√3
    If 𝑥 = −3√3 , then 𝑟 = −√3 and so 𝑢4 = 𝑎𝑟 3 = 3 × (−√3 )3 = −9√3

    No. 7 (Page 91)


    Given: geometric sequence; 𝑎 = 4, 𝑢3 = 1
    To find: possible values of 𝑢6
    𝑎𝑟 2 = 1
    4𝑟 2 = 1
    1
    𝑟=±
    2
    1 1 1
    If 𝑟 = , then 𝑢6 = 𝑎𝑟 5 = 4 × ( )5 =
    2 2 8
    1 1 1
    If 𝑟 = − , then 𝑢6 = 𝑎𝑟 5 = 4 × (− )5 = −
    2 2 8

    No. 8 (Page 91)


    Given: geometric sequence 8 − 𝑥, 2𝑥, 𝑥 2 , … ; 𝑥 > 0
    (a) To show: 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 = 0
    2𝑥 𝑥2
    =
    8−𝑥 2𝑥

    4𝑥 2 = 8𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3
    ⸫ 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 = 0

    (b) To find: 𝑢20


    𝑥 2 (𝑥 − 4 ) = 0
    𝑥=4 (∵ 𝑥 > 0)
    The sequence is 4, 8, 16, … .
    𝑎 = 4, 𝑟 = 2
    𝑢20 = 𝑎𝑟19 = 4 × 219 = 221 = 2097152

    (c) To state: whether 4096 is a term in the sequence


    Let 𝑢𝑛 = 4096 .
    𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 = 4096
    4 × 2𝑛−1 = 4096
    2𝑛−1 = 1024
    log 2𝑛−1 = log 1024
    (𝑛 − 1) log 2 = log 1024
    log 1024
    𝑛−1= = 10
    log 2

    𝑛 = 11
    ⸫ 4096 is a term of the sequence.
    No. 9 (Page 91)
    Given: geometric sequence; 𝑎 = 200, 𝑟 = 𝑝 > 0, 𝑢6 = 40
    (a) To show: 5 log 𝑝 + log 5 = 0
    𝑎𝑟 5 = 40
    200 × 𝑝5 = 40
    5𝑝5 = 1
    log 5𝑝5 = log 1
    log 5 + 5 log 𝑝 = 0
    (b) To find: value of p
    1
    𝑝5 = = 0.2
    5
    5
    𝑝 = √0.2 = 0.725 (3 s. f.)

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