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Indeks Dan Log Edited

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Tingkatan 4

Bab 5: Indeks dan Logarithm

Indeks dan Hukum Indeks

𝑎0 = 1 (𝑎𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑏 𝑛
𝑛
𝑎−𝑛 = 1⁄𝑎𝑛 (𝑎⁄𝑏) = 𝑎 ⁄𝑏 𝑛
𝑛

𝑚⁄
𝑎𝑚 × 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛 𝑎 𝑛 𝑛
= √𝑎 𝑚
𝑚⁄
𝑎𝑚 ÷ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 𝑗𝑖𝑘𝑎, 𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑏

(𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛 m𝑎𝑘𝑎, 𝑎 = 𝑏


𝑛⁄
𝑚

Contoh 1: Selesaikan setiap yang berikut:


1) 2𝑥 = 16 2) 3𝑥+7 = 243

3) 5𝑥 = 125 4) 7𝑥+2 = 2401

5) 16𝑥−2 = 64𝑥+5 6) 5𝑥−3 = 625−𝑥

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7) 3𝑛−3 × 27𝑛 = 243 8) 9(3𝑛−1 ) = 27𝑛

9) 27(32𝑥+4 ) = 1 10) 82𝑥−3 = 1⁄ 𝑥+2


√4

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11) 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑛: 2𝑥 (5𝑥 ) = 100 (10𝑥+1 )4 12) 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑛: 0.252𝑥 = 162𝑥+3

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13) 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑛: √25𝑥+2 = 1⁄625𝑥−1 14) 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑛: 4𝑥 . 32𝑥−2 = 144

Contoh 2: Selesaikan setiap yang berikut

1) 3𝑥+2 − 3𝑥 = 24 2) 2𝑥+2 + 2𝑥 = 40

3) 3𝑥+2 − 3𝑥 = 8⁄9 4) 23𝑥 = 8 + 23𝑥−1

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5) 2𝑥+4 − 2𝑥+3 = 1 6) 25(5𝑥−1 ) − 5𝑥 = 100

7) 81𝑥+1 − 272𝑥−3 = 0 8) 5𝑛+2 − 5𝑛 − 25(5𝑛−1 ) = 475

9) 𝐵𝑢𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑤𝑎 3𝑛+1 + 3𝑛+2 10) 𝐵𝑢𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑛 7𝑛+2 − 2(7𝑛+1 ) + 7𝑛


𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑖 4 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑒ℎ 𝑑𝑖𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 9

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Contoh 3: Selesaikan yang berikut

1) 𝐷𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑖 3𝑥 = 𝑦 𝑑𝑎𝑛 2𝑥 = 𝑧, 2) 𝐷𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑖 32𝑥 = 𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑦 = ℎ,


𝑑𝑎𝑛 3𝑦+2𝑥 = 7 + 9𝑥 ,
𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑎𝑝𝑘𝑎𝑛 6𝑥 (9𝑥−1 ) 𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚 𝑠𝑒𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑎𝑝𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑘 𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚 𝑠𝑒𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛 ℎ
𝑦 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑧

3) 2𝑥+2 . 3𝑥−2 = 63𝑥 4) 6𝑥+1 − (3𝑥+1 )(2𝑥 ) = 18(4𝑥 )(32𝑥 )

5) 3𝑥 = 2𝑦 = 6𝑧 , ungkapkan 36 dalam sebutan x, y and z

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6) Cari nilai 25𝑛+2 × 9𝑛+3 ÷ 152𝑛+3

7) Selesaikan persamaan serentak berikut


23𝑦
= 32 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5𝑥 . 25𝑦−1 = 3125
4𝑦

Latihan

1) Selesaikan: 2) Diberi 5𝑎 = 11𝑏 = 55𝑐 , ungkapkan c

a) 2𝑥+2 × 2𝑥 = 32 dalam sebutan a dan b


b) 4𝑚 . 32𝑚−1 = 82𝑚−1
3) Diberi 2𝑥+2 . 42𝑦−1 = 1 dan
c) 16(83𝑥 ) = 1
3𝑥−3 . 27𝑦−5 = 9, cari nilai x dan y.
d) 16𝑥−1 = 256𝑥+1
1
e) 272𝑥−5 = √9𝑥+1 4) Tunjukkan bahawa 13 adalah faktor

f) 2𝑥+2 + 2𝑥 = 40 kepada 5(7𝑛+1 ) + 2(7𝑛+2 ) − 3(7𝑛 )


g) 3𝑚−1 + 3𝑚 − 12 = 0 2
5) Selesaikan 4(2𝑥−1) = 2𝑥+1
h) 3𝑥−1 + 3𝑥+2 = 252
2𝑦 1
i) = 4𝑦
16𝑦−1

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